yate学习笔记
环球雅斯听课笔记-阅读
环球雅斯听课笔记雅斯阅读--张岳目标:阅读8分正确35道题十类关键词1)but however yet in fact on the contrary on the other hand conversely whileA butB A为正B一定为负反之亦然用此方法来判断文章的方向性P61 1computerised data storage and electronic mail were to have heralder the paperless office ,but ,contrary to expections , paper comsumption throughout the world shows no sign of abating .前面讲得是电子信息的储存和电子邮件的使用似乎预示的无纸化办公的到来,但是,和期望相反的是,世界范围俩的纸张消耗却灭有下降的趋势。
所以从A可以很容易推出B,从B也可以很容易推出A.节省时间,在遇到生单词和生句子时尤其有用。
2)although A, B A despite B A in spite of B A even if B albet=although虽然A和B的方向向反,但正面条件不影响负面结果的发生,负面条件也不影响正面结果的发生。
While ducks offer many advantages over hens ,they must be given greater quantity of food ,especially if regular eggs are desired .前面讲的是鸭子比母鸡有更多的优势,后面却说他们吃的东西更多。
方向性改变。
They had a wonderful holiday ,despite (介词) the bad weatherThey went our in spite of the rain .I like her even though she can be annoying sometimes .Albet I understand what you say ,I can not agree .3)andA andB A 和B的性质相同,从B向开始回来找AP 10The modrn city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark ,narrow streets full of petrol fumes and tocic gases ,torn by the noise of the taxical,lorries and buses,and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.第一个and 连接的是of edifices 和 of streets 第二个and 连接的是fumes 和 gases 而第四个and 连接的是三个短语full of torn by throng4)A further more B more over besides in addition what’s moremore importantly递进关系递进处无转折后面承接上文I haven’t time to see the film—besides ,it’s hard dreadful interviews .5) 顺序first…then…next…later on…finallyfirstly…secondly…besides…in the first place…in the second place….6)特殊的关键词—人名地名时间数字生词–为最好的定位标准此时为A-A的重现即题目有A 原文中找到了相同的A7)比较级发现了比较级,在文中要找到比较的三要素—比较级比较点比较方向8)举例for example for instance 冒号破折号9)各段的首句10)因果的关系A becauseB A in that B A for B attribit A to BA为果B为因英语中习惯把结果放在前面as since therefore thus as a result consequently lead to contribute to create incur bring about contribute to affect influence impact effect阅读解题顺序1)skimming 略读文章的标题首句理解文章的大义方向2)reading questions intensively 精读文中题型的第一道题获前两道题(判断正负的题型)划出关键词3)scanning 回原文浏览找出三种关键词的语言重现(发现插入语就跳过)A—A 占到 50%A---B B是A的同义词因果关系的重现原文 A so B A为因B为果题目 B because …肯定就是A了4)reading 发现原文语言重现精读上下文理解含义分析语法得出结论5)reading questions intensively 当作完了n道题后就看n+1道题的题目然后再从3)开始进行循环阅读题型分析单项选择题类型补全句子的选择 P9回答问题类型的选择题 P35解题技巧 1.用排除法筛选出答案当能够判断题目中其他三个选项都是错误的时候即使没有充分的理由证明最后的选项在文章中是正确的,也选它了。
外研版八年级下册unite4课文笔记
外研版八年级下册unite4课文笔记Unit 4 Lesson 1 Text NotesText 1 - Order in the Library- The text is about the rules and regulations in the library and how to maintain order.- Libraries are meant for reading and borrowing books, and students should behave appropriately.- Students should not talk loudly, eat, or drink inside the library. - They should follow the library rules, such as returning books on time and not damaging the books.- The librarian helps students find books and gives advice on choosing appropriate books.- The library also has computers for searching for books and accessing information.- Students should respect others' rights to read and study quietly in the library.- The text ends with a reminder to follow the rules and maintain a peaceful reading environment in the library.Text 2 - The British Library- The text introduces the British Library, which is one of the largest libraries in the world.- The library is located in London, England and is a national library.- It has a collection of over 150 million items, including books, manuscripts, maps, and music scores.- The library offers various services to visitors, such as readingrooms, exhibitions, and events.- It provides access to a wide range of resources, both physical and digital.- The text highlights some famous items in the library, such as the Magna Carta, Shakespeare's works, and Beatles' lyrics.- The British Library is not just a library but also a cultural center and research institution.- It encourages people to explore and engage with its vast collection of knowledge.Text 3 - Synchronized Reading- The text introduces the concept of synchronized reading, where people read the same book at the same time.- This reading trend has gained popularity in recent years.- Synchronized reading can be done through online platforms or in-person book clubs.- It allows readers to connect, discuss, and share their thoughts and ideas about the book.- Participants may have different perspectives and interpretations of the same book.- Synchronized reading promotes a sense of community and shared experience.- It can be an opportunity to discover new books and authors.- The text ends with a reminder to try synchronized reading and join the reading community.Text 4 - E-Books vs. Paper Books- The text discusses the advantages and disadvantages of e-booksand paper books.- E-books offer convenience, as they can be accessed and carried on electronic devices.- They allow readers to highlight text, adjust font size, and search for specific words or phrases.- E-books also contribute to environmental conservation, as they do not require paper and printing.- However, some people prefer paper books for the sensory experience and physical presence.- Paper books have a nostalgic value and can be more engaging for some readers.- They also do not rely on technology and do not cause eye strain. - The text ends with the statement that both e-books and paper books have their own merits, and readers can choose based on personal preferences.Note: Please note that the content provided is a summary and may not include all the details or examples from the original text.。
雅思 全套新东方ielts笔记 新东方ielts笔记汇总 ★【汉魅】
新东方ielts笔记汇总一.雅思考试介绍听力:听力教材、英语中级听力阅读:整理难句笔记本——摘抄分析写作:图表作文——柱状图、饼状图、曲线图、表格——上面有百分比、数据、固定的时间段,善于从现象中发现规律,趋势,提炼,升华,得出结论——科研能力口语:1. 自信:不要太介意语音语调,语法,允许犯错误,关注内容,体态语言,2. 小心陷阱。
要时刻注意沟通,符合生活逻辑。
不要忘记提问卡上的问题逻辑顺序。
3. 3.争取主动。
4. 4.有备而来。
在很大程度上可以预测。
二:写作总的指导5堂课:1. 总的知道2. 写作流程,问题极其对策(审题)——重点第二篇3. 审题,指令,展开。
4. 书信作文。
5. 图表作文。
本身内容和语言。
最后总的串讲。
范文作用:吸取语言的营养,不能机械背诵。
三:写作总论1.用书面语言2.题目中有单词不认识:它可能是不重要的,或联系上下文可以知道意思,实在看不明白就抓住看得懂的部分做文章。
3.时间概念很重要。
重点在第二篇。
先写第二篇(写对位置)。
4.字数:第一篇至少140字(10到12句话)。
第二篇至少250字(15到18句话)。
5.四大原则:1.图表作文重点在描述,不要随意解释,根据文字可以复原图表。
2.要让考官觉得你的思路非常清晰,要有“路标行标”,承上启下的短语结构词。
3.中心论点由几个分支论点支持。
并提供证据。
4.7分必须有复杂句子结构(并列句、复合句、非谓语动词形式);用词面宽一点,尽量不要多次重复。
第一篇用3个复杂结构,第二篇用5—7,个复杂结构。
四:作业21页task 5version C (多少个字,多少句话,每一段由几句话组成,找语法错误,评论结构布局)74页task 2严格按照40分钟写。
针对十个问题的思考1.情感分段和逻辑分段首先晾出观点,罩住一个自然段,2.文章中心思想句是读者体会(中文)还是作者交代(英文)——第一段就说3.3.引言段(开头第一段)是开门见山(英文)还是层层剥开(中文)议论文不可以太长,第一段只能3——5句话4.段落主题句有(英文)没有(中文)不要把每个主题句分散在不同处,在第一句写5.线性段落(英文)还是螺旋性段落(中文)说出来——为什么这样说6.人证(中文)与法证(英文)强调事实、数据、普通人事件、该领域专家7.一般具体(英文)还是曲折前进(中文)8.段内连贯:过渡词语(英语)还是词义重复(中文)英语:形式语言中文:意合语言for, obviously, turn out, as a result, and, in the end 英语靠过渡词的衔接、词汇的纽带、语法的照应9.段落之间的连贯:形和义10.结尾部分是概括(英文)还是训导(中文)新东方雅思阅读笔记Summary做法I.确定summary的首末句在原文中的位置; 根据题目要求; 根据首末句来判断II.分析每个空格的可能语法属性III.根据空格前后的相关信息回原文锁定答案1. Summary中的以下成分不会改变:A. 专有名词B. 时间状语、时间C. 地点D. 人名E. 数字及百分比F. 金钱符号G. 特殊印刷体及标点符号2.如果是动词+名词,名词是空格,则回原文定位该动词3.如果是动词+介词+名词,名词是空格,则回原文先定位介词,再定动词+介词结构4.如果是动词+介词+名词+定状补或同位语a. 同3b. 空格后的成分在原文中不会改变5.名词+谓语+宾语,a. 回原文定位与空格后的谓语一致的语法结构b. 宾语一般不会改变完成句子做法I.分析需完成部分的语法结构II.分析已给出句子的中心词,分为定位中心词及句意关键词1.定位中心词a) 专有名词b) 时间及地点c) 人名、数字及百分比d) 金钱符号、特殊印刷体、特殊标点符号2.句意关键词a) 句子的主语和谓语b) 空格前的介词及助动词c) 空格前的情态动词d) 空格前的形容词e) 句子中的比较成分f) 句子中的否定及肯定成分III.回原文定位填空选项式I.类型:1.须完成部分的语法属性单一2.须完成部分的语法属性多元II.做法:1.分析每个选项的语法属性2.分析题目的语法属性3.进行选项与题目的语法归类4.如有可能回原文定位TrueFalseNot Given ()I. 做法1. 准确理解题意a) 语法主谓宾确定b) 是否有好坏、优劣、快慢判断c) 是否有only判断d) 是否有比较e) 是否有范围比较2.预设否命题(Alternative)()3.划出已给出句子的中心词回原文定位4.阅读比较5.中心词分为定位中心词及句意关键词:见前笔记II.基本概况1.是语言考试而非逻辑判断2.不涉及比喻及修辞3.不涉及文化差异4.不涉及复杂的时态与语态变化5.范围考点只有only, all及most6.IELTS中TFNG中的所有金钱符号、时间及数字都只涉及精确程度而非范围判断7.范围判断:NG:a. Time will tellb. 设问句而不做回答;a+1no less than a 相当于8.原文中有it is predicted(expected, anticipated) that题目中有real, truth, fact则答案为:False9.原文中有条件状语从句或表明条件的固定搭配If (Provided that), but for (except for)If not (Unless), but that (except that)或表明条件限制的介词短语及形容语短语题目中去除任何条件限制答案为:False10.Only原则A.原文有三个形容词:various, versatile, complete题目中部分,则答案为FalseB.原文中A+B+C,题目中只有A、B或C,则答案为FalseC.原文中A事物或A状态题目中只有A事物或A状态答案:NG11.原文中有vow, promise, swear, pledge + 动作状态题目中去除以上的限定,则答案为:NOT GIVEN ()12.原文对理论学科加以限定(领域及范围、人名、国名及时间)题目中去除以上限制,答案为:FalseMatching题:一、类型1.人名及理论2.概念及定义3.完成句子的Matching二、各种类型的题的做法1.人名及理论a.首先分析意义理论的中心词b.回原文按人名的排列顺序阅读,理论一般在固定动词后的宾语从句中段落首末的人名及理论是重要考点c.中心词对应,原文及题目的中心词对应2.概念及定义a.首先确定概念在原文中的方位概念的排列对应原文段落顺序递增b.分析每道题目的意义中心词c.回原文按照概念的顺序阅读d.中心词对应List of headings类型1.10个选项,5-6个段落,选项标在段落后面2.5-6个已给出标题,段落标号写在题目后面注意:1.阅读主标题2.任何选项在真实考试中都只有一次选项,首先将example选项划去主要做法一、首先分析选项以及已给出标题哪些选项是文章超始段落选项哪些选项是文章结尾段落选项1.起始选项a.名词+of+文章主标标concept, conception, definition, explanation, notion, core, essence, justification,what is + 文章标题b.动词+文章主标题,代表文章首段标题defy, justify ()c.形容词+名词+of+文章主标题basic, intrinsic, fundamental + factors, elements2.结尾选取项名词+of+文章主题effect, impact, consequence, generalization, conclusion3.哪些选项是文章的中间段落选项A.所有的比较选项都是中间选取项Compare, contrast, similar, match, coincide…with, contrary to, opposite to, versus, akin…to, alien…toB.金钱符号指示词Wage, income, cost, expense, expenditure, revenueC.统计数字指示词data, figure, demography, demographic, statistic, censusD.百分比指示词rate, ratio, percentage, proportion, density()E.时间指示词decide, generation, ages, long time, long term, long tradition, long process, long procedureF.分岐概念的定义及补充说明一定在中间段落二、如何阅读首末段1.阅读首末句,要关注首末句的语法成份A.主谓宾分布B.肯定与否定关态C.比较级状态D.是否定定义句型2.如果首末句是疑问句或都是描述性语句都要忽略不记,要其后的论点句作为标题选项的重要依据3.如果段落中有example或者example句型,要example前的论点句及其后的总结句4.如果段落中有人名及理论,则该理论也是标题选项的主要依据三、如何阅读整段1.要注意段落中的特殊印刷体及特殊标点符号(),“”2.要注意段落中表明转折的连词yet, but, however3.要注意段落中表明顺序的连词4.要注意段落中表明因果的固定搭配result in, result from, derive from, stem from, describe to.新东方听力笔记这是一套最新新东方听力笔记,希望有时间的朋友还是多研习一下,在方法上还是有很多提高成绩的捷径的。
yate学习笔记
ubuntu安装编译运行可以使用 telnet 127.0.0.1 5038 登录到yate输入?可以显示支持的命令连按tab键可以补全命令先debug on 然后再debug level 10,可以打开log编译步骤要先安装apt-get install libqt4-dev在yate project的根目录下./autogen./configuremake install然后在clients目录下运行./run-qt4 脚本,会调用同样目录下的yate-qt4,这个是编译生成的。
wimdows安装编译运行yate client安装qt-win-opensource-4.8.0-vs2010.exe qt-vs-addin-1.1.9.exe安装了这2个软件后就可以使用vs2010 vs2005了,下面的不走可以不用做,但要设置环境变量。
在环境变量中的系统环境变量增加:QTDIR= C:\Qt\4.8.0QMAKESPEC=win32-msvc2005Path = C:\Qt\4.8.0\bin;用vs2005打开yate-4.2.0-2\yate\windows\YATE.slnyate-4.2.0-2 的main-client.cpp文件有错误,需要改成class WinClientPlugin : public Plugin{public:WinClientPlugin(): Plugin("winyateclient"),m_thread(0){ }virtual void initialize(void);virtual bool isBusy() const{ return true; }private:WinClientThread* m_thread;};Qt4相关的几个工程和_customtable _customtable _customtext_clientarchive需要加上qt库和头文件的路径。
《CATIA V5R21中文版基础教程》读书笔记思维导图
4 6.1.4 销、键
连接设计
5 6.1.5 弹簧设
计
6.2.1 轴类零件设计 6.2.2 盘盖类零件
6.2.3 箱体类零件 6.2.4 支架类零件
6.3.2 圆柱凸轮
6.3.1 盘形凸轮
6.3.3 端面凸轮
第7章 零件装配设计
7.1 装配设计模块的 简介
7.2 装配零部件管理
7.3 装配约束 7.4 装配特征
特征
3 8.9 在装配图
中生成零件表 (BOM)功...
4 8.10 应用实例
──生成轴承座 工程图
5
8.11 小结
8.1.1 进入 工程制图工
作台
8.1.2 工具 栏介绍
8.2.1 创建 图框和标题
栏
8.2.2 引入 已有图框和 标题栏
8.3.1 创建投 1
影视图
8.3.2 创建截 2
面视图
4.1.1 进入 创成式外形 设计工作台
4.1.2 创成 式外形设计 工具栏介绍
4.2.1 创建点 4.2.2 创建直线
4.2.3 投影-混合曲 线
4.2.4 相交曲线
4.2.6 二次曲线
4.2.5 偏移曲线
4.2.7 创建曲线
4.3.1 创建拉伸曲面 4.3.2 创建偏移曲面
4.3.3 创建扫掠曲面 4.3.4 创建填充曲面
3.2.5 孔
1
3.2.7 开槽
2
3.2.8 加强肋
3 3.2.9 实体混
合
4 3.2.10 多截面
实体
5 3.2.11 已移除
多截面凹槽
3.3.1 倒圆角 3.3.2 倒角
3.3.3 拔模 3.3.4 抽壳
剑桥雅思阅读课堂笔记
剑桥雅思阅读课堂笔记IELTS Reading(剑4. 5. 6. 7)第1章IELTS中关于阅读文章中是非判断题分析1.1 是非题中关于“only”题的总结(共11题,8F, 2NG , 1T)总结:剑4、5、6中共有“only”题(是非判断)7小题,5题F,2题NG,剑7中共有“only”题(是非判断)4小题3F,1T。
F机率远大于NG及T1.2 是非题中关于比较级的总结(共24题,5F, 12NG, 7T)剑7中比较级考点(是非判断)共计4小题1F,2NG,1T剑4.5.6比较级考点(是非判断)共计20小题,6T,10NG,4F总结:NG>T>F1.3 是非判断题中同级比较(the same …as…)(…as well as…)的总结剑4.5.6共计the same …as题4道2T,1NG,1F剑7共计2题同级比较,1T,1 F总结: 剑4.5.6.7 阅读真题中同级比较考点无规律可循1.4 剑桥IELTS阅读文章中是非判断题解决方法1、是非判断题的出题顺序与其在原文中定位句(处)的顺序是一致的,所以做此类题时必须有方向感,即Q1题在文中定位要在Q2前边,Q2题在原文中定位句要在Q3原文定位处前边……例如:剑5,P23,T1P2Q26 题目中独特定位词为sociobiology,在 para.F 和para.I中都出现了,第一次出现是在Q25题原文定位处的前面,第二次出现在Q25题原文定位处的后面,因为Q25与 Q26两题具有顺序性,所以Q26题的答案应在原文 Q25题原文定位处的后面的para.I中定位,而不是在Q25题原文定位处的前面的para.F找答案。
注意:此规律内容并非绝对,但基本成立。
2、剑桥IELTS是非判断题基本上是考查原文中连续段落,即几个是非判断题在原文中的定位处是几个连续顺序的段落,或这些是非判断题集中于原文某一个或某两个段落,但无论是何情形,定位处(句)仍旧是按顺序的。
环球雅思高分周末班课堂笔记 IELTS考试技巧
环球雅思高分周末班课堂笔记(学术类)Reading/Listening评分标准表:Reading/Listening5.5 19-226.0 23-266.5 27-297.0 30-317.5 32-348.0 35-368.5 37-389.0 39-40Listening注意听降调,重读,被重复注意连读:In eighteen …[ei]In nineteen …[ai]1. Note-taking题一心二意,单词拼写与发音Do not: 翻译,中文,全神贯注第4个字母是p,b,m,前面都是com, 剩下的都是con, 除了:comfortable听数字时,注意:8和9,50和15,“1+2”只听数字,忽略thousand, million…0.508:naught point five o eight$9.5 nine dollar fifty2. 地图题:找箭头,读参照物,绝对+相对,形状+大小:square, round, circle, sphere...3. 主观题:pre: 划路标词找“关系”:并列:and, 并列符号因果:for, so…路标词后,注意:语音,语调:降调,重读,被重复;空格前后的单词;下一题的路标词记录,不要拼写单词注意格式:名词:单复数,大小写Venue = place = where 一律大写,name, course课程名大写4. 表格题:路标词是时间均为间接给出有so后就有答案5. 判断题:(考点)数字(19,90;8,9;数字后名词偷换);否定词(hardly, little, never…); 比较,最高级;动宾搭配;绝对词(every, none, only, must); 相对词if, sometimes; 情态动词6. 单选题:时间,城市无法AB重现选项区别大:正确答案肯定在题干后(先浏览题干),通常AB重现(语序调整意义不变,核心词,同意词<adj,n>)干扰选项:语音干扰…this means…答案已过去错误搭配Not given备注:所谓AA重现:题目与原文基本一致,照搬过来;AB重现:同义,近义,反义,上下义(从属关系)7. 多选题:AB重现+被否定并列连词后anything else?熟悉被选项,耳到眼到一连串的被选项同时被提到,第一个被提及通常是正确选项,答案跟并列词后8. 配对题Matching词性配对,题干定位Section 1 Interview Q-A, Discussion Q-A’-A’’-A(最后原则,最后被确定的是答案,so后)填空,注意字数,尽量用原文,冠词,程度副词可省略S3 Q-A-SummarySo, why not, just say 后永远有答案时间安排:最先2’30看S3,S4题干,当example的答案听到第2遍时开始回头看S1S1听力中明辨是非,限制词性及内容ReadingSkills: SQSRC(一定要看!!!很有用的阅读步骤,平行阅读法,千万不要看完一整篇后做题)1.Skim 1-2’大标题,段首句(1,2段必看,后面可挑看)2.Question 精读一个Q,划信号词(大写,引号,括号,数字,人名,地名,时间,专有名词,特殊名词,特殊状态名词…)3.Scan (根据信号词回原文寻)语言重现AA,AB,AC(句子内部和句子之间的关系的重现;因果,转折,比较)4.Read carefully 精读上下句5.Check and confirm 规范(审题,语法);心理概况: A类先找信号词,定位再答题3篇文章60分钟内完成词汇量要求:7000-8000题型: 重点:选择,Summary, TF/NG, Heading主旨题次重点: 图表, SAQ, SC, Matching1.Multiple Choice原则: 1) 我没选绝对词(90%): have to, never, only…2) 我没选”比较”比较级,最高级,<,>,干扰项3) 我的选项留有余地may, could, might, sometimes, perhaps4) D选项为ALL, 2条件必选ALL: A,B,C不相干; 出处有表示列举的词:and, also, another, additional, other, apart from, as well, in addition to5) 当题干短, 分析归类选项, 再验证6) D选项为NONE, 2步走: 文中划出所有A.B或其共同成分; 逐一验证其限定成分文中出现数字: 20%考点,20%信号词,60%垃圾,看大小即可2.Summary看语法,理思路短文首句要精读, 起止位置要明确,留意AB重现(包括非空格部分), 生词可照搬,有时调整顺序和主被动关系分类: 续写,有选项; 改写(几乎全文,有选项; 2,3段,无选项; 不知道几段)3.判断形式: TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN; YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 答案要写全,写准确(YES和TRUE要分清,不能混写,不能缩写Y/T)定义: T Passage 与Question吻合F PQ 矛盾,冲突NG 未提及;有提及,但不相关,既不吻合,也不矛盾,证据不充分,不足以判断,不确定,不知道原则:其他条件不变: P小,Q 大, EG. Influence > reduce, T/Y其他条件不变: P 大, Q 小NGF: PQ明显矛盾(正反词,否定)不明显矛盾,PQ不能够同时成立NG: P主观, Q客观P用主观词(predict, assume…) Q去掉主观词,且不加委婉词(can,will,may…)总量与部分无关补充: NG不占多数,一次做两题,比较时要慎重(比较双方,比较点,比较方向; 3者一致---T,前2要素一致,第3要素相反---F; Q中比较,P 中不比没比---NG)注意修饰语的明显差别PQ 在数量,范围,频率,程度,可能性上存在明显差别P: SOME Q: ALL ----F4.Heading划例子,划段落精读所有选项,划信号首末句精读,第2句兼顾,中间浏览对比分析定答案注意:先细节后主旨;正确选项通常为原文主题句的AB重现若某选项与原文某些字词AA重现,一般不选不能重复选印刷体书写罗马数字5.图表题:定位3步法: 定位到某段,某句,某词6.Matching形式: TIME/EVENTS G类CAUSE/ EFFECTPEOPLE/OPPIONCONCEPT/ EXPLAINATIONPRODUCER/ PRODUCTORGANISITION/ FUCTION G类Detail & ParagraphWhich paragraph contains the following information? 最后做注意:乱序节省时间:做题前尽可能一次性记住所有题干的关键词题干通常AA,选项通常AB可以重复选7.Short answer Question看清楚疑问词,完整句: 首字母大写,成分:小写即可8.Sentence Completion有选项:先语法后意义Writing 20’+40’2种写法:段首顶格,段与段间隔一行(better) / 段首空4个英文字符段与段不空行Task 120分钟内写完分清什么图----找研究对象----2大审题方法Picture常考:A. Line graph / Curve chart 曲线图Bar chart / Column diagram 柱形/条形图Pie chart 饼图B. Flow chart 流程图一般分3段,尽可能用被动语态,不用第一人称A时态:Part 1 Simple Present(现在所见的)Part 2 Simple past (the changes itself in the past)Part 3 Simple present (现在所看到的趋势)Basic Pattern:连接手段必须有“如图所示”;四大要素,首段末句点题Part 1 4 major factors: pictures, objects, time, and dataPart 2 4 changes (textual level) + 6 comparisons (sentence level)Part 3 小结+趋势(上升或下降)4 changes: 升降波平6 comparisons:分比;比率;倍;分(1/3);数值;排位place, positionBFlow chart: 一般现在时,中间多用被动语态Part 1 2-3 major factors: pictures, objects, given conditions, (materials given)Part 2 Process described: Passive被动(with connectives: step / stage)Part 3 Result indicated两大审题方法:切割分析法就明显的曲线形状进行切割分段(2条线不在一条直线上,2条线不属于同类变化);迅速标上段号和点号,点>段(如下图,4点3段)1 2 3 4简易图示法如:3块饼图,每块有ABCD4个对象,则分别对这4个对象进行分析,看其各在1-2,2-3图中的变化趋势(上升或下降)Task 2 40分钟完成高分词汇:AA,AB重现;连字符词语: win-win situation; 名词化短语;一词多义的单词:bridge n. / vt. Brave adj. / vt. 勇敢面对六大结构:后置定语;排比句not only…but also…等;同位语;名词性从句;虚拟语气;否定兼倒装:Only in this way can we…; Not only verb + subjectFirst and Last注意首句和末句;首段和末段;每段的首句和末句五种题型:(1side一分写法,正或反面选其一;2side两分写法,正反面都要写,易拿高分)Do you agree /disagree? What is your opinion? (1/2-side)观点性辩论文To what extent do you agree or disagree? (1/2-side)Discuss both sides…(2-side)现象/说明性论述文Problem-Solution (Why-Because, Causes-Effects) (2-side)General-Particular (2-side)1 辩论文(一分法/二分法)一分法完全赞成/反对Part 1 我同/反间接或直接点题Part 2 同/反1同/反2 理由,举例Part 3 我同/反二分法7-8分1 2 3Part 1 我同/反/中立间接点题Part 2 同同反反反同Part 3 我同/我反/中立我同我反3种写法:势均力敌同=反先扬后抑同>反先抑后扬同<反第一种“同=反”比较难写,不要轻易尝试Part 1 首段末句必须中立点题Part 2 中间部分必须互反:利弊,迟早,新旧,今昔对比互反Part 3 末段首句必须明确表态(赞成/反对)2.论述文Question-Answer PatternPart 1 WhatPart 2 Why1Why2Part 3 How常考话题:新技术,电脑代替传统的工具等;教育;环境资源;家庭;交通;政府资助Speaking尽量多说复杂句,定语从句,虚拟语气等1. General topics 4-5min “warm-up”familiar topics个人情况等等强调adj. Adv. Number. negative名词动词比喻修饰2. Particular topics 说1-2min 之前1min准备3.Abstract questions 4-5min Discuss!!!万能话题:旅游a place;平凡的人;名人;书最新雅思大作文不变应万变语篇通式Mighty Writing [Given Info Analysed on the Textual and lexical Levels]: [Chinese Version]:第一部分引、缩、点人们随着新千年高科技的发展可以借助网银或者在线采购等方式完成此类工作,有人认为这给生活带来很大便利。
雅思高分周末班课堂笔记
[Chinese Version]:第一部分引、缩、点人们随着新千年高科技的发展可以借助网银或者在线采购等方式完成此类工作,有人认为这给生活带来很大便利。
在我看来,这带来的影响既有积极的方面也有消极的方面。
第二部分/PP 据、证、结首先,给个人和社会的发展都带来很多益处,不仅节约时间而且提高效率。
举例:去银行或者购物在交通上要花时间,还要在银行排队,但是如果用网银或者在线采购则节约了这个时间。
另外,网银或者在线采购一般是二十四小时服务的,也就是任何时间不受限制,否则,去银行或者到商店去,还要看银行是否是在工作日或工作时间……。
据、证、结虽然给个人和社会带来很大益处,但是不利的影响也不可忽略。
一方面,人们在自己家或者办公室完成这些事情则无形中减少出去的机会,不但使像步行这样锻炼身体的机会减少了或没有了,连享受室外新鲜空气和自然阳光的权利似乎也被剥夺了。
另一方面,人们与他们面对面交流更能充分表达自己的意愿,增进相互间的理解。
而那样的便利同时是制约了人们面对面交流能力的发展,可能造成两种结果:一个是表达不充分会引起误解。
我们知道,误解会引起冲突,甚至会导致两国之间的战争;另一个则是缺少与他人面对面的交流而导致人与人之间的隔阂或冷莫,甚至内心有孤独感或无助感,可能产生心理障碍。
举例:随着人们生活水平的日益提高,现在的青少年犯罪比率之所以不断上升似乎是因为人机接触过多必然减少人与人之间的交流。
人际间的交流或交往在人类发展进程中是不可或缺的。
第三部分申、建、总总而言之,尽管人类社会的进步不可避免伴随着不利因素,常言道/正如中国有句古话:水能载舟,亦能覆舟,然而,人类社会总是要发展的,而发展总是永无止尽的。
只要我们能够扬长避短,因势利导,加强人际间的交往,这些不利影响终将会不断减少。
[English Version]:Part I I ntN arA rg It is true that the pace of human life in modern society is becoming faster and faster as we come into the new millanion, and at present it is much likely to performer daily tasks such as banking, shopping and business transactions without meeting people face-to-face by means of e-banking or online-shopping. Then, some people hold the opinion that….As far as I am concerned, …not only the positive but also negative effects upon individuals and society...as follows.Part II I deE viE ndFor one thing, these changes in modern technology bring the development of both individuals and society with a lot of advantages. They not only save the time but also enhance the proficiency. For instance,….But…What is more, e-banking or online banking is working around 24 hours, that is, without the restriction of time. Otherwise, it must be confirmed or made sure whether banks are open or not during the weekdays or working time.I deE viE ndAnyway the mentioned above has brought great advantages to the society, yet it also has its disadvantages which can not be able to ignored. One effectworth mentioning here is that…Another impact explicit to everyone is that …it will give rise to the fact that people are lack of mutual understanding / estrange (alienated) from each other / cut away (separated) from the outside world / with the emotion of aloofness (apathy / indifference)…,even …. A salient example which is given much consideration to is that…. Being through the man to machine interaction or interface or without meeting people face-to-face is much likely to reduce to a minimum the people‟s communication or exchanging ideas (the communication between people / interpersonal contact)Part III V iewR ecC on To cut a long story short, as an (a China‟s) old saying goes, water, while it can carry a boat, can also overturn it. That is to say, everything / every coin (leaf / sward) has two sides…Nevertheless human society can not stop during the course of its development and must develop endlessly or sustainably …If only…develop what is desirable or useful or healthy and discard what it is not… interpersonal contact could be strengthened…would…Analysed and Written by Prof HAN Pinyu in Nanjing Global IELTS School, on April 2, 2007Writing 写作模板最好不要全部照搬,有能力自己做点修改,使其个性化很大程度上:to a large extent, in a great/large degree, for the most part很小程度上:to some extent, in some degree, for some part/partly/in partTask 1除流程图外:As can be seen from the picture(table/figure/diagram/ line graph/bar chart/pie chart), it illustrated (shown) explicitly (obviously) X (that X covers the years/months from … to …).According to / In accordance with the figures / data (dada无复数) given in the picture, X significantly (greatly/ dramatically/ noticeably) fell from … to … in 19.. to in 19.., whereas. Also / Moreover / Furthermore from the picture it can be seen that there was a sharp decline / increase from…, while…. Based upon / Relying on the figures / data given in the picture, it started / had its starting point at … in 19.., reached the highest point / peaked at … in 19.. and gave its finishing point / finished at …in 19..; on the contrary, …. In addition to / What is more what has previously been referred to , the remaining / rest of all the figures (the other figures) did not indicate/ display/ show a noticeable increase or decrease; on the other hand/ in contrast,…From not only what was demonstrated in the picture but also what has been mentioned/specified or described earlier in the passage, it can be seen very clearly that there is (seems/appears to be用seem/appear不能用clearly) a tendency which is on the (gradual/ remarkable) increase/ decline (of object)….流程图:As can be seen/ shown from the picture/ flow chart, it illustrates/ shows explicitly/obviously X. There are some conditions/materials given in the picture…. The general process which concerns/ involves several/some cycles will be described/ conveyed as follows.In the first stage,…Next is the second stage in which…After that we have the third stage where…Finally in Stage Four…From not only what was demonstrated/showed in the picture but also what has been mentioned earlier in the passage, it can be seen very clearly that only in this way or by this kind of process can (subject: Oil)… be made or produced.Task 2:1 - Side:There, nowadays/ at the present/ currently, exists a heated/ hotly debated discussion on …(Title).Some people maintained the idea that,…Unfortunately, other people hold the opinion that… I back/support/side with/take the side of/ do (dis)agree with the idea that…(直接)/ I share the idea with the former/latter, which is that…(间接).One (dis)advantage which can be clear/obvious/explicit to everyone is that…In fact…Let us take one example/ for example/instance… Let us have another example…. Let us give/ render/ present/ illustrate/ demonstrate/ show still another example…Explicitly/ clearly/ apparently/ indeed/ undoubtedly….Another negative/positive side which must be considered/ given consideration to is that…As a matter of fact… For example….Take the as another example… Take it as a case in point…It is self-evident that…. One /The first/ The main reason which can be clear/obvious/explicit to everyone is that… Another/ The second factor which must be given consideration to is that…. Still another/ the third rationale which we must attach importance/attention to is that….2 - Side:At present there is a hot topic which never ever fails to provoke a heated discussion on….Some are firmly in favor of the opinion or notion that…does great harm to …. Yet others/ other people are firmly assured/fully convinced that…Before my opinion is given or presented it would be better for me to discuss/have a detailed discussion on both sides as follows.We should highlight the notion that…since there are several reasons for us to say that. One reason.... Another reason… (Facts stated/ Example given可以参照前面一分法的模板斜体字部分) From what has been mentioned before/previously/initially, it can be seen explicitly that…Seemingly/ Unfortunately, we should rethink the idea that……… (Facts stated/ Examples given). So it can be seen explicitly or self-evident that…Personally I am strongly in support of the idea or the circumstance that… (Solution: It is about time that…did …. Only in this way can …)Problem – Solution Pattern:首段末段与1/2分法类似,中间两段陈述理由,举例,如:One/ the first/main reason that can be clear/obvious/explicit to everyone is …. To start/begin with …In addition …Furthermore/What is more….(Let us take one example…Let us have another example…….) It is clear/evident that ….Another/the second reason that must be considered/given consideration to is… In the first place …. In the second place/next place …. Then … Finally… From what has been mentioned previously, we can see very clearly/explicitly that….写作真题(选择一些常考题,可平时模拟练习,具体请参考雅思机井)050108IeltsA Task 2: We can get knowledge from news, but some people think we can’t trust the journalist. What‟s your opinion? And what do you think is the important qualities that a journalist should have?050122IeltsA Task 2: The recent figure of crimes committed by the young people is increasing in major cities throughout the world. Discuss what the possible reasons for this problem are and how to solve it.050219IeltsA Task 2: Leisure is a growing industry. Nowadays, more modern technology used in entertainment. This may lead people to less creative. Do you agree or disagree?050226IeltsA Task 2: Nowadays people perform the everyday task such as banking, shopping as well as business transaction, without meeting person face to face. What are the possible social effects upon the individual and society as a whole?050312IeltsA Task 2: It is generally believed that education is of vital important to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfill both these functions?050402IeltsA Task 2: The pressure upon the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to work too hard for their young age. Do you think it is positive or negative for their development?050416IeltsA Task 2: The advantages of the spread of English as a global language will continue to outweigh its disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?050709IeltsA Task 2: Some people think that the government should pay for health care and education, but other people think that it is nor government‟s responsibility. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.050806IeltsA Task 2: Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away”culture, because we are filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To what extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend reducing this problem?好词好句A. Classification of Topic Area s—Related Arguments & Ideas & EvidenceI. Social Hot topic社会是一个更加概括的词,表示的也许是在一个国家的人民及他们相互间的关系。
2021年自考英语(一)课堂笔记(unit18)
2021年自考英语(一)课堂笔记(unit18)Text A Why Are Maps Drawn with North at the Top?本课主要单词1.feature n. 特征,特色;面貌,边幅vi. 是…的特色,以…为特色vi. 重要作用;作为主要角色1)The most important feature of our work is parental involvement.(我们工作的最重要特色是父母参与。
)2)The island’s c hief feature is its beauty.(这个岛的主要特色是风景秀丽。
)3)He is very familiar with the geographical features of this district. (他对这一地区的地理特征很熟悉。
)4)The boy was slightly taller than his father,with fine features.(阿谁男孩比他父亲稍高,长得眉清目秀。
)5)Round-the-clock service features this store.(日夜办事是这家商店的特色。
)6)The new type of car features high speed,small size and low cost.(这种新型汽车以高速、小型和低费用为特色。
)7)Sea food features largely in the diet of these people.(海产在这些人的食物中占重要地位。
)8)He is featuring in a new movie.(他正在一部新片中担任主角。
)2.rough adj. 粗糙的;粗暴的;大致的roughly adv. 粗糙地;大体上,大约1)They journeyed for days over rough roads. (他们在崎岖的道路上旅行了数日。
util14_课堂笔记
接口在现实当中,处处存在,例如 USB 接口 ,网线接口。从这些接口中,我们发现一个 问题,同一个接口可以连接不同的设备,做不同的事情,这也有多态一种表现。同时这也要
4
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CoreJava
求这个接口要和所有的设备匹配。接口起到连接不同业务之间的关系,并且要求有规则,那 么接口自然也成为一种规范。在 java 中,接口的作用也起到规范代码的作用。
抽象方法:吃东西的方法 抽象方法:输出所有信息的方法 1)定义一个Dog类,继承Animal类。 Dog类的属性:忠诚度(loyal) 重写父类中的两个抽象方法。 2)定义一个Cat类,继承Animal类 Cat类的属性:灵力值(wakan) 重写父类中的两个抽象方法。 3)编写测试类,分别定义Dog与Cat类的对象,赋值,并 测试调用。
类 6)含有抽象方法的类一定是抽象类 7)abstract 不能和 final 关键字修饰同一个类或方法 8)抽象类是需要子类继承,才能使用 9)在抽象类中,非抽象方法中可以调用抽象方法,但是执行的子类对父类抽象方法的 重写的方法
1.3 示例分析
示例: 定义一个Animal类作为父类 属性:颜色、年龄、性别
第 14 单元 抽象类和接口
上节回顾: 多态:是某个事物在不同条件下的多种表现形态。 具有多表表现的点:重载 重写 对象转型 形成对象多态的条件: 继承关系 子类实例化对象指向父类引用 本节课程:
第十四单元
抽象类
abstract关键字
抽象类和抽象方法
接口的多继承 抽象类和接口的区别
1.1 抽象类
抽象: 对现实对象的有用信息的提取并在大脑的一种反映。 抽象类:就是通过抽象后形成一个类。可以把抽象类当做特殊的一个类。 类的结构:
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ubuntu安装编译运行可以使用telnet 5038 登录到yate输入可以显示支持的命令连按tab键可以补全命令先debug on 然后再debug level 10,可以打开log编译步骤要先安装apt-get install libqt4-dev在yate project的根目录下./autogen./configuremake install然后在clients目录下运行./run-qt4 脚本,会调用同样目录下的yate-qt4,这个是编译生成的。
wimdows安装编译运行yate client安装安装了这2个软件后就可以使用vs2010 vs2005了,下面的不走可以不用做,但要设置环境变量。
在环境变量中的系统环境变量增加:QTDIR= C:\Qt\ = C:\Qt\用vs2005打开的文件有错误,需要改成class WinClientPlugin : public Plugin{public:WinClientPlugin(): Plugin("winyateclient"),m_thread(0){ }virtual void initialize(void);virtual bool isBusy() const{ return true; }private:WinClientThread* m_thread;};Qt4相关的几个工程和_customtable _customtable _customtext _clientarchive需要加上qt库和头文件的路径。
然后挨个编译每个工程,然后把中的release改成debug,然后双击之,就会运行yate client了。
Yate代码学习笔记Yate 开发向导框架设计Yate 的设计是为了提供一个可扩展性的电话引擎,试图以最简简洁的代码,在扩展所需功能与性能、稳定性之间达到最佳平衡。
Yate 设计分为三大部分:(1) 引擎( Engine )该引擎已 Yate C++ 类为基础,将把所有模块组件连接在一起,上图描述了各组件之间的交互过程。
(2) 模块( Modules )大部分功能由运行时加载的模块来实现。
这些模块以动态链接库为载体,作为插件被引擎或外部程序的特定模块加载。
被外部程序特定模块加载时,需能够与引擎或其他模块之间相互交互(通信)。
(3) 消息( Messages )Yate 模块(包括插件和外部模块)之间的交互是依靠消息实现的。
消息提供了一种可扩展,可定制,并且与具体技术无关的交互机制。
每个模块在需要得到信息或者需要通知其他模块时只需要创建并向引擎提交消息,引擎负责会将消息传递给合适的目标。
Yate 以 Class Engine 为核心,构建了插件式的管理体系,按照观察者(发布 - 订阅)的设计模式来处理数据流。
Engine 类根据配置文件加载插件,缺省参数的情况下,会加载指定目录下所有的插件。
然后运行插件的初始化函数 initialize() 完成插件的初始化。
Class Yate 提供了一些 API (静态函数)用于加载分析配置参数,加载特定模块,和指定目录下的所有模块。
Message *m = new Message("");2. m->addParam("driver","iax");3. if (e->4. m->addParam("callername",e->;5. else6. m->addParam("callername",e->session->callerid);7. if (e->8. m->addParam("called",e->;9. else10. m->addParam("called",e->session->dnid);然后我们将消息发送给引擎,检查是否有模块( module )接收并处理了,最后必须将消息销毁。
1.if (Engine::dispatch(m))2. Output("Routing returned: %s",m->retValue().c_str());3.else4. Output("Nobody routed the call!");5.m->destruct();上面的处理方式是阻塞式的,模块发送消息之后需要等待该消息被发送之后才进行后续的处理。
Yate 中还有一种“发射后忘记”( fire-and-forget )的消息机制,非阻塞式消息机制,这种消息被存储在引擎中的一个队列中,当消息被分发后,由引擎负责释放。
这种消息一般都是事关系统全局的重要消息,例如错误报警,如下代码所示:1.Message *m = new Message("alert");2.m->addParam("reason","Hardware malfunction");3.Engine::enqueue(m);如果我们编写的模块需要处理一个路由请求(极有可能是其他模块产生的),我们首先需要声明一个名为RouteHandler 的类,并从MessageHandler 基类继承。
1.class RouteHandler : public MessageHandler2.{3.public:4. RouteHandler(int prio)5. : MessageHandler("",prio) { }6. virtual bool received(Message &msg);7.};然后,由于在 received 方法中实现,他是类 MessageHandler 中是纯虚函数,我们必须重载。
1.bool RouteHandler::received(Message &msg)2.{3. const char *driver = ("driver")4. Debug(DebugInfo,"Route for driver %s",driver);5. return false;7.}最后,在插件的 initialized 方法中,安装此消息处理器1.void RegfilePlugin::initialize()2.{3.m_route = new RouteHandler(priority);4. Engine::install(m_route);5.}这样,该插件就能处理“”消息了,这个例子中实际上只是接收了消息但没有做任何动作,如果需要什么操作,在 received 方法里实现即可。
Yate 中的几乎所有消息操作者都是按照这样的框架实现的。
消息流示例以呼叫进入为例:路由当一个通道模块检测到有呼叫进入 (1) ,它便发送 (2) 消息来决定将此呼叫路由到哪个位置。
消息将被叫号码映射到一个呼叫目标。
连接当呼叫对象已知以后,呼入通道将其呼叫端点( CallEndPoint )附在消息上 (4) 。
接收方应该将它的呼叫端点连接到中携带的呼叫端点上。
在等待对端接受呼叫期间应该发送消息(6) ,当呼叫被接受时,被发送。
会话期间在会话期间,消息 (8,9) 能在两个方向上发送。
挂机当呼入通道检测到挂机 (10) ,它将断开其呼叫端点。
断开呼叫端点将引发两个通道消息和消息的(图中未包括)发送。
从消息流的示例我们可以看到, Yate 对呼叫的抽象很清晰,在逻辑上符合人们的思维习惯,比较容易理解。
消息类型1.引擎消息( Engine messages )由引擎发送给普通模块,通知他们 Yate 准备就绪,并已进入主循环2. 通道消息( Channel messages )双音多频信号( Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling )3. 呼叫消息( Call messages )4. 用户消息( User messages )5. 资源描述 / 通知消息 (Resource subscribe/notify messages)6. SIP 消息 (SIP messages)sip.<methodname>7. 编解码特定协议消息 (Encode or decode protocol specific messages)8. 网络操作消息( Socket operation messages )9. 集群相关消息( Clustering related messages )10. 即时信息相关消息( Instant messaging related messages )11. Jabber / XMPP messages12. 其他消息( Miscellaneous messages )database模块创建方法在实际应用中,可能需要编写自己的模块插入到系统中或者替换掉自己的模块,例如,使用商用的SIP 协议栈替代Yate 中开源的SIP 协议栈,所以,编写在Yate 框架下编写自己的模块是使用Yate 平台必备的技能。
Yate可分为两个部分* Yate内核* Yate模块*Yate内核提供基础,辅助API以及消息系统*Yate模块使用Yate内核实现特定的功能Yate模块的类型Yate模块可分为一下几种1.通道2.路由器3.电话历史记录(Call Detail Recorder)4.计费程序5.其他模块如何指定模块的类型模块类型在这里涉及许多概念性的东西。
Yate的设计中并不区分模块的种类,而是根据模块处理的消息类型来区分模块类型。
例如一个通道模块接受消息,并创建一个通道来接受处理它。
有此特征的模块我们称之通道模块。
另一方面即使如果模块可能接受消息并处理一个事情,但并不创建一个通道/终端,则它不是一个通道模块。
CDRBuilder就是这样的模块。
如果你还不清楚,稍等,接下来的例子会说明清楚。
程序员眼里的消息消息应正确派发到注册了并在监听该消息的模块中。
模块可以指定接受消息的优先级。
如果一模块监听的消息优先级为50,其他模块也在监听消息,但优先级值大于50,则该模块应该先于其他模块获取消息。
一旦接收到该消息,模块可向派发器返回true或fale,并附带一些额外信息。
如果返回true,则派发器停止向后续的模块发送消息。
返回false,则允许消息按照优先级继续派发到其他模块中。