新概念英语第四册第一单元
新概念英语第四册： Lesson1 Finding fossil man
新概念英语第四册： Lesson1 Finding fossil man 【篇一】 Finding fossil man 发现化石人Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago inthe Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is torecount it as sagas -- legends handed down from onegeneration of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who livedlong ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of themcame from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived solong ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first modern men came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who madethem have disappeared without trace.ROBIN PLACE Finding fossil man【篇二】fossil manadj. 化石人recountv. 叙述sagan. 英雄故事legendn. 传说，传奇migrationn. 迁移，移居anthropologistn. 人类学家archaeologistn. 考古学家ancestorn. 祖先Polynesianadj.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之一群岛)的Indonesian. 印度尼西亚flint。
新概念英语第四册课文
Lesson1We can read of things that happened5,000years ago in the Near East,where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another.These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago,but none could write down what they did.Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from.The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about2,000years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas,if they had any,are forgotten.So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men'came from.Fortunately,however,ancient men made tools of stone,especially flint,because this is easier to shape than other kinds.They may also have used wood and skins,but these have rotted away.Stone does not decay,and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.Lesson2Why,you may wonder,should spiders be our friends?Because they destroy so many insects,and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops andkill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Moreover,unlike some of the other insect eaters,spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings. Spiders are not insects,as many people think,nor even nearly related to them.One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf?One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England,and he estimated that there were more than2,250,000in one acre,that is something like6,000,000spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects.It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill,but they are hungry creatures,not content with only three meals a day.It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.Lesson3Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport,and the more difficult it is,the more highly it is regarded.In the pioneering days,however, this was not the case at all.The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought,especially if it had never been attained before.It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangersof the most perilous nature,equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought,but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim,a solitary goal--the top!It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers.Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix,which had rapidly become popular,Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden;the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old,all washed down with coarse wine.Often a valley boasted no inn at all,and climbers found shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the local priest(who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers.Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty,and very uncomfortable.For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home,the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.Lesson4In the Soviet Union several cases have been reported recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers,and even see through solid doors and walls.One case concerns an'eleven-year-old schoolgirl,Vera Petrova,who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin,and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father.One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe.Suddenly she asked her fatherwhy he kept so many old newspapers locked away there,and even described the way they were done up in bundles.Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of UIyanovsk,near where she lives,and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic.During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and,stranger still,by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it;and,in another instance,wearing stockings and slippers,to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet.Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold;and,indeed,except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin.It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.Lesson5The gorilla is something of a paradox in the African scene.One thinks one knows him very well.For a hundred years or more he has been killed,captured,and imprisoned,in zoos.His bones have been mounted in natural history museums everywhere,and he has always exerted a strong fascination upon scientists and romantics alike.He is the stereotyped monster of the horror films and the adventure books,and an obvious (though not perhaps strictly scientific)linkwith our ancestral past.Yet the fact is we know very little about gorillas.No really satisfactory photograph has ever been taken of one in a wild state,no zoologist,however intrepid,has been able to keep the animal under close and constant observation in the dark jungles in which he lives.Carl Akeley,the American naturalist,led two expeditions in the nineteen-twenties, and now lies buried among the animals heloved so well.But even he was unable to discover how long the gorilla lives,or how or why it dies,nor was he able to define the exact social pattern of the family groups,or indicate the final extent of their intelligence.All this and many other things remain almost as much a mystery as they were when the French explorer Du Chaillu first described the animal to the civilized world a century ago.The Abominable Snowman who haunts the imagination of climbers in the Himalayas is hardly more elusive.Lesson6People are always talking about'the problem of youth'.If there is one—which I take leave to doubt--then it is older people who create it,not the young themselves.Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings--people just like their elders.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him:and maybe that is where the rub is.When I was a teenager,I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in a huge school,and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something sointeresting as a problem.For one thing,being a problem gives you a certain identity,and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.I find young people exciting.They have an air of freedom,and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort.They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things.It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in violent an lovely contrast with us suburban creatures.All that is in my mind when I meet a young person.He may be conceited,ill-mannered,presumptuous of fatuous,but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect for elders--as if mere age were a reason for respect.I accept that we are equals,and I will argue with him,as an equal,if I think he is wrong.Lesson7I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations,and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket,they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.Even if one didn't know from concrete examples(the1936Olympic Games,for instance)that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred,one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.You play to win,and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.On the village green,where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved,it is possible to play simplyfor the fun and exercise:but as soon as the question of prestige arises,as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose,the most savage combative instincts are aroused.Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare.But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators:and,behind the spectators,of the nations.who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests,and seriously believe--at any rate for short periods--that running,jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.Lesson8Parents have to do much less for their children today than they used to do,and home has become much less of a workshop.Clothes can be bought ready made,washing can go to the laundry,food can be bought cooked,canned or preserved,bread is baked and delivered by the baker,milk arrives on the doorstep,meals can be had at the restaurant, the works'canteen,and the school dining-room.It is unusual now for father to pursue his trade or other employment at home,and his children rarely,if ever,see him at his place of work.Boys are therefore seldom trained to follow their father's occupation,and in many towns they have a fairly wide choice of employment and so do girls.The young wage-earner often earns good money,and soon acquires a feeling of economic independence.In textile areas it has long been customary for mothers to go out to work,but thispractice has become so widespread that the working mother is now a not unusual factor in a child's home life,the number of married women in employment having more than doubled in the last twenty-five years.With mother earning and his older children drawing substantial wages father is seldom the dominant figure that he still was at the beginning of the century.When mother workseconomic advantages accrue,but children lose something of great value if mother's employment prevents her from being home to greet them when they return from school.Lesson9Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions.Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside,an echo will come back.The further off this solid obstruction the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo.A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom,and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus,now in general use in ships.Every solid object will reflect a sound,varying ac-cording to the size and nature of the object.A shoal of fish will do this.So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the seabottom to locating a shoal of fish.With experience,and with improved apparatus,it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring,cod,or other well-known fish,by the pattern of its echo.A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles--or locate flying insects on which they feed.This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar,the principle of which is similar.Lesson10In our new society there is a growing dislike of original,creative men.The manipulated do not understand them;the manipulators fear them.The tidy committee men regard them with horror,knowing that no pigeonholes can be found for them.We could do with a few original,creative men in our political life—if only to create some enthusiasm, release some energy--but where are they?We are asked to choose between various shades of the negative.The engine is falling to pieces while the joint owners of the car argue whether the footbrake or the handbrake should be applied.Notice how the cold, colourless men,without ideas and with no other passion but a craving for success,get on in this society,capturing one plum after another and taking the juice and taste out of them.Sometimes you might think the machines we worship make all the chief appointments,promoting the human beings who seem closest to them.Between mid-night and dawn,when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache,I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people,allnumbered and registered,with not a gleam of genius anywhere,not an original mind,a rich personality,on the whole packed globe.The twin ideals of our time,organization and quantity,will have won for ever.Lesson11Alfred the Great acted as his own spy,visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport.Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney,the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum,the commander of the Danish invaders.These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham:thither Alfred went.He noticed at once that discipline was slack:the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors,and their security precautions were casual.They lived well,on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions.There they collected women as well as food and drink,and a life of ease had made them soft.Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney.The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde.But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle:and that their commissariat had no organization,but depended on irregular raids.So,faced with the Danish advance,Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.He was constantly on the move,drawing the Danes after him.His patrols haltedthe raiding parties:hunger assailed the Danish army.Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes--and within a month the Danes had surrendered.The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!Lesson12What characterizes almost all Hollywood pictures is their inner emptiness.This is compensated for by an outer impressiveness.Such impressiveness usually takes the form of truly grandiose realism.Nothing is spared to make the setting,the costumes,all of the surface details correct.These efforts help to mask the essential emptiness of the characterization,and the absurdities and trivialities of the plots.The houses look like houses,the streets look like streets;the people look and talk like people;but they are empty of humanity,credibility,and motivation.Needless to say,the disgraceful censorship code is an important factor in predetermining the content of these pictures. But the code does not disturb the profits,nor the entertainment value of the films;it merely helps to prevent them from being credible.It isn't too heavy a burden for the industry to bear.In addition to the impressiveness of the settings,there is a use of the camera,which at times seems magical.But of what human import is all this skill,all this effort,all this energy in the production of effects,when the story,the representation of life is hollow,stupid,banal,childish?Lesson13Oxford has been ruined by the motor industry.The peace which Oxford once knew,and which a great university city should always have,has been swept ruthlessly away;and no benefactions and research endowments can make up for the change in character which the city has suffered.At six in the morning the old courts shake to the roar of buses taking the next shift to Cowley and Pressed Steel,great lorries with a double deck cargo of cars for export lumber past Magdalen and the University Church.Loads of motor-engines are hurried hither and thither and the streets are thronged with a population which has no interest in learning and knows no studies beyond servo-systems and distributors,compression ratios and camshafts.Theoretically the marriage of an old seat of learning and tradition with a new and wealthy industry might be expected to produce some interesting children.It might have been thought that the culture of the university would radiate out and transform the lives of the workers.That this has not happened may be the fault of the university,for at both Oxford and Cambridge the colleges tend tolive in an era which is certainly not of the twentieth century,and upon a planet which bears little resemblance to the war-torn Earth.Wherever the fault may lie the fact remains that it is the theatre at Oxford and not at Cambridge which is on the verge of extinction,and the only fruit of the combination of industry and the rarefied atmosphere of learning is the dust in the streets,and a pathetic sense of being lost which hangs over some of the colleges.Lesson14Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death.In the young there is a justification for this feeling.Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows,and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do,the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble.The best way to overcome it-so at least it seems to me----is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal,until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede,and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.An individual human existence should be like a river--small at first,narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.Gradually the river grows wider,the banks recede,the waters flow more quietly,and in the end,without any visible break,they become merged in the sea,and painlessly lose their individual being.The man who,in old age,can see his life in this way,will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue.And it,with the decay of vitality,weariness increases,the thought of rest will be not unwelcome.I should wish to die while still at work,knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do,and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.Lesson15When anyone opens a current account at a bank,he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time,either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.Primarily,the banker-customer relationship is that of debtorand creditor--who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.But,in addition to that basically simple concept,the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer,unlike,say,a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.The bank must obey its customer's instructions,and not those of anyone else.When,for example,a customer first opens an account,he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself.He gives the bank specimens of his signature,and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque on which its customer's signature has been forged.It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one:the bank must recognize its customer's signature.For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the modern practice,adopted by some banks,of printing the customer's name on his cheques.If this facilitates forgery it is the bank which will lose,not the customer.Lesson16The deepest holes of all are made for oil,and they go down to as much as25,000feet. But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out,as we must with other mineral deposits.The holes are only borings,less than a foot in diameter.My particular experience is largely in oil,and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity.When it has been decided where we are going to drill,we put up at the surface an oil derrick.It has to be tall because it is like a giant block andtackle,and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached,so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit.It cuts a clean cylinder of rock,from which can be seen he strata the drill has been cutting through.Once we get down to the oil,it usually flows to the surface because great pressure,either from gas or water,is pushing it.This pressure must be under control,and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe.We endeavour to avoid the old,romantic idea of a gusher,which wastes oil and gas.We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.Lesson17The fact that we are not sure what'intelligence'is,nor what is passed on,does not prevent us from finding it a very useful working concept,and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which'measure'it.In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individual's ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds,and if we have taken a representative sample it will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.This became of particular importance when,as a result of the1944Education Act, secondary schooling for all became law,and grammar schools,with the exception of asmall number of independent foundation schools,became available to the whole population.Since the number of grammar schools in the country could accommodate at most approximately25per cent of the total child population of eleven-plus,some kind of selection had to be made.Narrowly academic examinations and tests were felt,quite rightly,to be heavily weighted in favour of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased homes.Intelligence tests were devised to counteract this narrow specialization,by introducing problems which were not based on specifically scholastically-acquired knowledge.The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think,reason,judge,analyse and synthesize by presenting him with situations,both verbal and practical,which are within his range of competence and understanding.Lesson18Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific in industry.One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out,the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker.In so far as any inquiry is a secret one,it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities,or even,often enough,in other departments of the same firm.The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably.Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret.Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage atwhich patents can be taken out.Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes.This applies particularly to chemical industries,where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned.Many firms,for instance,have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.Lesson19A gentleman is,rather than does.He is interested in nothing in a professional way.He is allowed to cultivate hobbies,even eccentricities,but must not practise a vocation.He must know how to ride and shoot and cast a fly.He should have relatives in the army and navy and at least one connection in the diplomatic service.But there are weaknesses in the English gentleman's ability to rule us today.He usually knows nothing of political economy and less about how foreign countries are governed.He does not respect learning and prefers'sport'.The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function,and here grave difficulties arise.He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer,who must buy,not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell.He attends inadequately to technological development.Disbelieving in the necessity of large-scale production in the modern world,he is passionately devoted to excessive secrecy,both in finance andmethod of production.He has an incurable and widespread nepotism in appointment, discounting ability and relying upon a mystic entity called'character,'which means,in a gentleman's mouth,the qualities he traditionally possesses himself.His lack of imagination and the narrowness of his social loyalties have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm.He is incapable of that imaginative realism which admits that this is a new world to which he must adjust himself and his institutions,that every privilege he formerly took as of right he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare.Lesson20In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected.Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost,in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines,and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.The great cities have been built with no regard for us.The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground,and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them.This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.Civilized men like such a way of living.While。
新概念英语第四册Lesson1Lesson1Findingfossilman讲义
Lesson 1 Finding fossil manWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.(by ROBIN PLACE - from Finding fossil man)New words and expressionsanthropologist /ˌænθrəˈpɑ:lədʒɪst/ n. 人类学家archaeologist /ˌɑrkɪˈɑlədʒɪst/ n. 考古学家ancestor /ˈænˌsɛstɚ/ n. 祖先fossil man /ˈfɑsəl mæn/ adj. 化石人recount /rɪˈkaʊnt/ v. 叙述saga /ˈsɑɡə/ n. 英雄故事legend /ˈlɛdʒənd/ n. 传说，传奇migration /maɪˈɡreʃən/ n. 迁移，移居Polynesian /.pɒlɪ'nɪʒɪrn/ adj.波利尼西亚（中太平洋之一群岛）的Indonesia /ˌɪndə'ni:ʒə/ n. 印度尼西亚flint /flɪnt/ n. 燧石rot /rɑ:t/ n. 烂掉发现化石人我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。
新概念英语第4册课文(中英文对照)
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.参考译文我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。
新概念英语第四册Lesson1：Finding fossil man
新概念英语第四册Lesson1：Finding fossil manUnit 1 新概念英语4 Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago inthe Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is torecount it as sagas -- legends handed down from onegeneration of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who livedlong ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of themcame from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived solong ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who madethem have disappeared without trace.ROBIN PLACE Finding fossil manfossil man (title)adj. 化石人recountv. 叙述sagan. 英雄故事legendn. 传说，传奇migrationn. 迁移，移居anthropologistn. 人类学家archaeologistn. 考古学家ancestorn. 祖先Polynesianadj.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之一群岛)的Indonesian. 印度尼西亚flintn. 燧石rotn. 烂掉参考译文我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。
新概念英语第四册第一单元课文语法
新概念英语第四册第一单元课文语法Lesson 1 Finding fossil manWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first ‘modern men’ came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. (NCE Book Four)【语法项目】where引出的定语从句【课文原句】We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.【经典例句】Where there is a life, there is hope.哪里有生命，哪里就有希望。
新概念英语第四册Lesson1Findingfossilman课件
• myth / mythology • Greek myths / mythology
• He had lived in it (the old West) as a child when it was already disappearing, and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier. [NCE4-L21]
with men.
• 造句：但是现在在中国依然有部分地区人们还吃不饱肚子。 （satisfy one’s hunger）
• But there are some parts of China where even now people cannot satisfy their hunger.
③ The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another.
• Much to the aristocrat’s amusement, the gaoer returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter and he proceeded to read it to the prisoner.
• 造句：越来越多的人对英语有兴趣。 • There are more and more people who are interested in English. • There is growing interest in English.
新概念第四册 Unit 1 Lesson 1~4复习
Unit 1 Lesson 1~4复习1.fossil adj.石化的~ botany 古植物学~fuels 矿物燃料living ~ 活化石cobble 鹅卵石2.recount v.叙述Eg:I let Henry recount the incident in his own words.3.migrate v.迁徙Immigrate (从国外）移入emigrate 移居/住（国外）travel 旅行4.remote adj.远的Be ~ from:远离5.rot v.烂掉leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death.Rot away sth:腐烂某物rot (sth) down:使某物腐烂6.decay v.腐烂. Fall into ~ =go to ~=in ~ 腐朽，衰败7.Flock n.成群in flocks:成群的，大批的flocks and herds 牛群和羊群the birds of the same feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。
8.beast n.兽make a ~ of oneself:行同禽兽9.Census n.统计数据the fifth national population census.第五次人口普查10.content adj.满足的Be ~ with sth:满足于某事To be ~to do sth:乐于做某事Eg:He is content with drinking juice.contented heart :心满意足的人11.attain v.到达=to get to/to arrive at/inEg:Children of below average intelligence can sometimes attain high standards(达到高水平）in tasks which interest them.to attain one’s goal=realizeto attain the top/peak/summit 达到顶点attain youth 永葆青春12.peril n.极大危险的at one’s ~:自担风险Eg:You do it at your peril.13.court v.追求at ~:在宫中in ~:在法庭上be out of ~:被驳回bring into/to ~:诉诸法律14.impoverish v.使贫困~ soil by overuse:过度耕作而使土壤变得贫瘠Eg:Heavy rain and excessive use have impoverished the soil.A great many man will cheerfully face impoverishment if they can secure complete ruin for their rival,hence present level of taxation.许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税收水平。
新概念英语第四册第一单元单词学习
新概念英语第四册第一单元单词学习fossil man 化石人['fɔsl]recount 叙述：[,ri:'kaunt]I recounted the tale to Steve.我把故事讲给史蒂夫听。
He recounts how they often talked of politics.他讲述他们如何常常谈论政治。
He recounted to us his childhood adventures.他向我们讲述了他孩提时代的种种历险。
He recounted all the happenings of the day.他详细叙述那天发生的一切事情She recounted her sins.她依次数说她的罪恶。
【搭配】ADV.vividly recount 生动地叙述:The story of his life is vividly recounted in this new book. 这本新书生动地描述了他的一生。
He recounted his adventures.他描述自己的奇遇。
【SYNONYM】describe, detail, narrate, recite, relate, report, retail, tell.同义词：narrate recite relate review telldescribe 描述represent 再现relate 叙述narrate 叙述state 陈述，声明saga 英雄故事['sɑ:gə]a long story of heroic achievement, especially a medieval prose narrative in Old Norse or OldIcelandic 萨迦（关于英雄业绩的长篇故事，尤指用古挪威语或古冰岛语记载的中世纪叙事散文）a figure straight out of a Viking saga直接出自北欧海盗萨迦的人物。
新概念英语第四册Lesson1_4课文注释
新概念英语第四册Lesson1~4课文注释新概念英语第四册Lesson1课文注释1.hand down 把...传下去例句：Many old legends were handed down from generation by mouth.许多古老的传说都是一代一代口传下来了。
2.read of，读到，和read about是相同的意思。
谈到：speak of，talk of了解到：know of听到：hear of3.the first people，原始人people+s 表示民族4.if they had any: 即便是有，表假设例句：His relatives, if he had any, never went to visit him when he was hospitalized.他的亲戚，即便他还有的话，在他住院时也从来不去看他。
5.when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace，这个以when引导的状语从句表示让步的意思，而when可以译成“虽然”，“尽管”。
新概念英语第四册Lesson2课文注释1、you may wonder 是这个疑问句的插入语。
2、if it were not for the protection we get from inscet-eating animals 这是一个非真实条件状语从句，were表示虚拟语气。
3、almost at a glance 几呼一眼(就能看出)。
新概念英语第四册Lesson3课文注释1、in the pioneering days,在初创时期，这里指登山运动的初创期。
2、equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought,他们的装备如此简陋，足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。
新概念英语第四册Lesson1_4生词和短语
新概念英语第四册Lesson1~4生词和短语新概念英语第四册Lesson1生词和短语anthropologist /ˌænθrəˈpɑ:lədʒɪst/ n. 人类学家archaeologist /ˌɑrkɪˈɑlədʒɪst/ n. 考古学家ancestor /ˈænˌsɛstɚ/ n. 祖先fossil man /ˈfɑsəl mæn/ adj. 化石人recount /rɪˈkaʊnt/ v. 叙述saga /ˈsɑɡə/ n. 英雄故事legend /ˈlɛdʒənd/ n. 传说，传奇migration /maɪˈɡreʃən/ n. 迁移，移居Polynesian /.pɒlɪ'nɪʒɪrn/ adj.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之一群岛)的Indonesia /ˌɪndə'ni:ʒə/ n. 印度尼西亚flint /flɪnt/ n. 燧石rot /rɑ:t/ n. 烂掉新概念英语第四册Lesson2生词和短语insect n. 昆虫devour v. 吞食flock n. 羊群herd n. 牧群beast n. 野兽fraction n. 小部分census n. 统计数字acre n. 英亩content adj. 满足的新概念英语第四册Lesson3生词和短语Matterhorn /ˈmætɚˌhɔrn/ n. 马特霍恩峰(阿尔卑斯山峰之一，在意大利和瑞士边境) alpinist /ˈælpɪnɪst/ n.登山运动员pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/ v.开辟，倡导;n.先锋，开辟者summit /ˈsʌmɪt/ n. 顶峰attain /əˈten/ v. 到达perilous /ˈpɛrələs/ adj. 危险的shudder /ˈʃʌdɚ/ v. 不寒而栗court /kɔrt/ v. 追求solitary /ˈsɑlɪˌtɛri/ adj. 的impoverish /ɪmˈpɑvərɪʃ/ v. 使贫困Alpine /ˈælˌpaɪn/ adj. 阿尔卑斯山的flea-ridden /fli: 'rɪdn/ adj. 布满跳蚤的coarse /kɔrs/ adj. 粗劣的boast /bost/ v.自恃有parishioner /pəˈrɪʃənɚ/ n. 教区居民shepherd /ˈʃepərd/ n.牧羊人linen /ˈlɪnən/ n.亚麻布床单the Alps /ei ælps/ n.阿尔卑斯山脉新概念英语第四册Lesson4生词和短语solid /ˈsɑlɪd/ adj 坚实的safe /sef/ n.保险柜Ulyanovsk /ulˈjɑnəfsk/ n.乌里扬诺夫斯克commission /kəˈmɪʃən/ n.委员会opaque /oʊˈpeɪk/ adj.不透明的lotto /'lɑ:toʊ/ n.一种有编号的纸牌slipper /ˈslɪpɚ/ n.拖鞋blindfold /ˈblaɪndfoʊld/ adj.& adv. 被蒙上眼睛的。
新概念英语第四册第一单元
新概念英语第四册第一单元新概念英语第四册第一单元单词学习新概念英语第四册第一单元单词学习fossil man 化石人['f?sl]recount 叙述：[,ri:'kaunt]I recounted the tale to Steve.我把故事讲给史蒂夫听。
He recounts how they often talked of politics.他讲述他们如何常常谈论政治。
He recounted to us his childhood adventures.他向我们讲述了他孩提时代的种种历险。
He recounted all the happenings of the day.他详细叙述那天发生的一切事情She recounted her sins.她依次数说她的罪恶。
【搭配】ADV.vividly recount 生动地叙述:The story of his life is vividly recounted in this new book. 这本新书生动地描述了他的一生。
He recounted his adventures.他描述自己的奇遇。
【SYNONYM】describe, detail, narrate, recite, relate, report, retail, tell.同义词：narrate recite relate review telldescribe 描述represent 再现relate 叙述narrate 叙述state 陈述，声明saga 英雄故事['sɑ:g?]a long story of heroic achievement, especially amedieval prose narrative in Old Norse or Old Icelandic 萨迦（关于英雄业绩的长篇故事，尤指用古挪威语或古冰岛语记载的中世纪叙事散文）a figure straight out of a Viking saga直接出自北欧海盗萨迦的人物。
新概念第四册lesson1
Who can predict the misery that may befall humankind? 谁又能够预测可能降临到人类头上的灾难呢？
Woe betide the poor soldier. 不幸降临于可怜的士兵身上。
常作 preserves 蜜饯：为保护免遭腐坏或发酵而用糖煮的水果
An area maintained for the protection of wildlife or natural resources.
野生动物保护区：为保护野生动物或自然资源而保存的地区
Something considered as being the exclusive province of certain persons:
4. able 一般用作正面意义，指好人好事；capable是中性词，既可指好事，亦可指坏事
That guy is capable of anything！那家伙什么勾当都会干得出来！
5. ability是可以通过练习或锻炼获得的，而capability则是固有的能力，它与练习或锻炼无关。I do not doubt his ability to do the work．He has the capability to benefit from university education．
地缘政治学
Near East(近东)：亚洲西南部地区，通常包括土耳其，黎巴嫩、以色列、伊朗、约旦、沙特阿拉伯和阿拉伯半岛的其他一些国家。非洲东北部的埃及和苏丹有时被认为是该地区的一部分；
Middle East（中东）：包括亚洲西南部国家和非洲东北部国家的地区，在20世纪这个地区政治、经济动荡不断。
新概念英语第四册美音版
新概念英语第四册美音版Unit 1 A private conversation 私人谈话In this unit, we are going to learn about a private conversation between two friends, Ann and Li Mei. Ann shares with Li Mei her frustrating experience at her recent job interview. The conversation provides a glimpse into the challenges and emotions one faces during such a situation.The dialogue begins with Ann expressing herdisappointment at not getting the job she had interviewed for. She explains how well-prepared she was and how confident she felt during the interview process. However, despite her qualifications and efforts, she was informed she did not meet their requirements.Ann details the questions she was asked during the interview and gives examples of how she responded. She mentions her efforts to highlight her skills, experience, and commitment to the job. Though she had rehearsed her answers beforehand, she admits feeling nervous during the actual interview.Li Mei empathizes with Ann and offers words of encouragement. She advises Ann to keep trying and reminds her of the valuable experience gained from each interview. Li Mei shares her own experience of facing rejection in jobinterviews and how it ultimately led her to a better opportunity.Ann agrees with Li Mei's perspective and expresses her determination to learn from this experience and improve her interview skills. She mentions looking into resources such asinterview preparation books and seeking guidance from career counselors.The conversation concludes with both friends discussing the importance of staying positive and maintaining confidence during difficult times. They emphasize the significance of perseverance and learning from failures to achieve success in the future.In conclusion, this conversation serves as a reminder of the challenges individuals face during job interviews and the importance of resilience and learning from setbacks. It highlights the value of seeking support from friends and utilizing available resources to improve one's chances of success. By analyzing this dialogue, readers can gaininsights into the dynamics of job interviews and the emotional journey individuals go through during this process.。
新概念英语第四册单词
Lesson 01 Finding fossil man1 fossil man /'f? s? l-'m? n/ adj.化石人2 recount /ri'kaunt/ v.表达3 saga /'sa:g?/ n.英雄故事4 legend /'led? ? nd/ n.传说，传奇5 migration /mai'grei? ?n/ n.迁移，移居6 anthropologist /?nθr? 'p ? l ?d?ist/ n.人类学家7 archaeologist /'a:ki? 'l? d? ist/ n.考古学家8 ancestor /'?nsist? / n.祖先9 Polynesian /p?li'ni:zj? n/ adj.波利尼西亚 ( 中太平洋之一群岛 ) 的10 Indonesia /'ind?u'ni:zj?/ n.印度尼西亚11 flint /flint/ n.燧石12 rot /r ?t/ v.烂掉Lesson 02 Spare that spider1 beast /bi:st/ n.野兽2 census /'sens? s/ n. 统计数字3 acre /'eik?/ n.英亩4 content /k?n'tent/ adj.满足的Lesson 03 Matterhorn man1Matterhorn /'m? t ? h? :n/ n.马特霍恩峰 ( 阿尔卑斯山峰之一 )2alpinist /'?lpinist/ n.登山运发动3 pioneer /'pai?'ni? / v.开辟，倡导； n.先锋，开辟者4 summit /'s?mit/ n.顶峰5 attain /?'tein/ v.到达6 perilous /'peril?s/ adj.危险的7 shudder /'?? d? / v. 不寒而栗8 court /k?:t/ v.追求19 solitary /'s? lit? ri/ adj.唯一的10 impoverish /im'p? v? ri ? / v. 使贫困11 Alpine /'?lpain/ adj.阿尔卑斯山的12 flea-ridden adj.布满跳蚤的13 coarse /k?:s/ adj.粗劣的14 boast /b? ust/ v.自恃有15 parishioner /p?'ri?? n?/ n. 教区居民16 shepherd /'? ep? d/ n.牧羊人17 linen /'linin/ n.亚麻布18 the Alps /? lps/ n.阿尔卑斯山脉Lesson041solid /'s?l id/ adj.坚实的2safe /seif/ n.保险柜3Ulyanovsk /u:'lja:n?fsk/ n.乌里扬诺夫斯克4 commission /k ? 'mi ? ? n/ n.委员会5 opaque / ? u'peik/ adj.不透明的6 lotto /'l? tou/ n.一种有编号的纸牌7 slipper /'slip? / n.拖鞋8 blindfold /'blaindf? uld/ adj. & adv.被蒙上眼睛的Lesson05 Youth1 leave /li:v/ n.允许2 fundamentals /f?nd? 'mentlz/ n.根本原那么3 glorious /'gl? :ri?s/ adj. 光芒灿烂的4 splendid /'splendid/ adj.灿烂的5 rub /r ? b/ n.难题6 identity /ai'dentiti/ n.身份7 dreary /'dri?ri/ adj.沉郁的28 commitment /k? 'mitm ? nt/ n.信奉9 mean /mi:n/ adj.吝啬，小气10 social climber追求更高社会地位的人，向上爬的人11 devotion /di'v?u?? n/ n.热爱12 cosmic /'k? zmik/ adj.宇宙的13 suburban /s? 'b ? :b ? n/ adj. 见识不广的，偏狭的14 conceited /k? n'si:tid/ adj.自高自大的15 presumptuous /pri'z? mptju ? s/ adj. 自以为是的，放肆的16 fatuous /'f? tju?s/ adj.愚蠢的17cliche /'kli:? ei/ n.陈词滥调Lesson06 The sporting spirit1 goodwill n.友好2 cricket /'krikit/ n.板球3 inclination /'inkli'nei? ?n/ n.意愿4 contest /k?n'test, 'k? ntest/ n.比赛5 orgy /' ?:d ? i/ n.无节制，放纵6 deduce /di'dju:s/ v.推断7 competitive /k?m'petitiv/ adj.竞争性的8 patriotism /'p?tri? tizm/ n.地方观念，爱国主义9 disgrace /dis'greis/ v.使丢脸10 savage /'s? vid ? / adj.野性的11 combative /'k?mb?tiv/ adj.好斗的12 mimic warfare n.模拟战争13 behaviour /bi'heivj?/ n.行动，举止14 absurd /? b's ?:d/ adj.荒唐的Lesson 07 Bats1 bat /b ? t/ n.蝙蝠32 strictly /'striktli/ adv.明确地3 utilitarian /'ju:tili't?? ri?n/ adj.实用的4 appreciation /? 'pri:?i'ei ??n/ n.理解5 obstruction /? b'str?k?? n/ n.障碍物6elapse /i'l? ps/ v.消逝7 hull /h? l/ n.船体8 interval /'int? v?l/ n.间隔9 receipt /ri'si:t/ n.收到10 apparatus /,? p? 'reit?s/ n.仪器11 shoal /? ? ul/ n.鱼群12 herring /'heri? / n.鲱鱼13 cod /k? d/ n.鳕鱼14 squeak /skwi:k/ n.尖叫声Lesson 08 Trading standards1 slaughter /'sl? :t ? / v.屠宰2 fit /fit/ adj.适合3 grace /greis/ v.给增光4 tariff /'t? rif/ n.关税5 standard /'st? nd? d/ n.标准6 dialysis /dai'? lisis/ n.别离，分解；透析，渗析7 electrocute /i'lektr?kjut/ v.使触电身亡8 eliminate /i'limineit/ v.消灭9 accord /? 'k ? :d/ n.协议10 device /di'vais/ n.仪器，器械11 hammer out v.推敲12 pact /p ? kt/ n.合同，条约，公约Lesson 09 Royal espionage41 espionage n.间谍活动2 Danish /'deini? / adj.丹麦的，丹麦人的，丹麦语的3 minstrel /'minstr? l/ n.中世纪的吟游歌手4 wandering /'w? nd? ri ?/ adj.漫游的5 harp /ha:p/ n.竖琴6 ballad /'b? l ? d/ n. 民歌7 acrobatic /'? kr ?'b ? tik/ adj.杂技的8 conjuring /'k? nd? ? ri?/ n.魔术9 Athelney n. 阿塞尔纳 ( 英国一个小岛 )10 Chippenham n. 切本哈姆 ( 英国一城市 )11 thither /'e i e ?/ adv.向那里12 Dane /dein/ n.丹麦人13 slack /sl? k/ adj.松散的14 conqueror /'k? ? k? r ? / n.征服者15 casual /'k?? ju ? l/ adj.马虎的，随便的16 precaution /pri'k? : ??n/ n.预防，警惕17 proceeds n.所得18 assemble /? 'sembl/ v.集合19 trivial /'trivi?l/ adj.微缺乏道的20 prolonged adj.持久的21 commissary /'k?mis? ri/ n.军粮供给22 episode /'epis?ud/ n.一个事件，片断23 epic /'epik/ n.史诗24 harry /'h? ri/ v.骚扰25 assail / ? 'seil/ v.袭击26 skirmish /'sk? :mi ? / n.小规模战斗Lesson 10 Silicon valley51 silicon /'silik? n/ n.硅2 integrated /'int? greitid/ adj.综合的3 circuit /'s? :kit/ n.线路，电路4 California /'k? li'f ? :nj ? / n.加利福尼亚(美国州名)5 workstation n.工作站6 chip /t ? ip/ n.芯片，集成电路片，集成块7 newsletter /nju:z'let? / n.时事通讯8 Macintosh n.苹果机，一种个人电脑9 penalize /'pi:nlaiz/ v.处分，惩罚10 customize v.按顾客具体需要制造11 spawn /sp ? :n/ v.引起，酿成12 thrive /θraiv/ v.兴旺，繁荣13 anarchy /'? n? ki/ n. 无政府状态，混乱14 oriental /'? ri'entl/ n.东方人15 constitute /'k? nstitju:t/ v.构成16 drove /dr? uv/ n.群17 innovator /'inouveit? / n.改革者18 forge /f? :d ? / v.开展19 memory-chip n.内存条20. AT&T 美国电报公司 (American Telephone and Telegraph)21 Kansas /'k ? nz? s/ n.堪萨斯(美国州名)22 Missouri /m ? 'zuri/ n.密苏里(美国州名)Lesson 11 How to grow old1 oppress / ? 'pres/ v.忧郁，压抑2 justification /'d? ? stifi'kei? ? n/ n.正当理由3 justifiably /-fai? bli/ adv.无可非议地4 cheat /t ? i:t/ v.欺骗65 abject /'? bd?ekt/ adj.可怜的6 ignoble /ig'n?ubl/ adj.不体面的，可耻的7 impersonal /im'p? :s ?nl/ adj.超脱个人感情影响的8 ego /'eg? u/ n.自我9 recede /ri'si:d/ v.退去10 increasingly /in'kri:si?li/ adv.日益，不断11 passionately adv.激昂地12 painlessly adv.毫无痛苦地13 vitality /vai't? liti/ n.精力14 weariness /wi? rinis/ n.疲惫感Lesson 12 Banks and their customers1 current /'k? r ? nt/ adj.通用的，流行的2 account /? 'kaunt/ n.账户3 cash /k ?? / n.现金4 cheque /t? ek/ n.支票5 debtor /'det?/ n.借方6 creditor /'kredit? / n.贷方7 obligation /'? bli'gei?? n/ n.义务8 complication /'k?mpli'kei ? ?n/ n. 纠纷9 debit /'debit/ v.把记入借方10 specimen /'spesimin/ n.样本11 forge /f? :d ? / v.开展12 forgery /'f?:d ??ri/ n.伪造 ( 文件，签名等 )13 adopt / ? 'd ?pt/ v.采用14 facilitate /f? 'siliteit/ v.使便利Lesson 13 The search for oil71 mineral /'min? r ? l/ adj.矿物的2 boring /'b? :ri ? / n.钻孔3 derrick /'derik/ n.井架4 block and tackle滑轮组5 haul /h ?:l/ v.拖，拉6 rotate /r?u'teit/ v.使转动7 cutting bit钻头8 geologist /d?i' ? l ? d?ist/ n.地质学家9 coring bit取芯钻头10 cylinder /'silind?/ n.圆柱体11strata /'streit? / n.岩层［复］ ( ［单］ stratum)12 circulate /'s? :kjuleit/ v.注入，环流13 gusher n.喷油井Lesson 14 The Butterfly Effect1 forecast /'f?:ka:st/ n.预报2 speculative /'spekjul? tiv/ adj.推测的3 blizzard /'bliz? d/ n.暴风雪4 deteriorate /di'ti?ri?reit/ v.变坏，恶化5 multiply /'m?ltiplai/ v.增加6 cascade /k? s'keid/ v.瀑布似地落下7 turbulent /'t? :bjul?nt/ adj.狂暴的8 dust devil小尘暴，尘旋风9 squall /skw? :l/ n.暴风10 eddy /'edi/ n.旋涡11 grid /grid/ n.坐标方格12 sensor /'sens? / n.传感器13 humidity /hju:'miditi/ n.湿度814 meteorologist n.气象学家15 Princeton /'prinst? n/ n.普林斯顿 ( 美国城市名 )16 New Jersey n.新泽西 ( 美国州名 )17 fluctuation /'fl? ktju'ei? ?n/ n. 起伏，波动18 deviation /'di:vi'ei? ?n/ n.偏差Lesson 15 Secrecy in industry1 secrecy n.秘密2 effectiveness /i'fektivnis/ n.成效，效力3 inquiry /in'kwai? ri/ n.调查研究4 positive /'p? z? tiv/ adj.确实的5 process /'pr? uses/ n.过程6 patent /'peit?n t/ n.专利 v.得到专利权7 agent /'eid? ?n t/ n.情报人员Lesson 16 The modern city1 physiological /'fizi?'l ? d? ik ? l/ adj.生理的2 maximum /'m ? ksim? m/ adj.最大限度的3 consideration /k? n'sid ? 'rei? ? n/ n. 考虑4 descendant /di'send? nt/ n.子孙，后代5 artificial /'a:ti'fi?? l/ adj.人工的6 impose /im'p? uz/ v.强加7 dimension /di'men? ? n/ n.直径8 skyscraper /'skai'skreip?/ n.摩天大楼9 tenant /'ten? nt/ n.租户10 civilized /'sivilaizd/ adj.文明的11 banal /b ?'na:l/ adj.平庸的12 luxury /'l? k? ? ri/ n.豪华13 deprive /di'praiv/ v.剥夺914 monstrous /'m ? nstr ? s/ adj.畸形的15edifice /'edifis/ n.大厦16 toxic /'t? ksik/ adj.有毒的17 ceaselessly /'si:slisli/ adv.不停地18 throng /θr? ? / v.挤满，壅塞Lesson 17 A man-made disease1 settlement /'setlm?nt/ n.新拓居地2enterprising /'ent? praizi?/ adj.有事业心的3 settler /'setl? / n.移居者4 Antipodes /? n'tip?di:z/ n. (the～ ) 新西兰和澳大利亚 ( 英 )5 promiscuous /pr?'miskju? s/ adj.杂乱的6 abandon /? 'b ? nd? n/ n.放任，纵情7 overrun /? uv? 'r? n/ v.蔓延，泛滥8 devastation /dev? 'stei? ?n/ n.破坏，劫掠9 burrow /'b? r ? u/ v.挖、掘10 susceptible /s?'sept?bl/ adj.易受感染的11 virus /'vai?r ?s/ n.病毒12 myxomatosis /'miks? m? 't ? usis/ n. 多发性粘液瘤13 infect /in'fekt/ v.传染14 epidemic /'epi'demik/ n.流行病15 mosquito /m ? s'ki:t? u/ n.蚊虫16 carrier /'k?ri ? / n.带菌者17 exterminate /eks't? :mineit/ v.消灭18 ironically /ai'r? nik ?li/ adv.具有挖苦意味地19 bequeath /bi'kwi:e/ v.把传给20 pest /pest/ n.害虫，有害动物21 pestilence /'pestil?ns/ n.瘟疫1022 confine /k?n'fain/ n.范围23 domesticate /d? 'mestikeit/ v.驯养Lesson 18 Porpoises 1 porpoise n.海豚2 mariner /'m?rin?/ n.水手3 shark / ?a:k/ n.鲨鱼4 formation /f? :'mei?? n/ n.队形5 dolphin /'d?lfin/ n.海豚科动物6 unconscious /? n'k ? ? ? s/ adj.不省人事的7 beaver /'bi:v? / n.海狸8 ashore / ? ' ?? :/ adv.上岸9 waterlogged adj.浸满水的10 scent /sent/ n.香味11 ensue /in'sju:/ v.接着发生12 intrigue /in'tri:g/ v.引起兴趣13 indignity /in'digniti/ n.侮辱14 snout /snaut/ n.口鼻部15 shove / ? ? v/ v.硬推16 aquaplane /' ? kw? plein/ n.驾浪滑水板17oceanarium /'ou ? ? n' ? ? ri- ? m/ n.水族馆18 swoop /swu:p/ v.猛扑19 belly /'beli/ n.腹部20 equilibrium /i:kwi'libri?m/ n.平衡21 butt /b ?t/ v.碰撞22 crack /kr? k/ n.重击Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams1 speculation /'spekju'lei?? n/ n.推测2 literally /'lit?r ? li/ adv.确实113 odd / ? d/ adj.奇特的4 tissue /'tisju:/ n.组织5 plausible /'pl? :z ? bl/ adj.似乎有理的6 hypothesis /hai'p? θisi:z/ n.假说7 electroencephalograph n.脑电图仪8 electrode /i'lektr? ud/ n.电极9 scaly /'skeili/ n.头发10 psychiatrist /sai'kai? trist/ n.精神病学家11 punctuate /'p? ?ktjueit/ v.不时介入12 jerky /d? ?:ki/ adj.急动的13 disorder /dis'?:d ?/ n.失调14 implication /impli'kei?? n/ n.说明Lesson20 Snake poison1 saliva /s? 'laiv ?/ n.唾液2 digestive /di'd?estiv/ adj.助消化的3 defy /di'fai/ v.使不可能4 analysis /?'n ? l ? sis/ n.分析5 prey /prei/ n.被捕食的动物6 fierce /fi?s/ adj.凶猛的7 tussle /'t?s l/ n.扭打8 carnivore /'ka:niv? :/ n.食肉动物9 vertebrate /'v? :tibrit/ n.脊椎动物10 lizard /'liz? d/ n.蜥蜴11 concoct /k?n'k ?kt/ v.调制12 potency /'p? ut ?nsi/ n.效力13 conversion /k? n'v ? : ? ?n/ n.转变14 arsenic /'a:snik/ n.砒霜1215 strychnine /'striknin/ n.马钱子碱16 mamba /'m ? mb? / n.树眼镜蛇17 cobra /'k ? ubr? / n.眼镜蛇18 venom /'ven ? m/ n.毒液19 neurotoxic /'nju? rou't ?ksik, 'nu-/ adj.毒害神经的20 viper /'vaip? / n.蝰蛇21 rattlesnake /'r? tlsneik/ n.响尾蛇22 haemolytic adj.溶血性的23 viperine /'vaip? rin/ adj.毒蛇的Lesson 21 Williams S. Hart and the early‘Western’film1 supreme /sju:'pri:m/ adj.首屈一指的2 protagonist /pr? u't? g? nist/ n.主角3 outlaw /'autl? :/ n.逃犯，亡命之徒4 framed adj.遭到陷害的5 vicious /'vi? ? s/ adj.恶毒的6 mythology /mi'θ ? l ?d?i/ n.神话7 vanished adj.消失了的8 absurdly /? b's ? :dli/ adv.荒谬地9 arena / ?'ri:n? / n.竞技场地10 encroaching adj.渐渐渗入的11 Indian /'indi? n/ n.印第安人12 bewilder /bi'wild?/ v.使手足无措13 alien /'eilj?n/ adj.外来的14 taboo /t? 'bu:/ n.戒律15 disinherit /'disin'herit/ v.剥夺继承权16 undeclared /'? ndi'kl?? d/ adj. 未经宣布的17 hypocrisy /hi'p? kr ?si/ n.伪善1318 chicanery /?i'kein?ri/ n.诈骗19 impending /im'pendi?/ adj.迫近的，迫在眉睫的20 immolation /im?u'lei? ? n/ n.杀戮21 code /k ? ud/ n.准那么Lesson 22 Knowledge and progress1 loom /lu:m/ v.赫然耸起2 manifest /'m?nifest/ adj.明显的3 morality /m? 'r ?liti/ n.道德4 communicate /k? 'mju:nikeit/ v.交流，交际5 compound /'k? mpaund, k ? m'paund/ adj. 复合的6 enhance /in'ha:ns/ v.增进7 tempo /'temp? u/ n.速率8 trickle /'trikl/ n.涓涓细流9 torrent /'t? r ? nt/ n.滔滔洪流10 humanity /hju:'m?niti/ n.人类11 indifferently /in'difr? ntli/ adv.不在乎地12 grimly /'grimli/ adv.可怖地13 whimsical /'wimzikl/ adj.怪诞的14 shatter /'? ? t ? / v.毁坏15 twofold /'tu:f?uld/ adj.双重的Lesson 23 Bird flight1 albatross /'?lb ? tr ?s/ n.信天翁2 sustenance /'s? st ? n? ns/ n. 支撑力3 glider /'glaid? / n.滑翔者4 harness /'ha:nis/ v.利用5 endow /in'dau/ v.赋有6 ply /plai/ v.不断地供给147 gale /geil/ n.大风8 partridge /'pa:trid? / n.鹧鸪9 like /laik/ adj.类似的10 propulsion /pr? 'p ? l ? ? n/ n.推进力11 utter /'? t ? / adj.完全的12 slip /slip/ v.滑行13 adverse /' ? dv? :s/ adj.逆的，相反的14 omen /' ? umen/ n.预兆Lesson 24 Beauty1 intense /in'tens/ adj.强烈的2 aesthetic /i:s'θetik/ adj.审美的3 realm /'relm/ n.世界4 serenity /si'reniti/ n.静谧5 undeniable /'? ndi'nai ? bl/ adj.不可否认的6 indefinable /'indi'fain? bl/ adj.模糊不清的7 vulgar /'v?l g ?/ adj.平庸的8 radiance /'reidj? ns/ n.发光9 intimation /inti'mei?? n/ n. 暗示10 unutterable /?n' ?t ?r ? bl/ adj.不可言传的11 invest /in'vest/ v.赋予Lesson 25 Non-auditory effects of noise1 auditory /'? :ditɑ:i/ adj.听觉的2 inadequate /in'? dikwit/ adj.不适当的3 plea /pli:/ n.要求4 abatement /? 'beitm ? nt/ n.减少5 discredit /dis'kredit/ v.疑心6 allegation /? li'gei? ? n/ n.断言157 caption /k ? p? ? n/ n.插图说明8 wreck /rek/ n.残废人9 snag /sn ? g/ n.疑难之处，障碍10 anecdote /'? nikd ? ut/ n.轶闻11 slander /'sla:nd? / v. 诽谤12 persecute /'p? :sikju:t/ v.迫害13 squadron /'skw? dr ? n/ n.中队14 psychiatric /'saiki'? trik/ adj.精神病学的15 diagnosis /'dai? g'n ? usis/ n.诊断16 orphanage /'? :f ? nid ? / n.孤儿院Lesson 26 The past life of the earth1 preservation /'prez?(:)'vei?? n/ n. 保存2 silt /silt/ n.淤泥3 scavenger /'sk? vind ? ? / n.食腐动物4 vole /v ? ul/ n.野鼠，鼹鼠5 decompose /'di:k? m'p? uz/ v.腐烂6 inaccessible /in? k'ses ? bl/ adj.不能到达的7 crevasse /kri'v? s/ n.缝隙8Siberian /sai'bi? ri ?n/ adj.西伯利亚的9 paleontological adj.古生物学的10 n.圣彼得堡11 sabre-toothed adj.长着锐利的长犬牙的12 venture /'vent? ? / v.冒险13 bogged adj.陷入泥沼的，陷于困境的Lesson 27 The ‘Vasa’1 galleon /'g? li ? n/ n.大型帆船2 Stockholm /'st? kh? um/ n.斯德哥尔摩163 flagship /'fl?g?ip/ n.旗舰4 imperial /im'pi?ri ? l/ adj.帝国的5 hurricane /'h?rik? n/ n. 飓风6 might /mait/ n.力量7 ferment /'f? :ment/ n.冲动不安8 ornament /'? :n ? m? nt, '? :n ? ment/ v.装饰9 riot /'rai?t/ n.丰富10 demon /'di:m? n/ n. 恶魔11 mermaid /'m? :meid/ n.美人鱼12 cherub /'t? er ?b/ n.小天使13 zoomorphic /'zou? 'm?:fik/ adj.兽形的14 ablaze /?'bleiz/ adj.光荣的15 portray /p? :'trei/ v.绘制16 drifting adj.弥漫的17 churn /t?? :n/ v.翻滚18 pennant /`pnnt; 'pennt/ n.三角旗19 superstructure /'sju:p? 'str?kt ? ? / n.上部结构20 armament /'a:m ? m? nt/ n.军械21 triple /'tripl/ adj.三层的22 mount /maunt/ v.登上23 bronze /br? nz/ n.青铜24 cannon /'k? n? n/ n. 加农炮25 majestic /m? 'd ?estik/ adj.威严的26 muzzle /'m? zl/ n.炮口27 freshen /'fre? ?n/ v. 变强28 squall /skw? :l/ n.暴风29 list /list/ v.倾斜1730 port /p?:t/ n. (船、飞机的 ) 左舷31 ordnance /'? :dn ? ns/ n.军械32 heave /hi:v/ v.拖33 starboard /'sta:b? d/ n. (船、飞机的 ) 右舷34 counteract /'kaunt? 'r ? kt/ v.抵消35 steepen /'sti:p? n/ v.变得更陡峭36 ballast /'b? l ?st/ n.压舱物37 inrush /'inr??/ n.水的涌入38 Baltic /'b?:ltik/ n.波罗的海Lesson 28 Patients and doctors1 skeptical /'skeptik? l/ adj.疑心的2 forefathers n.祖先3 fervently /'f?:v ?n tli/ adv.热情地4 curative /'kju? r ?t iv/ adj.治病的5 astronomical /'? str ? 'n ?mik?l/ adj.天文学的6 tangible /t?nd??bl/ adj.实实在在的7 remedy /'remidi/ n.药物8 ointment /'?intm ?nt/ n.药膏9 prescribe /pris'kraib/ v.开药方10 indisposition /in'disp? 'zi? ? n/ n.小病11 disgusting adj.令人讨厌的12 inconvenience /'ink?n'vi:nj?ns/ n.不便Lesson 29 The hovercraft1 hovercraft /'h? v?k ra:ft/ n.气垫船2 Norfolk Broads n.诺福克郡的湖泊地区3 cushion /'ku? ? n/ n.座垫4 ring /ri?/ v.围185 Solent n. (英国的)苏伦特海峡6 sensation /sen'sei? ? n/ n.轰动7 dune /dju:n/ n.沙丘8 plantation /pl?n'tei?? n/ n.种植园9 hover-train n.气垫火车Lesson 30 Exploring the1 navigation /'n?vi'gei??n/ n.航海2 sounding n.水深度3 porcupine /'p? :kjupain/ n.箭猪4 dredge /dred? / v.挖掘5 expedition /'ekspi'di??n/ n.远征6 physicist /'fizisist/ n.物理学家7 magnitude /'m? gnitju:d/ n.很多8 topography /t? 'p ? gr ?fi/ n.地形9 crust /kr ?st/ n.地壳10 rugged /'r?gid/ adj.崎岖不平的11 tableland n.高地12 sediment /'sedim? nt/ n.沉淀物13 terrace /'ter?s/ n. 阶地14 erode /i'r?ud/ v.侵蚀Lesson 31 The sculptor speaks1 colour-blind adj.色盲的2 perception /p? 'sep ? ?n/ n.知觉3 comprehend /'k? mpri'hend/ v.理解4 spatial /'spei??l/ adj.空间的5 visualize /'vizju? laiz/ v.使具形象，设想6 reminiscence /'remi'nisns/ n.回忆，联想197 tadpole /'t? dp? ul/ n.蝌蚪6. mushroom /'m ? ? rum/ n.蘑菇9 carrot /'k? r ? t/ n.胡萝卜10 bud /b ? d/ n.花蕾11 lark /la:k/ n.云雀12 ladybird n.瓢虫13 bulrush /'bulr?? / n.芦苇Lesson 32 Galileo reborn1 controversy /'k?ntr ? v? :si/ n.争议，争论2 dust /d ?st/ n.纠纷，骚动3 clash /kl? ? / n.冲突4 Inquisition /inkwi'zi? ? n/ n. (罗马天主教的 ) 宗教法庭5 perspective /p?:'spektiv/ n.观点，看法6 despise /dis'paiz/ v.蔑视7 generalize /'d?en? r ? laiz/ v.归纳8 undercurrent /'?nd? 'k ? r ?nt/ n.潜流9 theoretical /θi?'retikl/ adj.理论上的10 potentiality /p?'ten? i' ?liti/ n.潜能11 intimate /'intimit/ adj.详尽的12 familiarity /f?'mili'? riti/ n.熟悉13 culpable /'k? lp ? bl/ adj.应受谴责的14 Aristotelian /?rist? 'ti:li? n/ n.亚里士多德学派的人15 Aristotle /'? rist?tl/ n.亚里士多德 ( 古希腊哲学家 )16 Ptolemy n.托勒密(古希腊天文学家17 Leaning Tower Pisa比萨斜塔18 spiral /'spai? r ? l/ adj.螺旋状的19 nebula /'nebjul? / n.星云2020 scratch /skr?t ? / n.擦痕21 contrivance /k? n'traiv? ns/ n.器械22 distort /dis't? :t/ v.歪曲Lesson 33 Education1 adverse /' ?dv?:s/ adj.逆的，相反的2 purchasable /'p? :t ? ?s? bl/ adj.可买到的3 preacher /'pri:t? ? / n.传教士4 defendant /di'fend? nt/ n. 被告5 outlook /'aut-luk/ n.视野6 capacity /k ?'p ? siti/ n.能力7 means /mi:nz/ n.方法，手段，财产，资力8 hamper /'h? mp? / v.阻碍9 savannah /s? 'v ?n?/ n.大草原10 democratic /'dem? 'kr ? tik/ adj.民主的11 tribal /traibl/ adj.部落的12 tribe /traib/ n.部落13 illiterate /i'lit?rit/ n.文盲14 compulsory /k? m'p? ls ? ri/ adj.义务的15 deem /di:m/ v.认为16 juvenile /'d? u:vinail/ adj.青少年的17 delinquency /di'li? kw?nsi/ n.犯罪Lesson 34 Adolescence1 adolescence /'? d? u'lesns/ n.青春期2 slur /sl ?:/ n.诋毁3 adolescent /?d?'les ? nt/ n.青少年 (12-18 岁 )4 disloyalty /dis'l? i ? lti/ n.不忠实5 spiteful /'spaitful/ adj.恶意的，怀恨的216 disillusionment /-m?nt/ n.幻灭感7 evaluation /i'v? lju'ei? ? n/ n.评价8 Infallibility /in'f?l ?'bil? ti/ n.一贯正确9 resent /ri'zent/ v.怨恨10 sincerity /sin'seriti/ n.诚挚11 victorian /vik't?:ri?n/ adj.维多利亚式的12 retreat /ri'tri:t/ v.后退13 unreasoning /? n'ri:z?ni ?/ adj.不凭理智的14 authoritarian /? :'θ ?ri't? ?ri? n/ adj. 专制的15 cow /kau/ v.吓唬Lesson 35 Space odyssey1 hub /h ? b/ n. (活动的 ) 中心2 lunar /'lju:n? / adj.月球的3 oxygen /'? ksid ? ? n/ n.氧气4 Apollo / ? 'p ? l ? u/ n.阿波罗5 accelerate /? k'sel ?reit/ v.加速6 terrestrial /ti'restri?l/ adj.地球7 permanently adv.永远地8 fascination /'f?si'nei? ?n/ n.魅力9 senior /'si:nj?/ adj.资历深的，年长的10 chasm /t ? ? z? m/ n.断层，裂口11 canyon /'k? nj ?n/ n.峡谷Lesson 36 The cost of government1 disunited adj.分裂的2 correspondingly adv.相应地3 backward /'b? kw? d/ adj.落后的4 incur /in'k? :/ v.承当225 administer /? d'minist ? / v.管理6 administrative /? d'ministr ? tiv/ adj.行政管理的7 analogous / ? 'n ? l ? g? s/ adj.类似的8 overheads n.一般费用9 initiative /i'ni? i ? tiv/ n.主动，积极性10 checker n.检查人员11 foreman /'f? :m? n/ n.监工12 dividend /'dividend/ n.红利13 unduly / ?n'dju:li/ adv.过度地Lesson 37 The process of ageing1 likelihood /'laiklihud/ n.可能性2 infant /'inf? nt/ n. 婴儿3 vulnerable /'v? ln ? r ?bl/ adj.脆弱的4 imperceptible /'imp? 'sept ? bl/ adj.感觉不到的5 robust /r ? u'b ? st/ adj.强健的6 organism /' ? :g ? niz ? m/ n.有机体7 thermodynamics /'θ ? :m? udai'n ? miks/ n.热力学8 steep /sti:p/ adj.急转直下的9 ageing n.老化10 odds / ? dz/ n.可能性11 virtual /'v? :tju ? l/ adj.实际上的12 moot /mu:t/ adj.争论未决的13 run-down adj.破旧的14 friction /'frik? ? n/ n.摩擦Lesson 38 Water and the traveller1 contamination /k? nt ? mi'nei ? ? n/ n.污染2 sanitation /'s? ni'tei ? n/ n.卫生，卫生设备233 sewage /'sju:id? / n.污水4 leakage /'li:kid? / n.泄漏5 intermittent /int? 'mitnt/ adj.间歇的，断断续续的6 carbonated adj.碳化的，碳酸的7 acidic / ?'sidik/ adj.酸的，酸性的8 alcohol /'? lk ? h? l/ n.酒精9 disinfectant /disin'fekt? nt/ n.消毒剂10 sterilize /'sterilaiz/ v.消毒11 e thanol /'eθ ? noul/ n. 乙醇12 bactericidal /b? ktir? 'saidl/ adj.杀菌的13 negligible /'neglid?? bl/ adj.可以忽略的，微缺乏道的14 methylated adj.参加甲醇的Lesson 39 What every writer wants1 confess /k? n'fes/ v.成认2 inspiration /'insp?'rei? ?n/ n.灵感3 Kashmir /'k? ? 'mi ?/ n.克什米尔4 interweave /'int? 'wi:v/ v.交织5 afresh /?'fre? / adv.重新6 discern /di's?:n/ v.辨明，领悟7 indescribable /indis'kraib?bl/ adj.无法描述的8 blur /bl?:/ v.使模糊不清9 yeast /ji:st/ n.冲动10 fathom /'f? e ? m/ n.噚〔 1 噚等于米〕11 interminably adv.没完没了地12 winkle /'wi? kl/ v.挖掘13 incidentally /'insi'dent? li/ adv.顺便说一下14 pertinent /'p? :tin? nt/ adj.中肯的2415. flirt /fl? :t/ v.调情16 inmost /'inm? ust/ adj.内心深处的Lesson 40 Waves1 signature /'signit?? / n.签名，标记2 infinity /in'finiti/ n.无穷3 ray /rei/ n.光线4 energize /'en? 'd ? aiz/ v.给与能量5 rhythm /'ri e? m/ n.节奏6 transmit /tr?nz'mit/ v.传送7 exquisite /'ekskwizit/ adj.高雅的8 phenomena /fi'n? min? / n.现象9 crest /krest/ n.浪峰10 trough /tr?:f/ n.波谷11 vertical /'v? :tik? l/ adj.垂直的12 horizontal /'h? ri'z? ntl/ adj.水平的13 actuality /?kt ?u' ? liti/ n.现实14 catastrophic /k?t ? 'str? fik/ adj.大灾难的15 particle /'pa:tikl/ n.微粒16 maturity /m?'tju?riti/ n.成熟17 undulate /'?ndjuleit/ v.波动，形成波浪18 tremor /'trem? / n.震颤19 gravitational /gr?vi'tei? ?nl/ adj.地心吸力的Lesson 41 Training elephants1 technique /tek'ni:k/ n.技术2 tough /t ?f/ adj.强硬的3 resentful /ri'zentful/ adj.仇恨不满的4 assign / ?'sain/ v.分配，指派255 mahout /m ? 'haut/ n.驯象的人6 calf /ka:f/ n.幼仔7 pine /pain/ v.消瘦8 underline /'? nd? 'lain/ v.着重说明，强调9 keep /ki:p/ n.生计10 subservient /s? b's ? :vj ? nt/ adj.屈从的11 plunge /pl ? nd? / v.向前冲12 tame /teim/ adj.养驯服了的13 tether /'te e ? / v. (用绳)拴14 ticklish /'tikli? / adj.难对付的，棘手的15 alarming adj.引起惊恐的16 accompaniment / ? 'k ? mp? nim? nt/ n.伴奏17 soothe /su: e / v.镇定18 chant /t?a:nt/ n.单调的歌19 reinforce /'ri:in'f? :s/ v.加强20 endearing /in'di? ri? / adj.惹人喜爱的21 epithet /'epiθet/ n.称呼22 susceptible /s?'sept ? bl/ adj.易受感染的23 blandishment /'bl?ndi ? m? nt/ n.奉承sh /l??/ v.猛烈地甩22.curl /k?:l/ v.使卷曲Lesson 42 Recording an earthquake1 earthquake /'? : θkweik/ n.地震2 slumber /'sl? mb? / v. 睡眠3 ninepin n.九柱戏中的木柱4 rigid /'rid? id/ adj.坚硬的5 delicate /'delikit/ adj.灵敏的266 seismometer /saiz'm ? mit ? / n.地震仪7 penholder n.笔杆8 legibly /'led? ? bli/ adv.字迹清楚地9 drum /dr ? m/ n.鼓状物10 wriggle /'rigl/ v.扭动11 bluebottle /'blu:b? tl/ n.绿头苍蝇12 graph /gr ? f/ n.图表13 graphic /'gr? fik/ adj.图示的14 longitudinal /'l? nd? i'tju:dinl/ adj.纵向的15 transverse /'tr? nzv? :s/ adj.横向的Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space1 Mercury /'m ? :kjuri/ n.水星2 hydrogen /'haidrid? ? n/ n.氢气3 prevailing /pri'veili? / adj.普遍的4 radio astronomer n.射电天文学家5 uniquely adv.唯一地6 rational /'r? ? ? nl/ adj.合理的7 radio frequency n.无线电频率8 cm n.厘米(=centimetre)9 megacycle /'meg?saikl/ n.兆周10 emission /i'mi?? n/ n. 散发11 interstellar /'int? 'stel? / adj.星际的12 rendezvous /'r?nd? vu:/ n.约会地点13 encounter /in'kaunt? / n.相遇Lesson 44 Patterns of culture1 commonplace /'k?m? npleis/ adj.平凡的2 aberrant / ? 'ber ? nt/ adj.脱离常轨的，异常的273 trivial /'trivi?l/ adj.微缺乏道的4 predominant /pri'd? min? nt/ adj.占优势的，起支配作用的5 manifest /'m?n ifest/ adj.明显的6 pristine /'pristain/ adj.纯洁的，质朴的7 stereotype /sti?ri? taip/ n.陈规8 vernacular /v? 'n ?kjul?/ n.方言9 accommodation /?,k ? m? 'dei ? ? n/ n. 适应10 incumbent /in'k? mb? nt/ adj.义不容辞的，有责任的11. preliminary /pri'limin?ri/ adj.初步的12 proposition /'pr?p? 'zi??n/ n.主张13 preferential /pref? 'ren??l/ adj.优先的14 controversial /'k? ntr?'v ?: ? ?l/ adj.引起争论的15 cactus /'k? kt ?s/ n.仙人掌16 termite /'t?:mait/ n.白蚁17 nebula /'nebjul?/ n.星云18 variant /'v?? ri? nt/ adj.不同的19 barbarian /ba:'b?? ri?n/ n.野蛮人20 pagan /'peig? n/ n.异教徒21 sophistication /s? 'fisti'kei? ?n/ n.老练22 premise /'premis, pri'maiz/ n.前提23 supernatural /'sju:p?'n ?t ? ? r ? l/ adj.超自然的Lesson 45 Of men and galaxies1 dispute /dis'pju:t/ v.争夺2 mosquito /m? s'ki:t? u/ n.蚊虫3 subdue /s ?b'dju:/ v.征服4 drainage /'dreinid? / n.下水系统5 envision /en'vi??n/ n.预想286 Morocco /m ? 'r ? k? u/ n.摩洛哥7 latitude /'l? titju:d/ n.纬度8 heretic /'her?tik/ n.异教徒，异端邪说9 conceive /k?n'si:v/ v.想像10 suffice /s?'fais/ v.足够11 nuclear /'nju:kli? / adj.原子弹的12 original /?'rid ? ?n? l/ adj.有独到见解的Lesson 46 Hobbies1 gifted /'giftid/ adj.有天才的2 psychologist /sai'k?l ? d? ist/ n.心理学家3 spasm /'sp? z? m/ n.一阵 ( 感情) 发作4 futile /'fju:tail/ adj.无用的5 insinuate /in'sinjueit/ v.使潜入，暗示6 convulsive /k?n'v ? lsiv/ adj.起痉挛的7 illumination /i'lju:mi'nei? ? n/ n.启发，照明8 undue /' ?n'dju:/ adj.不适当的9 grip /grip/ n.紧张10 recuperation /ri'kju:p?'rei ?? n/ n. 休息11 improvise /'impr? vaiz/ v.临时作成12 sedulously adv.孜孜不倦地13 vivify /'vivifai/ v.使生气勃勃14 aggravate /'? gr ? veit/ v.加剧15 trifling /'traifli?/ adj.微小的16 gratify /'gr?tifai/ v.使满意17 caprice /k?'pri:s/ n.任性18 satiation /'sei? i'ei? ?n/ n.满足19 frantically /'fr? ntik ?li/ adv.狂乱地29。
新概念英语第四册第一单元_Book4Unit1
Book 4 Unit 1I. Complete sentences1. In pairs discuss what they have ___common and what___(make) them great.2.Joan of Arc was a girl from the countryside who___(dress)as a man and went tofight___the French.3. She concerned___with welfare project,,especially the China Welfare Institute___womenand children.4. She devoted all her life___medical work and ___(encourage) ___women to become doctoes.5. She also worked hard ___(make)as many countries___possible agree not to use them.6. ___(follow)Jane’s way___(study) chimps,our group___(be)all going to visit them in the forest.7. This means___(go) back to the place ___ we left the family ___(sleep) in ___ tree the nightbefore.8. We realize that the bond___ members of a chimp family is as strong as ___a human family.9. Only ___ her mother came to help her for the first few months___ she allowed to begin herproject.10. She has argued that wild animals should___(leave) in the wild ___ not used___entertainment___advertisements.11. Once I stop,it all comes___ (crowd) in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.12. She has achieved___ she wanted to do; ___(work) with animals.___(gain) a doctor’sdegree and showing that women can live in the forest ___men can.13. Suddenly ___ hit me ___difficult it was for a woman to get medical training ___ that time.14. That was a generation___ girls’ education was always placed second ___ ___.15.___ reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as hergentle nature___ got her into medical school.16. ___ made her succeed later___ was the kindness and consideration she ___(show) to allher patients.17. There was story____ story of ___ Lin Qaozhi, ___(tire) after a day’s work,went late atnight ___(deliver) a baby for a poor family ___ could not pay___.18. I could not wait ___ (find) out more about her.19. It was not too late for me___(improve) my studies ,prepare for the exams.20. Everyone ___(enjoy)___so much that I wonder if ____wants to come home.II. Correct this passageBy chance I came to an article about a doctor calls Lin Qaozhi, the specialist of woman disease.She lived from 1901 to 1983.It seemed she has been very busy with her choosing career,travelled abroad to studyas well as writing book and articles,one of which caught my eyes.That was a small book explained what to cut the dead rate of having and caring about baby.She gave some simple rule to following of keeping babies cleanly,healthy,or free for sickness.Why did sge write it?who are women that Lin Qaozhi thought need the advices? I looked careful at the text and realize it intended for woman in countryside. Maybe if we hada emergency they could not reach a doctor.。
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新概念英语第四册第一单元单词学习新概念英语第四册第一单元单词学习fossil man 化石人['fɔsl]recount 叙述：[,ri:'kaunt]I recounted the tale to Steve.我把故事讲给史蒂夫听。
He recounts how they often talked of politics.他讲述他们如何常常谈论政治。
He recounted to us his childhood adventures.他向我们讲述了他孩提时代的种种历险。
He recounted all the happenings of the day.他详细叙述那天发生的一切事情She recounted her sins.她依次数说她的罪恶。
【搭配】ADV.vividly recount 生动地叙述:The story of his life is vividly recounted in this new book. 这本新书生动地描述了他的一生。
He recounted his adventures.他描述自己的奇遇。
【SYNONYM】describe, detail, narrate, recite, relate, report, retail, tell.同义词：narrate recite relate review telldescribe 描述represent 再现relate 叙述narrate 叙述state 陈述，声明saga 英雄故事['sɑ:gə]a long story of heroic achievement, especially amedieval prose narrative in Old Norse or Old Icelandic 萨迦（关于英雄业绩的长篇故事，尤指用古挪威语或古冰岛语记载的中世纪叙事散文）a figure straight out of a Viking saga直接出自北欧海盗萨迦的人物。
a long, involved story, account, or series of incidents 长篇故事；长篇记叙；一连串事件launching into the saga of her engagement 开始大讲她的订婚史牛津英语搭配词典[搭配]ADJ.continuing saga仍在继续的长篇故事long-running saga仍在继续的长篇故事ongoing saga；篇幅浩帙的长篇故事extraordinary saga 非凡的传奇sorry, terrible saga悲惨的长篇故事；可怕的长篇故事complicated saga复杂的长篇故事family saga家族传奇【搭配】PREP in a/the saga在长篇故事中His suicide is the latest chapter in this terrible saga of greed and betrayal. 他的自杀是这部充满贪婪与背叛的可怕长篇故事的最新一章。
【同义词】account anecdote epic narrative story tale【以字母Ａ结尾的单词】* agenda / ☜♎✞♏⏹♎☜ / n.议事日程* soda / ♦☜◆♎☜ / n. 1.苏打水，汽水；2.苏打，碳酸纳* pea / ☐♓ / n.豌豆* sofa / ♦☜◆♐☜ / n.（长）沙发* media / ❍♓♎☜ / n.新闻媒介，传播媒介* bacteria / ♌✌♦♓☜❒♓☜ / n.细菌* via / ❖♋♓☜, ❖♓☜ / prep.经由，经过，通过* umbrella / ✈❍♌❒♏●☜ / n.伞，雨伞* formula / ♐❍◆●☜ / n. 1.原则，方案；2.公式，方程式；3.配方* drama / ♎❒❍☜ / n. 1.戏，戏剧；2.戏剧（艺术）；3.戏剧性事件，戏剧性场面* dilemma / ♎♓●♏❍☜, ♎♋♓●♏❍☜ / n.（进退两难的）窘境，困境* diploma / ♎♓☐●☜◆❍☜ / n.毕业文凭，毕业证书，资格证书* china / ♦☞♋♓⏹☜ / n.瓷器* era / ♓☜❒☜, ☪☜❒☜ / n.时代，纪元* opera / ☐☜❒☜ / n.歌剧* orchestra / ♓♦♦❒☜ / n.管弦乐队* visa / ❖♓☜ / n.签证* data / ♎♏♓♦☜ / n.数据，资料legend 传说，传奇['ledʒənd]a traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical but not authenticated 传说the legend of King Arthur亚瑟王的传说According to legend he banished all the snakes from Ireland.传说中他将爱尔兰所有的蛇都赶走了。
the man was a living legend那是个活的传奇人物。
a screen legend银幕传奇人物。
His speed and ferocity in attack were legend. 他出击的速度和凶猛尽人皆知。
This is a popular legend. 这是一个民间传说。
Both men were legends in their own time. 这两个人在他们各自的时代都是传奇式人物。
【搭配】ADJ.ancient legend远古传说Greek, Roman, legend etc. 希腊、罗马等传说local legend当地的传说【搭配】VERB + LEGENDbecome, pass into legend 变成传奇故事:The story of how she was rescued has already passed into legend. 她被救的经历已经成了传奇故事。
tell (sb) legend （给某人）讲传说:He told us the legend of the ghostly horseman. 他给我们讲幽灵骑士的传说。
【搭配】LEGEND + VERB legend live on 传说仍然流传:The legend of his supernatural origins lives on. 他不是肉体凡胎的传说仍在流传。
【搭配】PREP. according to legend 根据传说According to ancient legend, the river is a goddess. 据古代传说，这条河是位女神。
in (a/the) legend 在传说中There have always been stories of human giants in Celtic legend and mythology. 凯尔特神话传说中一直都有巨人的故事。
legend about 关于…的传说:legends about the Vikings 关于维京人的传说legend of …的传说:The story is part of the ancient legend of King Arthur. 这个故事是亚瑟王的古老传说的一部份。
【搭配】PHRASES legend has it that ... 据传说: Legend has it that the Bridge of Sighs got its name from the cries of prisoners being led across it. 传说叹息桥的名字源于囚犯过桥时发出的叹息声。
myths and legends 神话传说the myths and legends of Mexico 墨西哥神话传说the subject of legend 传说的主题:The unusual shell has long been the subject of legend. 有关这枚不同寻常的贝壳一直以来都有很多传说。
【同义词】caption fable fairy tale fiction folklore myth文化类词语【以字母end结尾的单词】* descend / ♎♓♦♏⏹♎ / vi. 1.下来，下降；2.（from）起源（于），是……的后裔；3.（on）袭击；4.（to）把身份降至，沦为vt.走下，爬下defend / ♎♓♐♏⏹♎ / vt. 1.保卫，保护；2.为……辩护，为（论文等）答辩* offend / ☜♐♏⏹♎ / v. 1.冒犯，得罪，伤害……的感情；2.使厌恶，使不舒服；3.违犯，违反* blend / ♌●♏⏹♎ / v.（使）混合，（使）混杂n. 1.混合物；2.混合，交融* recommend / ❒♏☜❍♏⏹♎ / vt. 1.推荐，举荐；2.劝告，建议；3.使成为可取，使受欢迎* suspend / ♦☜♦☐♏⏹♎ / vt. 1.暂停，中止；2.悬，挂，吊* trend / ♦❒♏⏹♎ / n. 1.趋向，趋势，倾向；2.时新款式，时尚* tend / ♦♏⏹♎ / vi. 1.易于，往往会；2.趋向，倾向vt.照管，护理* intend / ♓⏹♦♏⏹♎ / vt. 1.想要，打算，计划；2.打算使（成为），想让……做* extend / ♓♦♦♏⏹♎ / vt. 1.延伸，延长；2.扩展，扩大；3.提供，给予，发出vi. 1.伸展，延伸，延续；2.（在范围或应用上）达到migration 迁移，移居[mai'greiʃən]■(of an animal, typically a bird or fish) move from one region or habitat to another, especially regularly according to the seasons （动物，尤指鸟）迁徙，移栖；（鱼）洄游As autumn arrives, the birds migrate south.秋天到了，鸟类往南方迁徙。
■(of a person) move from one area or country to settle in another, especially in search of work. （尤指找工作从一地区或国家）移居（另一地区或国家）Rural populations have migrated to urban areas. 农村人口移居到了城区。