2 汉译英的词语处理
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32
牛郎织女 Weaverthe Cowherd and the Girl Weavertwo figures in ancient Chinese fairy tale (Later it also refers to husband and wife who live far apart.) 八股文 eightheighth-part essay prescribed for the examinations-imperial civil service examinations-known for its rigidity of form and poverty of ideas
• tax duty tariff bond
19
１．有特定文化内涵的词
阴 yin, the feminine or negative principle in nature 阳 yang, the masculine or positive principle in nature 斗争会 struggle meeting 吃醋 ? 心较比干多一窍 ?
37
全面建设小康社会 物质文明 精神文明 弘扬主旋律
wellbuild a well-off society in an all-round way allmaterial civilization cultural and ideological progress highlight the themes of the times
20
2．目的语中没有对应的上义词 wine white wine red wine liquor / spirits beer Guinness
21
3．目的语中没有对应的下义词
堂兄 堂弟 堂姐 堂妹 表哥 表弟 表姐 表妹
coLeabharlann Baidusin
22
凤姐想了一想，笑道： ……祖婆婆，太婆婆，婆婆，媳妇， 凤姐想了一想，笑道：“……祖婆婆，太婆婆，婆婆，媳妇，孙 祖婆婆 子媳妇，重孙子媳妇，亲孙子，侄孙子，重孙子，灰孙子， 子媳妇，重孙子媳妇，亲孙子，侄孙子，重孙子，灰孙子，滴滴 的孙子，孙女儿，外孙女儿，姨表孙女儿， 答搭的孙子，孙女儿，外孙女儿，姨表孙女儿，姑表孙女 ……嗳呦呦 真好热闹！ 嗳呦呦， 儿，……嗳呦呦，真好热闹！ great-grandmothersYang:“~~There were the great-grand-mother, grandmother, mothers-in0law, daughters-ingrand-daughters-ingreat-grand-daughters-indaughters-in-law, grand-daughters-in-law, great-grand-daughters-in-law, grandgrandsons, grand-nephews and a pack of great –great grandsons, as well as grandgranddaughters and grand-nieces on the paternal and maternal sides, and grandgrandnieces on the brothers’ and sisters’ sides~~Aiya, it was really lively~~~” XiHawkes: Xi-feng thought for a few moments and then started: “~~~It was a very lively party and everyone in the family was there: the grandmother, the greatdaughters-ingranddaughters-ingreatgreat-grandmother, the daughters-in-law, the granddaughters-in-law, the greatgranddaughters-ingreatgreatgranddaughters-in-law, the grandsons, the great-nephews, the great-grandsons, great-greatgreat-little-mediumthe great-great-grandsons, the great-little-medium-grandsons, the greatgranddaughters, the great-nieces, the first cousins once removed, the first cousins two-andremoved— twice removed, the second cousins two-and-a-half times removed—oh, goodness 23 gracious me, it was a really lively party!”
34
意译法
东方时空 焦点访谈 新闻调查 新闻三十分 社会经纬 中国各地 天涯共此时 Oriental Horizon Topics in Focus News Probe News in 30 Minutes Net of Justice Around China Time Together across the Strait
35
秀才 one who passed the imperial examination at the county level in the Ming and Qing Dynasties 开绿灯 provide conveniences for certain affairs, so that they could proceed smoothly 蓝田人 ape-man of about 600,000 years ago apewhose fossil remains were found in Lantian, Shanxi Province in 1964
25
翻译原则： 翻译原则：再现语义
译“意”非译“字” 非译“ 指称意义 言内意义 语用意义
26
指称意义
指称意义：词语、 指称意义：词语、句子和篇 章反映的客观世界
她躺在沙滩上。 她躺在沙滩上。 She is lying on the beach. 禁止吸烟。 禁止吸烟。 No smoking!
27
言内意义
言内意义：词语成分之间、 言内意义：词语成分之间、句子成分之 间和篇章之间的关系所反映的意义。 间和篇章之间的关系所反映的意义。
他的节目不理想。 他的节目不理想。 理想 His performance is not satisfactory. 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 山鸟飞绝 径人踪灭 From hill to hill no bird in flight From path to path no man in sight.
4．语义差异
籍贯 知识分子 宣传 改善生活 place of birth intellectual propaganda one’s improve one s standard of living
24
false friend or false cognate
爱人 休息室 爱好 红眼 街道妇女 lover restroom hobby red eye street women husband/wife lounge / lobby interest greento be green-eyed housewives of the community
38
公民道德建设 实施纲要 接续产业 素质教育 外向型经济
Program for Improving Civic Morality alternative industries qualityquality-oriented education competence-oriented competenceeducation exportexport-oriented economy outward-looking outwardeconomy global-marketglobal-market-oriented economy
Translation of Words
第二讲 汉译英的词语处理
By 张林
遵义医学院外语系
1
fried bread stick soybean milk eighteight-treasure rice pudding rice porridge sliced noodles glass noodles spring rolls 100100-year egg stinky tofu (smelly tofu) jellied bean curd hot pot box lunch sugara stick of sugar-coated haws
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
词义的完全对应
蛋糕 合同 绿茶 写信 cake contract green tea to write a letter
18
词义的不完全对应
国税 关税 税率
•税
state taxes customs duties tariff rates 保税仓库区 bonded warehouse area
36
包办婚姻 forced marriages 脱贫致富 to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity 领导班子年轻化、知识化、 领导班子年轻化、知识化、专业化 bettera younger, better-educated and more professional leadership
28
语用意义
语用意义： 语用意义：语言符号与使用者的 关系，包括联想意义， 关系，包括联想意义，蕴含意义 和象征意义。 和象征意义。
年饭 the meal on the eve of the Spring Festival family reunion meal on the eve of the Spring Festival
33
2005年共批准“三资”企业900家， 2005年共批准“三资”企业900家 年共批准 900 全省“三资”企业已达11284家。 全省“三资”企业已达11284家 11284 In 2005, 900 “Three Forms of Three Ventures” (SinojointVentures (Sino-foreign joint-ventures, foreigncooperative enterprises and foreignfunded enterprises) were approved ; therefore, the total number of the “Three Forms of Ventures reached Ventures” Three 11284.
29
翻译方法
直译法 意译法 音译法 音译意译 结合法 文化色彩的 再现 语体色彩的 复制 感情色彩的 叠合
30
直译法
完全保留汉语的指称意义
大连森林动物园是东北地区最大的 大连森林动物园是东北地区最大的 动物园。 动物园。 Dalian Forest Zoo is the largest of its kind in north east China.
31
直译加注解
梅雨季节 1plum rain season (about 1-month rainy season usu. beginning in early summer when plum fruit becomes ripe in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River) or moldy season, a rainy season when everything goes moldy easily in the said area
牛郎织女 Weaverthe Cowherd and the Girl Weavertwo figures in ancient Chinese fairy tale (Later it also refers to husband and wife who live far apart.) 八股文 eightheighth-part essay prescribed for the examinations-imperial civil service examinations-known for its rigidity of form and poverty of ideas
• tax duty tariff bond
19
１．有特定文化内涵的词
阴 yin, the feminine or negative principle in nature 阳 yang, the masculine or positive principle in nature 斗争会 struggle meeting 吃醋 ? 心较比干多一窍 ?
37
全面建设小康社会 物质文明 精神文明 弘扬主旋律
wellbuild a well-off society in an all-round way allmaterial civilization cultural and ideological progress highlight the themes of the times
20
2．目的语中没有对应的上义词 wine white wine red wine liquor / spirits beer Guinness
21
3．目的语中没有对应的下义词
堂兄 堂弟 堂姐 堂妹 表哥 表弟 表姐 表妹
coLeabharlann Baidusin
22
凤姐想了一想，笑道： ……祖婆婆，太婆婆，婆婆，媳妇， 凤姐想了一想，笑道：“……祖婆婆，太婆婆，婆婆，媳妇，孙 祖婆婆 子媳妇，重孙子媳妇，亲孙子，侄孙子，重孙子，灰孙子， 子媳妇，重孙子媳妇，亲孙子，侄孙子，重孙子，灰孙子，滴滴 的孙子，孙女儿，外孙女儿，姨表孙女儿， 答搭的孙子，孙女儿，外孙女儿，姨表孙女儿，姑表孙女 ……嗳呦呦 真好热闹！ 嗳呦呦， 儿，……嗳呦呦，真好热闹！ great-grandmothersYang:“~~There were the great-grand-mother, grandmother, mothers-in0law, daughters-ingrand-daughters-ingreat-grand-daughters-indaughters-in-law, grand-daughters-in-law, great-grand-daughters-in-law, grandgrandsons, grand-nephews and a pack of great –great grandsons, as well as grandgranddaughters and grand-nieces on the paternal and maternal sides, and grandgrandnieces on the brothers’ and sisters’ sides~~Aiya, it was really lively~~~” XiHawkes: Xi-feng thought for a few moments and then started: “~~~It was a very lively party and everyone in the family was there: the grandmother, the greatdaughters-ingranddaughters-ingreatgreat-grandmother, the daughters-in-law, the granddaughters-in-law, the greatgranddaughters-ingreatgreatgranddaughters-in-law, the grandsons, the great-nephews, the great-grandsons, great-greatgreat-little-mediumthe great-great-grandsons, the great-little-medium-grandsons, the greatgranddaughters, the great-nieces, the first cousins once removed, the first cousins two-andremoved— twice removed, the second cousins two-and-a-half times removed—oh, goodness 23 gracious me, it was a really lively party!”
34
意译法
东方时空 焦点访谈 新闻调查 新闻三十分 社会经纬 中国各地 天涯共此时 Oriental Horizon Topics in Focus News Probe News in 30 Minutes Net of Justice Around China Time Together across the Strait
35
秀才 one who passed the imperial examination at the county level in the Ming and Qing Dynasties 开绿灯 provide conveniences for certain affairs, so that they could proceed smoothly 蓝田人 ape-man of about 600,000 years ago apewhose fossil remains were found in Lantian, Shanxi Province in 1964
25
翻译原则： 翻译原则：再现语义
译“意”非译“字” 非译“ 指称意义 言内意义 语用意义
26
指称意义
指称意义：词语、 指称意义：词语、句子和篇 章反映的客观世界
她躺在沙滩上。 她躺在沙滩上。 She is lying on the beach. 禁止吸烟。 禁止吸烟。 No smoking!
27
言内意义
言内意义：词语成分之间、 言内意义：词语成分之间、句子成分之 间和篇章之间的关系所反映的意义。 间和篇章之间的关系所反映的意义。
他的节目不理想。 他的节目不理想。 理想 His performance is not satisfactory. 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 山鸟飞绝 径人踪灭 From hill to hill no bird in flight From path to path no man in sight.
4．语义差异
籍贯 知识分子 宣传 改善生活 place of birth intellectual propaganda one’s improve one s standard of living
24
false friend or false cognate
爱人 休息室 爱好 红眼 街道妇女 lover restroom hobby red eye street women husband/wife lounge / lobby interest greento be green-eyed housewives of the community
38
公民道德建设 实施纲要 接续产业 素质教育 外向型经济
Program for Improving Civic Morality alternative industries qualityquality-oriented education competence-oriented competenceeducation exportexport-oriented economy outward-looking outwardeconomy global-marketglobal-market-oriented economy
Translation of Words
第二讲 汉译英的词语处理
By 张林
遵义医学院外语系
1
fried bread stick soybean milk eighteight-treasure rice pudding rice porridge sliced noodles glass noodles spring rolls 100100-year egg stinky tofu (smelly tofu) jellied bean curd hot pot box lunch sugara stick of sugar-coated haws
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
词义的完全对应
蛋糕 合同 绿茶 写信 cake contract green tea to write a letter
18
词义的不完全对应
国税 关税 税率
•税
state taxes customs duties tariff rates 保税仓库区 bonded warehouse area
36
包办婚姻 forced marriages 脱贫致富 to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity 领导班子年轻化、知识化、 领导班子年轻化、知识化、专业化 bettera younger, better-educated and more professional leadership
28
语用意义
语用意义： 语用意义：语言符号与使用者的 关系，包括联想意义， 关系，包括联想意义，蕴含意义 和象征意义。 和象征意义。
年饭 the meal on the eve of the Spring Festival family reunion meal on the eve of the Spring Festival
33
2005年共批准“三资”企业900家， 2005年共批准“三资”企业900家 年共批准 900 全省“三资”企业已达11284家。 全省“三资”企业已达11284家 11284 In 2005, 900 “Three Forms of Three Ventures” (SinojointVentures (Sino-foreign joint-ventures, foreigncooperative enterprises and foreignfunded enterprises) were approved ; therefore, the total number of the “Three Forms of Ventures reached Ventures” Three 11284.
29
翻译方法
直译法 意译法 音译法 音译意译 结合法 文化色彩的 再现 语体色彩的 复制 感情色彩的 叠合
30
直译法
完全保留汉语的指称意义
大连森林动物园是东北地区最大的 大连森林动物园是东北地区最大的 动物园。 动物园。 Dalian Forest Zoo is the largest of its kind in north east China.
31
直译加注解
梅雨季节 1plum rain season (about 1-month rainy season usu. beginning in early summer when plum fruit becomes ripe in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River) or moldy season, a rainy season when everything goes moldy easily in the said area