【实例讲解】托福综合写作备考练习题-老美的四天工作制

【实例讲解】托福综合写作备考练习题-老美的四天工作制托福综合写作(IntegratedWriting)长期以来都是托福考试的难点之一，全面考察考生快速阅读、听取关键信息和原文复述的能力。

由于阅读和听力实力较弱导致综合写作失分严重，想要提升却不得其法。

从传统备考思路看提升阅读和听力固然没错，但如何在有限的时间内加强针对性、高效提分才是关键。

下面就为大家带来托福综合写作的阅读材料，希望在练习中能不断提升大家的托福综合写作能力。

托福综合写作阅读材料：In the United States, employees typicallywork five days a week for eighthours each day. However, many employees want towork a four-day week and arewilling to accept less pay in order to do so. Amandatory policy requiringcompanies to offer their employees the option of workinga four-day workweek forfour-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay wouldbenefit the economy as a wholeas well as the individual companies and the employeeswho decided to take theoption.在美国，职员一般执行的一周五天，每天八小时工作制。

然而，很多职员希望能够改为四天工作制，如果能够满足需要可以接受薪水降低。

要求企业提供薪水八成工作四天的工作方式供员工选择对于国家整个经济都是有好处的，同时获益的还有个人，以及执行这个政策的公司。

The shortened workweek would increasecompany profits because employees wouldfeel more rested and alert, and as aresult, they would make fewer costly errorsin their work. Hiring more staff toensure that the same amount of work would beaccomplished would not result inadditional payroll costs because four-dayemployees would only be paid 80percent of the normal rate. In the end, companieswould have fewer overworkedand error-prone employees for the same money, whichwould increase companyprofits.减少工作日会提高公司的利润，因为员工们会感到很轻松和精神，这样他们就会在工作中较少犯那些可能会带来损失的错误。

为了完成同样的工作量将需要雇佣更多的人手，但是这不意味着需要支付更多的薪水，这是因为四天工作日只需支付给每个员工80%的工资。

这样，公司花同样的钱，员工这会过于劳累和失误连连了，这样将会提高公司的利润。

For the country as a whole, one of theprimary benefits of offering thisoption to employees is that it would reduceunemployment rates. If many full-timeemployees started working fewer hours, someof their workload would have to beshifted to others. Thus, for every fouremployees who went on an 80 percent week,a new employee could be hired at the80 percent rate.对于国家整体来说，给职员提供这样的选择选择的好处就是可以降低失业率。

如果原来全职工作的人缩短了工作时间之后，他们的部分工作就需要转给其他的员工。

这样，如果每个员工每周都只工作80%的时间，这样就可以以同样的工作时间来雇佣新员工了。

Finally, the option of a four-day workweekwould be better for individualemployees. Employees who could afford a lowersalary in exchange for more freetime could improve the quality of their livesby spending the extra time withtheir families, pursuing private interests, orenjoying leisure activities.最后，这种四天工作日的选择对于员工个人来说也是有利的。

那些可以接受用降低薪水来增加休息时间的员工可以提高他们的生活质量，因为他们有更多的时间陪家人、追求自己的兴趣、以及享受一些休闲生活。

托福综合写作阅读部分需要提取的观点是：- Main point: A mandatory policy requiringcompanies to offer their employeesthe option of working a four-day workweekfor four-fifths (80 percent) of theirnormal pay would benefit the economy as awhole as well as the individualcompanies and the employees who decided to takethe option.- Sub point 1: The shortened workweek wouldincrease company profits.- Sub point 2: the country as a whole willbenefits.- Sub point 3: the option of a four-dayworkweek would be better forindividual employees.托福综合写作阅读观点抽出方法：- 这篇文章没有在观点抽取的时候为我们设置障碍，Main point就乖乖地出现在首段段尾，subpoints都是在段首出现的。

但是需要提醒的是千万不要把support和detail作为point提取出来。

在独立写作的时候，大家常犯的一个错误就是把support和detail作为point放在段首，在阅读部分也还是难以压抑对support和detail的重视。

在提取point的时候不要把细节搅和进来。

比如就不能说第一个subpoint是员工效率更高;第二个sub point是可以降低失业率，第三个subpoint是可以提高生活质量。

如果用细节当point，就会在听力部分发现点对点对不上了，因为不是所有题目都是会反驳阅读部分的细节的。

即便是，你貌似对上了，但是逻辑层面不对还是错的。

所以，真正的理解point的含义是非常重要的，point的是观点，不提炼出来的态度，而不应该是一些起支撑作用的细节。

- 我们自查sub point的方法就是它是否是支持mainpoint。

有的时候sub point是main point的一部分，这段就是一个典型，有的时候sub point从不同方面支持mainpoint。

但是如果抓到的是细节，那么就没有这样直接的逻辑关系，则不可用。

这样的视角也可以用在独立写作的自查上，看看自己找的subpoint到底对不对。

在听力部分，我们可以预测到的就是这个四天工作制是没有哪个方面可以从中获益的，在听的时候我们一定要注意那些表原因的词汇，这样我们才能找到重点。

Offering employees the option of a four-dayworkweek won’t affect the companyprofits, economic conditions or the lives ofemployees in the ways the readingsuggests.给雇员提供四天工作日的选择不会像阅读部分上所说的对企业、经济状况和雇员个人的生活带来积极的影响的。

First, offering a four-day workweek willprobably force companies to spendmore, possibly a lot more. Adding new workersmeans putting much more money intoproviding training and medical benefits.Remember the costs of things like healthbenefits can be the same whether anemployee works four days or five. And havingmore employees also requires moreoffice space and more computers. Theseadditional costs would quickly cut intocompany profits.首先，采用四小时工作制可能会对导致企业支出增加，甚至大幅增加。

增加新的员工以为这要再员工培训和医疗保险上花费更多的钱。

别忘了，无论是四天工作制还是五天工作制，每个人在诸如保健福利金方面的花费是一样的。

而新增的员工统一也需要更多的工位和更多的电脑。

这些额外的支出很快就会影响到公司的利润。

Second, with respect to overall employment,it doesn’t follow that once someemployees choose a four-day workweek, manymore jobs will become available.Hiring new workers is costly, as I argued amoment ago. And companies have otheroptions. They might just choose to asktheir employees to work overtime to makeup the difference. Worse, companiesmight raise expectations. They might start toexpect that their four-dayemployees can do the same amount of work they used todo in five days. If thishappens, then no additional jobs will be created andcurrent jobs will becomemore unpleasant.第二，至于整个社会的就业问题，也不是像阅读部分所说的，只要有雇员选择四天工作制，就会创造更多的就业机会。