2013高考英语总复习5-2

必修五Unit 2The United Kingdom
(2010·山东高考)假设你
是新华中学的学生李华，你和
在上海上学的英国朋友Tom
约好下周末去北京旅游，但你
因故不能赴约。

请根据以下要
点用英语给他写一封电子邮
件：
1．表示歉意；
2．解释原因；
3．另约时间。

注意：1.词数120～150；
2．可适当增加细节。

_________________________
_________________________
______________________
_________________________
_________________________
______________________
_________________________
_________________________
______________________
_________________________
_________________________
______________________
_________________________
_________________________
______________________
_________________________
_________________________
______________________
【满分作文】
Dear Tom，
①I'm sorry，for I won't be
able to pay a visit to Beijing
next weekend with you.
Many friends of mine are
facing a coming English
exam，which is without doubt
important for them.②They are
looking forward to my giving
a hand to them and they
hope to get through the exam
successfully.As a result，I will
be busy helping them at that
time.③In addition，I will
attend a party which aims to
raise money for the people of
Yushu，who suffered greatly
from the big earthquake.
In a nutshell，I'm afraid I'll
have no time to accompany
you.④So I want to put off
our time of the visit until the
first weekend of next
month.Is it OK?
Looking forward to your early
reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
【高级词汇】
without doubt毫无疑问
get through通过
in addition 另外in a
nutshell总之
accompany 陪伴put off推
迟
【佳句变换】
1．As I can't afford the time to
accompany you to Beijing next
weekend，what a pity it is!
2．They are preparing for it，
hoping that I can help them
succeed in passing it.
3．Besides，I'll go to a party to
raise money for the people of
Yushu，as they suffered a lot in
the terrible earthquake.
4．Is it convenient for you if we
put off visiting Beijing until
the first weekend of next
month？
Ⅰ.词汇链条
1．________vt.澄清；阐明
2．________vt.完成；达到；实现
3．________prep.加上；和adj.加的；正的；零上的
4．________n．争吵；争论；吵架vi.争吵；吵架
5．________vt.折叠；对折
6．________vi.&vt.联合；团结________adj.团结的；联合的________n．联合；联盟；结合；协会
7．________n．便利；方便________adj.方便的
8．________vt.吸引；引起注意________n．吸引；吸引力________adj.有吸引力的9．________n．描写；描述________vt.描述；形容；描绘
10．________adj.配备好装备的；带家具的________vt.装备；(用家具等)布置(房间、公寓)；提供
11．________n．可能(性)________adj.可能的；合理的
12．________vt.筹备；安排；整理________n．布置；整理
13．________n．快乐；高兴、喜悦__________vt.使高兴；使欣喜________adj.高兴的；快乐的________adj.令人高兴的
答案 1.clarify 2.accomplish 3.plus 4.quarrel 5.fold 6．unite；united；union 7.convenience；convenient8.attract；attraction；attractive9.description；describe 10.furnished；furnish11.possibility；possible12.arrange；arrangement13.delight；delight；delighted；delightful
语境助记——词不离句，句不离段
The sightseeing is delightful，enjoyable，and even thrilling.The attraction of the splendid statues there is beyond description.
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．____________由……组成
2．____________把……分成
3．____________挣脱(束缚)；脱离
4．____________为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
5．____________省去；遗漏；不考虑
6．____________代替
7．break down____________
8．refer to ____________
9．make a list of____________
10．on special occasion____________
11．feel proud of____________
12．break up____________
答案 1.consist of 2.divide...into 3.break away(from)
4．to one's credit 5.leave out 6.take the place of7.(机器)损坏；破坏8.谈到，说到；参考；涉及9.把……列出清单10.在特殊场合11.对……感到骄傲12.放假Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Now when people refer to England you ________ as well.
现在当人们说到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士也包括在其中。

2．________the time available，Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张清单。

3．________the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。

4．________the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
十九世纪建的工业城市不能吸引游客，真是遗憾。

5．It looked splendid________！
刚建成时，它(圣保罗大教堂)看起来真是金碧辉煌！
答案 1.find Wales included 2.Worried about 3.It seemed strange that 4.It is a pity that 5.when first built
Ⅳ.短文填空
New Zealand is only a young country and __1__very far away from China.From the southern parts of China，it__2__more than 9,000 kilometres across Southeast Asia to__3__New
Zealand.__4__the fact that New Zealand is so far away，ties have existed__5__the two nations from early on.The first wave of Chinese settlers__6__around the middle of the nineteenth century.Most of them came from southern China.They came to try their__7__to find gold.Gold was discovered in New Zealand in the 1850s.This__8__many pioneers who hoped to become rich through the gold business.
答案 1.lies 2.takes 3.reach 4.Despite 5.between 6.arrived7.luck 8.attracted
attract vt.吸引；引起
attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意
attract sb to sth_吸引某人关注某事
attraction n．[U]吸引力[C]有吸引力的地方或人
(1)I had always been_attracted_by the idea of working abroad.我总是向往去国外工作。

[牛津]
(2)What first attracted me to her was her sense of humour.她首先吸引我的是她的幽默感。

[牛津]
直通高考——看看高考怎么考
(1)Companies that promise more will naturally ________ more customers.(2011·浙江·阅读理解C)
答案attract
(2)Its work makes schools and public places ________，and its citizens very proud.(2011·全国Ⅱ·阅读理解A)
答案attractive
arrange v．整理；安排；布置
arrange sth安排、布置、整理……
arrange to do sth安排做某事
arrange that sb(should) do sth安排做……
arrange for sb to do sth安排某人做某事
arrangement n．安排
(1)I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged_for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.
(2)We still have to arrange how to get home.
我们仍得安排好如何回家。

[朗文]
直通高考——看看高考怎么考
(1)Besides，stronger ________(arrange) of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development.(2011·广东卷·阅读理解D)
(2)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or________it is convenient to you.(2011·江西卷，29)
A．whenever B．however
C．whichever D．wherever
答案(1)arrangement(2)A
influence v．& n．影响；有影响的人或事
have an influence on sth 对……有影响
have influence over/ with...对……有影响力
under the influence of 受……的影响；由于……的作用
influence sb to do sth 影响某人做某事
(1)His parents no longer have_any_real_influence_over him.
他的父母对他不再有任何真正的约束力了。

[牛津]
(2)What influenced you to take up nursing?
什么影响你去从事保育员工作的？[朗文]
直通高考——看看高考怎么考
(1)It seems reasonable to suppose that，in the real world，the opinions of such powerful people still ________ the journalists and editors who work for them.(2011·上海·六选五) 答案influence
(2)The growth may also ________by the significant increase in atmospheric CO2，he said.(2010·上海·完形填空)
答案be influenced
delight vt.& n．快乐(不可数)；令人快乐的事情(可数)；使愉快；以做某事为乐to one's delight使某人感到高兴的
take delight in doing sth 以做某事为乐
delight in doing sth 以做某事为乐
delight sb使某人愉快
be delighted at sth对某事感到愉快
be delighted to_do sth高兴做某事
(1)To_our_great_delight，the day turned out fine.
我们感到高兴的是天气转晴了。

[牛津]
(2)Chris takes great delight in teasing his sister.
克里斯的极大乐趣是取笑他的妹妹。

[朗文]
直通高考——看看高考怎么考
(1)Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner，the restaurant still attracts all customers especially those experienced in the ________ of Middle Eastern cooking.(2011·湖南卷·Reading Comprehension，Passage A)
答案delights
(2)Aiming for customer ________ is all very well，but if services do not reach the high level promised，disappointment or worse will be the result.(2011·浙江卷·阅读理解C) 答案delight
写作句组——满分作文之佳句
a．About three years ago I was delighted to learn that Baiyun gave birth to her daughter Sulin.(全国Ⅱ)
b．It's a great pleasure for me to be here today.(2010·江苏)
c．Today I'm glad to have the chance to talk about our English club.(2010·湖南)
break down (机器)坏了，(身体)垮了；(计划)失败；(谈判/谈话等)中断break out(火灾、战争等)突然发生；爆发
break into(及物动词短语)突然闯入；突然发出
(＝burst into)
break in(不及物动词短语)强行闯入；打岔
break away逃脱；从……脱离；与……断绝关系(和from连用)
break through突破障碍；(太阳、月亮)自云间显现
break up 破碎，破坏，解散，结束
(1)Her health broke_down under the pressure of work.
工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。

[牛津]
(2)The printing machines are always breaking down.
打印机老出毛病。

[朗文]
直通高考——看看高考怎么考
(1)Half an hour later，a nurse called me.“Mr.McMahon's daughter __________－she said you told her he had cancer.”(2011·湖北卷·阅读理解B)
答案broke down
(2)When something goes wrong，it can be very satisfying to say，“Well，it's so-and-so's fault.” or “I know I'm late，but it's not my fault；the car ________.”(2010·广东卷·阅读理解B)
答案broke down
as well as也；还
as well/as well as
辨析
两个短语都有“也、还”的意思，但用法有区别。

as well 要放在被强调的词语之后。

as well as 介词短语，强调的是as well as 前面的词语。

(1)She is a talented musician as_well_as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。

[牛津]
(2)Why don't you come along as well?
你为什么不也来？[朗文]
直通高考——看看高考怎么考
(1)You will be allowed to make your decision，and to design courses ________ present them.(2011·新课标卷·阅读理解D)
答案as well as
(2)Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources(来源)，________ one of the oldest.(2011·安徽卷·阅读理解B)
答案as well as
consist of由……组成
consist of...由……组成，不使用被动语态。

consist in在于；存在于(不用于进行时态)
consist of/make up/be made up of
辨析
consist of，make up，be made up of这三个词语都有“组成”的意思，但在使用上有所不同。

consist of表示“……组成……”的意思，不使用被动语态。

相当于include的意思。

make up “……组成……”，为主动形式，表示“部分组成一个整体”的意思。

另外还有“化妆；编造；占……(比例)”的意思。

注意take up也有“占……”的意思，但指的是“某样东西占据空间”。

be made up of……由……组成，这里为被动形式，表示“一个整体是有几个部分组成的”意思。

(1)The committee consists_of ten members.
委员会由十人组成。

[牛津]
(2)Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.幸福不在于你拥有多少财产。

[朗文]
直通高考——看看高考怎么考
(1)Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally ________ fruit juice，cereal(谷物类食品)，bread and tea or coffee.(2011·天津卷·阅读理解A) 答案consists of
(2)It ________ three parts.(2010·山东卷·阅读理解C)
答案consists of
It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事，这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。

在It＋be＋adj./n.(necessary，strange，a pity，a shame...) ＋that...句型中，that所引导的主语从句的谓语动词常使用“should ＋动词原形”，should可省略。

强调过去的情况时，用should have done形式。

should have done 还可以表示“本来应该做某事，但实际却未做”的意思。

(1)We should_have_bought a new lock for the front door.
我们本该买把新锁安在前门上。

[牛津]
(2)It's a shame that you have to leave so soon.
真遗憾，你这么快就得走。

[朗文]
直通高考——看看高考怎么考
(1)Such one-sided views should have immediately ________(challenge)．(2011·重庆卷·阅读理解E)
答案been challenged
(2)We________last night，but we went to the concert instead.(2011·辽宁卷，例题)
A．must have studied B．might study
C．should have studied D．would study
答案 C
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．The students were puzzled with the problem，but the teacher's explanation________(澄清)it.
2．If they want to________(完成)all that in two days，they'll have to work day and night.
3．The________(冲突)between the employer and the employees led to a strike last week.
4．Call me when you arrive at the airport.I'll________(安排)for a car to pick you up.
5．The staff at the hotel spared no effort to ensure that our stay would be________(令人愉快的)．
6．The couple often________(吵架)，which annoyed their neighbors.
7．He was________(不乐意)to face the fact that he had lost，and left without a word.
8．After writing the letter，he________(折叠)it，and put it into an envelope.
答案 1.clarified 2.accomplish 3.conflict 4.arrange 5．enjoyable 6.quarreled
7.unwilling8.folded
Ⅱ.短语识境
consist of；divide into；leave out；take the place of；break down；in memory of；have an influence on
1．This word is wrongly spelt.You have________ a letter.
2．The professor has suddenly fallen ill.Who can ________ him to give the lecture?
3．The Roman Empire ________ in 476 AD.
4．The museum was built ________ the great writer—Lu Xun.
5．The country ________ nearly 200 islands.
6．The cake ________ four parts for us to share.
7．My teacher ________me.Without his instruction，I doubt if I could be so successful.
答案 1.left out 2.take the place of 3.broke down 4.in memory of 5.consists of
6.is divided into
7.has an influence on
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．被大自然的美所吸引，来自伦敦的小女孩决定再在农场住两天。

(attract)
________________________________________________________________________ 2．只要你方便，随时可以过来看我。

(convenient)
________________________________________________________________________ 3．父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。

(arrange)
________________________________________________________________________ 4．幸福不在于你拥有多少金钱。

(consist in)
________________________________________________________________________ 5．之后他的身体累垮了，得去国外休一段长假。

(break down)
________________________________________________________________________ 答案 1.Attracted by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
2．Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.
3．It's not necessary for parents to arrange everything for their children.
4．Happiness does not consist in how much money you have.
5．Then his health broke down，and he had to take a long holiday abroad.
【题型解读】
提纲式作文为考生提供了题目和简单的写作提纲，从而将考生的写作控制在一定范围内。

这类作文考查的内容一般包括：说明主题、分析原因或解释做法。

作文题目中会提供：(1)标题；(2)提纲；(3)起始句。

标题体现短文的基本发展方向，提纲规定短文的基本框架，起始句则提供短文的起点。

提纲式作文要点简单，涉及面广，各要点之间既有相对独立性又有相互的内在连贯性。

因此，考生在写作时，应围绕提纲的中心和内容展开段落，不能偏离，也不能任意增减。

【应对策略】
在提纲作文的写作过程中，考生应掌握以下写作技巧：
1．细读提纲
认真审题和分析所给出的提纲，认清题目与提纲之间的关系，从而确定文章主题、大致内容以及文体。

2．归纳主题
每一个要点可以作为文章的一个段落层次。

值得注意的是，提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。

考生需要根据其性质，写出完整的、符合其主旨的句子，使其成为主题句，然后围绕主题句进行段落扩展。

主题句结构要完整，即结构应符合语法规则；意义要完整，即主题句应符合逻辑思维顺序。

另外，主题句要明确具体，简明达意，以利于段落的展开。

3．展写段落
段落写作应围绕自己列好的主题句进行，用平日收集到的材料支持主题句。

材料可以是例证、名人名言、自身经历等。

值得注意的是，所选材料应紧扣文章主题，同时要具有典型性和说服力。

在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个段落之间的衔接性和连贯性。

4．检查改正
检查文章内容是否与提纲相符并已完全准确地表达了提纲大意，如有偏差，应做出相应的修改；检查文章是否有错别字、语法错误等。

【考题示例】
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。

请你根据下列要点写封回信。

要点：1.参加中文学习班；
2．看中文书刊、电视；
3．学唱中文歌曲；
4．交中国朋友。

注意：1.词数120左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已为你写好。

Dear Peter，
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 第一档：满分作文
点评作者使用祈使句、情态动词等来表达建议，同时还熟练使用了定语从句、状语从句。

该文内容完整，要点齐全。

在行文上面，上下文过渡自然。

where引导的定语从句，who 引导的定语从句以及which一句的非限制性定语从句，大大丰富了文章句式。

第三档：(15分)
点评该文语言质朴，简洁明了。

但句式太单一，表达不够准确。

文中出现了一些错误，①处表达错误；②处应为复数；③处表述不清；④改为study较好。

【实战演练】
随着高考的临近，部分高三住校生要求搬出学生宿舍，在学校附近租房子。

针对这种现象，各方反应不一。

请根据下面提示，一分为二地写一篇短文，说说两者各自的好处与弊端，并发表你的观点。

1．学习时间和效果；
2．安全性；
3．自由性；
4．与同学交往。

注意：1.两方面的理由至少要有两条；
2．词数：120左右。

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】
Nowadays，some students would not like to live in a dormitory.Instead，they rent houses outside the school.
There are advantages for both.Living in a dormitory can increase the friendship and cooperation with roommates.And，of course，it is safer.A dormitory is more like a small society，which enables students to learn to adapt to each other，and prepare for the social life later.As for renting houses to live alone，it's better for study as you can feel free in your own room without being interrupted by others.
As a result，you can have more time to devote yourself to studying whole-heartedly.But there may appear some safety problems as you live outside of the school.
Anyhow，as a student，I prefer living in a dormitory.。