开关式电源中的磁性元件

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5
Harmonic Number 谐波次数
7
9
11 13 15 17 19 21
1) CH1: 2) CH2:
2 00 V 5 ms 2 A 5 ms
In this case the harmonics are huge, because much of the power is concentrated in a short period of time in each cycle. 在这种情况下,谐波次数很大, 因为大部分的能量集中在每个周期一段很短 的时间内。
Preal 有功 (v ⋅ i )averaged over one cycle (一周期内的平均) PF = = Papparent 视在 Vrms ⋅ Irms
Where v and i are instantaneous values of voltage and current, and rms indicates the root-mean-squared value of the voltage or current. The apparent power (Vrms x Irms), in effect, limits the available output power. 其中v和i是电压和电流的瞬时值,rms代表电压或电流的均方根值 。视在功率( Vrms x Irms )实际上限制了可能的输出功率。
100,000
0.55
90
Mag. Am ps 磁 放大器
Note the wide range of permeability and power loss. 注意宽范围的磁导率和功耗。
Power Factor Correction 功率因数校正
Power Factor (PF) is a term describing the input characteristic of an electrical appliance that is powered by alternating current (ac). 功率因数(PF)是描述使用交流(ac)电源的电器输入特性的术 语。 It is the ratio of “real power” to “apparent power” or: 它是“有功功率”与“视在功率”的比值,或者:
A Modern AC-DC Power Supply 现代交流-直流电源
Input Filter输入滤波器 L G N Rectifier 整流器 PFC
+ Bus
母线 PFC Control PFC控制 Output Circuits输出电路 + 12 V, 3 A + Bus
+ Bus Return 母线返回
Power Factor Correction 功率因数校正
Here’s the input current of a power supply without PFC. The current is concentrated at the peak of the voltage waveform, where the input rectifier conducts to charge the input energy-storage capacitor. 这是一个没有PFC的电源的输入电流。电流集中在电压波形的峰值处, 这时输入整流器导通,对输入储能电容器充电。
i2 0
i3
0 time
时间
Design of the PFC Inductor PFC电感设计
Input: 90 – 264 Vac; Output: 400 Vdc 输入: 90 – 264 Vac; 输出: 400 Vdc Pout = 120 W (into the output converter) Pout = 120 W至输出变换器 Choose: Ripple current = 0.5 A pp when input is 50% of the output voltage. 选择:纹波电流=0.5A(当输入为输出电压的50%时)。 Switching frequency f = 130 kHz. 开关频率f = 130 kHz. Inductance required: 要求的电感值: – Note: Use V = 200, since this represents the input at 200 V and the output at 400 V. 注:使用 V = 200,因为这代表输入为200v,输出为400v。
Power Factor Correction 功率因数校正
Ideally, power factor is 1.00; the input current waveshape (lower trace) matches the voltage waveshape (upper trace) and is in phase with it (not displaced to the left or right). 在理想情况下,功率因数为1.00;输入电流波形(下面一行)与电压波 形(上面一行)相匹配,而且同相(没有向左或向右偏移)。
i1 v1 Vin = 5V i2 i3 Vout = 15 V Load (R)
负载 (R)
Vout = 15 V
Vin = 5 V v1 0 i1 0
1 Vo = Vin 1− D
In this example, Vin = 5, Vout = 15, and D = 2/3. 在本例中, Vin = 5, Vout = 15, D = 2/3。
Design Using Mathcad 使用Mathcad设计
Given: Vin = 90 to 264 V ac, Pout = 120 W, Vout = 400 V dc. 给定: Vin = 90 to 264 V ac, Pout = 120 W, Vout = 400 V dc. For ripple current of 0.25 A peak (.5 A p-p) at 50% of the output voltage: 在输出电压的50%处,纹波电流峰值为0.25 A (峰-峰值为0.5 A ):
Power Stage 电源级
Xfmr 变压器
+ 5 V, 10 A PWM Control PWM控制
母线
+ 3.3 V, 5 A Mag Amp Reset 磁放大复位
+ Bus Return +母线返回
Popular Materials 常见材料
Material 材料 Ferrite 铁氧体 (Mag. Inc. P) Ferrite 铁氧体 (Mag. Inc. W) Molypermalloy 钼坡莫合金 (Mag. Inc. MPP) Sendust 铝硅铁 (Mag. Inc. Kool-Mu) Powdered iron 铁粉 (Micrometals 52) 80% Cobalt tape 80% 钴带 (Honeywell 2714A) Permeability (relative) 磁导率( 相对) 磁导率 ( 相对 ) Bsat Loss @ 0.1 T, 100 kHz (tesla) 损耗 @ 0.1 T, 100 Bsat kHz (特斯 拉) (mW/cm3) 0.5 80 Usage 用途
2500
10,000
0.42
250
60Байду номын сангаас
0.75
340
Filter Inductors PFC Inductors 滤波 电感 PFC电感
60
1
850
Filter Inductors PFC Inductors 滤波 电感 PFC电感
75
1.4
3200
Filter Inductors PFC Inductors 滤波 电感 PFC电感
Pow er Transform ers Filter Inductors (gapped) PFC Inductors (gapped) 电 源变压器 滤波电 感 ( 有空隙 ) PFC 电感 ( 有空 隙 ) EMI Filters (com m on-m ode only) EMI滤波 器 ( 仅 限常用模式 )
安森美半导体 Design Examples 设计示例
Magnetics in Switched-Mode Power Supplies 开关式电源中的磁性元件
Outline of Topics 本文纲要
Introduction (2 slides) 简介(2页) – Block diagram, showing the magnetic components in a switched-mode power supply. 显示开关电源中磁性元件的框图。 – Review of the magnetic material characteristics and appropriate choices for the magnetic components. 磁性材料特性回顾,以及磁性元件的选择。 PFC inductor design (8 slides) PFC电感设计(8页) Winding losses in high-frequency magnetic components (11 slides) 高频磁性元件中的绕组损耗(11页) Main transformer design (31 slides) 主变压器设计(31页) Input EMI filter design (13 slides) 输入EMI滤波器设计(13页) Mag amp output regulator design (10 slides) 磁放大输出调整器设计(10页) Conclusions and list of references (3 slides) 结论和参考文献(3页)
⋅ 2
I rms :=
i pp 2

1
+ 3
2
I max 2
2
The rms value of two signals is the root sum of the squares of the rms values of each of the two signals. 电流有效值是纹波电流有效值和输入最大电流有效值的平方和的 平方根
Boost Regulator 升压调整器
Output voltage is always greater than (or equal to) the input voltage. 输出电压始终大于(或等于)输入电 压。 Input current is continuous, and output current is discontinuous (the opposite of a buck regulator). 输入电流连续,输出电流不连续(与 降压调整器相反)。 Relationship of the output voltage to the duty ratio, D, is not as simple as in the buck regulator. In the continuous-conduction case, it is: 输出电压与占空比(D)的关系不如 在降压调整器中那么简单。在连续导 电的情况下:
1>
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
2>
Harmonic Number 谐波次数
1) CH1: 2) CH2:
1 00 V 5 ms 2 A 5 ms
Also, the input current harmonics are near zero (harmonic #1 is the Fundamental frequency). 同样,输入电流的谐波次数接近零 (谐波#1为基频)
V ⋅t L= = i pp
200 ⋅
1 2 ⋅130,000 = 1.54 mH 0.5
Area Product of the PFC Inductor PFC电感的AP值
AP = L ⋅ I max ⋅ I rms ⋅10 4 k ⋅ J ⋅ Bmax
Pout Vin min⋅ η
I max :=
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