59 The Audacity of Hope
英语文章11篇
1. The connotation of the American DreamThe so-called American Dream has the broad and narrow sense, broad sense refers to the symbolic beauty of the American Dream. the Statue of Liberty Equality country, freedom, and democracy is a narrow believe that in the United States through the efforts of unremitting struggle You will be able to get a better life for you, that is, people must through their own hard work, courage, creativity, and determination to move towards prosperity, rather than rely on specific social class and the assistance of others. Usually this represents success or entrepreneurial spirit of the people in the economy. Many European immigrants hold over the American dream to the United States.in September 16, 1620, "Mayflower" carrying 102 passengers from the United Kingdom to the North American Air Plymouth MaoSiqi create colonies. November 11 that year, "Mayflower" in the United States today anchored in Provincetown, Massachusetts, developed under the auspices of the Puritans on board "" Mayflower "the Convention", signed 41 free adult man on the Convention, then ship to sail, on December 21 reached colonial settlements, which is today Plymouth, Massachusetts. These colonists based on “Mayflower”, “Convention" set up "citizen-government", the provisions of the Convention: "In order to better manage, maintain and develop the local government, in the future, the public interest at any time to develop and fulfill the just laws decrees and administrative, we ensure compliance and obedience. "2.The Origins of the American Dream Historythe "Great significance" Mayflower "Convention" that it laid the foundation for the rule of law in the United States, outlines the general framework legislation. People have not come ashore, we first agreed to build a rule of law in North America rather than the rule of man's social system, according to the will of the majority of the people rather than a few rulers or the will power to manage society. "" Mayflower "Convention" contribution to human civilization can be par 1215, Britain's "Great Charter," 1776 US "Declaration of Independence" and the 1789 French "Declaration of Human Rights." American scholars generally believe that "Declaration of Independence" is the foundation of the American dream, Statue of Liberty is a symbol of the American dream. "All men are created equal, endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." This sentence has attracted men and women from around the world came to the United States to achieve their dreams. Various laws after "Declaration of Independence" as the Constitution established the American Dream has provided a guarantee rule of law, to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to realize their dreams, a country without a good system, no matter how personal the dream difficult to realize.In American history, Benjamin Franklin, Mark Twain and countless other politicians, social activists, writers used the "American dream" word. Obama 2008 presidential campaign, one of his best-selling book "The Audacity of Hope: a reaffirmation of the American Dream," inspired many Americans, earned him a lot of votes.3. The Characteristics of the American dream.All kinds of individual American dream dreams pregnant with universality, that is, no matter how you came from, no matter what your background, if you work hard you can achieve your dreams. It is like the American writer Thomas Wolfe (Thomas Wolfe, 1900-1938) American dream explained: "No one, regardless of how he was born, no matter what kind of society he has status, but no matter what he has blessed opportunities . he's right to exist, the right to work, the rightto live from me, have the right according to their own innate and acquired conditions to become the person you want to be. "American Dream of spiritual pursuit far better than the pursuit of material. American historian James Tel Slobodan Adams (James Truslow Adams, 1878-1949) in the "American Epic" (Epic of America) wrote: "The American Dream is far more than substance category, the American dream is to allow individuals to . fully developed, self-realization, "he said:" the American dream is not a car, not a high salary, but a social order, in this order, and all men and women can achieve the maximum that can be achieved on the basis of their quality achievement and social recognition, regardless of his (her) birth, social background and social status.In summary, despite everyone's dream is different, but the American dream in common is the "democracy, freedom and human rights." "Democracy" is a political system, it is the American dream of soil; a country that does not have a good system, that nation can only do "Daydream", any good dream difficult to achieve.4. The way to achieve the American dream."Freedom" is to achieve the American dream the way, reflects the American dream of respect for the individual citizen as well as "people-oriented," the governing ideas; everyone can have their own dreams, you can use your favorite way to realize their dreams; no freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of procession, of demonstration, freedom to strike, freedom of religion, freedom of communication these freedoms, it is cut off by the dream of a bridge leading to a dream come true. "Human rights" is the American dream content, which includes the right to life, the right to education, the right to work, freedom of movement, the right to vote and to be elected and the right to criticize the government and the pursuit of happiness and the like.Of course, the American Dream is not static, nor is it perfect. Although the United States declared its independence in 1776, but until 1865 was the abolition of slavery until 1870 expressly granted black men the right to vote until 1920 before a predetermined state shall deprive women of the right to vote. At any time of the passage of time, as human self-awareness continues to improve, with the progress of human civilization, people pursue lifestyles and social patterns are changing.Just as the Famous black American civil rights activist Martin Luther King in the speech "I Have a Dream" which revealed the true meaning of the American dream: the American dream in the constitution, the American dream is the implementation of the Constitution, if not formulated constitution implementation , then desecrated the dignity of the Constitution.5. The meaning of social status.Usually it refers to members of the community-based differences in social property, and in social relationships and their relative positions around the rights and obligations of this position is formed.From a sociological theory, the so-called social status refers to any social position have the rights and obligations from the social point of view provides, whether this position is high or low social status of an individual in the system of social relations in which the position, whether this position is a natural formation or the formation of social division of labor needs. Employment is of course an important aspect of social status, social status but not mean employment, social status refers to a person in which the social life position, role and contribution to society. Indeed,to get social status, they must participate in social life, but there are paid to participate in social life and where people are free to participate in two social network location. Usually arranged according to social wealth, prestige, or power level of education and the amount taken. Relations of production is the foundation of all social relations, in a class society, the relations of production determined by the person's class status is a basic human social status. Everyone form a variety of social relations in certain society, they are likely to get a variety of social status. According to different criteria, we can put people's social status is divided into different grades sequences, such as class status, and political stat.6. The characteristics of social status.These social status staggered between each other, it is largely the same, generally can be summarized as ascribed status and is eligible for two types of self-position. The former refers to the innate fixed position, such as hereditary nobility, hereditary slavery, Father and Son and the like. The latter refers to the status acquired through efforts to obtain, such as professors, engineers, factory directors. Sociology attaches great importance to the status of the relationship between a variety of studies. The first is consistent with studies on the status and position contrary. Status means more consistent with the status of individuals have are now at roughly the same level, such as a person both high class status, educational status, occupational status. Social mobility and less hierarchical society, status consistency is strong. Position inconsistent contrary to personal status means a hierarchy of situations in different areas, such as a lower-class status have received a higher education status. Socio-economic status and social prestige status also have inconsistencies. Sociology is also very concerned about the problem of primacy, which refers to a person under circumstances unite inconsistent position, there is one of the most prominent position dominates other status, which determines the level of his overall position. In modern society, professional activities are often one of the most important activities of the main people to pay attention, so it is generally primacy.7. The meaning of social wealth.Social wealth means that workers in the production process created by having people use value of the product of labor; means of production into the community, areas of life has value and valuable substances. Social wealth, including natural resources, labor and product technology products and other forms of knowledge. Use value and value are two fundamental attributes of social wealth.The Meaning of wealth is related to economics. About Wealth economics, there are a variety of names, some call it material wealth, it was called natural wealth, it was called artificial wealth, was also known as wealth; explicitly wealth economics Marx called social wealth. The earliest definition of wealth to Xenophon possession useful to think of the good things, such as horses, sheep, land, and so is wealth. Obviously, this is only the wealth attributed to the use value. After Aristotle more clearly pointed out: "The real wealth is constituted by a useful value." He also said: “wealth is rich material which belongs to the family and the country's processed."8. The different categories of social wealth.In feudal society, the reality-based natural economy, people still insist on causing material wealth is the wealth of view. With commodity currencies economic development, capital relations also began to grow. Due to the large development of foreign trade generated mercantilist school, do not agree with the use value is the wealth of the traditional view that wealth is constituted by the currency or gold and silver. This is clearly understood as the exchangevalue wealth. Late mercantilists proposed dualistic concept of wealth, wealth that is considered both a man of wealth, but also natural wealth. As the seventeenth century Britain Thomas Meng said, the development of foreign trade, and strive to surplus, to make earn "human wealth" "was in the form of cash back to the country." At the same time he said: "Money is the life that trade" argument is wrong, not only because "the world has only a small amount of money in circulation when, had been large-scale trade exchange or replacement of the goods." Britain, France and later mercantilists as Mengkelieqin, also "on the one hand that monetary wealth. on the other hand, he said the country was not rich enough gold and silver, but it was the necessities of life .9.The Physiocrats view of social wealthWith the development of capitalism and the emergence of the Physiocrats, firmly opposed to merely exchange value understood as wealth, and wealth should put great emphasis on use value. They believe that the consumption of non-monetary gold and silver is not real wealth, can only consume pure agricultural products is the real wealth. As Physiocrats Quesnay wrote: "A nation's wealth is not determined by the total amount of monetary wealth"; "wealth is the source of human subsistence." Said: "As a commodity crop of view, is a combination of monetary wealth and physical wealth." Further development of classical economics, but also abandoned the physiocrats view. Its master of Adam Smith, the wealth that is only understood as the value of social wealth, and that is understood as the use-value material wealth. The so-called material wealth, he was referring to enjoy life for the "necessities, conveniences and entertainment products," or is the product of years of productive sectors. Smith's views on wealth have clearly dualistic nature. After the completion of classical economics by Ricardo and Say around Smith's definition of wealth dispute, split on one end of dualism. Say assertion that Smith believed that wealth is only "by the constitution or the value of material objects and not by itself constitute a material object," and asserts that "wealth and value proportional are the same to." Although he insisted Smith's definition of social wealth, it does not agree with Smith's labor theory of value.10. The meaning of the middle class.Generally refers to the middle class economic status, political and social status of cultural point of view, they were in the middle stage of the level of society, which is a seemingly clear, but in reality vague definition. The middle class (or middle class), refers to people of low levels of "physiological needs and security needs" are met, and moderate levels of "emotional needs and esteem needs" has been well met, but not the pursuit of high-level " self-actualization needs "class (or classes); Because the family is the cell of society, and most people's wealth is owned by the family as a unit, so the middle class consists of" middle-class families "component.The Middle class, mostly engaged in mental, physical or technology base, mainly by wages and salaries to make a living, generally well-educated, professional knowledge and strong professional capability and the corresponding family spending power; have some free time, the pursuit of life the quality of its work, the work of the object generally has a certain power and control over the management. At the same time, most of them have good citizenship, civic awareness and appropriate training. In other words, the economic status, political and social status of cultural point of view, they were in the middle stage the level of society.11. The meaning and characteristics of class.The social class is developed to a certain stage of production, namely, the production has been developed yet underdeveloped product. The nature of the class is that it is specific to therelations of production and linked, on the status of the economy in different social groups or community groups. The class is divided into different positions and different relationships forged by people who live in a specific socio-economic structure of the decision. Divided according to the number of people owning property: by the rich class, middle class and poor class composition. After being diluted class theory, Chinese social circles with social class instead of class this term.Class features: class is an economic category. Class is an economic category, the first refers to the class of human society is a certain community of social production system formed in the possession of relations of production is the most essential characteristics of the class, the rest of the features are derived from this essential feature , this is the inherent nature of class prescriptive.Class is a historical category. Human society is not never had class, "the existence of classes is only a certain historical stage of development of production linked" with the productivity of both the development of certain development but not fully appropriate to the circumstances.。
上海英语中考模拟卷第十一套及答案
Part 1 vocabulary and grammar(第一部分词汇和语法) I. Choose the best answer.(选择最恰当的答案)（15*1分）( )1. Please read every sentence carefully. you are, mistakes you’ll make.A. The more carefully, the fewerB. The more careful, the lessC. The more carefully, the lessD. The more careful, the fewer( )2. — ______ hard work you have done!—t’s very kind of you to say so.A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a( )3. — When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?—____ is OK. I’m free these days.A. BothB. AllC. EitherD. Neither ( )4. Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby ______.A. to stop cryingB. stop cryingC. to stop to cryD. stop to cry ( )5. —What are on show in the museum?— Some photos _____by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.A. have been takenB. were takenC. are takenD. taken( )6. You shouldn’t ______ your hope. Everything will be better.A. give upB. fix upC. cheer upD. put up( )7. How much does the ticket ______ from Shanghai to Beijing?A. costB. tookC. spendD. pay( )8.They were all so tired that they could ______.A. do nothing but sleepB. do anything but sleepC. do nothing but to sleepD. do anything but to sleep( )9. — Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike?—I’d like to go ______.A. nowhere interestingB. interesting anywhereC. somewhere interestingD. interesting somewhere( )10. —He didn’t go to the lecture this morning, did he?— ______. Though he was not feeling very well.A. No, he didn’t.B. Yes, he did.C. No, he did.D. Yes, he didn’t. ( )11. In the past few years there ______ great changes in my hometown.A. have beenB. wereC. had beenD. are( )12. We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide ______.A. to live, to choose which oneB. lived, choose which oneC. to live in, which one to chooseD. live, which one( )13. Many Chinese students think science subjects are ______ foreign languages.A. more difficult asB. less difficult thanC. much difficult thanD. so difficult as ( )14.—Have you found the information about the famous people you can use for the report?—Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.A. whoB. whatC. whomD. which( )15. — Tommy, do you know if Frank _____ to the theatre with us this Sunday if it ______?—Sorry, I have no idea.A. will go, is fineB. goes, is fineC. will go, is going to be fineD. goes, will be fine( )16. We have ______ up early in order to catch the early bus.A. used to getB. been used to getC. used for gettingD. been used to getting ( )17. I think ______ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam ______ easy.A. three fourths, isB. third four, areC. three fourths, areD. three fourth, are ( )18. — May we leave the classroom now?— No, you ______. You ______ to leave until the bell rings.A. mustn’t, are allowedB. don’t have to, are supposedC. needn’t, aren’t allowedD. can’t, aren’t supposed( )19. The plane ______ when we got to the airport.A. had taken offB. was taken offC. will take offD. is taking off ( )20. —I hear Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.— ______ , and ______.A. So he did, so did IB. So did he, so I didC. So he was, so was ID. So was he, so I wasplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box.Each word can only be used once.(选择最恰当的单词或词组完成短文。
奥巴马最经典十首英文演讲
奥巴马最经典十首英文演讲Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, is renowned for his oratory skills and has delivered many memorable speeches throughout his political career. Here are ten of his most classic English speeches:1. "A More Perfect Union" (2008) - Addressing racial tensions during his presidential campaign, Obama called for unity and a deeper understanding of America's racial history.2. Democratic National Convention Keynote (2004) - As a young senator, Obama delivered an inspiring speech that catapulted him into the national spotlight, emphasizing the importance of unity and shared values.3. Eulogy for the Charleston Church Shooting Victims (2015) - After the tragic shooting at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Obama's speech was a powerfulcall for love and forgiveness.4. "The Audacity of Hope" (2006) - The title of his second book, this speech from the 2006 National Press Club Luncheon outlined his vision for a hopeful and inclusive America.5. "A New Season of Service" (2009) - In his firstFather's Day speech as President, Obama emphasized the importance of service and civic engagement.6. "The Future of Our Children" (2010) - Addressing education reform, Obama called for a commitment to improving schools and opportunities for all children.7. "Change We Can Believe In" (2008) - A central theme of his presidential campaign, this speech highlighted the need for change and the potential of the American people.8. "A Call to Renewal" (2006) - At the Call to Renewal conference, Obama discussed the role of faith in politics and the importance of social justice.9. "The State of Our Union" (2012) - In this State of the Union address, Obama outlined his vision for a strong and prosperous America.10. "Farewell Address" (2017) - As he prepared to leave office, Obama reflected on his presidency, the progress made, and the challenges that lay ahead for the country.Each of these speeches showcases Obama's eloquence and his ability to connect with audiences on a deeply emotional level, inspiring hope and action in the face of adversity.。
十大经典英文励志演讲稿
In the presence of great forces arrayed against me, I have not weakened the courage of my spirit. I have never faltered in the face of adversity.I have never allowed the fear of failure to deter me from my path. Forit is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, who comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory nor defeat.2. "I Have a Dream" - Martin Luther King Jr.---I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in anation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children willone day live in a world where all people will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God almighty, we are free at last!"3. "You Have the Power to Change the World" - Jane GoodallYou have the power to change the world. I see it every day in the young people I meet, all over the world. You have the power to change the world, to be the change you want to see. It is not just about what you can do, but what you can inspire others to do. It is not just about what you can achieve, but what you can help others achieve. We need your energy, your creativity, your vision. We need you to be the leaders of the future. You have the power to make a difference. You have the power to change the world.4. "We Shall Overcome" - Martin Luther King Jr.---We shall overcome, because the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice. We shall overcome, because love is the only force capable of transforming an enemy into a friend. We shall overcome, because justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like anever-flowing stream. We shall overcome, because we have the strength of millions of people standing together, united in our cause. We shall overcome, because we have the power of truth on our side. We shall overcome, because we have the power of love in our hearts. We shall overcome, because we have the power of history on our side. We shall overcome.5. "I Will Not Yield" - Susan B. Anthony---I will not be a party to the destruction of my sex. I will not be aparty to the subjugation of one-fifth of the people of this country. I will not be a party to the disfranchisement of one-tenth of the population. I will not be a party to the ignoring of the rights of women.I will not yield. I will not be deterred. I will not be silenced. I will continue to speak out for the rights of women, for the equality of all human beings, and for the betterment of society. For I believe that in the end, justice will prevail, and the rights of all will be recognized and protected.6. "The Power of One" - Archbishop Desmond Tutu---The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. Each one of us is a link in the chain of humanity. Each one of us has the power to make a difference. It is not because of what we have, but because of what we can do, that we are truly rich. The power of one is the power of the individual to make a difference. The power of one is the power of the individual to change the world. We must all work together to create a better world, a world where all people can live in peace and harmony, a world where all people can realize theirfull potential.7. "The Audacity of Hope" - Barack Obama---The future is not a gift. It is an opportunity and it is an opportunity for all of us to shape the world in which we live. We have the power to make it a better place. We have the audacity to hope that we can change the world for the better. We have the audacity to believe that together we can solve the problems that confront us. We have the audacity to believe that we can build a more perfect union. We have the audacity to believe that out of many, we are one. We have the audacity to believethat this nation is great enough to handle the truth and that thisnation is good enough to be true.8. "As We Move Forward" - Nelson Mandela---As we move forward, let us never forget that justice is what love looks like in public. Let us remember that the true measure of our progress is not merely the height of our buildings or the size of our bank accounts, but the extent to which our fellow human beings can rise to the bestthat is in themselves. Let us continue to build bridges of understanding, to break down walls of division, and to work together to create a world that is just, peaceful, and prosperous for all.9. "The Greatest Salesman in the World" - Og Mandino---I will live this day as if it is my last. I will remember that life is given to me, not to be taken for granted. I will learn to live each moment as it comes. I will not waste my days in expectation of a future that may never come. I will live for today, for tomorrow is in God's hands. I will be grateful for the love and friendship of those around me.I will not allow the bitterness of the past to control my future. I will be kind to all, for I know that kindness is the only way to break the cycle of hate. I will be patient with myself, for I am a human being,not a human doing. I will make the best of today, for I know that today is all I have.10. "The Pursuit of Happyness" - Chris Gardner---You have to be able to take the blows, the setbacks, the bad times, and still have the strength to keep moving forward. I have learned that you have to be willing to work harder than anyone else, and to be willing to take the risks that others are afraid to take. You have to be willing to fail, and to fail over and over again, until you finally succeed. But most importantly, you have to believe in yourself, and you have to believe that you can achieve your dreams. Because if you believe in yourself, and you are willing to work hard, then you will find a way to make your dreams come true. The pursuit of happiness is not just a dream; it is a journey, and it is one that we all have the power to undertake.。
高级口译笔记法
大家学习网
= for equals - for minus # for number x for times > for greater than, more, larger < for less than, smaller, fewer than w/ for with w/o for without w/in for within ----> for leads to, produces, results in <---- for comes from / for per
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2009 温家宝总理政府工作报告 双语：奥巴马胜选演讲全文 世界 500 强企业名称中英对照 中文新闻词汇英译法 Barack Obama: the Audacity of Hope 无畏的希望 【每日一句时事流行语汉译英】最高院驳回死刑 [原创]我个人收集的翻译资料大汇总（精华）有图为证 文化汉译：丹麦婚礼(英汉对照) [下载]诗歌英译：《再别康桥》《赠汪伦》《静夜思》等 考考你：和“脚”有关的所有习惯用语 [推荐]商店说法集锦（考考你） [下载]北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记（近 10 万字） [下载]美联社对四川地震报道用词精析 [下载]地震安全手册(中英文对照) [下载]从外电报道学记关键地震用语 [下载]《通过翻译学英语》全书PDF【地址已修复，请没下载成功的网友删除后 重新下载 [下载]口译分类词汇词汇与词组大全 [下载]《汉英口译实践》（作者：梅德明）电子版
牛津上海版英语九年级第一学期Unit5单元测试卷
牛津上海版英语九年级第一学期Unit5单元测试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．A crowd gathered outside the hotel. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A．/'gɑːðəd/B．/'gæðəd/C．/'geiðəd/D．/'geðəd/ 2．Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others? A．We help people through the Red Cross.B．Her job was to help wounded soldiers.C．He was careful not to touch the blood.D．He added some flour to thicken the soup.3．Success is connected ________ hard work.A．with B．to C．for D．from4．I know the number to open the ________.A．save B．safe C．safely D．safety 5．You'd better ________ memory by making a picture in your mind.A．lay B．put C．improve D．look6．I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be ________ new star in NBA．A．hot B．hotter C．hottest D．the hottest 7．I was born ________ April 6, 1980.A．on B．from C．at D．in8．You should practice ________ English every day.A．to speak B．speaking C．spoke D．speak 9．Will you go to the Great Wall if it ________ tomorrow?A．rain B．doesn't rain C．not rain D．won't rain 10．Her job is ________.A．to keep the school clean B．keep the school cleanC．kept the school clean D．keeps the school clean11．What shall we do ________ it rains tomorrow?A．if B．while C．since D．and12．________, we must get to school on time.A．More importantly B．ImportantC．More important D．Importantly13．They have ________ some money for the poor.A．raise B．rise C．risen D．raised 14．Eddie tried many different jobs. ________ he became a milkman.A．At the end B．In the endC．By the end D．On the end15．Water is very necessary for life. The underlined part means ________.A．important B．essential C．dangerous D．special 16．He didn't realize what was going on until everyone shouted "Happy birthday" to him. The underlined part means ________.A．remember B．dream C．mean D．understand 17．—You look pretty in this red skirt.—________A．No. B．You are right.C．Where do you mean? D．Thank you.18．—Yes, sir. Thank you for your patience.—________A．All right. B．That' all right.C．That's right. D．Don't say that.19．The movie star is afraid that she will be recognized as she ________ at the airport. A．arrives B．arrived C．will arrive D．arrive20．________ interesting the film we saw last night is!A．How B．What C．What a D．What an二、用单词的正确形式完成短文We do not know when people invented wheels. But once it was invented, knowledge of the wheel ______ quickly across the world. It is easy to move things with wheels. The first example of wheels dated from about 3,500 to 3,000 BC． The cart or wagon was the first vehicle which had wheels. At that time, they were pulled by humans or animals. Today, thereare still carts drawn by animals in many countries. These carts are mainly used to move things or ______ people. Around 2,000 BC, the chariot（双轮敞蓬马车）appeared. It moved even faster than the cart, so it soon became an important ______ in the war and later was introduced to other ancient countries, such as Egypt, Persia, Greece and Rome.The invention of wheels is very important to the ______ of new transportations. Without wheels, the invention of bicycles, motorcycle, cars, trains, and planes may not be possible. 21．________22．________23．________24．________TransportationTransportation means the movement of people and goods from one place to another. In history, the economy and power of a country are closely related to the efficient methods of transportation. By transportation we can get access to natural resources and promote trade. It will make a country richer and more ______. The movement of soldiers, equipment and supplies can also be realized by transportation. It is very important to a country ______ when the war broke out.Transportation systems and the routes they use have greatly influenced both how and where people live. Good transportation can help people lead a comfortable life in remote areas ______ factories.Transportation is very important to a nation's ______. Countries are trying to reduce the costs of transporting natural resources to production sits and moving finished goods to markets. It is one of the key factors in economic competition. The transportation industry is the largest industry in the world.25．________26．________27．________28．________三、用所给单词的正确形式填空Complete the sentenced with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子）29．I like the mascot very much, especially ________ colour.（it）30．As a student, you should get more and more ________.（know）31．We must obey traffic rules in order to keep ourselves ________.（save）32．Mr. Brown can still tell quite a few funny ________, although he is already in his eighties.（story）33．I did badly in the exam, but Li Ming did even ________（badly）than me.34．We were ________ sorry to be absent from the lecture last week.（real）35．When something ________ happens, we usually remember it well.（drama）36．She has a rather ________ past.（colour）四、句型转换Rewrite the following sentenced as required（根据所给要求，改写下列句子。
奥巴马个人简历英文版
奥巴马个人简历英文版贝拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马(Barack Hussein Obama)，1961年8月4日出生，美国民主党籍政治家，第44任美国总统，为美国历史上第一位非洲裔总统。
1991年，奥巴马以优等生荣誉从哈佛法学院毕业，而后在著名的芝加哥大学法学院教授宪法长达12年(1992年-2004年)。
2007年2月10日，宣布参加2008年美国总统选举。
2008年11月4日正式当选为美国总统。
以下是店铺整理的奥巴马个人简历英文版，以供大家阅读。
奥巴马个人简历英文版：BiographyPersonalBirthdate: August 4, 1961 (Honolulu, Hawaii)Hometown: Jakarta, Indonesia; Honolulu, HawaiiSpouse: Michelle Robinson ObamaChildren: Malia Ann Obama, Sasha ObamaReligion: United Church of ChristEducationHarvard Law School, J.D., 1991Occidential College/Columbia University, B.A.Punahou SchoolExperienceBusinesses Owned, Past Careers, Board Memberships, Etc.: Center for Neighborhood and TechnologyChicago Annenberg ChallengeCook County BarCook County Bar Association Community Law ProjectBoard Member, Joyce FoundationLawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under the LawLeadership for Quality EducationMember, Trinity United Church of ChristBoard Member, Woods Fund of ChicagoPublic Service / Elected Offices:Senator, United States Senate, 2005-presentSenator, Illinois State Senate, 1997-2004Book(s)Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance by Barack ObamaThe Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream by Barack Obama。
【著名演讲】The Audicity of Hope 无畏的希望_巴拉克·奥巴马【声音字幕同步PPT】
who had come before. While studying here
my father met my mother. She was born in a town
on the other side of the world,
in Kansas. Her father worked on oil rigs and farms through most of the Depression. The day after Pearl Harbor my grandfather signed up for duty
【著名演讲】The Audicity of Hope 无畏的希望 Barack Obama 巴拉克·奥巴马
On behalf of the great state of Illinois crossroads of a nation Land of Lincoln
let me express my deepest gratitude
பைடு நூலகம்
And they, too, had big dreams for their daughter. A common dream, born of two continents.
My parents shared not only an improbable love
they shared an abiding faith in the possibilities of this nation. They would give me an African name,
Barack, or "blessed", believing that in a tolerant America
奥巴马简历
全名：巴拉克·胡赛因·奥巴马(Barack Hussein Obama Jr.)党派：民主党奥巴马1961年8月4日出生在美国夏威夷檀香山，父亲是来自肯尼亚的留学生，母亲是堪萨斯州白人，两人在就读夏威夷大学期间相识。
由于父亲此后前往哈佛大学求学，奥巴马从小由母亲抚养。
奥巴马两岁多时，父母婚姻破裂。
6岁时，奥巴马随母亲和继父前往印度尼西亚生活。
4年后，奥巴马回到夏威夷。
中学毕业后，他进入加利福尼亚州西方学院学习，后转入位于纽约的哥伦比亚大学，１９８３年毕业。
１９８５年，奥巴马来到芝加哥，从事社区工作。
１９８８年，他进入哈佛大学法学院深造，还成为院刊《哈佛法律评论》首位非洲裔负责人。
１９９１年在获得哈佛大学法学博士学位后，他返回芝加哥，成为一名律师，并在芝加哥大学法学院教授宪法。
１９９７年，奥巴马进入政坛，当选伊利诺伊州参议员，并连任８年。
２０００年，他竞选联邦众议员，但没有成功。
尽管如此，他已在全国政坛崭露头角，并应邀在２００４年民主党全国代表大会上发表主题演讲。
同年１１月，他在国会选举中当选伊利诺伊州联邦参议员。
在担任联邦参议员期间，他参与起草了有关控制常规武器的议案，推动加强公众监督联邦基金使用，并支持有关院外游说、选举欺诈、气候变化和核恐怖主义等问题的一系列议案。
他还先后出访了东欧、中东和非洲一些国家。
２００７年２月，奥巴马正式宣布竞选总统。
他在竞选中以“变革”为主题，强调结束伊拉克战争、实现能源自给、停止减税政策和普及医疗保险等，并承诺实现党派团结、在国际上重建同盟关系、恢复美国领导地位。
２００８年初民主党总统预选启动后，奥巴马一度落后于竞争对手、纽约州联邦参议员希拉里，但在２月５日“超级星期二”后逐渐赶超，并保持领先地位，直至６月３日预选结束。
８月２７日，奥巴马在民主党全国代表大会上获得总统候选人提名。
奥巴马１９９２年与米歇尔·罗宾森结婚，育有两个女儿。
Obama's CVBARACK OBAMA WAS DRAWN TO BASKETBALL AS A KID, AND HE HASNEVER LET IT GO. He would play for hours on the courts behind his grandparents' apartment in Hawaii, and in 1979 was a member of the Punahou school's state championship team. "At least on the basketball court I could find a community of sorts, with an inner life all its own," he wrote in his memoir, "Dreams From My Father."Through hoops he acquired some of the swagger that he later carried into politics. Harvard Law School professor Charles Ogletree Jr. recalls first meeting Obama on the court at Harvard's Hemenway Gym. He was a fierce trash talker, Ogletree says, with an awkward-looking left-handed jump shot. One of Obama's ball mates was actor Hill Harper (known as Frank in law school), who later played a high school basketball player in Spike Lee's "He Got Game."Even on the campaign trail, Obama tries to squeeze in some hoops. His personal aide, Reggie Love, played for Duke's 2001 national championship team. "There is nothing worse than losing to Barack Obama," Love, 25, told the Chicago Tribune. "You never hear the end of it." Obama, 46, has rarely suffered from a lack of confidence -- whether on the court or in the pursuit of public office. In 1996, he sought the Illinois state Senate seat of Alice Palmer, who was running for Congress and who endorsed him. But when her congressional bid sagged, she decided she wanted to keep her seat and asked Obama to move aside. Not only did he decline, but he challenged the legality of her nominating petitions and those of other candidates, ultimately knocking them all off the Democratic primary ballot。
巴拉克·奥巴马详细资料
巴拉克·奥巴马（1961- ），1961年8月4日生于美国夏威夷，父亲是来自肯尼亚的黑人，母亲是堪萨斯州的白人。
1983年毕业于哥伦比亚大学，1985年到芝加哥参加社会工作。
1991年毕业于哈佛法学院，是第一个担任《哈佛法学评论》主编的非裔美国人。
1995年出版回忆录《我父亲的梦想》（Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance）。
2004年，奥巴马在美国民主党全国代表大会上发表题为“无畏的希望”（The Audacity of Hope）的政策演讲而引人注目。
巴拉克·奥巴马1996年当选伊利诺伊州参议员，并连任三届。
2005年当选美国参议员。
巴拉克·奥巴马，1961年8月4日生于夏威夷，父亲Barack Obama, Sr.是来自肯尼亚的黑人，母亲Ann Dunham是堪萨斯州的白人。
1983年毕业于哥伦比亚大学，1985年到芝加哥参加社会工作。
1991年毕业于哈佛法学院，是第一个担任《哈佛法学评论》主编的非洲裔美国人。
1995年出版回忆录《我父亲的梦想》（Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance）。
2004年，奥巴马在民主党全国代表大会上发表题为“无畏的希望”（The Audacity of Hope）的政策演讲而引人注目。
巴拉克·奥巴马1996年当选伊利诺伊州参议员，并连任三届。
2005年当选美国参议员。
Barack ObamaBarack Obama was born on August 4th, 1961, in Hawaii to Barack Obama, Sr. and Ann Dunham. Obama graduated from Columbia University in 1983, and moved to Chicago in 1985 to work for a church-based group seeking to improve living conditions in poor neighborhoods plagued with crime and high unemployment. In 1991, Obama graduated from Harvard Law School where he was the first African American president of the Harvard Law Review.奥巴马的父亲老奥巴马是肯尼亚人，母亲安·邓纳姆是美国一名白人女教师。
奥巴马英文介绍
Obama's Family
• 1.Father:Barack Hussein Obama I,Kenyan,a black Muslims
• Iቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ January 2003, he became chairman of the Illinois Senate‘s Health and Human Services Committee(公共卫生服务委员会 主席)
• He resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his election to the US Senate(联邦参议员)
• 2.Mother:Ann Dunham,a white teacher
First Lady:Michelle Obama
• Daughter:Malia Ann Obama;Natasha Obama
Legislative Career
• He was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996(参议员)
Obama's Book
• 1.Dreams From My Father,1995 • 2.The Audacity of Hope,2004 • 3.Barack Obama • 4.Barack Obama Quotes • 5.Obama era • 6.Obama Girl • 7.New Deal
美国总统英文PPT资料
Abraham Lincoln
Term: 16th President of the United States (1861-1865)
Born: February 12, 1809, Hardin (now Larue) County, Kentucky
Nickname: "Honest Abe"; "Illinois RailSplitter"
Theodore Roosevelt
Term: 26th President of the United States (1901-1909)
Born: October 27, 1858, New York, New York Nickname: "TR", "Trust-Buster", "Teddy" Education: Harvard College (graduated 1880) Religion: Dutch Reformed Marriage: October 27, 1880, to Alice Hathaway
(B.A., 1983), Harvard (J.D., 1991) Religion: Christian Marriage: Michelle Robinson, on
October 18, 1992 Children: Malia Ann (1998); Natasha,
known as Sasha (2001) Career: Community Organizer,
Born: July 6, 1946, in New Haven, CT
Nickname: "Dubya"
奥巴马获胜演讲 译文与评论原文及翻译
贝拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马二世，美国第44任总统，出生于美国夏威夷州火奴鲁鲁，祖籍肯尼亚（The Republic of Kenya）。
奥巴马是首位拥有黑人血统，并且童年在亚洲成长的美国总统，与不同地方与不同文化背景的人共同生活过。
2010年5月27日美国白宫发布了“国家安全战略报告”。
奥巴马在该报告中将军事作为外交努力无效的最后手段。
新国家安全战略认为世界充满了多种威胁，放弃了布什政府“反恐战争”的说法。
人生经历巴拉克·奥巴马(Barack Hussein Obama II)，1961年8月4日生于美国夏威夷州火奴鲁鲁（檀香山），父亲是一位祖籍肯尼亚的黑人穆斯林，母亲是堪萨斯州的美国人。
1983年毕业于哥伦比亚大学，1985年到芝加哥工作。
1991年毕业于哈佛大学的法学院，是第一个担任哈佛法学评论主编的非洲裔美国人。
1992年和米歇尔·拉沃恩·奥巴马结婚。
1996年，奥巴马从芝加哥当选为伊利诺伊州州参议员并在之后的3年中连任；2000年，在竞选美国众议院议员席位失败后，奥巴马将主要精力投入到伊利诺伊州的参议工作中。
2007年2月10日，奥巴马在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市正式宣布参加2008年美国总统大选，并提出了重点在“完结伊拉克战争以及实施全民医疗保险制度”的竞选纲领。
2008年6月3日，奥巴马被定为民主党总统候选人；同年8月23日，在民主党全国代表大会上奥巴马被正式提名，从而成为了美国历史上首个非洲裔总统大选候选人。
2008年1月1日，奥巴马开通了自己的微博网，通过网络渠道对竞选进行宣传，后来被人们称为Web2.0总统，可见奥巴马对网络的重视。
2008年11月5日，奥巴马击败共和党候选人约翰·麦凯恩，正式当选为美国第四十四任总统（届数：第56届，任数：第44任，位数：第43位，政党：民主党）。
于2009年1月20日，在美国首都华盛顿特区参加就职典礼，发表就职演说，并参加了游行。
2021年上海中考英语一模试题及答案宝山区
2021年上海中考英语一模试题及答案（宝山区）2021年上海中考英语一模试题及答案(宝山区)Part 1 ListeningI. Listen and choose the right picture：(6 分)1. ____2. ____3. ______4._______5. _____6. ______11.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(10 分)7. A) Red. B) Green. C) Blue. D) Red and green. 8. A) Geography. B) Chinese. C) English. D) Physics. 9. A) At a quarter past six. B) At six o'clock. C) At a quarter to six. D) At half past six.12.A) 10. B)13. C)20. D)30. 11. A) Susan. B)Jack. C) Jimmy. D)John. 12. A) 3:00. B)3:15. C) 3:30. D) 3:45. 13. A) English. B) French. C) German. D) Japanese.14. A) Have a walk. B) Take an underground. C) See a film. D) Mail a letter.15.A) England. B) Australia. C) Japan. D) Hong Kong. 16. A) He's as old as Jim. B) He's younger than Mike. C) He's as old as Mike. D) He's older than Jim.111.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false(7 分)17. In London, Paris, New York and Tokyo there are too many cars in the street. 18. Tokyo's nightclubs are seldom empty at night.112.I t is rather difficult for people to walk in the Tokyo street at 11:30 at noon. 20. Most people in Tokyo go to work by train during the day 21. Six million train tickets are sold every day in Tokyo.113.You may see everybody reading a newspaper in Tokyo trains. 23. Japanese trains don't often leave and arrive on time. IV. Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks (7分)114.Steven Jobs often got into ____ with either his classmates orhis teachers.115. __ But he was full of new ideas, which few people could see thevalue . 26. Steven Jobs worked _____________ a s a video game designerat Atari.116.He ___ that the trip would give him more ideas and a change in life for the better. 28. After he had returned from India, he began to live on a ___________________ in California. 29. In 1975, Steven Jobsbegan _______ a new type of computer.117.His Apple computer became such a great _______ t hat Steven Jobs became famous. Part 2 Vocabulary and GrammarV. Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）：（共20分）118.In the United States, Father’s Day is on _____ t hird Sunday in June. A. a B. an C. the D. /119. _____ I telephoned Jane just now, but she wasn’t in. I has to leave her a（n） ____ . A. advice B. information C. message D. paper 33. It isno doubt that Liu Xiang is _________ f avourite star. A. us B. we C. our D. ours120.Many scientists say that it’s important for us to have ________ food in our diet. A. a variety of B. a great deal C. a large number of D. a good many121.Five ___ students from different schools took part in the English contest last Saturday. A. hundred of B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundreds 36. Many experts think pigs are __________________ t o train than dogs or cats. A. easier B. much easy C. more easily D. too easy 37. You to tell him the news. It will make him sad.A. needn’tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD. don’t need 38. You have been to Beijing. How long you there/ A. did…stay B.have…stayed C. do…stay D. will…stay 39. Today Chinese by more and more people all over the world. A. was spoken B. is spokenC. spokeD. speak40.Mother often tells Tom _________ too much time playing videogames. A. not to spend B. to not spend C. don’t spend D. doesn’t spend41.Mrs. Smith found the toys here and there, so she asked her son tohis toys before having dinnerA. put offB. give awayC. put awayD. give out 42. A: When did it begin to snow? B: It started _______________ the night.A. duringB. byC. fromD. at43.I haven’t got a n armchair ____________ . Will you make room for me? A. To sit B. to sit in C. for sitting D. sitting on44.Children, will you finish _____________ t he classroom before 5:00p.m.? A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning 45. I don’t know if he _______ t omorrow.A. Will comeB. comesC. cameD. has come46.Get up early and do exercise every day, _________ you won’t havea strong body. A. but B. for C. and D. or 47. They usually have lunch at school, ________________ ? A. haven’t they B. do they C. don’t they D. have they48.A: Have you heard from Jim?8:No, I haven't. The underlined part means"||. A. Heard of the letter B. received a letter from C. written a letter from D. heard about49.Big Ben is a famous ________ in London.A.statueB. museumC. parkD. clock50.A: Would you mind repairing the MP3 player for me? B: _________ .A. Never mindB. Don’t worryC. Not at allD. I’m glad you like itVI. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once.（8 分）A. The way B. from a distance C. own D. has studied E. grew F. recording G. like H. do I.act Jane Goodall is a famous woman scientist, who __51___ chimpanzees（黑猩猩）in Africafor many years. Her research helps people understand how much they behave __52___humans. Nobody before has fully understood chimpanzees’ behavior. Jane spent many years observing and ___53___ their daily activities. She did not study at auniversity but she worked with animals in their __54__ environment. When she arrived at Gombe（贡贝在尼日尼亚）in 1960, it was usually for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first months, was she allowed to begin her project. At first, Jane could not get close to the chimpanzees of Gombe, but little by little she was able to move closer to the chimpanzees and watch them __55__ with binoculars（望远镜）.Finally, Jane 56 very close to the chimpanzees at Gombe. Jane’s patience and trust won them over, and she enjoyed a degree of acceptance（接受度）that was hardly dreamed possible. She sat among the chimpanzees, and they would greet her as they __57__ each other with a touch or a kiss.Her work has changed __58__ people think about chimpanzees, and she has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. Perhaps most significantly,Jane’s work has opened a window into the world of chimpanzees for a public with a strong 3n。
十大经典励志英文演讲稿
#### 1. "The Power of Now" by Eckhart TolleIn this speech, Eckhart Tolle emphasizes the importance of living in the present moment and letting go of past regrets and future anxieties. He encourages listeners to awaken to the power of the now and to embrace life fully.> "The present moment is filled with joy and happiness. If you are attentive, you will see it."#### 2. "I Have a Dream" by Martin Luther King Jr.Delivered on August 28, 1963, in Washington D.C., Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech is a powerful call for racial equality and justice in the United States. His words continue to inspire generations to fight for equality and justice.> "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."#### 3. "We Choose to Go to the Moon" by President John F. KennedyIn this famous speech, President Kennedy announced the goal of landing an American on the moon and returning him safely to Earth before the end of the decade. His vision and determination sparked the Apollo program and inspired a generation.> "We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard."#### 4. "The Great Speech" by Winston ChurchillDelivered on June 4, 1940, in the House of Commons, Winston Churchill's rousing speech is a testament to his leadership and the British people's resolve during World War II. His words are a powerful reminder of the strength and resilience of the human spirit.> "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender."#### 5. "You Have to Fail to Succeed" by J.K. RowlingIn this speech, J.K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series, shares her struggles with poverty and her journey to success. She encourages listeners to embrace failure as a stepping stone to success.> "Failure is so important for success. I've met so many people whodon't want to fail, that they're afraid to try anything new."#### 6. "The Value of Failure" by Steve JobsIn his Stanford University commencement speech, Steve Jobs reflects on his own failures and the lessons he learned from them. He reminds listeners that it is through failure that we learn and grow.> "You can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future."#### 7. "We Are All Made of Stars" by Neil deGrasse TysonIn this inspiring speech, Neil deGrasse Tyson takes listeners on a journey through the cosmos and reminds us of our connection to the universe. He encourages us to look up at the stars and see ourselves as part of a vast and beautiful tapestry.> "We are all connected; to each other, to this earth, to this universe: We have a commonality. We are all made of star stuff."#### 8. "The Audacity of Hope" by Barack ObamaIn his speech accepting the Democratic Party's nomination for President in 2004, Barack Obama delivered a powerful message of hope and change. His words resonated with a nation looking for a new direction.> "The future is not a gift. It is an opportunity and it is a responsibility."#### 9. "You Are a Badass" by Jen SinceroIn her speech, Jen Sincero shares her journey of self-discovery and the power of believing in oneself. She encourages listeners to embrace their inner badass and take control of their lives.> "You are a badass. You are strong. You are capable. You are worthy."#### 10. "The Gift of Imperfection" by Brené BrownIn this talk, Brené Brown discusses the importance of embracing imperfection and vulnerability. She encourages listeners to cultivate courage, compassion, and connection in their lives.> "Vulnerability is the birthplace of innovation, creativity, and change. If we want to change the world, we have to start with ourselves."These speeches have inspired millions around the world and continue tobe a source of motivation and inspiration. Whether you're looking to overcome adversity, pursue your dreams, or simply find meaning in life, these speeches offer valuable insights and powerful messages.。
The Audacity of Hope
最后，感谢上苍赐予我们最好的礼物，也就是这个国 家赖以生存的基石，因为我们相信最好的东西尚未出 现，更好的日子就在明天，我相信我们可以为中产阶 级减负，让工人家庭走上希望之路，我相信我们可以 为无业者创造就业机会，为无家可归者带来可以遮风 挡雨的屋顶，让美国城市中年轻人从暴力和绝望的阴 影中走出来。我相信今天的我们就站在历史的十字街 头，我们可以做出正确的选择，Fra bibliotek接面临的挑战。
“我们认为以下真理不言而喻，人生来平 等，造物主赐与他们以下不可剥夺的权利： 生命、自由和对幸福的追求。”
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That is the true genius of America, a faith in the simple dreams of its people, the insistence on small miracles.
是因为存在希望，奴隶们围坐在火堆边，才会吟唱自由之歌； 是因为存在希望才使得人们愿意远涉重洋，移民他乡；是因为 希望，年轻的海军上尉才会在湄公河三角州勇敢的巡逻放哨， 是因为希望，出身工人家庭的孩子才会敢于挑战自己的命运； 是因为希望，我这个名字怪怪的瘦小子才相信美国这片热土上 也有自己的容身之地。这就是无畏的希望。
2012-12-14
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希 望
2012-12-14
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画面上一个年轻女子坐在象征世界的地球上面，身体向前倾斜， 低垂着头，眼睛被蒙上绷带，手里弹拨着仅剩下一根弦的古希 腊七弦琴，并俯身倾听这根弦发出的微弱乐音。画家的意图是 表现人类直到最后也丌能丧失希望，丌过观众的感受可能会有 所丌同，觉得只剩下生命的最后一根弦，正面临着危机。虽然 这名女子身上有着瘀伤和血迹，穿着破烂丌堪，竖琴也只剩下 一根弦，她就好像是广岛或者沙佩维尔(沙佩维尔为南非城市， 曾发生种族屠杀)的受难者，但是画家仍敢于把这幅画名为‘希 望’。虽然世界被战争撕裂，虽然世界被仇恨摧残，虽然世界 被猜疑蹂躏，虽然世界被疾病惩罚，虽然在这个世界上充满饥 饿和贪婪，虽然她的竖琴被毁坏得只剩下一根琴弦，但是这位 女人仍有无畏的希望，在她那仅存的一根琴弦上，去弹奏音乐， 去赞美上帝。
The audacity of hope
The audacity of hope无畏的希望My fellow citizens:我的同胞们：I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.今天我站在这里，看到眼前面临的重大任务，深感卑微。
我感谢你们对我的信任，也知道先辈们为了这个国家所作的牺牲。
我要感谢布什总统为国家做出的贡献，以及感谢他在两届政府过渡期间给与的慷慨协作。
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.迄今为止，已经有44个美国总统宣誓就职。
奥巴马演讲全文∶无畏的希望
The audacity of hopeKeynote Address at the 2004 Democratic National ConventionJuly 27, 2004 On behalf of the great state of Illinois, crossroads of a nation, land of Lincoln, let me express my deep gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. Tonight is a particular honor for me because, let's face it, my presence on this stage is pretty unlikely. My father was a foreign student, born and raised in a small village in Kenya. He grew up herding goats, went to school in a tin-roof shack. His father, my grandfather, was a cook, a domestic servant.But my grandfather had larger dreams for his son. Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place: America, which stood as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many who had come before. While studying here, my father met my mother. She was born in a town on the other side of the world, in Kansas. Her father worked on oil rigs and farms through most of the Depression. The day after Pearl Harbor he signed up for duty, joined Patton's army and marched across Europe. Back home, my grandmother raised their baby and went to work on a bomber assembly line. After the war, they studied on the GI Bill, bought a house through FHA, and moved west in search of opportunity.And they, too, had big dreams for their daughter, a common dream, born of two continents. My parents shared not only an improbable love; they shared an abiding faith in the possibilities of this nation. They would give me an African name, Barack, or "blessed," believing that in a tolerant America your name is no barrier to success. They imagined me going to the best schools in the land, even though they weren't rich, because in a generous America you don't have to be rich to achieve your potential. They are both passed away now. Yet, I know that, on this night, they look down on me with pride.I stand here today, grateful for the diversity of my heritage, aware that my parents' dreams live on in my precious daughters. I stand here knowing that my story is part of the larger American story, that I owe a debt to all of those who came before me, and that, in no other country on earth, is my story even possible. Tonight, we gather to affirm the greatness of our nation, not because of the height of our skyscrapers, or the power of our military, or the size of our economy. Our pride is based on a very simple premise, summed up in a declaration made over two hundred years ago, "We hold these truths to he self-evident, that all men are created equal. That they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights. That among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."That is the true genius of America, a faith in the simple dreams of its people, the insistence on small miracles. That we can tuck in our children at night and know they are fed and clothed and safe from harm. That we can say what we think, write what we think, without hearing a sudden knock on the door. That we can have an idea and start our own business without paying a bribe or hiring somebody's son. That we can participate in the political process without fear of retribution, and that our votes will he counted - or at least, most of the time.This year, in this election, we are called to reaffirm our values and commitments, to hold them against a hard reality and see how we are measuring up, to the legacy of our forbearers, and the promise of future generations. And fellow Americans - Democrats, Republicans, Independents - I say to you tonight: we have more work to do. More to do for the workers I met in Galesburg, Illinois, who are losing their union jobs at the Maytag plant that's moving to Mexico, and now are having to compete with their own children for jobs that pay seven bucks an hour. More to do for the father I met who was losing his job and choking back tears, wondering how he would pay $4,500 a month for the drugs his son needs without the health benefits he counted on. More to do for the young woman in East St. Louis, and thousands more like her, who has the grades, has the drive, has the will, but doesn't have the money to go to college.Don't get me wrong. The people I meet in small towns and big cities, in diners and office parks, they don't expect government to solve all their problems. They know they have to work hard to get ahead and they want to. Go into the collar counties around Chicago, and people will tell you they don't want their tax money wasted by a welfare agency or the Pentagon. Go into any inner city neighborhood, and folks will tell you that government alone can't teach kids to learn. They know that parents have to parent, that children can't achieve unless we raise their expectations and turn off the television sets and eradicate the slander that says a black youth with a book isacting white. No, people don't expect government to solve all their problems. But they sense, deep in their bones, that with just a change in priorities, we can make sure that every child in America has a decent shot at life, and that the doors of opportunity remain open to all. They know we can do better. And they want that choice.In this election, we offer that choice. Our party has chosen a man to lead us who embodies the best this country has to offer. That man is John Kerry. John Kerry understands the ideals of community, faith, and sacrifice, because they've defined his life. From his heroic service in Vietnam to his years as prosecutor and lieutenant governor, through two decades in the United States Senate, he has devoted himself to this country. Again and again, we've seen him make tough choices when easier ones were available. His values and his record affirm what is best in us.John Kerry believes in an America where hard work is rewarded. So instead of offering tax breaks to companies shipping jobs overseas, he'll offer them to companies creating jobs here at home. John Kerry believes in an America where all Americans can afford the same health coverage our politicians in Washington have for themselves. John Kerry believes in energy independence, so we aren't held hostage to the profits of oil companies or the sabotage of foreign oil fields. John Kerry believes in the constitutional freedoms that have made our country the envy of the world, and he will never sacrifice our basic liberties nor use faith as a wedge to divide us. And John Kerry believes that in a dangerous world, war must be an option, but it should never he the first option.A while back, I met a young man named Shamus at the VFW Hall in East Moline, Illinois. He was a good-looking kid, six-two or six-three, clear-eyed, with an easy smile. He told me he'd joined the Marines and was heading to Iraq the following week. As I listened to him explain why he'd enlisted, his absolute faith in our country and its leaders, his devotion to duty and service, I thought this young man was all any of us might hope for in a child. But then I asked myself: Are we serving Shamus as well as he was serving us? I thought of more than 900 service men and women, sons and daughters, husbands and wives, friends and neighbors, who will not be returning to their hometowns. I thought of families I had met who were struggling to get by without a loved one's full income, or whose loved ones had returned with a limb missing or with nerves shattered, but who still lacked long-term health benefits because they were reservists. When we send our young men and women into harm's way, we have a solemn obligation not to fudge the numbers or shade the truth about why they're going, to care for their families while they're gone, to tend to the soldiers upon their return, and to never ever go to war without enough troops to win the war, secure the peace, and earn the respect of the world.Now let me be clear. We have real enemies in the world. These enemies must be found. They must be pursued and they must be defeated. John Kerry knows this. And just as Lieutenant Kerry did not hesitate to risk his life to protect the men who served with him in Vietnam, President Kerry will not hesitate one moment to use our military might to keep America safe and secure. John Kerry believes in America. And he knows it's not enough for just some of us to prosper. For alongside our famous individualism, there's another ingredient in the American saga.A belief that we are connected as one people. If there's a child on the south side of Chicago who can't read, that matters to me, even if it's not my child. If there's a senior citizen somewhere who can't pay for her prescription and has to choose between medicine and the rent, that makes my life poorer, even if it's not my grandmother. If there's an Arab American family being rounded up without benefit of an attorney or due process, that threatens my civil liberties. It's that fundamental belief - I am my brother's keeper, I am my sister's keeper - that makes this country work. It's what allows us to pursue our individual dreams, yet still come together as a single American family. "E pluribus unum." Out of many, one.Yet even as we speak, there are those who are preparing to divide us, the spin masters and negative ad peddlers who embrace the politics of anything goes. Well, I say to them tonight, there's not a liberal America and a conservative America - there's the United States of America. There's not a black America and white America and Latino America and Asian America; there's the United States of America. The pundits like to slice-and-dice our country into Red States and Blue States; Red States for Republicans, Blue States for Democrats. But I've got news for them, too. We worship an awesome God in the Blue States, and we don't like federal agents poking around our libraries in the Red States. We coach Little League in the Blue States and have gay friends in the Red States. Thereare patriots who opposed the war in Iraq and patriots who supported it. We are one people, all of us pledging allegiance to the stars and stripes, all of us defending the United States of America.In the end, that's what this election is about. Do we participate in a politics of cynicism or a politics of hope? John Kerry calls on us to hope. John Edwards calls on us to hope. I'm not talking about blind optimism here - the almost willful ignorance that thinks unemployment will go away if we just don't talk about it, or the health care crisis will solve itself if we just ignore it. No, I'm talking about something more substantial. It's the hope of slaves sitting around a fire singing freedom songs; the hope of immigrants setting out for distant shores; the hope of a young naval lieutenant bravely patrolling the Mekong Delta; the hope of a millworker's son who dares to defy the odds; the hope of a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him, too. The audacity of hope!In the end, that is God's greatest gift to us, the bedrock of this nation; the belief in things not seen; the belief that there are better days ahead. I believe we can give our middle class relief and provide working families with a road to opportunity. I believe we can provide jobs to the jobless, homes to the homeless, and reclaim young people in cities across America from violence and despair. I believe that as we stand on the crossroads of history, we can make the right choices, and meet the challenges that face us. America!Tonight, if you feel the same energy I do, the same urgency I do, the same passion I do, the same hopefulness I do - if we do what we must do, then I have no doubt that all across the country, from Florida to Oregon, from Washington to Maine, the people will rise up in November, and John Kerry will be sworn in as president, and John Edwards will be sworn in as vice president, and this country will reclaim its promise, and out of this long political darkness a brighter day will come. Thank you and God bless you.奥巴马演讲全文：无畏的希望原名:基调演讲摘自《巴拉克·奥巴马》。
59 The Audacity of Hope
59.The Audacity of Hope 有希望则无所畏惧1. On behalf of the great state of Illinois, crossroad s of a nation, Land of Lincoln, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. Tonight is a particular honor for me because, let's face it, my presence on this stage is pretty unlikely. My father was a foreign student, born and raised in a small village in Kenya. He grew up herding goats, went to school in a tin-roof shack. His father-my grandfather-was a cook,a domestic servant to the British.1.今晚我将在这里代表（on behalf of）伟大的伊利诺伊州来向大会发表演讲，为此我感到无上荣幸(privilege)。
众所周知，伊利诺伊州是全国的交通枢纽(crossroads)，林肯总统的发祥地(ladn)。
另外，我能够站在讲台上向全党的代表发言实在是有点受宠若惊，(particular honor)因为坦率地讲，这对我而言几乎是做梦都想不到的事情。
请允许我先从我的出身讲起，我的父亲是个外国留学生，他土生土长在肯尼亚的一个小村庄，他从小在那里放羊，在简陋的铁皮顶小屋里上学。
他的父亲，也就是我的爷爷，是一位为别人做饭的家庭佣工(domestic servant)。
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59.The Audacity of Hope 有希望则无所畏惧1. On behalf of the great state of Illinois, crossroad s of a nation, Land of Lincoln, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. Tonight is a particular honor for me because, let's face it, my presence on this stage is pretty unlikely. My father was a foreign student, born and raised in a small village in Kenya. He grew up herding goats, went to school in a tin-roof shack. His father-my grandfather-was a cook,a domestic servant to the British.1.今晚我将在这里代表（on behalf of）伟大的伊利诺伊州来向大会发表演讲，为此我感到无上荣幸(privilege)。
众所周知，伊利诺伊州是全国的交通枢纽(crossroads)，林肯总统的发祥地(ladn)。
另外，我能够站在讲台上向全党的代表发言实在是有点受宠若惊，(particular honor)因为坦率地讲，这对我而言几乎是做梦都想不到的事情。
请允许我先从我的出身讲起，我的父亲是个外国留学生，他土生土长在肯尼亚的一个小村庄，他从小在那里放羊，在简陋的铁皮顶小屋里上学。
他的父亲，也就是我的爷爷，是一位为别人做饭的家庭佣工(domestic servant)。
2. But my grandfather had larger dreams for his son. Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place, America, that shone as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many who had come before. While studying here, my father met my mother. She was born in a town on the other side of the world, in Kansas. Her father worked on oil rigs and farms through most of the Depression. The day after Pearl Harbor my grandfather signed up for duty; joined Patton's army, marched across Europe. Back home, my grandmother raised a baby and went to work on a bomber assembly line. After the war, they studied on the G.I. Bill, bought a house through F.H.A., and later moved west all the way to Hawaii in search of opportunity.2.但是我爷爷不想让我父亲步其后尘，他对我的父亲有着更大的期许和梦想。
艰辛的努力和顽强的毅力(perseverance)使我父亲拿到了到美国留学的奖学金(scholarship)。
于是我父亲漂洋过海，来到了美国这片神奇的国土。
美国是自由的灯塔，她给予了早年来这里闯世界的人大量的机会。
在留学期间，我父亲遇到了我母亲。
我母亲出生在堪萨斯的一个小镇上，这里和肯尼亚分属地球的两端。
我的外祖父在大萧条时期(through most of the Depression)为了养家糊口，不是在石油钻井架下打工，就是在农场务农。
珍珠港事件后他自愿入伍(sign up for duty)，进入巴顿将军的部队，曾在整个欧洲大陆辗转作战。
在后方家中，外祖母养育着他们的孩子，并在一条轰炸机流水线上工作。
战后，他们研究了《退伍军人权利法案bill》，通过联邦住宅管理局提供的贷款买了一套房子，并移居到美国西部的夏威夷，以寻找更好的发展机会。
3. And they, too, had big dreams for their daughter. A common dream, born of two continents. My parents shared not only an improbable love, they shared an abiding faith in the possibilities of this nation. They would give me an African name, Barack, or "blessed," believing that in a tolerant America your name is no barrier to success. They imagine d me going to the best schools in the land, even though they weren't rich, because in a generous America you don't have to be rich to achieve your potential. They're both passed away now. And yet, I know that on this night they look down on me with great pride.3.他们对我的母亲也有着同样的期许和梦想。
这是一个来自两个大洲的共同梦想。
我的父母不但共同享受着来自父母们无以复加(improbable)的爱，他们也笃信(an abiding faithi不变的信念)在美国这个国家一切皆有可能（possibility）。
他们赐予我一个非洲名字，巴拉克，意为“受神福佑的(blessed)”。
他们相信在宽容大度的美国(a tolerant America)，一个人的名字不是通向成功的障碍(barrier)。
尽管生活并不富裕，但他们还是想让我去最好的学校接受最好的教育，因为在慷慨大方的美国(a generous America)，一个人即使不富裕也能淋漓尽致地发挥他的潜能(potential)。
现在他们都过世了。
不过我知道，在这个夜晚，他们正满怀骄傲(with great pride)自天堂注视着我(look down on me)。
4. They stand here and I stand here today, grateful for the diversity of my heritage, aware that my parents' dreams live on in my two precious daughters. I stand here knowing that my story is part of the larger American story, that I owe a debt to all of those who came before me, and that, in no other country on earth, is my story even possible. Tonight, we gather to affirm the greatness of our nation, not because of the height of our skyscraper s, or the power of our military, or the size of our economy. Our pride is based on a very simple premise, summed up in a declaration made over two hundred years ago," We hold these truth s to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."4.今天他们站在这里，我站在这里，为我血液里流淌着多样遗传基因而满怀感激，我知道我父母的梦想正在我的两个宝贝(precious)女儿身上延续(live on)。
我站在这里，知道我的故事是更宏大的美国故事集里的一部分，也知道我应该感激那些在我之前来到这里的先辈们，更知道我的故事在这个世界的任何其他地方都不可能发生。
今晚，我们欢聚一堂，更加坚定地相信我们国家的伟大，这个伟大并不在于(不是因为)我们的摩天大楼(skyscraper)有多高，也不在于我们的军备（military）实力有多强，更不在于我们的经济规模有多大。
我们对这个伟大的国家的自豪感建筑在一个相当简单的前提(premise)之上，用两百多年前先辈们写就的《独立宣言》里的话概括起来(sum up)就是：“我们坚信以下真理(truth)不言而喻(self-evident)：人人生而平等。
造物主赋予(endow)他们某些不可剥夺的(inalienable)权利，包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。
”5.That is the true genius of America, a faith in simple dreams, an insistence on small miracles; that we can tuck in our children at night and know that they are fed and clothed and safe from harm; that we can say what we think, write what we think, without hearing a sudden knock on the door; that we can have an idea and start our own business without paying a bribe; that we can participate in the political process without fear of retribution, and that our vote s will be counted-at least most of the time. 5.这就是美国的本质(genius)之所在：我们对简单梦想的无比信任，我们对生命中小小奇迹(miracle)的执着追求。