人教版-八年级-英语-语法句子结构及句型

语法-句子结构及句型

课时时长：2小时授课老师：

Truman Liu

有些动词既可作vt.又可作vi.，词义相同。如：The meeting began at six. < > We began the meeting at six. < >

有些动词既可作vt.又可作vi.，但词义不同。

如：The man walked away. (walk为vi. 意为“走”)

He walked the dog every day. ( walk为vt. “遛”)

She washes clothes at home. (wash为vt. “洗”)

The clothes washes well. (wash为vi. “洗起来”)

1. Most birds can fly.

2. The children are flying kites in the park.

3. It happened yesterday.

4. My watch stopped.

5. When did they leave Beijing?

6. She spoke at the meeting this morning.

7. Shall I begin at once?

8. She began working as a teacher after she left school.

句子成分

句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。

一个句子一般由三部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分、宾语部分，这三部分也叫

做句子的主要成分。

谓语可以是实义动词或者系动词加表语，即：系表结构作谓语。

句子的次要成分包括：定语，状语，补语等。

句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。

主、谓、宾、定、状、补

判断正误：

1. The teacher in the classroom.

2. Can I help you?

3. Students study in the classroom.

4. I want go home now.

5. All the books on the desk over there.

主语

主语是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如：Students study. / We are friends.

它们在句中做主语：students是个名词，we是代词。

谓语

谓语是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：

Students study.

We are friends.

这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实义动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。

宾语

表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：They are teachers.

I play with him.

这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是代词，它们在句中作宾语。

定语

定语是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：This is a red sun.

He is a tall boy.

这两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。

状语

状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：

The students study hard.

I often write to him.

The bag is too heavy.

这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。

补语

补语作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。如：You made me happy。

表语

表语用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。构成系表结构。如：This table is long.

句子结构

通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：

（定语）主语（状语）谓语（定语）宾语（状语）(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.

(The happy) child went (his) home yesterday.

(The) boy can't find (his) dog.

1. I like China.

2. The beautiful girl swims very well.

3. Do you go to school every day?

4. I really made me sad.

5. Great china is beautiful.

简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+不及物动词：( S + Vi)

We work./ She came．/ My head aches. / The bell rang.

2、主语+系动词+表语(SVC)

系动词分类：

一 be动词类： am、 is 、are 、was 、were

二表示变化类：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go

三感官动词类: look sound smell taste feel appear, seem

四表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep

He is a student

His face turned red

The apple tastes sweet

The soldier keeps still.