英国历史年鉴表

Prehistoty to the Norman Conquest

●7000 B.C.: Emergence of British Isles

●3000 B. C.: Iberians (From southwest part of Eurasia)

●New Stone Age/1800-1400B.C.: Stonehenge

4 Invasions

•The Celts凯尔特人（罗马人称其为高卢人）Invasion (700 B.C.)

•Roman Conquests (43 A.D.)

•The Anglo-Saxon（盎格鲁。撒克逊人）Invasion (300-1020A.D.)

•Norman（诺曼）Conquests

Two of the early invading cultures underlie much of modern British history and culture: the Celts and the mixture of Germanic（日耳曼人）tribes commonly referred to as Anglo-Saxon.

The Reason of Roman Conquest

In 100 B.C., when these British tribes learned that the Romans were planning to subdue their kinsmen in Northern Gaul （高卢）(modern France), they sent men and ships to aid their kin. That decision contributed to the Roman emperor Julius Caesar’s decision to invade Britain.

Roman Britain (P46)

Unlike other early invaders who slaughtered or expelled previous inhabitants and settled on their lands, the Romans came as imperialists to exploit and govern by right of being the superior civilization. After the Roman conquerors plundered Britain, they designated it as part of the Roman Empire and endeavored to assimilate the Britons into Roman life, an effort which ultimately failed

The End of the Roman Conquests

When the Roman disintegrated in 476 A.D., and the Roman soldiers retreated toward Rome, they left behind only their roads, a few place names and clusters of Christian converts.

The Anglo-Saxon Invasion

The retreat of the Romans opened the way for the second important invaders, the Germanic peoples loosely described today as “Anglo-Saxon”.

–The Angles, the group that gave England its name.

–The Saxons were the most important of these Germanic invaders.

The end of the conflicts between the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes

There was no permanent enmity between the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes, two Nordic groups which shared a kinship and common customs. After the Danes converted to Christianity, they easily merged with the English under the rule of the House of Wessex.

–1013-1042, whole England, Canute king

–Edward the Confessor, whose mother was connected to the Normans. He gave the Normans powerful positions in church and secular governments, positions that

facilitated the Norman Conquest of Britain.

William I of England

William I, known as William the Conqueror, was king of England from 1066 to 1087. As king, William reorganized the feudal system, making all landholders swear greater loyalty to him rather than to their separate lords.

House of Plantagenet（1154～1399）（金雀花王朝）

(The name is derived from the sprig that Geoffrey always wore in his cap)

Earl Geoffrey of France—Henry II (Reign: 1154-1189)