词类转换(英语翻译技巧)
翻译技巧词类转换法
one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russia’s refusal.
第9页,此课件共28页哦
I. Converting to verbs
练习(二)
1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.
waste of time. 工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会,他们认为对这个问题进
行任何调查都是浪费时间。
5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current
affairs. 练习: 1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East
8. In general, drying a solid means the removal of relatively small
amounts of water or other liquid from the solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptable low value.
词类转换翻译法
词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同,就不能逐词对译。
原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类,才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
一、名词的转译1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词,具有动词意思的名词,以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等,这些名词都可以转译成动词。
【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。
【译文】回想起这些事情,会给他的生活增添乐趣。
【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。
【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。
【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任,各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担,各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机,听到隆隆的机声,我感到特别神往。
【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.【译文】据我所知,有几台计算机失踪了。
【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.×他是个好听众,所以他们喜欢同他谈话。
考研英语翻译四种词类转换技巧
考研英语翻译四种词类转换技巧词类转换就是把英语中的某种词性,转换成汉语中的另外一种词性来表达的翻译技巧。
由于英汉语言的差异,在翻译时,需要进展此类的转换,本文重点介绍以下四种常考的词类转换技巧:在翻译的过程中,会遇到大量由动词派生的名词或具有动作意义的名词,这些词在翻译时可以转译成汉语的动词。
He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.英语中有许多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用的动词,在翻译时往往不容易找到相应的动词,这时可以将其转译为名词。
The giraffe is characterized by its very long neck.在英语中,形容词常常与系动词搭配构成“系表构造”。
“系表构造”做谓语,从而使这些形容词具有了动作的意味,翻译的时候需转换为动词。
这些形容词包括表示知觉、思维、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词。
常见的与思维和知觉相关的形容词有:aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等;与情感相关的形容词有:glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry, happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry等;与欲望相关的形容词有:desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, enthusiastic, zealous等。
Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly beinjurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.由于英语中的名词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语动词,所以修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。
翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法
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课堂练习
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science.
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课堂练习参考译文:
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。 • 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。 • 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science 他从来没有上过医学院,但他却获得了理学博士这样难得 的荣誉学位
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英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往 往转译成汉语副词 • Below 4°C, water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. • 水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀,而不是不断地收 缩。 • Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. • 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。
8.词类转译
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8. 词类转译——汉译英的词类转换
2. 名词转译为动词
1) 结婚戒指是夫妇结合的象征。 A wedding ring symbolizes the union of husband and wife. 2) 工厂必须把增加产量作为自己的目标。 The factory must aim at an increase in production.
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8. 词类转译——英译汉的词类转换
2. 动词转译为名词
A. 名词派生的动词 1) An interest in people’s deepest feelings characterizes all her writings. 对人们最深沉感情的关注,是她所有著作的特征。 2) She personifies beauty and grace.
她是美丽与优雅的化身。
B. 名词转用的动词 1) You can see what a Dodo looked like from the picture. 你可从照片中得知渡渡鸟的模样。 2) These exercises are designed to strengthen the muscles. 这些锻炼的目的是为了增强肌肉。
1) We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior.
我们已经把使用和发明工具,从区分动物和人类行为的方法 中排除出去了。 2)Another way of dealing with enemies is either to have a very good protection or to be able to escape quickly. 还有一种对付敌人的方式是,要么防卫可靠,要么能够迅 速逃跑。
英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧
In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately. 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重 要。 With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion. 只要称加修理,这台机器便可以运转。 From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。
Exercise
Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合 作。 It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫 困。
英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧
由于英汉两种语言在语法和表达方式 等方面存在着许多差异,因此英译汉 时常常有必要改变表达方式,使译文 通顺流畅、地道可读。这种变通技巧 就是转换法(shift of perspective)。转 换的形式多种多样,大体可分为7种: ①词类转换,②句子成分转换,③表 达方式转换,④自然语序与倒装语序 转换;⑤正面表达与反面表达转换, ⑥主动式与ey had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. 在17年中,他们生了12个孩子,6男6女。 (5) She has been a widow only for six months. 她丈夫死了至今才不过半年。 (原文是从妻子的角度加以陈述的,而译文是从 丈夫的角度加以陈述的。如果不改变表达方式, 而搬用原来的表达方式,那译文就是:"她只当了 6个月的寡妇。"这就会给人以错觉:她很快就改 嫁了。) (6) ──Is there a special rate by the month? ──Yes, there is a 10% discount. ──按月计算有什么优惠吗? ──有,可以打9折。
英语翻译转换法
n.—adj.
四). 其它词类转译
参考译文: 1. We took brief, restless naps.
我们短短地,不安地睡了几次.adj.—adv.
一、词类转换
概念:将源语中属于一种词类的词语翻译成为目 标语中属于另一类词类的词语的翻译方法。
转译为动词 转译为名词 转译为形容词 其它词类转译
(一) 英语名词、介词、形容词或副词转换为汉语动词
1. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 读一点世界史,对学习时事是有帮助的.
2. A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here. 从这里可以看到富士山。
3. Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then into a huge building. 他们沿着大街走去,经过许多商店,穿过一个大广场,然后进入了一 座大厦.
2. This film impressed me deeply. 这部电影给了我深刻的印象adv.—adj.
3. He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱,但思想健康。adv.—n.
Reference:
1. He is no smoker, but his father is a chainsmoker.
英汉互译八种技巧
mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. ❖ 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科 学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩。
thought and thought it over and over. 他有又上床去,左思右想,想个不停。
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这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.
of success. ❖ 不要害怕失败。失败是成功之母。 ❖ Translation from Chinese into English is not
so easy as that from English into Chinese. ❖ 汉译英不像英译汉那么容易。 ❖ A large family has its difficulties. ❖ 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
常用的翻译技巧
1. 重复法 (repetition) 2. 增译法 (amplification) 3. 减译法 (omission) 4. 词类转换法 (conversion) 5. 词序调整法 (inversion) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation)(反译法) 8. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voices)
翻译技巧丨英语翻译之词性转换
翻译技巧丨英语翻译之词性转换泛瑞翻译一、转译成动词例如:I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.译文:你决定战胜复习考试中的困难,这一点我很羡慕。
(一)名词转译成动词1.由动词派生的名词转译成动词。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.在中国,人们非常注重讲礼貌。
2.含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。
A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.仔细研究原文,你会翻译得更好。
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。
3.英语(论坛)中有些加后缀-er的名词,He is a good singer.他唱歌唱得好。
Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.那些小工厂还在极大的消耗和浪费原材料。
4.有些短语中作为中心主体词的名词往往可转译成动词,如To have a rest 和To have a good look at 里的rest 和look.You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest?你一定很累了,为什么不休息一会呢?The car braked sharply, coming to rest on the edge of the cliff.汽车猛的刹住,停在悬崖边上。
英汉翻译中的词类转换
英汉翻译中的词类转换发布时间:2016-7-7编辑:互联⽹⼿机版作者:晓新词类转换是英汉翻译很重要的⼿段之⼀,运⽤得当,可使译⽂通顺流畅,否则译⽂可能⽣硬晦涩。
下⾯将英汉互译中最常见的词类转换现象介绍如下。
1.汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词汉语中动词⽤的较多,除了动宾结构外,还有连动式、兼语式等两个动词以上连⽤的现象。
英语则不然,⼀句话往往只有⼀个谓语动词,但英语中的名词⽐汉语中的名词⽤的多。
基于两种语⾔的这⼀特点,在汉译英时常把汉语中的动词转换为英语中的名词。
如:你必须好好地照顾病⼈。
You must take good care of the patient.他善于观察。
He is a good observer.在上述两句中,"照顾","观察"都是动词,但译成英语,则⽤的是名词care和 observer。
不过,在翻译过程中,有时也要把汉语中的名词转换成英语的动词。
如:他的演讲给我们的印象很深。
His speech impressed us deeply.2.汉语中的动词转换为英语的形容词汉语中⼀些表⽰知觉、情感的动词,往往可以转译成英语形容词,通常⽤"be +形容词......"的结构来表达。
如:我为他的健康担忧。
I am worried about his health.我们对她所做的⼀切感到满意。
We are satisfied with what she did.3.汉语中的动词转换成英语的介词或介词短语与汉语相⽐,英语⽤介词较多,⽽且有⼀些英语介词本⾝是由动词演变⽽来,具有动词的特征。
因此,在汉译英时,汉语中的动词常可⽤英语中的介词或介词短语来翻译。
露西和莉莉上同⼀个学校。
Lucy and Lily are in the same school.我反对这项法律。
I am against the law.4.汉语中的形容词转化为英语中的名词。
词类转译法
试译:
1)I’m not a mind reader. 2)Parents are always our perfect and minute lovers. 3)Lin Zexu was the most successful opium banner. 4) Being a successful organizer of this
→转译成名词
3) 形容词转译成名词: 英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示一 类人,汉译为名词。例: Do not look down upon the poor. 不要看不起穷人。 The weak should be protected. 弱者应受到保护。
→转译成形容词
1)形容词派生的名词常转译成形容词:
英译汉过程中词类转换
1) 转译成动词: a)名词转译成动词; b)介词转译成动词; c)形容词转译成动词; d) 副词转译成动词.
a) 名词→ 转译成动词
英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有
动作意义的名词常可转译成动词: 1) 动词派生的名词转译成动词。 2) 含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。 3) 英语中有些加后缀的名词,不是指 其身份和职业,而是含有较强的动 作意味,通常转译成动词。 4)作为习语主体的名词常转译成动词。
→转译成名词
1)名词派生的动词或由名词转 用的动词转译成名词; 2) 英语被动句式,可译成“受 到/遭到---+名词”或“予以/ 加以---+名词”结构; 3) 形容词转译成名词。
→转译成名词
1)英语中很多名词派生的动词或由名词转 用的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到合适的 动词,这时可以转译成名词。 例:Formality has always
他们不敢肯定能否挽救他的生命。 Is he able to do it? 他能够做那件事吗? I have to be cautious. 我必须小心谨慎才是。 She was always confident. 她总是信心十足。
英汉翻译中的词类转换
On weekends, they usually give the classroom a thorough cleaning. 他们通常在周末把教室彻底地打扫一番。
切坏事的化身。
转换成名词的情况——形容词转换成名词
1)英语中,当形容词前加上定冠词the 时,常 转换成名词
They did their best to help the sick and the wound. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
The rich or the poor, all share the equal rights of receiving higher education. 不论是富人还是换成名形容词
2)英语动词译成汉语名词时,修饰该动词的副 词可译作形容词。
The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。
转换成形容词的情况—副词和名词的相互转换
了他们的一些好感。
other forms
其它词类的转换——形容词和副词的相互转换
由于英语的名词或动词可以分别转换为汉 语的动词和名词,而修饰名词的形容词和修饰 动词的副词也可以随之转换为汉语的副词和形 容词。
转换成形容词的情况——副词转换成名形容词
1)英语名词译作汉语动词时, 修饰该名词的形 容词可译作汉语副词。
英语中的很多介词有很强的动作感。 虽然理论上属于虚词,但在实践中常 常可以表示动作行为的进展状态和程 度,发挥动词的作用。
汉译英
汉译英翻译技巧(一)词类转换在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词;汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词,汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。
其中,汉语动词转换为英语抽象名词尤为普遍。
试看以下各例:例1.中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。
如不注意词性转换,译文可能是:The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.这种译文显得有些口语化,不够庄重。
不如改用抽象名词non-use:The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.例2.禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。
To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets.To prohibit any act of treason, session, sedition and theft of state secrets.以上译文一使用split, incite, steal等动词,虽然语义正确,但似乎不够庄重。
译文二使用抽象名词,因而显得文字严谨,适合正式法律条文的风格。
例3.技术引进合同应当订明下列事项:引进技术的保密义务,改进技术的归属和分享。
译文一:Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential the imported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.译文二、Provisions on the confidentiality obligation as regards the imported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.对于“保密”这一动作,译文一使用相应的的动词keeping confidential,显得过于口语化。
翻译技巧-词类转换
四:副词转换成动词
英语中一些副词,如apart,behind,in off等,在句 中做表语或宾语补足语时,经常可转译成动词
副词转译为动词
example: The revised edition of that encyclopedia will be out pretty soon.
译:那部百科全书的修订版很快就会面世了 out:副词,意为“出现,在室外”,此处转译为动词,译为 “面世,出版”
3.由动词加后缀-er或-or构成的名词转译成动词
example: Her lovely daughter is born a good singer.
译:他可爱的女儿天生歌唱得好 singer:由动词sing加后缀-er构成名词“歌手”,此处译 为动词,译为“唱歌”。
4.在习语化短语动词中作中心词的名词往往转译为动词
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
3.表示某种心理状态的形容词转译成动词
example: The students are afraid that this chemical reaction will take place with great violence.
译:学生们担心这个化学反应会以很强烈的方式发生 afraid:形容词,意为“害怕的”,表示心理状态,此处转译 为动词,译为“害怕,担心”
英语中许多含有动作意义的名词和由动词派生的名词 以及其他一些名词经常可转译成汉语的动词
1.具有动作含义的名词转译成动词
example: The tests indicate that a countercurrent flow of gases and solids is necessary in the reactor
英汉转换翻译
Metals can be welded by means of heat produced by a current.
金属可以用电流产生的热来进行焊接。
3 形容词转译成动词(adj.---v.)
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
In those years the republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。
Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. 安装双层窗御寒。 动名词转译成动词(gerund---v.) The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。
登山运动员第三天建立了另一座营地,当时高度表的读 数为6500英尺。
Harry aims to become a computer expert. 哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。 Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail. 你工作的毛病是不注意细节。(粗心大意) The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms. 这台机器的重量是500公斤。
*The youths always dream fondly of their future. 年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。
*Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction.
英汉翻译之转换法
反说正译: 经典译例
As I approve of a youth that has something of the old man in him, so I am no less pleased with an old man that has something of the youth. He that followed this rule may be old in body, but can never be so in mind. 我赞赏具有老人成熟风度的青年,而我 同样称颂具有青年气息的老人。这样的人, 只有躯体会衰老,可思想永远年轻活跃。
A truly elegant taste is generally accompanied with excellence of heart. To whom nothing is given, of him can nothing be required. The best work is done the way ants do things--by tiny, tireless and regular additions.
有为数不多的英语主动句却往往译成 汉语“被”字句。
They all succumbed to temptation. The jeweler's was robbed last night, and the Reagans are under suspicious.
三,正反转换: 1)正说反译: It is already five years since I smoked. Her conduct is above reproach. Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom, but the want of it always leaves room for the suspicion of folly. Mattie’s hand was underneath, and Etan kept his clasped on it a moment longer than necessary (握的比必要的时间长了一会儿。)?.
考研英语翻译中词类转换方法实例分析
考研英语翻译中词类转换方法实例分析(1)转译成动词1)名词转换成动词经典例题: Interest in historical methods has arisen,less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.分析:interest在原文中是名词,而在译文中为了符合中文的表达方式,在不改变意思的前提下,将它改成动词。
参考译文: 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法,主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大,其次才是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学科。
(1999年真题)经典例题: With the click of a mouse,information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven_and_a_half times around the earth per second.参考译文: 只要一点鼠标,来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。
2)形容词转换成动词经典例题: Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.参考译文: 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易)所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。
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词类转换英汉两种语言属于不同的语系,英语属于印欧语系,汉语属于汉藏语系。
不同语系的语言,无论在词汇方面或在语法方面都有很大的差别。
在科技英语翻译实践中,在很多情况下需要进行词类转换。
所谓词类转换,是指把原文语言中的某一词类转移成汉语的另一词类而言。
掌握翻译中的词类转换译法,就可使我们敢于脱离原文词类的限制,跳出原文词类的框框,用汉语的适当词类予以表达。
一,转换成汉语动词。
英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个特点,在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。
在英语中不少词类在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。
1,名词转换成动词英语中大量具有动作意义的名词和动词派生出来的名词往往可以译成动词。
With a click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second.只要一点鼠标,来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。
China’s first atomic blast in october 1964 was a great shock to the world.1964年10月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,全球为之震惊。
Can artificial fibers be used as substitutes for natural fibers?人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗?We must place stress on the prevention of disease.我们应以预防疾病为主。
This situation requires the formation of a new strategic frame.这种形势要求制定新的战略框架。
The UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflicts on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab ackowledgement of Israel’s right to exist.联合国文件要求,以色列撤出所占土地,阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利,在此基础上,解决中东冲突。
2,形容词转换为动词,英语中某些表示状态,知觉。
情感,态度,感受,感觉,信念等意义,在句中作表语的形容词以及同介词搭配构成句子表语或定语的形容词,通常可译成汉语中的动词。
The amount of work is dependent on the applied force and the distance the body is moved.功的大小取决于所施加的力与物体所移动的距离。
The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance.功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。
Copper wire is flexible.铜线容易弯曲。
While the Chinese are eager to import modern medical technology from the West, increasing members of Westerners are equally interested in adopting the traditional medical remedies of China.现在中国人热衷于从西方国家进口现代化医疗技术,而越来越多的西方人则热衷于接受中医疗法。
其他一些和介词构成词组在句中用作表语或定语而且常可译成动词的形容词还有:Destructive of …. 有害于,有损于,Different from…不同于,有别于exclusive of (from)…不算,免除Full of …充满parallel to (with ) 平行于peculiar to …. 限于Responsible for…..担负,负责Scarce of ….. 缺乏,不足similar to …. 类似于Short of ….. 缺乏subject to …….易受,受….支配Worthy of …. 值得Relative to …. 与…有关3,副词转换为动词英语中有些作表语的副词或复合宾语中的副词,往往可译为汉语中的动词。
The test was not over yet.实验还没结束。
An exhibition of new products is on there.那正在举办新产品展览会。
The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind.这个化学实验延误了10分钟。
The electric current flows through the circuit with the switch on.如果开关接通,电流就流过线路。
He took the machine apart yesterday.他昨天把机器拆开了。
4,介词转换成动词英语中的介词或介词短语在许多情况下可以译成汉语的动词,尤其当他们用作表语或状语时。
The volume of a gas becomes smaller when the pressure upon it is increased.当作用在气体上的压力增大时,气体的体积就缩小。
No body at rest can be set in motion whthout a force being acted upon it.没有力的作用,静止的物体不可能开始运动。
Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS.许多实验室正在研制治疗艾滋病的药物。
二,转换成汉语名词1,动词转换成名词Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的可压缩性。
The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.电子计算机的主要特点是计算准确而快速。
Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.水银的重量约为水的13倍。
Smith aims to become a computer expert.史密斯的目标是相当一名计算机专家。
2,形容词转换成名词英语中有些形容词加上定冠词the表示某一类人或物,汉译时常译成名词。
另外,英语中有些表示事物特征的形容词作表语时,往往也可在其后加上“性”,“度”,“体”等词,译成名词。
The atmosphere is only about 11 kilometers thick.大气的厚度约为11000米。
People are so much more flexible and inventive than robots.人类比机器人更灵活而且更富有创造性。
The more carbon the steel contains, the harder and stronger it is.钢含碳量越高,强度和硬度就越大。
Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats.兵的密度比水小,因而能浮在水面上。
3,代词转换成名词英语中的代词译成汉语,有时为了使译文规范,须转换为名词。
We need frequencies even higher than those we call very hign frenquency.我们所需要的频率,甚至比我们称作高频率的频率还要高。
According to a growing body of evidence, the chimicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids, ending up in your body.越来越多的证据表明,许多塑料制品的化学成分会移动到食物或流体上去,最终进入人体内。
For nearly two thousand years it was mistakenly believed that all heavy objects fell faster than light ones.在长达两千年的时间里,人们都认为一切重物都比轻物落得快。
这种观念是错误的。
4,副词转换成名词英语中有些副词,在句子中用作状语,译成汉语时可根据具体情况转换成汉语的名词。
India has the software skills and thousands of software developers who are English-speaking and technically proficient.印度拥有软件设计方面的技术,而且拥有成千上万能说英语,精通技术的软件工程师。
The only naturally occurring substance used as fuel for nuclear power is U-235.在自然界所存在的物质中,只有铀-235可以用作获得核能的材料。
A look ahead gives petroleum an exciting role in the world of tomorrow.展望未来可以看到石油将在世界上起到令人鼓舞的作用。
Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world; it is very active chemically.氧是物质世界的重要元素之一,其化学性能很活泼。
三,转换为汉语形容词1,副词转化成形容词This new electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.这种新型的电子计算机的主要特点是结构简单。