代词、数词

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代词
代词就是用来代替名词、名词组分、分句和句子的词。

一、人称代词
表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词,叫做人称代词。

人称代词有人称、数和格的变化
1.人称代词的一般用法:
(1)作主语(用主格)
I like table tennis. 我喜欢打乒乓球。

He is a student. 他是个学生。

(2)作表语(用主格,口语中常用宾格)
Who is there?It's me(I). 是谁啊?是我。

(3)作宾语(用宾格)
Do you know him?你认识他吗?
Come with me. 跟我来。

注意:
我(I)无论放在句首、句中或句尾,都要大写。

2.人称代词的特殊用法
人称的习惯顺序:
(1)如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语,且用and,or连接时,习惯顺序是:
单数:按第二人称、第三人称、第一人称顺序排列
复数:按第一人称、第二人称、第三人称顺序排列
但是,如果是做错事,承担责任时,说话的人把I(我)放在第一位。

----Who broke the Window?谁打碎了玻璃?
---I and Li Ming. 我和李明.
_________ must go to the teacher’s office.
A.I and you
B.Me and you
C.You and I
(2)we,you,they的特殊用法
we,you,they有时并非指特定的人,译时不必译出“我们”、“你们”、“他们”。

We had a heavy rain last week. 上周下了场大雨。

You don't see many foreigners here.
这儿,人们见不到许多外国人。

They speak English in Canada.
在加拿大,人们说英语。

二、物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。

物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人称和数的变化见下表。

1. 物主代词的用法
This is my father. 这是我父亲。

Is that bike yours?Yes,it's mine.
那辆自行车是你的吗?是的,那是我的。

(1)形容词性物主代词是形容词作用
在句中只能作定语,换句话说,形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。

I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。

(2)名词性物主代词可作主语
Our school is here,and theirs is there.
我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。

(3)名词性物主代词可作表语
Whose bike is this?It's hers.(=her bike)
这是谁的自行车?是她的。

Is that car yours?Yes,it's mine.
那辆车是你的吗?是的,它是我的。

(4)名词性物主代词可作宾语
Let's clean their room first and ours(=our room)later.
咱们先打扫他们的房间,然后再打扫我们的。

I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours.
我的字典丢了,请把你的借我好吗?
a friend of mine 的用法
句型:
a(an,this,that,some,no)等+名词+of+名词性所有格。

按此句型“我的朋友之一”应译为a friend(名词)of mine(名词性所有格)。

A friend of ours is coming soon.
我们的一个朋友马上就来。

That watch of hers is beautiful.
她的表很漂亮。

(暗示她有许多表)
注意:
冠词a(an,the)和this,that,some等词后不能加所有格。

(×)a my friend
三、反身代词
英语中用来表示“我自己”,“你自己”,“他自己”,“我们自己”,“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。

反身代词可以用作宾语、表语、同位语或用于一些固定词组中,但不能作主语和定语。

常见词组有enjoy oneself ,dress oneself ,by oneself ,devote oneself
六、不定代词(高中部分)
2.不定代词的用法
(1)each,every,both,all,either,neither,no,none的用法
①each“每个/各个”(强调个体),用于两者或两者以上。

eg.Each of them has a nice ring.她们每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。

②every“每个/各个”(强调全体),用于两者以上。

eg.Every day is important to us.每天对我们都很重要。

③both表示两者“都”(强调全体)。

Eg.Both of them are doctors.他俩都是医生。

They both like potatoes.他俩喜欢吃土豆。

④all“全体/大家/一切”用于三者以上,也可接不可数名词。

eg.All of us are from China.我们都来自中国。

All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。

⑤either“两者之一”,用于两者(强调个体)。

eg.The two coats are cheap,so you can choose either of them.那两件外套不贵,你可以随便挑一件。

⑥neither“两个都不”,用于否定两者。

eg. Neither Of the books is/are so interesting.那两本书没一本好看的。

⑦no(=not any/not a)“没有”可接可数名词单复数,也可接不可数名词。

eg.I have no brothers Or sisters.我没有兄弟姐妹。

There is no fire without some smoke.有火就有烟。

⑧none“没有一个人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词
eg.None Of them has/have been to Japan.他们都没去过日本。

I like none of the books.这些书我全都不喜欢。

⑨neither和none表示完全否定;all,both,each和every(含every的复合词)等与not连用时表示部分否定。

eg.I don’t know all of you.我不完全认识你们。

Not everyone Of us know how to go there.不是我们每个人都知道怎样去那儿。

(2)one,ones和no one的用法
one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人,以免重复;复数ones用来代替前面提到的一些物或一些人;no one表示否定。

eg.——Would you please pass me the science book?给我递过那本科学方面的书好吗?
一Which one?哪一本?
一The one on my shelf.我书架上的那本。

No one has traveled farther than to the moon.没有人旅行远过月球。

(3)a few,a little;many,much;some,any的用法
①many(+可数名词),much(+不可数名词)表示“许多/很多”。

eg.Many Of the students come from England.那些学生许多是从英国来的。

Thanks,it’s too much for me.谢谢,我承受不起。

②few(+可数名词),little(+不可数名词)表示“没多/很少”(表否定)。

eg,There were few people in the street last night.昨晚街上没什么人。

I am very worried that l have little time to finish the job.我担心,我几乎没有时间完成这份工作了。

③a few(+可数名词),a little(+不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。

eg.I call see a few cakes and a little bread inthe fridge.我看到冰箱里有几块蛋糕和一些面包。

注意:quite a few表示“相当多”
eg.There are quite a few students over there.那儿有相当多的学生。

④some(+可数名词/不可数名词),any(+可数名词/不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。

eg.There are some birds in the tree.树上有些鸟。

There is some water in the bottle.瓶里有些水。

I don’t have any brothers Of sisters.我没有
Is there any tea in the cup?杯子里有茶吗?
⑤some一般用于肯定句,但在表示请求、建议。

反问等的疑问句中,多用some.
eg: Would you like some beer?你要不要来点啤酒吗?
Why didn’t you buy some sweets?(You should have bought……)你怎么没买点糖果?
⑥any一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句
eg.There isn’t any water left.没有剩下一点水。

If you have any questions, put up your hands.please.如果有问题,请举手。

⑦some+单数名词表示“某一个”,any+单数名词表示“随便哪一个”或“任何一个”。

eg.I’ll catch up with you some day有一天我会赶上你的。

Come any day you like.你哪天来都行。

Tom is taller than any other student in his class.汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。

④one ,other, others, the others ,another等的用法
1.○● one……the other
表示两个人或两件东西中的“一个…另一个”
eg.Mr Smith has two daughters.0ne is a teacher,the other is a nurse.
2....one……another
表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另—个”。

eg. I don’t want this One, please give me another.
3..one ……the others
强调在一定范围中的“一个”与“其余的”。

eg. In Our school One Of the teachers is American,the Others are Chinese.
4.○○○●●●● some…… the others
表示许多人或物,不在一定范围中的“一部分”与“其余的全部”。

eg.Some students are reading,the others are drawing pictures.
⑤others=other+名词;the others=the Other+名词。

eg.Some students like traveling,others(other students) like watching TV at home.
⑥another表示“再/又”时既可接单数名词,也可接数词+复数名词。

eg. He will be able to finish his work in another two hours.再过两个小时他就能完成他的工作。

(4)复合不定代词的用法
①复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

eg.Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门
②修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后,即定语后置。

eg.There is something important On today’s newspaper.今天的报纸有些重要新闻。

③复合不定代词变否定句时,要否定主语:
eg.Something is wrong.(变为否定句)
Something isn’t wrong.(错误)
Nothing is wrong.(正确)
④Somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句。

eg.There is something new in the park.公园里有些新的景点。

Do you have anything interesting to tell us?你有什么有趣的事要告诉我们吗?
⑤当somebody,someone等用于疑问句时,表示肯定、请求、建议或反问;anybody,anyone 等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。

eg.Is someone coming this afternoon?今天下午有客人来吗?
Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能犯错误。

数词
当hundred , thousand , million 与of连用时,后面要加s ,当用作单位时,不加s
如10000 ten thousand
Hundreds of
例:Yesterday _______ people watched the match.
A.thousand
B.thousand of
C.thousands of
课后练习:
( ) 1. This is my book. _______ are over there.
A. Your
B. Yours
C. You
D. mine
( ) 4. Whose radio is it? It’s _______.
A. her
B. hers
C. she
D. herself
( ) 5. The children heard _______ on the island.
A. something strange
B. anything strange
C. strange something
D. strange anything ( ) 6. I have three pens. One is red, _______ two are black.
A. another
B. other
C. the other
D. the others ( ) 7. There is _______ in today’s newspaper, is there?
A. something important
B. anything important
C. nothing important
D. important nothing
( ) 8. I asked Jim and Bob to my house for a meal, but _______ of them came.
A. both
B. nor
C. none
D. neither ( ) 9. The man has two sons, and _______ of them are strong. One is tall and _______ is short.
A. All, another
B. Neither, the other
C. Both, another
D. Both, the other ( ) 10. The man downstairs found _______ very difficult to get to sleep.
A. that
B. them
C. it
D. its
( ) 12. Mr. Smith is an old friend of _______.
A. I
B. me
C. my
D. mine
( ) 13. Tom is here and a friend of _______ is here, too.
A. his father
B. his father’s
C. he’s father
D. he father ( ) 14. Granny is ill and she doesn’t feel like _______.
A. to eat something
B. to eat anything
C. eating something
D. eating anything ( ) 16. He fell off the ladder but he didn’t hurt _______.
A. herself
B. his
C. him
D. himself ( ) 18. They are both good at English, but _______ of them is good at maths.
A. both
B. either
C. all
D. neither。

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