英语第二课堂

句子成分练习答案
It remained to be seen. (Predicative) He is a nice man to work with. (Attribute) They asked to see his ID card. (Object) My job is teaching English. (Predicative) These are reasons why we do it. (Attribute) I don’t understand what you mean. (Object) If I were the king, I would make you my queen. (Adverbial)
主语 Subject
主语——是一句话的中心，整句话都谈 论它的情况；通常由名词，代词，动词 不定式，动名词或从句等担当。 My sister is a nurse. I’ll stay in this city for a few years. To listen to her songs is a pleasure. Hiking is a great way to travel. What we need is time.
句子种类（一）
句子按说话目的可分为四类： 陈述句 Statement 疑问句 Question 祈使句 Imperative 感叹句 Exclamation
陈述句 Statement
陈述句——陈述一个事实，或是表 明一个看法： Beijing is the capital of China. (肯定陈 述句） She may be right. He is not fat.（否定陈述句） The boy didn’t do his homework yesterday.
简单句的五种基本句型
1.主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P) 2.主语+不及物动词 (S+V) 3.主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+V+O) 4.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+V+O+C) 5.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO)
主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P)
用于这种句型的系动词可分为两类： 1）表示变化的：turn, become, get, grow, go, come, run, fall等。 2）表示状态的：be, stay, remain, keep, continue, feel, look, sound, smell, taste等。 It became colder and colder. She felt unhappy.
句子种类（二）
句子从结构上看可以分为三类： 简单句 Simple Sentences 并列句 Compound Sentences 复合句 Complex Sentences
简单句 Simple Sentences
简单句——句子成分都由单词或短 语担任，且只有一个主谓结构： I won't be free tonight. We love our great motherland. We didn't watch TV last night How many words have you learnt today? We are leaving on Friday.
定语 Attribute
定语——修饰名词，代词等；通常由形容词，
代词，数词，介词短语，动词不定式，动名 词，分词或从句等担当。
fallen leaves a very touching story apple trees a sports meeting a sales girl two women teachers three men doctors Her hospital isn’t very big. But everyone in the hospital works hard.
并列句 Compound Sentences
并列句——句子成分都有单词或短语担 任，但有两个或更多互不依从的主谓结 构： Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. 互不依从的主谓结构可称为分句，分句 可由并列连词连起来，也可用分号隔开。 He likes turning right, while she prefers turning left. Hurry up；It’s getting late.
Are you a student or a teacher?
特殊疑问句练习
didn’t you tell Ann the truth? — ______ . A. Yes, I was afraid to be scolded by her B. No, but I wanted to C. But I did D. I always hate telling lies
回答时根据实际情况，情况属实， 回答； 回答时根据实际情况，情况属实，用yes回答； 回答 情况不属实， 回答。 情况不属实，用no回答。 回答
疑问句 Question
反意疑问句的语调有两种： 对自己的看法较肯定时，前后都用降调： Beijing is the capital of China, isn’t it? You speak good Chinese, aren’t you? 对自己的看法不肯定时，前面用降调， 后面用升调： You’re stay in a hotel, aren’t you? He’ll be back soon, won’t he?
疑问句 Question
疑问句可以分为四类： 1）一般疑问句 2）特殊疑问句 3）选择疑问句 4）反意疑问句
疑问句 Question
1）一般疑问句——可以用yes或no回答 的句子，通常读升调。 2）特殊疑问句 ——用疑问词提问的句 子，通常读降调，不能用yes或no回答。 3）选择疑问句 ——提出两个或多个选 项,问哪一个属实的句子，两部分或多部 分用or连接，or前读升调，or后读降调。
— Why
疑问句 Question
4）反意疑问句——由两部分组成，前面是
陈述句，后面是简短问句，如果前面是肯定 句，后面一般为否定句；如果前面是否定句， 后面则多为肯定句。
This is your book, isn’t it? No, it isn’t. You don’t speak Chinese, do you? Yes, I do. 不，我会。
句子成分练习
It remained to be seen. He is a nice man to work with. They asked to see his ID card. My job is teaching English. These are reasons why we do it. I don’t understand what you mean. If I were the king, I would make you my queen.
谓语 Predicate
谓语——是主语的主要情况，可以表示 动作，也可表示状态；由动词或动词短 语担当。 I work in No.1 Middle School. She knows a little English. We love our country. I’ll take care of the baby girl.
句子 Sentence
句子是由单词按照语法规律组成，表达 一个完整独立的思想。 在书面语中，每句话的第一个字母要大 写，句末应有句号，问号，或感叹号。
句子成分
句子主要有下面这些成分： 1）主语 Subject 2）谓语 Predicate 3）宾语 Object 4）表语 Predicative 5）定语 Attribute 6）状语 Adverbial 此外还有同位语 ，插入语及呼语 。
复合句 Complex Sentences
复合句——有一个或更多成分由从句担 任： Whoever comes is welcome. Do you see what I mean? The question is how he did it. Come again when you are free. He is a boy who I mentioned to you yesterday.
表语 Predicative
表语——Leabharlann Baidu明主语的性质，特征，状态或身
份，与系动词一道构成谓语；通常由名词， 代词，形容词，数词，副词，介词短语，动 词不定式，动名词，分词或从句等担当。
She is a girl. It’s me. Things will come right in the end. That book is on the desk.
同位语
同位语——对前面的名词或代词做进一 步的解释；通常由名词，数词，代词或 从句担当。 This is my sister Mary.
插入语
插入语——对一句话作一些附加的解释； 通常由形容词，副词，介词短语，动词 不定式，现在分词或从句担当。 Mary is a good girl, they say. Jim, I think, is a good boy. What do you think he has bought for my birthday? By the way, give my regards to your parents.
主语+不及物动词 S+V
Nothing happened. We waited and waited. Her eyes filled with tears. The book sells well. My pen writes smoothly.
主语+及物动词+宾语 S+V+O
I like Chinese food. She knows what to do. He smiled a strange smile. As he slept, he dreamed a dream. Don’t catch cold.
宾语 Object
宾语——表示动作的承受者，也可 以表示动作的结果；通常由名词， 代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词 或从句等担当。 She is writing a letter now. Everybody likes her. They laid off one-third of the workers. Stop acting like a child.
祈使句 Imperative
祈使句——提出命令，请求等： Don’t be late again. （命令） Take a seat, please. （请求） Take care! 保重！ （叮嘱）
感叹句 Exclamation
感叹句——表示赞美，惊异等情绪： What fun it is! What a nice day! What good weather! How interesting!
状语 Adverbial
状语——修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句
子；通常由副词，介词短语，动词不定式， 分词或从句等担当。
He was born in 1990. She goes to work early. He got up early to catch the train. Seeing this, she became rather worried. Moved by his speech, many people volunteered to help in the work.
英语语法系列讲座一
语法 句子 句子成分 句子种类：1.按说话目的分 2.按结构分 简单句的五种基本类型
语法 Grammar
语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学。 研究词形变化的部分称为词法，如名词 的数，格，动词的时态，语态，都属于 词法范畴。 研究句子结构的部分称为句法，如句子 的成分，语序，句子种类等，都属于句 法范畴。