高考英语二轮复习语法突破 专题八 动词的时态语态(含答案)

语法复习专题八动词的时态、语态I、时态重点难点解析高考中通常是把时态和语境结合起来考查。

题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。

英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种。

一、动词的基本形式一览表1. 一般过去时和现在完成时1）一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不关现在。

I wrotea letter this morning. (只说明写了一封信的事实)2）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。

不能和表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加“已经”。

I have written a letter this morning. (我已经写了一封信，有继续写第二封的可能，现在还是早上。

)2. 一般过去时和过去进行时1）一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。

It rained heavily last night.昨晚雨下得很大。

(强调下雨，并不强调持续时间)2）过去进行时侧重于强调某动作的持续过程或表示动作在进行。

It was raining cats and dogs last night昨晚整整一夜都在下倾盆大雨。

(强调没停，一直持续)3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。

I have read that book. (已读完)2）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。

I have been reading that book all the morning.( 还没读完)注：It is/was +时间段since从句（从句的谓语动词如果是持续性动词：表示自从某人不做某事已多久了：It is/was +时间段since从句（从句的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词：表示自从某人做某事以来已多久了：Eg: It is ten years since he came here. 他来这儿已10年了。

It is ten years since he lived/taught here.他不在这里居住/任教已有10年了。

II.动词的语态：动词的语态有两种：主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态示主语是动作的承受者。

如：People speak English all over the world. (the active voice)English is spoken all over the world. (the passive voice)二被动语态和系表结构的区别：1. 被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表状态；The cup was broken by a boy. (被动语态)The cup is broken. (系表结构)2. 前者可有多种时态，而后者只有一般现在时和过去时；My bike is being/will be/was repaired.He is/was interested in his work.3. 被动语态可跟by短语，表动作的执行者；The dress was made by my mother.注：系动词一般没有被动语态实战演练用所给动词或根据中文提示填入动词的正确形式1.1)---Remember the first time we ____________________ (meet)?---Of course. You _____________________ (study) in Beijing University then.2) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she_________________________ (study) English for a year.2. 1) The government __________________ (build) two factories in this region since the end oflast year.2) The government ____________________(build) two factories in this region by the end ofthis year.3. 1) It ___________ (be) ten years since we left school.2) It ____________ (be) two years before we leave school.4. They _______________________ (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ____________________ (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.5. The pen I ____________ (think) I _____________ (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose.6. If their marketing plans succeed, they _______________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.7. She said that it ___________ (be) the second time she _______________ (see) the film.8. I don’t real ly work here. I _________________ (just help) out until the new secretary arrives.9. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 _____________ (take) off at 18:40..10. ---How are you today?---Oh, _________________ (not feel) as ill as I do now for a very long time.11.1) My good friend _______________ (come ) from Guangdong.(是广东人)2) My good friend _______________ (come ) from Guangdong last week.(从广东来)12. 1) Where _____________ (be) you? (你在哪儿)2) Where ____________ you ____________? (be) (你去了哪)3) Where _____________ he ____________ (go)? (他去哪了)13. 1) Mr. John ______________ (teach) English in China for two years. (不在中国了)2) Mr. John ______________ (teach) English in China for two years. (也许仍在中国)14. 1) I _____________________ (read) that book. (读过那本书了)2) I _____________________ (read) that book all the morning.（一直在读那本书）15. 1) When I got there, he __________________ the work (做完那工作了)2) When I got there, he __________________ the work carefully (在认真地做工作)3) When I got there, he __________________ the work (才要做工作)16. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to helpan event develop often ___________ (result) in the contrary to our intention.17. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ________ (place) underthe Minister’s car.18. The house belongs to my aunt but she ________ (not live ) here any more.19. The machine ________ (not work ) . it hasn’t worked for years.20. He _______ (play) football regularly for many years when he was young.21. Teenagers _______ (damage) their health because they play computer games too much.22. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ________ (stay) in many worse hotels.23. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ (know) each other foryears.24. I like these English songs and they _______ (teach) many times on the radio.25. The telephone _______ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.26. This time tomorrow, I _______ (lie) on the beach.27.I am sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. He ________(prepare) for it for months.28. I haven’t moved into the new house. It _______ (paint) .29.As the years passed, many occasions---birthdays, awards, graduations _______________ (mark)with Dad’s flowers.30.Customers are asked to make sure that they __________________(give) the right change beforeleaving the shop.31.Great changes _________________ (take place) in the city, and a lot of factories ________________ (set up).32.The police found that the house ____________________ (break into) and a lot of things ____________ (steal).33.The discussion _______________ (come) alive when an interesting topic was brought in.34.The headteacher says that all the preparations for the party __________________________ (complete) by Friday.35.The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ________________ (expect) to arrive.36.The careless driver is ______________ (blame) for the traffic accident that ____________ (happen) yesterday.37.F lowers usually _______________ (sell) well on Valentine’s Day, so their flowers ______________ (sell) in no time that day.38.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _______________ (tell) the cloth _______________ (wash) well.39.Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) ___________________ (say) to have bought birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.40.---Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?---Yes, I have. I guess it ______________________ (grade) now.41.If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ________________________ (discover) in science and technology.42.The work needs _________________ (complete) by 6 p.m.43.The number of deaths from heart disease __________________ (reduce) greatly if people are persuaded to eat more vegetables.44.Do you have any problems if you ______ (offer) this job?45. I _____ (run) downstairs when I slipped and _____ (fall).46. Let’s keep to the point or we ________ (never, reach) any decisions.47. There _______ (be) great changes in China in the past twenty years.48. The new pen _______ (write) smoothly. Why not get one?49. I ______ (tell) that the final exam will be put off next week.50. I was told that the coat _______ (cost) about 2,000 dollars.51. The new suspension bridge (design) by the end of last month.52. Rainforests (cut) and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth inthe near future.53. I (play) ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.54.John and I (be) friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmasparty. But we （see）each other a couple of times before that.55.The pupils here (keep) all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks. Passage1When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.“Wouldn’t it work quickly if a machine 1 (turn) the wheel for you?” he asked.“I suppose it would,” said his mother, without pay ing him any attention.Christopher 2 (know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help. Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 3 (buy) him as a gift. “I 4 (make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himse lf. So, when his mother 5 (not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job 6 (finish), he was quite pleased, thinking his mother 7 (like) it.“Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sat down and w ent on turning the wheel by hand. “I 8 (work) like this for too many years,” she explained.This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who 9 (try) to improve anything 10 (have) to learn: Many people don’t like new ideas.Passage 2.Welcome to our school. I’d like to introduce to you plans for our school. A lot of work 1 (do) in the past few years. The library 2 (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work. A new biology lab 3 (build) this year. But we don’t have enough money for the equipment. Students in all grades 4 (collect) money. A party 5 (plan) for the end of this term. The money which is collected 6 (spend) on new equipment. At present, plans 7 (make) for a play at the end of the summer term.The gardens of the school 8 (improve) this year. New trees 9 (plant) which will soon give shade in summer. The whole school 10 (paint) during the summer holidays. In fact, the school will be more beautiful, in which we can work and study happily.Passage 3.1 (look) at the picture, please! We can see that the doctors and nurses2 (operate) on the eyes of the patient. As we know, when people are ill, they3 (go) to the doctor. Sometimes, the doctor4 (give) them medicines, and these often5 (help). However, when medicines can not solve the problem, the doctor must6 (find) another answer. An operation may be necessary. Doctors7 (not perform) operations; surgeons do.For years, surgeons 8 (perform) many different kinds of operations, and have saved the lives of millions of patients. In recent years, operations have become much safer than they 9 (be) in the past. This is partly because doctors and surgeons 10 （learn）more about hygiene, and because conditions in hospital have become better.Passage4America has been called a democracy since its independence more than 200 years ago.However, at that time, only men 1 (permit) to vote. Only men could own land and practice most professions. Women could not get a higher education or hold public office. The woman’s place 2 (consider) to be the home. Working women were not common. They usually had poor jobs and little respect. Through the history of our country , many American women 3 (work) to reduce the restrictions that society placed on them. They have met opposition. Slowly, however, the opportunities were established for women. Later women 4 (admit) to schools originally 5 (establish) only for men. In the early part of this century, American women 6 (finally allow) to vote. During and since World War II , American women 7 (become) a considerable part of the American work force.Today, many women in America 8 (hold) important positions or are pursuing careers that they could not pursue in the past. But many women 9 (dissatisfy) with the current situation. They point out that women 10 (often pay) less than men for the same work they do. The top positions in nearly all fields are still held by men. In many ways, a women’s life 11 (still control) by her father or her husband. Recently women worked to get an amendment （改良) to the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing their rights. The equal rights amendment, as it was called, 12 (support) by most congressmen and most states. It 13 (not get) the support of two-thirds of the states which is necessary for a constitutional amendment. Nevertheless, the role and the rights of American women is an important concern in the U.S. today.Passage 5Several years ago, a well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even move around. His doctor told him that he 1 (lose) the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. He 2 (tell)he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival.Despite the diagnosis (诊断), Cousins was determined to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and 3 (read) a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative attitudes. The book made Cousins 4 （think）about the possible benefit of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “ 5. (be) it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the will to 1ive have positive treatment value?”He 6 (decide) to concentrate on positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that 7 (bring) about positive emotions. “Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He 8 (arrange) time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out positive emotions. Within eight days of starting his ‘‘laugh therapy” program his pain9 (begin)to decrease and he was able to sleep more easily. He was able to return to work in a few month s’ time and actually 10 （reach）complete recovery after a few years.答案实战演练1. met, were studying; has been studying2. has built; will have built3. is; will be4.Had been working; are still working5. thought, had lost6. will increase7.was, had seen 8. am just helping 9. takes 10. haven’t feltes; came 12. are; have been; has gone 13. taught; has taught 14. have read; have been reading 15. had done; was doing; was about to do 16. results17. had been placed 18. doesn’t live 19. doesn’t work 20.played 21. are damaging 22.had stayed23. had known 24.have been taught 25. was ringing 26. will be lying 27. have been preparing 28. is being painted 29. were marked 30. have been given 31. have taken place; have been set up32. had been broken into, stolen 33. came 34. will have been completed35. is expected 36. to blame, happened 37. sell, was sold38. have been told, washes 39.is said 40. is being graded41. has been discovered 42. completing/to be completed 43. will be reduced 44.are offered 45.was running ,fell 46. will never reach47. have been 48. writes 49. have been told50. cost 51. had been designed 52. are being cut53. played 54.have been, had seen55.have been keptPassage 1.1. turned2. knew3. had bought4. will/shall make5. was not using6. was finished7. would like8. have been working9. tries 10. has Passage 21. has been done2. has been completed3. is being built4. are collecting5. is being planned6. will be spent7. are being made 8. are being improved 9. are being planted10. will be paintedPassage 3.1. Look2. are operating3. go4. gives5. help6. find7. do not perform8. have performed9. were 10. have learned Passage41.were permitted2. was considered3. worked4. were admitted5. established6. were finally allowed7. became and have became 8. hold 9.are dissatisfied10. are often paid 11. is still controlled 12.is supported 13.hasn’t got Passage 51.would lose2.was told3. had read4.think5.Is6.decided7.would bring8.arranged9.began 10. reached。