2020届 二轮复习 语法专项突破 专题四 2 第二讲 定语从句 课件

关系副词引导的定语从句
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关系副词
用法
when
指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词(in，at， on，during 等)＋which”
where
指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于“表地点的介词(in, at, on, under 等)＋which”
why
指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for＋which”
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___th__a_t/_w_h_i_c_h___ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program __t_h_a_t_/w__h_ic_h____ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
定语从句是近几年高考的考查热点，主要考查： 1．关系代词 that, which, who, as 以及关系副词 when, where 的正确使用； 2．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选用等。
短文改错
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. _w__h_e_r_e_→__w_h_e_n__ 2 ． (2019·全 国 卷 Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them. ___w_h__a_t→__t_h_a_t_/w__h_i_c_h___ 3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
用法区别 为“这一点，这件事”等，which 引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果 关系
(2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit. 她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。 (2017·北京卷)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。 (2017·天津卷)My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。
(重庆卷)We’ll reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year. 我们将在一个月内达到年初所定的销售目标。 (江苏卷)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，烟民的数量仅在一年内就已经下降了 17%。
“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。其中关系代词只能用 which 和 whom，且 不能省略。 (安徽卷)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2．“the＋名词＋of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。这类定语从句一般为非限制性 定语从句，且该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。 (江苏卷)The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆的墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别 是在辛苦工作后。
3．“表示全部或部分的词语＋of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的 词或结构有：不定代词(all, both, none, some, most 等)；数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、 分数、several 等)；the＋形容词的比较级/最高级。 (浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这 些理论尚未得到证实。 (江苏卷)Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大 部分都受过良好的教育。
只用 that 的情况
that 和
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级
which 的
修饰时
用法区别
先行词既有人又有物时
只用 which
引导非限制性定语从句时
的情况
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as 常译为“正如……， 关系代词 as 正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为 see, know, expect, say, mention, report 等 和 which 的 which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both，_w__h_ic_h__ is not good for the health. 6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, __w_h_o___ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
(天津卷)The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 (福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经 验。 Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没 参加会议的原因吗？
关系代词
用法
which 用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与 who, whom 互换，指物时通常可与 that
which 互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whose
表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which；指人时相当于 of whom
引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、 as
宾语、表语。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，意为“正如；像”
2.关系代词的用法区别
先行词是 all, few, little, much, something, anything,
nothing 等不定代词时
关系代词
先行词被 the only, the very, the same, all 等修饰时
1．关系代词与关系副词的错用； 2．that 与 which 的错用； 3．关系代词或关系副词的缺失或误用。
关系代词引导的定语从句
1．关系代词及其用法
关系代词
用法
who
用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语
whom
用于指人，在从句中作宾语，可用 who 代替；若从句中的介词提到关 系代词前，只能用 whom 直接跟在介词后作宾语，不可用 who 代替
__在__w_h_i_c_h_前__加__介__词__i_n_或__w_h__ic_h_→__w__h_e_r_e__
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. __t_h_a_t→__w__h_i_c_h__ 5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. __t_h_e_y_→__t_h_a_t/_w_h__ic_h___
■名师点津 当先行词为 situation, case, stage, point 等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要
用关系副词 where 引导。 (2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. 他们的孩子处于能说一些个别的单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。
[第二部分 语法专项突破]
专题四 各具特色的句法—— 并列句、三大从句及特殊句式
第二讲 定语从句
英语
01
感悟高考 明确考向
02
考点突破 针对提能
03
解题指导 触类旁通
04
跟踪检测 迁移应用
语法填空 【典题试做】 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _w__h_i_c_h_ she opened with her late husband Les. 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters __w_h__o__ had great experience with caring for these animals.
■名师点津 (1)whom, which, that 在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用 that； (2)as 用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像…… 之类的)；the same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的机 器是中国制造的。