非谓语动词2018高考真题精析精练

非谓语动词2018高考真题精析精练2018-7-16
Designed and Proofread by Geoffrey Wu
非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是不能直接在句中作谓语，必须和be动词、助动词等连用，方能构成谓语。

如：I am doing my homework now. 非谓语动词独立使用时，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。

如：To make this cake (目的状语), you'll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.非谓语动词在高考单项填空、语法填空和短文改错等题型中，得到了充分的重视，既是重点，又是难点。

下面就结合近几年高考真题，进行剖析。

一、非谓语动词2018高考真题考点一览表（表1, 2）
表2 非谓语动词2018高考真题考查的句法功能
综上所述，非谓语的考查主要集中在一般式，句法功能主要考查状语、宾语、表语、补语和主语等。

因此，掌握非谓语动词的意义，各种形式和解题方法显得非常重要。

二、非谓语动词意义（关键词）
1. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.
2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.
3. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, running away.
4. Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
5. Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
6. falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子V S fallen leaves 落叶（着地了）
boiling water 正在沸腾的水VS boiled water 开水（已沸腾过）
三、非谓语动词的逻辑主语（解题关键）：
(1) 一般说来，句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

解题时，应认真判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语的主、被动关系。

1. (see) from the top of the hill, we find our school looks more beautiful.
2. (see) from the top of the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
3. While watching television, __________.
A. the doorbell rang
B. we heard the doorbell ring
(2) 自己带有逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

如：
1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.
2. He stood at the window, the sun shining upon his face. 他站在窗前，阳光洒在他脸上。

3. Everything taken into consideration, his work is well done. 总的来说，他的工作干得不错。

(3) 非谓语动词作定语：解题时，应认真分析其与所修饰的词在时、体、态上的逻辑关系。

通常情况下，可以转化成定语从句，帮助理解。

如：
1. Prices of daily goods (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
→ Prices of daily goods which are bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
2. There is a great deal of evidence (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
→ There is a great deal of evidence which indicates that music activities engage … the brain.
3. We are invited to a party (hold) in our club next Friday.
→ We are invited to a party which is to be held in our club next Friday.
(4) 非谓语动词作宾语补足语：解题时，应认真分析其与宾语的逻辑关系。

如：
1. Listen! Do you hear someone(call) for help?
2. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English(speak) as
1. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for my dad.
2. Try not to worry if you don’t understand every word of the passage.
3. We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
4. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang who was reported to have broken the world record in the 110-metre hurdle race.
5. Beer is known to have been drunk in ancient times.
6. She pretended to be reading when her mother came in. 她妈妈进来的时候她假装正在看书。

7. You seem to have been waiting for the invitation for a long time.
8. Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
9. Not realizing that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
10. Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
11. Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
12. Having been told many times, he finally understood it.
13. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.
14. Not permitted to pass, he stood outside impatiently. 因为没有被允许，他只得不耐烦地站在外面。

五、动词搭配(常见动词句型如下)：
(1) prep. + doing; (2) V + doing; (3) V+ to do; (4) V+ sb/sth + to do; (5) V+ sb/sth + do; (6) V+ sb/sth + doing; (7) V+ sb/sth + done; (8) etc.
◆ (2018全国卷I 63) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of(die) early by running.
❖ (2018全国卷III64) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
♦ (2018全国卷III74) Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious.
⌧ (2018全国卷III70) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch. ⍓ (北师大版模块1U1L1) It takes me less than fifteen minutes (wash), get (change),have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus. 不到15分钟，我就完成了洗漱、换衣服、离家、坐上公共汽车。

六、非谓语动词VS谓语动词
解题技巧：◆当一个含有动词提示词的句子没有谓语，这时我们就要大胆使用时态和语态。

❖当一个句子已经有了谓语，而所给的动词提示词前后没有连词或引导词，这时我们就要考虑使用非谓语动词；♦如果有了连词或引导词，这时就要具体情况具体分析了。

◆The moon (travel) round the earth. 月亮环绕地球运转。

❖“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, (run) away.
♦a. The sun was shining and birds (sing).阳光照耀，鸟儿啼啭。

一、非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查
1. (2018全国卷I62) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.
2. (2018全国卷II64) Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.
3. (2018全国卷II70) China's approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the
bank's Juergen V oegele.
4. (2018全国卷III65) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel (challenge).
5. (2018浙江卷59) I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
6. (2018浙江卷61) While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.
7. (2017.11浙江卷63) This isn't as hard as it sounds, and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while (read) an interesting piece of literature. 8. (2017.11浙江卷65) Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.
9. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. (2017.1.63)
10. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (2017.1.68)
11. This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. (2017.2.63)
12. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as a model in New York. (2017.3.61)
13. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. (2017.3.65)
14. Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal. (2017ZJ61)
15. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish. (2017ZJ63)
16. Soon after, I was on my way to the show, (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile. (2016.10ZJ60)
17. The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about (begin). (2016.10ZJ61)
18. (2016全国卷I66) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
19. (2016全国卷I67) My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
20. (2016全国卷II69) If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home.
21. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs. (2016.3.63)
22. People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. (2016.3.64)
23. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something (eat)! (2016SC64)
24. A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (2015.1.68.)
25. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (2015.1.70.)
26. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. (2015.2.61.)
27. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to
“air condition” a house without (use) electric equipment. (2015.2.64.)
28. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough
(cool) the house during the hot day. (2015.1.66.)
29. It took years of work (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water. (2014.1.65.)
30. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and
(disappoint). (2014.2.43.)
31-32. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept (ride). (2014.2.46/47.)
二、非谓语动词在短文改错中的考查
1. (2018全国卷I77) My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
2. (2018全国卷II74) As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.
3. (2018全国卷III72) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
4. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the vegetables! (2017.2 )
5. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip. (201
6.2.73)
6. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. (2016.3.78)
7. At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mother’s Day!” Mom was grateful and moving. (2016SC70)
8. He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us. (2016ZJ76)
9. While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit on the top of the fridge. It was both excited and frightening to be up there! (2016ZJ80)
10. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. (2015.2.74)
11. At the party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked, “I might have to re tire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” (2015SX79) 12. My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter! (2015SX80)
13. It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. (2015四川卷改错71)
14. We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. (2015SC74)
三、非谓语动词基础练习
1. (2018北京卷3) _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
2. (2018北京卷6) During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together
_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share
B. to share
C. having shared
D. shared
3. (2018北京卷10) Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used
B. to use
C. using
D. use
4. (2018江苏卷26) Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,
the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded
B. to exceed
C. exceeded
D. exceeding
5. (2018天津卷7) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs ___________.
A. taking
B. taken
C. being taken
D. take
6. (2018天津卷12) I didn't mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I
co uldn’t help it.
A. to eat; to try
B. eating; trying
C. eating; to try
D. to eat; trying
7. The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
8. It remains (see) whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.
9. I got to the office earlier that day, (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.
10. (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
11. There are some health problems that, when not (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.
12. (not know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
13. My advisor encouraged me (take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.
14. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car (wash).
15. With a lot of difficult problems (settle), the newly-elected president is having
a hard time.
16. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried (live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
17. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
18. David threatened (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
19. Listen! Do you hear someone (call) for help?
20. — The last one (arrive) pays the meal.
— Agreed!
21. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only (find) his plane high up in the sky.
22. He was busy writing a story, only (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
23. (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
24. The witnesses (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
25. The sun began to rise in the sky, (bathe) the mountain in golden light.
26. You cannot accept an opinion (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
27. I stopped the car (take) a short break as I was feeling tired.
28. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words (use) in daily conversations.
29. The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand) in one corner.
30. (stay) warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
31. Anyone, once (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
32. (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
33. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
34. He told us whether (have) a picnic was still under discussion.
35. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, (kill) all four people on board.
Key一、1. to see; 2. to improve; 3. feeding; 4. challenged; 5. visiting; 6. have come; 7. reading;
8. learned / learnt; 9. to process; 10. eating; 11. laying; 12. resting; 13. to prove; 14. to cook;
15. swept; 16. carrying; 17. to begin; 18. permitted; 19. introducing; 20. to bring; 21. to create;
22. using; 23. to eat; 24. conducted; 25. living; 26. built; 27. using; 28. to cool; 29. to reduce;
30. disappointed; 31-32. to stop; riding
二、1. sell (→ selling); 2. watching (→ watch); 3. wait (→ waiting); 4. pick (→to pick);
5. take (→ taking);
6. wear (→ wearing);
7. moving (→ moved);
8. knowing;
9. excited (→exciting); 10. looks (→ looking); 11. get (→ to get); 12. enjoy (→enjoying);
13. share (→ to share); 14. sing (→ singing)
三、1. B; 2. B; 3. A; 4. D; 5. B; 6. D; 7. to be completed; 8. to be seen; 9. having caught;
10. Having eaten; 11. treated; 12. Not knowing; 13. to take; 14. washed; 15. to settle; 16. living;
17. seated; 18. to report; 19. calling; 20. to arrive; 21. to find; 22. stopping; 23. Founded;
24. questioned; 25. bathing; 26. offered; 27. to take; 28. used; 29. standing; 30. To stay;
31. tested; 32. Hearing; 33. telling; 34. to have; 35. killing
附录：非谓语动词高考真题精练设计索引。