工程管理专业英语.ppt
合集下载
Unit 11 Approaches to cost estimations(工程管理专业英语)
Reading
14. at a given stage
English for Construction Project Management
Unit Eleven Approaches to Cost Estimation Key Structures
Contents
Vocabulary
A cost estimate at a given stage of project development represents a prediction provided by the cost engineer or estimator on the basis of available data. 在项目开发过程中的某一特定阶段的成本估算就是造价 工程师在现有数据基础上对未来成本的预测。
Key Structures
Questions
ReadingБайду номын сангаас
English for Construction Project Management
Unit Eleven Approaches to Cost Estimation
Contents
Vocabulary
Key Structures
According to the American Association of Cost Engineers, cost engineering is defined as that area of engineering practice where engineering judgment and experience are utilized in the application of scientific principles and techniques to the problem of cost estimation, cost control and profitability. 根据美国估算师协会的定义，工程成本是运用理性判 断和经验，运用科学原理和技术，解决成本估算、成 本控制和盈利能力等问题的实用技术领域。 Association of Cost Engineers：美国估算师协会
工程管理专业英语
2
第二段：
Generally, project management is distinguished from the general management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project.
一般来说，项目管理是区别于一般以任务为导向项目性质的 企业管理。
同样，许多运筹学技术例如线性规划和网络分析现在广泛使 用于许多知识或应用领域。 Hence, the representation in Figure2-1 reflects only the sources from which the project management framework evolves.
在项目全过程中，通过对计划、设计、估算、合同和施工 的适当协调控制来实施各项运作。
Development of effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts among the various participants.
在项目的一开始，这些冲突必须通过必要的权衡或新的备 选方案来解决。
Subsequently, the functions of project management for construction generally include the following:
其次，建设项目管理的功能一般包括以下内容：
项目的特定目标和计划，包括划定范围、编制预算、行程 安排、设置性能要求，和选择项目参与者。
Maximization of efficient resource utilization through procurement of labor, materials and equipment according to the prescribed schedule and plan.
第二段：
Generally, project management is distinguished from the general management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project.
一般来说，项目管理是区别于一般以任务为导向项目性质的 企业管理。
同样，许多运筹学技术例如线性规划和网络分析现在广泛使 用于许多知识或应用领域。 Hence, the representation in Figure2-1 reflects only the sources from which the project management framework evolves.
在项目全过程中，通过对计划、设计、估算、合同和施工 的适当协调控制来实施各项运作。
Development of effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts among the various participants.
在项目的一开始，这些冲突必须通过必要的权衡或新的备 选方案来解决。
Subsequently, the functions of project management for construction generally include the following:
其次，建设项目管理的功能一般包括以下内容：
项目的特定目标和计划，包括划定范围、编制预算、行程 安排、设置性能要求，和选择项目参与者。
Maximization of efficient resource utilization through procurement of labor, materials and equipment according to the prescribed schedule and plan.
工程管理专业英语模版课件
Summary
Mastering English vocabulary in communication engineering management to improve the efficiency of communication engineering management.
Communication Network
01
02
03
Technical Terminology: Engineering Management Professional English utilities specific technical terminology to accurately communicate complex engineering concepts
Inference and Conclusion Drawing
The ability to infer the meaning of the text and draw conclusions based on the information provided, in order to understand the ideas and views of the author
Power system
Understand and master English vocabulary related to power systems, such as generators, transformers, etc.
Automation control
Master English vocabulary related to automation control, such as PLC, DCS, etc.
工程管理专业英语(8)
(a) evidence that the insurances described in this Clause have been effected, and (b) copies of the policies for the insurances described in SubClause 18.2 and Sub-Clause 18.3
contractor’s care of the works[17.2]
The contractor shall take full responsibility for the care of the Works and Goods
commencement date
taking-over certificate is issued
Indemnities[17.1]
The Employer shall indemnify and hold harmless the Contractor, the Contractor's Personnel, and their The Contractor shall indemnify and hold the respective agents, against and Employer harmless against and from all from all claims, damages, losses claims, damages, losses and expenses, so and expenses shall the Employer do. (1)bodily injury, sickness, disease or death, which is attributable to any negligence, wilful act or breach of the Contract by the Employer (2)the matters for which liability may be excluded from insurance cover
工程管理专业英语
工程管理专业英语
Specialized English for Construction Management
Email:myy_11@
什么是专业英语？
普通英语 (Common or Ordinal English) ——通用、普遍的 基础词汇以及听说读写
科技英语 (English for Science and Technology)
专业英语 (English for Special Science and Technology) □ 隶属于科技英语 是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念
、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻 译方法，特别注意客观事实和真理，表达准确(accuracy) 、精炼(conciseness)和正式(f专业性、涉及的面 更加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为密切。 □ 专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系，专业英语的学习 需要有一个良好的科技英语基础，同时也要注意其自身的 词汇特点，语法特点、修饰特点和翻译特点等等。
Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑项目的类型
□ Field-labor-intensive 现场劳动密集型的 □ Account for 占，说明 □ Fiscal 财政的 □ Skyscraper 摩天大楼 □ Sophistication 老于世故，老练，复杂 □ Oligopoly 垄断，求过于供 □ Footpath 人行道，小路 □ Pipeline 管道，管线 □ Earthmover 重型推土机 □ Crane 起重机
□ human endeavor 人类活动
□ Educational philosophies and practices take shape in the architecture
Specialized English for Construction Management
Email:myy_11@
什么是专业英语？
普通英语 (Common or Ordinal English) ——通用、普遍的 基础词汇以及听说读写
科技英语 (English for Science and Technology)
专业英语 (English for Special Science and Technology) □ 隶属于科技英语 是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念
、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻 译方法，特别注意客观事实和真理，表达准确(accuracy) 、精炼(conciseness)和正式(f专业性、涉及的面 更加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为密切。 □ 专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系，专业英语的学习 需要有一个良好的科技英语基础，同时也要注意其自身的 词汇特点，语法特点、修饰特点和翻译特点等等。
Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑项目的类型
□ Field-labor-intensive 现场劳动密集型的 □ Account for 占，说明 □ Fiscal 财政的 □ Skyscraper 摩天大楼 □ Sophistication 老于世故，老练，复杂 □ Oligopoly 垄断，求过于供 □ Footpath 人行道，小路 □ Pipeline 管道，管线 □ Earthmover 重型推土机 □ Crane 起重机
□ human endeavor 人类活动
□ Educational philosophies and practices take shape in the architecture
工业工程专业英语PPT(共39页)
Unit 1 Quality Standards and Quality Control
7. Statistic Quality Control 8. Definition of Six Sigma Methodology 9. Key Elements of Six Sigma Methodology 10. Six Sigma in Business 11. Six Sigma in Engineering 12. Quality Control Tools
Unit 1 Quality Standards and Quality Control
1. Definitions of Quality 2. Quality in Manufacturing 3. Quality in Service 4. ISO 9000 Series Standards 5. Rules of Certification to QMS 6. Steps of Certification to QMS
trivial：琐碎的
template：模型
workshop:车间、研讨会
seminar:研讨班
demonstrate：示范、说明
preliminary：预备的、初级的
reproach：责备、谴责
forcible：强制的、有说服力的
statistic：统计的
six sigma methodology: 6δ法
Chapter 8 Quality Management
Unit 1 Quality Standards and Quality Control
Unit 2 Quality Management and Quality Cost
工程管理专业英语
turn round -> rotate change -> convert
make good use of -> utilize,
数量的翻译
小数，分数，百分数
0.1: zero point one, point one, o point one, one tenth,
0.01: point zero one, 10.35: ten point three five 1/2: a (one) half 1/3: a third 1/4: one quarter 2/3: two-thirds, 3/4: three-fourths, three quarters 3%: three percent 0.2% : point two percent 5‰: five per mill
例6、The total weight being less, it is possible to build much taller building.
（4）长句虽多，但句型简单。 注：例8中 member 译为 构件
（5）省略句较多。
省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从句 中的关系代词which和that、从句中的助词等；还常用介词短 语替代从句。
Professional English for Engineering Management
工程管理专业英语
Unit 1
பைடு நூலகம்
专业英语翻译
工程管理翻译为construction management,是指 在一定的约束条件下,以最优地实现工程项目为目 的,按照其内在的逻辑规律对工程项目进行有效的 计划、组织、协调指挥、控制的系统管理活动。 工程管理需要的知识、技能和工具与技术非常广 泛，有技术、管理、法律、金融、财务等各个方 面，涉及到工程的进度、费用、质量、风险、人 力资源、沟通与交流、采购与合同等。
make good use of -> utilize,
数量的翻译
小数，分数，百分数
0.1: zero point one, point one, o point one, one tenth,
0.01: point zero one, 10.35: ten point three five 1/2: a (one) half 1/3: a third 1/4: one quarter 2/3: two-thirds, 3/4: three-fourths, three quarters 3%: three percent 0.2% : point two percent 5‰: five per mill
例6、The total weight being less, it is possible to build much taller building.
（4）长句虽多，但句型简单。 注：例8中 member 译为 构件
（5）省略句较多。
省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从句 中的关系代词which和that、从句中的助词等；还常用介词短 语替代从句。
Professional English for Engineering Management
工程管理专业英语
Unit 1
பைடு நூலகம்
专业英语翻译
工程管理翻译为construction management,是指 在一定的约束条件下,以最优地实现工程项目为目 的,按照其内在的逻辑规律对工程项目进行有效的 计划、组织、协调指挥、控制的系统管理活动。 工程管理需要的知识、技能和工具与技术非常广 泛，有技术、管理、法律、金融、财务等各个方 面，涉及到工程的进度、费用、质量、风险、人 力资源、沟通与交流、采购与合同等。
工程管理专业英语
Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑项目的类型
□ human endeavor 人类活动 □ Educational philosophies and practices take shape in the architecture of schools and colleges, while governments and corporation express their ―images‖ with structures that house their offices and production facilities. □ 教育理念和实践在学校建筑中得以体现，而政府与企业则通过容纳其 办公室和生产设备的建筑物来体现他们的“形象”。 □ It is difficult, if not impossible (= if possible 如果可能的话), to categorize neatly so great a spectrum of project. □ if not impossible 双重否定表示强烈肯定，否定句型表达肯定句型。 □ a spectrum of n. 系列，范围 □ frustrate vt. 阻碍，挫败 □ arbitrary adj. 武断的，主观的 □ transcend the boundary 超越边界 □ outnumber vt. 在数量上超过 □ parallel vt. 与…相似，类似
Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑项目的类型
Warm Up Questions
1. Why is residential construction industry dominated by large numbers of very small firms? 2. Give some examples of project types of that office and commercial building construction may encompass. 3. What are the major distinctions of heavy construction compared to office and commercial building and residential housing construction? 4. What are the major distinctions of industrial construction in contrast with the basic materials characteristic of heavy engineering construction?
工程管理专业《专业英语》课程设计及考试模式改革
工程管理专业《专业英语》课程设计及考试模式改革中国石油大学（华东）经济管理学院李宁工程管理专业《专业英语》课程授课分为2个学期（大三下学期和大四上学期），每学期对应2个学分。
整个授课过程中,为了充分激发学生学习专业英语的热情和动力，我针对性地进行了一系列的课程设计创新和考试模式改革。
针对于本课程的考试，分别从出勤（占5%）、课堂提问（占5%）、小组汇报（占10%）、面试（占20%）和期末笔试（占60%）几个方面全面考核学生掌握教材知识的水平和状况，以及学生的专业英语听、说、读、写能力。
1、《专业英语》教材选择工程管理专业《专业英语》是我讲授的第一门课程，正式授课之前，我对多种教材进行了对比分析。
工程管理专业《专业英语》采用的传统教材是由中国建筑工业出版社出版的《工程管理专业英语》（2006年第一版）。
这本教材的基本结构特征是：每一章第1部分是专业短文；第2部分是词汇；第3部分是解析；第4部分是翻译练习。
通过对传统教材的分析，我觉得该教材内容相对单一，知识面较窄，和原来学生学习的“公共英语”教材的组织结构没有什么本质差别。
鉴于我留学期间对英文教材的认知，我觉得采用现有教材，并不利于培养学生的英语思维模式及听、说能力。
另外，《专业英语》授课的对象是大学三年级、四年级的学生，很多学生已经通过了CET4，CET6，有的学生甚至正在准备托福或者雅思考试。
因此，按照因材施教原则，我们应该选择与公共外语结构不同，且更具有专业挑战性的教材。
通过网络信息搜索和其他国内外高校对工程管理教材的评价，我最终选择了英文原版教材的影印版《管理工程与技术Managing Engineering and Technology》。
该教材由美国学者Lucy C. Morse 和Daniel L. Babcock主编，并且被美国多所大学管理工程专业广泛采用。
由于这本教材中既包含工程管理的重要理论，又涵盖许多量化分析模型与方法，非常适合工程管理学生的专业知识学习。
工程管理专业英语(6)
6.2 Defects liability
Completion of Outstanding Work and Remedying Defects[11.1]
• In order that the Works and Contractor's Documents, and each Section, shall be in the condition required by the Contract (fair wear and tear excepted) by the expiry date of the relevant Defects Notification Period or as soon as practicable thereafter, the Contractor shall: • in order that • be in the condition:有条件 • fair wear and tear：合理折旧，合理磨损
• When shall the Employer take over the Works? • How to apply for a Taking-Over Certificate? • What shall the Engineer do after receiving the Contractor’s application?
• (a) complete any work which is outstanding on the date stated in a Taking-Over Certificate, within such reasonable time as is instructed by the Engineer, and • (b) execute all work required to remedy defects or damage, as may be notified by(or on behalf of) the Employer on or before the expiry date of the Defects Notification Period for the Works or Section (as the case may be). • If a defect appears or damage occurs, the Contractor shall be notified accordingly, by (or on behalf of) the Employer.
第三章 建设工程造价和成本管理 工程管理专业英语ppt课件
• guarantees [gærənˈtiːz]
• thorough [ˈθʌrə] adj. 彻底的;十分的;周密的
n. 保证;保证书(guarantee的复数)
• hourly rate
• stipulations [stɪpjuˈleɪʃnz] n. 规定(stipulation的复数) 计时工资;每小时工资率;按小时计的工资额
• attributes [ˈætrɪbjuːts] n. 属性;特质(attribute的复数) • disaggregate [dɪsˈægrɪgeɪt] vt.分解
• assumed [əˈsjuːmd] adj.假定的
• collectively [kəˈlektɪvlɪ] adv.共同地
• bill of quantities 工程量清单
• wheelbarrows [ˈwiːlbærəʊz] n.手推车(wheelbarrow的复数)
• water hoses 水管 • extension cords 延长绳 • lump-sum 一次总付的 • keep in mind 牢记 • paramount to 最重要的 • making up 组成 • qualifications [kwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃns]
Preliminary Cost
Quantity Survey
项目成本系统
精度范围
Estimate
初步成本估算
工料测量
LOGO
• reduced to 简化为 • retrieve [rɪˈtriːv] vt.重新得到;检索数据 • ongoing [ˈɒngəʊɪŋ] adj. 仍在进行的 • pertinent [ˈpɜːtɪnənt] adj. 有关的;切题的 • classification [ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 分类 • covers [ˈkʌvəz]
工程管理专业英语
Chapter 11 Quality Control and Safety During Information
Chapter 12 Organization and Use of Project Information
Appendix 1 Glossary Appendix 2 Translation for Specialty English Appendix 3 Project Management World Wide Web Sites
工程管理专业英语
Professional English for Construction Management
主编：徐勇戈
Contents (continued)
Chapter 8 Construction Planning Chapter 9 Time Control for Construction Projects Chapter 10 Cost Control for Construction Projects
Unit 1 The Owner’s Perspective
1.3 Selection of Professional Services
When an owner decides to seek professional services for the design and construction of a facility, he is confronted with a broad variety of choices. The type of services selected depends to a large degree on the type of construction and the experience of the owner in dealing with various professionals in the previous projects undertaken by the firm. Generally, several common types of professional services may be engaged either separately or in some combination by the owners.
Chapter 12 Organization and Use of Project Information
Appendix 1 Glossary Appendix 2 Translation for Specialty English Appendix 3 Project Management World Wide Web Sites
工程管理专业英语
Professional English for Construction Management
主编：徐勇戈
Contents (continued)
Chapter 8 Construction Planning Chapter 9 Time Control for Construction Projects Chapter 10 Cost Control for Construction Projects
Unit 1 The Owner’s Perspective
1.3 Selection of Professional Services
When an owner decides to seek professional services for the design and construction of a facility, he is confronted with a broad variety of choices. The type of services selected depends to a large degree on the type of construction and the experience of the owner in dealing with various professionals in the previous projects undertaken by the firm. Generally, several common types of professional services may be engaged either separately or in some combination by the owners.
Unit 1 Types of construction project(工程管理专业英语)
Exordium
Contents
Vocabulary
Key Structures
Questions
English for Construction Project Management
Unit One Types of Construction Project
……and typically all phase of the project are handled by the same firm on a negotiated designconstruct or “turnkey” contractual arrangement, with considerable overlap between design, procurement, and construction. 此外，（工业建筑）项目各阶段的工作一般依据设计建 造或交钥匙合同由同一家企业来承担，因而其设计、采 购与施工等各阶段工作之间存在相当大的工作联系。 “turnkey” contractual arrangement，交钥匙合同方式， 即工程项目建设的全过程，包括设计、采购、施工、运 行试验等都由同一家企业承包，最后它将一个随时可以 使用的工程交给合同另一方的方式。
虽然它们和住宅类建设一样，也是劳动力与材料 密集型，但此类项目范围更广，所包含的技术更复 杂。 句中的labor-and-materials-intensive 为 “劳动力与材料密集型”的意思。much larger 与 more complex 分别对应其前的the scope 与technology.
精炼厂，炼制厂
Vocabulary
high-rise
Key Structures
n
高楼，大厦；a 高层的
工程管理专业英语3
各具特色。
8
Compaction and Grading 压实和平整场地 19. The function of compaction equipment is to produce higher density in soil mechanically. 压实设备旳作用就是经过机械使土产生跟高旳密度。 20.The basic forces used in compaction are static weight, kneading, impact and vibration. 在压实过程中使用旳基本力是静重力、捏合力、冲击力和震 动力。 21. The degree of compaction that may be achieved depends on the properties of soil, its moisture content, the thickness of the soil layer for compaction and the method of compaction. 可能到达旳压实度取决于土质、土旳含水量、所压实土层旳 厚度以及压实旳措施。
26. The degree of difficulty depends on physical characteristics of the rock type to be excavated, such as grain size, planes of weakness, weathering, brittleness and hardness. 这项工作旳难以程度依赖于要开挖旳岩石类型旳物理性质。 例如粒径大小、软弱位面、风化度、脆度和硬度。
反铲挖土机
铲Байду номын сангаас/正铲
打桩机
6
8
Compaction and Grading 压实和平整场地 19. The function of compaction equipment is to produce higher density in soil mechanically. 压实设备旳作用就是经过机械使土产生跟高旳密度。 20.The basic forces used in compaction are static weight, kneading, impact and vibration. 在压实过程中使用旳基本力是静重力、捏合力、冲击力和震 动力。 21. The degree of compaction that may be achieved depends on the properties of soil, its moisture content, the thickness of the soil layer for compaction and the method of compaction. 可能到达旳压实度取决于土质、土旳含水量、所压实土层旳 厚度以及压实旳措施。
26. The degree of difficulty depends on physical characteristics of the rock type to be excavated, such as grain size, planes of weakness, weathering, brittleness and hardness. 这项工作旳难以程度依赖于要开挖旳岩石类型旳物理性质。 例如粒径大小、软弱位面、风化度、脆度和硬度。
反铲挖土机
铲Байду номын сангаас/正铲
打桩机
6
工程管理专业英语unit
3
谈判英语的应用场景
谈判英语广泛应用于工程项目合作、国际贸易、 商务交流等领域，是工程管理专业人员必备的技 能之一。
04
Engineering Management Professional English Practice
Case Analysis
Case preparation
Provide background information and prepare necessary documents for students to understand the case.
Engineering Management Professional English Unit
contents
目录
• introduction • Fundamentals of English in
Engineering Management • Application of English in
Simulation monitoring
Monitor the progress of the simulation and provide guidance and assistance when needed.
ABCD
Simulation implementation
Provide necessary tools and resources for students to carry out the simulation.
English-written technical documents
and reports in the field of engineering
management.
Objective 4
第四章 建设工程质量管理 工程管理专业英语ppt课件
vt.实现(implement的过去分词) • deliverables [dɪˈlɪvərəblz]
n.可交付的成果(deliverable的复数)
Six Sigma is, basically, a process quality goal. It is a process quality technique that focuses on reducing variation in the process and preventing deficiencies in the product.
在他1931年版的《制造类产品质量的经济性控制》一书中,Shewhart 定义了两种类型 误差:一种是随机误差,这是系统固有的,不能单独识别;另一种是非随机误差,这是系统中的 外情形,可以单独识别和去除。
3.Dr. Deming was also much taken by the Japanese pursuit of quality.
2.What factors do you think affect the quality of construction projects?
Review Questions and Problems
History and Pioneers of Quality Management
02
质量管理的发展历史 和先驱人物
goal of delighting both internal and
external customers”.
LOGO
•deficiencies [dɪˈfɪʃnsɪz] n.缺乏;缺陷(deficiency的复数)
•variation [ˌveərɪˈeɪʃn] n.误差 •dispersion [dɪˈspɜːʃn] n.分散(性);离散(性) •universal [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl] adj.一般的;通用的
n.可交付的成果(deliverable的复数)
Six Sigma is, basically, a process quality goal. It is a process quality technique that focuses on reducing variation in the process and preventing deficiencies in the product.
在他1931年版的《制造类产品质量的经济性控制》一书中,Shewhart 定义了两种类型 误差:一种是随机误差,这是系统固有的,不能单独识别;另一种是非随机误差,这是系统中的 外情形,可以单独识别和去除。
3.Dr. Deming was also much taken by the Japanese pursuit of quality.
2.What factors do you think affect the quality of construction projects?
Review Questions and Problems
History and Pioneers of Quality Management
02
质量管理的发展历史 和先驱人物
goal of delighting both internal and
external customers”.
LOGO
•deficiencies [dɪˈfɪʃnsɪz] n.缺乏;缺陷(deficiency的复数)
•variation [ˌveərɪˈeɪʃn] n.误差 •dispersion [dɪˈspɜːʃn] n.分散(性);离散(性) •universal [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl] adj.一般的;通用的
工程管理专业英语-4.2
9
23. Its use also requires the choice of a planning horizon and a MARR. 使用这个比率也需先确定规则周期和MARR 。
24. Since some savings may be interpreted as a negative cost to be deducted from the denominator or as a positive benefit to be added to the numerator of the ratio, the BCR or SIR is not an absolute numerical measure. 因为有时将一些节省当作费用的一种节约而从分母中减掉或 者当作一种收益加在分子之中，所以收益-费用比和存款投 资比率不是一种绝对的数值。
4
10. A minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) is adopted to reflect this opportunity cost of capital.
最低收益率被用来反映资本的机会成本。 11. The MARR is used for compounding the estimated cash
8
3. Benefit Cost Ratio. 收益-费用比 21. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR), defined as the ratio of discounted benefits to the discounted costs at the same point in time, is a profitability index based on discounted benefits per unit of discounted costs of a project. 收益费用比是收益和成本折算到同一时刻的比值，它表示 付出每一个单元的成本可以得到多少收益，是一个项目盈利 的指标。 22. It is sometimes referred to as the savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) when the benefits are derived from the reduction of undesirable effects. 有时收益是来自于削减了一些不良因素的影响，收益费用 比又相当于存款投资比率。
23. Its use also requires the choice of a planning horizon and a MARR. 使用这个比率也需先确定规则周期和MARR 。
24. Since some savings may be interpreted as a negative cost to be deducted from the denominator or as a positive benefit to be added to the numerator of the ratio, the BCR or SIR is not an absolute numerical measure. 因为有时将一些节省当作费用的一种节约而从分母中减掉或 者当作一种收益加在分子之中，所以收益-费用比和存款投 资比率不是一种绝对的数值。
4
10. A minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) is adopted to reflect this opportunity cost of capital.
最低收益率被用来反映资本的机会成本。 11. The MARR is used for compounding the estimated cash
8
3. Benefit Cost Ratio. 收益-费用比 21. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR), defined as the ratio of discounted benefits to the discounted costs at the same point in time, is a profitability index based on discounted benefits per unit of discounted costs of a project. 收益费用比是收益和成本折算到同一时刻的比值，它表示 付出每一个单元的成本可以得到多少收益，是一个项目盈利 的指标。 22. It is sometimes referred to as the savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) when the benefits are derived from the reduction of undesirable effects. 有时收益是来自于削减了一些不良因素的影响，收益费用 比又相当于存款投资比率。
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Rights and obligations of Employer
Appoint the Engineer[3] Give the Contractor right of access to the site[2.1] Permits, Licences or Approvals[2.2] Financial arrangements[2.4] Employer’s claims[2.5] Termination by employer[15]
(a) by obtaining copies of the Laws of the Country which are relevant to the Contract but are not readily available, and (b) for the Contractor's applications for any permits, licences or approvals required by the Laws of the Country
Employer’s Financial Arrangements[2.4]
The Employer shall submit, within 28 days after receiving any request from the Contractor, reasonable evidence that financial arrangements have been made and are being maintained which will enable the Employer to pay the Contract Price.
Right of Access to the Site[2.1]
1）The employer shall give the Contractor right of access to ,and possession of ,all parts of the Site within the time.
2.The employer shall provide the Clause or other basis of the claim and substantiation of the amount and/or extension. The Engineer agrees and determines……
Notice is not required for payments due under Sub-Clause 4.19 and 4.20 or for other services requested by the Contractor.
The notice shall be given as soon as practicable after the Employer became aware of the event or circumstances giving rise to the claim. A notice relating to any extension of the Defects Notification Period shall be given before the expiry of such period.
Chapter 3. THE EMPLOYER AND ENGINEER
3.1 THE EMPLOYER
Definition of Employer :The person named as employer in the appendix to tender and the legal successors in title to this person.
4）If the delay or error was caused by the Contractor, the Contractor cannot obtain any
compensation
to the extent (that)在法律文件中的用法: 只要，如果; 在…范围/限度内; 就……来说; 在……方面，在这个意义上
If the Employer intends to make any material change to his financial arrangements, the Employer shall give notice to the Contractor with detailed particulars.
2）If no such time is stated, under Sub-Clause 8.3
3）If the Contractor suffers delay and/or incurs cost by the employer, the contractor can obtain compensation
Permits, Licences or Approvals[2.2]
The Employer shall (where he is in a position to do so) provide reasonable assistance to the Contractor at the request of the Contractor:
Employer’s Claims[2.5]
1.If the Employer considers himself to be entitled to any payment under any Clause of these Conditions or otherwise in connection with the Contract, and/or to any extension of the Defects Notification Period, the Employer or the Engineer shall give notice and particulars to the Contractor.