巧妙区分what与that
pep初中语法 名词性从句中that和what的用法区别
第3题补充3. 名词性从句中that和what的用法区别(转载)(2007-12-13 18:20:19)名词性从句中that和what的用法区别一．that 引导的名词性从句首先，连接代词that除引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略外，引导其他各类名词性从句皆不能省略。
例如：①It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of youre-mail account.②---- Don’t you think it necessary that he go home at once?---- but the problem is that there is no car.③There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.④Our English teacher told us (that) we all did very well in the examination and that ten of us gotfull mark.以上四个句子中，that 分别引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句和宾语从句，除在第四个例句中第一个that 可以省略外，其他的that 均不可省略。
其次，在引导名词性从句时，that不作句子中的任何成分。
例如：①Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at theairport.该句中，that引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分。
②It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.该句中，it 是形式主语，that引导的主语从句才是整个句子的真正主语，that在句中不作任何成分。
高中英语难点：从句中怎么区分that和what
【导语】 许多同学在学习复合句和特殊句式时，都会为“that”和“what”的选择⽽头疼，感觉这两个连接性词语辨别起来“有点乱”。
下⾯⽆忧考奉上区分that和what的⽅法，快来看看吧！做⼀做下⾯⼏个题，看看你能否把他们分清： 1.A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where 2.Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as 3.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether 4.It is what you do rather than what you say _______ matters.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. this 5.His plan was such a good one _________ we all agreed to accept it.A. soB. andC. thatD. as 上⾯5个题中的前四个题，在选项中都同时出现了what和that，如何选择呢？ 第1题为答案A。
考查名词从句连接代词what的运⽤。
“⼗年前是⼀⽚荒地的地⽅建起了⼀座现代化的城市”。
作介词in的宾语不能⽤that，因为名词从句中that不做任何成分；连接代词what引导⼀个宾语从句，“是⼀个什么样的地⽅”； 第2题为答案A。
考查定词从句关系代词that的运⽤，“因为记忆不好，你告诉我的，我都给忘了”。
语法that与what引导名词性从句的区别
that与what引导名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”。
如：1. 用that的例子●That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验，这是显然的。
（主语从句）●The police learned that he wasn’t there at th at time. 警察获知他那时不在场。
（宾语从句）●He realized that she too was exhausted. 他意识到她也精疲力尽。
（宾语从句）●My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the country. 我的意见是你不应该离开那个国家。
（表语从句）●Bob has the mistaken idea that tomorrow is a holiday. 鲍勃错误地认为明天是一个假日。
（同位语从句）●It was quite plain that he didn’t want to come. 很明显他不想来。
●It is natural that they should have different views. 他们看法不同是很自然的。
2. 用what的例子●What (=The thing that) he said was true. 他所讲的是事实。
●What he had hoped at last came true. 他希望的事终于成为现实。
●What he said is beneath contempt. 他说的话不值一理。
●What he says is true, possibly. 或许他说的是对的。
●What she saw gave her a fright. 她看到的情况吓了她一跳。
连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较
连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较______impressed me most was ______such a little boy could play the violin so well.A. That; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. What; what很明显，这道题考查的知识要点是名词性从句。
名词性从句是高中阶段的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考英语试题考查的重要语法项目之一，是高中阶段的重点，也是难点，尤其对于连接代词that 和what 的用法, 不少学生感到十分困惑，做题几乎是靠“蒙”来寻求答案。
以这道题为例，第一空是what 引导的主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语；第二空是that 引导的表语从句，that在表语从句中不能省略，不作成分，也没词义。
虽然that 和what 都可以引导名词性从句,但他们在句子中的语法功能截然不同。
下面我们结合2005年和2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that 与 what 的相关题目对二者在引导名词性从句时的用法加以比较和区别。
一．2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that 与what 的相关题目1. ---- What did your parents think about your decision?---- They always let me do I think I should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what ( 全国II T16 )解析：这一题的正确答案是D。
what 在本题中引导名词性从句并作动词do 的宾语。
2．Engines are to machines hearts are to animals.A. asB. thatC. whatD. which ( 山东T23 )解析：这一题的正确答案是C。
本题汉语意思为“发动机对于机器正如心脏对于动物一样”。
what和that的用法区别
the＋名词＋that”或者all that, 即好像是既包括了先行词也包含了
关系代词，因此，有学者称之为关系代词型what。如：
seemed to be a long time, he came up again.
1 _T_h_a_t_ she lacks experience is obvious. 2 The police learned _t_h_a_t _ he wasn’t there at that time. 3 He realized _th_a_t__ she too was tired. 4 My idea is _t_h_a_t you shouldn’t have left the country. 5 Bob has the mistaken idea _th_a_t_tomorrow is a holiday. 6 It was quite plain _t_h_a_t_ he didn’t want to come. 7 It is natural _t_h_a_t_ they should have different views.
that—从属连词
主语从句 宾语从句
引导_名_词__性_从__句___， 表语从句
_不_充__当__句子成分， 同位语从句
_没_有____字面意义。
引导宾语从句的 that可以省略
1 _W__h_a_the had hoped at last came true. 2 China is no longer _w_h_a_t_ it used to be. 3 I’m sorry for _w_h_a_t_ I said. 4 That’s _w_h_a_t_ I want to know. 5 It was _w_h_a_t_ he meant rather than w__h_a_t he said. 6 There’s something in _w_h_a_t_ he says. 7 200 years ago, they came to _w__h_a_t we call “America” now.
：what,that,where ,who ,how在不同从句中的用法
Whether he has left, I can’t say. 他是否走了，我说不定。
②引导主语从句且放在句首时：Whether he will come is still a question. 他是否会来还是个问题。
【注】若在句首使用形式主语 it，而将主语从句放在句末，则有时也可用 if 来引导：It was not known whether [if] he would come. 不知他是否会来。
③ 引导表语从句时：The question is whether we should go on with the work. 问题是我们是否应该继续进行这项工作。
【注】在很不正式的场合if偶尔也用于引导表语从句，但远不如用 whether 常见。
④ 引导让步状语从句时：Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that. 不管他同意与否，我都要那样做。
⑤ 引导同位语从句时：The question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它还没有考虑。
⑥ 用于不定式之前时：I’m not sure whether to stay or leave. 我不知是留还是去。
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 我真是哭笑不得。
⑦用于介词之后时：It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. 这取决于信是否来得及时。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。
⑧直接与 or not 连用时：I will write to you whether or not I can come. 我能不能来，我将写信告诉你。
【注】若不是直接与 or not 用在一起，则有时也可用 if：I don’t know whether [if] he will win or not. 我不知他是否能赢。
what和that的区别
what和that的区别
表达的内容不同：what作代词时意为“什么；多么；多少”，作形容词时意为“什么；多么；何等”，作副词时意为“到什么程度，在哪一方面”，作感叹词时意为“什么；多么”。
that：那，那个，那人，那事，那东西。
作用不同
what可以做代词、形容词、副词、感叹词。
that在英语中使用广泛，可用作形容词、代词、连词、副词，还可用于固定搭配。
引导从句的方式不同
what引导名词性从句时都在从句中充当句子的某一成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语。
其区别是：what表示泛指的事物，常译为"什么"或"所……的事物"，whatever是它的强语势"无论什么"。
that可做连接词：
1、引导名词性从句：He expressed the hope that we would keep in touch with his firm.
翻译：他表示希望我们与他的公司保持联系。
2、引导状语从句，表示原因或理由：We are glad that we have accomplished another arduous task.
翻译：我们都感到高兴因为又完成了一项艰巨的任务。
3、引导状语从句，表示目的或结果)为了，以至于：He is working hard that he can catch up with the class.
翻译：他努力用功，以便赶上班上同学。
4、引导表示愿望，感叹的从句，主句常省略：That I could stay at home today!
翻译：今天要是我能呆在家里多好呀!。
that 、what 在引导从句时的用法辨析
what 、that在引导从句时的用法辨析甘肃省永登二中730302 冯海秦请看下面一组例句：①------they have in common is their way of speaking .②------they have nothing in common surprises us.第一空填what, 是what引导的主语从句。
第二空填that, 是that引导的主语从句。
我们来分析what、that 在引导各类从句时的区别。
一．名词性从句主语从句①What makes me forget my sorrow is music.主语谓语宾语②That he likes music best is what we don’t know.↗→→→→→↘宾语从句③I don’t know what he will do next.谓语④I don’t know（that ）he has already broken the record.↗→→→→→→→↘表语从句⑤what it used to be.系动词⑥The good news is that he has found his lost child.↗→→→→→→→→→↘同位语从句⑦The question what the monster will do next is beyond our imagination. 谓语⑧There is no possibility that he will attend the meeting.通过对比what、that在名词性从句中的位置及功能，我们得出如下结论：1．what、that 均可引导名词性从句。
（主、宾、表、同位语从句）2．that 在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当语法成份。
换句话说，that 引导的从句是完整的陈述事实的句子，不缺主干成份。
what 在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当语法成份。
that what引导名词性从句区别
引导名词性从句本身无意义只起连接作用在从句中不做成分但不能省略宾语从句除外
7 The reason is that his bike has broken down.
8 He said (that) he would come on time.
9 The fact that he had said nothing surprised everybody. 10 I didn’t know what he wanted to say.
whatever/whoever 无论什么/谁 whatever = anything that whoever= anyone who e.g. 1). Whoever comes first wins the prize. 2). People/Those who come first win the prize. 3). It is unwise to give a kid whatever he wants. 4). Who broke the glass is not important. 5). Whoever broke the glass should be punished. 6). It is unwise to give a kid whatever he wants.
what = the n/pron + that/ which ， 可转换为定 语从句 e.g. What you said is true. = The thing that you said is true .
1 What seems right to me seems wrong to him. 2 The girl isn’t what she was 10 years ago.
what跟that的用法
what跟that的用法一级段落标题：了解what和that的基本用法英语中，what和that都是常见的词汇。
它们都有多种用法，在句子中起着不同的作用。
本文将深入探讨这两个词的各种用法及其区别，并提供相关例句进行说明。
二级段落标题1：what作为疑问词what通常被用作疑问代词，表达对事物的询问或要求对方给出更详细的信息。
在这种情况下，what往往在句子中充当主语或宾语。
例如：1. What is your favorite color?（你最喜欢的颜色是什么？）2. What are you doing?（你在做什么？）3. What time does the movie start?（电影什么时间开始？）4. Can you tell me what happened?（你能告诉我发生了什么吗？）在上述例句中，what引导了一个疑问句，向对方询问关于具体事项的信息。
二级段落标题2：that作为指示代词与what不同，that通常被用作指示代词，用来指代特定的人、物或概念。
that可以替代先前提到过的名词或从上下文中可以推断出来的名词。
例如：1. I bought a new car. That car is very fast.（我买了一辆新车。
那辆车跑得非常快。
）2. The book you recommended was fantastic. Thank you for that suggestion.（你推荐的那本书太棒了。
谢谢你的建议。
）在这些例句中，that用来指代先前提到过的名词（car和suggestion），起到连接和强调的作用。
二级段落标题3：what作为连词引导宾语从句另外，what还可以作为连词出现在宾语从句中，引导一个间接疑问句。
例如：1. She doesn't know what time the meeting starts.（她不知道会议什么时间开始。
高考英语语法复习：what与that的区别
高考英语语法复习：what与that的区别
what 与that引导名词性从句时的区别
两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句，区别是what 可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“所…的”，而that 仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略)。
如：
He doesn’t know what she likes. 他不知道她喜欢什么。
What you say is quite right. 你所说的相当正确。
I believe (that) he will come to see us. 我相信他会来看我们的。
It’s a pity (that) he didn’t finish college. 真遗憾他大学没毕业。
另外，that 可引导同位语从句，但what 通常不用于引导同位语从句。
如：
I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
what和that引导名词性从句的用法与区别讲义-高三英语一轮复习
what引导名词性从句的五种用法一、用法归纳1. 表示“……的东西或事情”They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2.表示“……的人或的样子”He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3. 表示“……的数量或数目”Our ine is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“……的时间”After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak,standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“……的地方”This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In1492,Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
巧妙区分that与what
能相 信 在 这样 一 个 富裕 的 国 家有 这 么多 贫 穷 的人 ？ （ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ￣ ｆ 导 宾语 从 句 ）
３ ． Ｗｅ ｈ ｅ ａ ｒ ｄ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｗ ｓ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｏ ｕ ｒ ｔ ｅ ａ ｍ ｈ ａ ｄ ｗ ｏ ｎ ． 我 们 听 到 了我 们 队获 胜 的消 息 。（ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ￣ Ｉ 导 同位 语从 句 ）
语从 句 ， ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ 在 从 句 中 既不 充 当任 何 成分 ， 也无 实 际 意义 ， 仅 起 着连 接句 子 的作 用 。一般 不 可省 略 （ 宾 语 从句 除外 ） 。若 从句 置 于句 子 后 面 ， 代 词ｉ ｔ 作 形式 主语 。例 如 ：
１ ． Ｉ ｔ ｗ ｏ ｒ ｒ ｉ ｅ ｄ ｈ ｅ ｒ ａ ｂ ｉ ｔ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｈ ａ ｉ ｒ ｗ ａ ｓ ｔ ｕ ｎｉ ｒ ｎ ｇ ｇ ｒ ｅ ｙ ． 她有点担心 ， 她 的头 发 变 得 花 白。 （ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ￣ Ｉ 导 主语 从 句 ）
一
、
引 导名 词 性 从句
当ｗ ｈ ａ ｔ 用 作连 接 代词 ， 引导 名 词 性从 句 时 ， 可 引导 主语 从 句 、 表语 从 句 和 宾语 从 句 （ 不 可 引 导 同位 语从 句 ） ， 它 本 身在 从 句 中充 当主语 、 宾 语 或 表语 。
１ ． Ｌ ｅ ａ ｖ ｅ ｉ ｔ ｗ ｉ ｔ ｈ ｍｅ ａ ｎ ｄ Ｉ ’ １ １ ｓ ｅ ｅ ｗ ｈ ａ ｔ Ｉ ｃ ａ ｎ ｄ ｏ ． 把 它交 给 我 ， 我来 想 想 办法 。 （ ｗ ｈ ａ ｔ ￣ Ｉ 导 宾语 从 句 并 作ｄ ｏ 的宾 语 ） ２ ． Ｗｈ ａ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｓ ａ ｉ ｄ ａ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｍ ｅ ｅ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｇ ａ ｓ ｔ ｏ ｎ ｉ ｓ ｈ ｅ ｄ ｅ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｙ ｂ ｏ ｄ ｙ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｅ ｎ ｔ ．他 在会 上 说 的话 使 在 场 的 人 都感 到惊 讶 。 （ ｗ ｈ ａ ｔ ￣ Ｉ 导 主 语从 句 并 在从 句 中作 宾 语 ） ３ ． Ｓ ｈ ｅ ｉ ｓ ｎ ｏ ｌ ｏ ｎ ｇ ｅ ｒ ｗ ｈ ａ ｔ ｓ ｈ ｅ ｗ ａ ｓ ｉ ｆ ｖ ｅ ｙ ｅ ａ ｒ ｓ ａ ｇ ｏ ． 她 不 再是 五年 前 的样 子 。 （ ｗ ｈ ａ ｔ ￣ ｌ 导 表 语从 句 并 在从 句 中作表 语 ） ｗ ｈ ａ ｔ 在 引导 名词 性 从 句 时具 有 三 大特 点 ： 不 可省 略 ， 作 成分 ， 有词义。 当ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ 用 作 连 接词 ， 引 导名 词 性 从 句 时 ， 可 引导 主语 从 句 、 表语从句 、 宾语 从 句 和 同位
What__和that_在名词性从句中的用法区别
What__和that_在名词性从句中的用法区别what和that 在名词性从句中的用法区别what和that 都可以引导名词性从句。
一．在引导名词性从句时，从属连词that一般要注意三个不（three nos）：1．不省略当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that 不省略。
Eg. 1) That he was able to come made us happy.2)The truth is that Ididn’t go there.3)The news that our team has won is true.that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况.(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that，从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.Eg: He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中, 则第二个宾语从句前的that 不省略。
Eg: He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.（第一个that可以省略，但第二个that不可以省略。
)2．不作成分that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。
Eg. 1)Sydney kept hispromise that hewould always doanything he couldfor Lucie to makesure of herhappiness.（that引导同位语从句）2)That you don’t likehim is none of mybusiness. (that引导主语从句）3．没词义that 在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。
Eg. 1)That she is a rich woman is known to us. (that 引导主语从句)2）The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him. (that引导同位语从句）二．在引导名词性从句时，what一般要注意一个有（meaning）,一个作（component）：eg.1) What I had for breakfasttoday was rice with egg.(what 在句中引导主语从句，what是had的宾语)2）I wonder what we can do. (what引导宾语从句，在句中做do的宾语）3) This is what she wanted to show us. (what引导表语从句，在句中做show的宾语）三．两个注意：1. What所引导的从句可以在介词后作宾语，而that从句一般不可以。
that what引导名词性从句区别
prepared for their future. 5. 问题在于人们怎样才能找到一种有效的方式来储藏太 阳热。
The question is how the people can find an effective way
that what引导名词性从句区别
that和what引导名词性从句的区别： tห้องสมุดไป่ตู้at：引导名词性从句本身无意义，只起连接 作用，在从句中不做成分，但不能省略（宾语 从句除外）。
What：引导名词性从句，在从句中做主语，宾 语和表语，不能省略。what,常译为“什么” “什么样子”或“所……的人或事
what = the n/pron + that/ which ， 可转换为定 语从句 e.g. What you said is true.
= The thing that you said is true .
1 What seems right to me seems wrong to him.
8 He is what is known as a hacker.
whatever/whoever 无论什么/谁 whatever = anything that whoever= anyone who e.g. 1). Whoever comes first wins the prize. 2). People/Those who come first win the prize. 3). It is unwise to give a kid whatever he wants. 4). Who broke the glass is not important. 5). Whoever broke the glass should be punished.
what和that引导名词性从句的用法与区别讲义- 高三英语一轮复习
what引导名词性从句的五种用法一、用法归纳1. 表示“……的东西或事情”They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2.表示“……的人或的样子”He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3. 表示“……的数量或数目”Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“……的时间”After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak,standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“……的地方”This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In1492,Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
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巧妙区分what与thatthat 与what从句是中学课本的一项重要语法内容，也是学生易出错的地方。
现将其用法归纳如下：一、引导主语从句that与what都可引导主语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。
what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。
如：What he said at the meeting was very important．他在会上所说的非常重要。
（宾语）What surprised us is that he did it alone．使我们吃惊的是他一个人做了那项工作。
（主语）That he did it alone surprised us．他独自完成了那项工作使我们感到吃惊。
（that 用来引导主语从句，在句中不作成分）二、引导宾语从句that与what都可引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分，一般情况下可以省略，但当有两个以上的宾语从句时，只能省掉第一个that。
what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。
如：They stopped to see what was happening．他们停下来看发生了什么事情。
（主语）The teacher got angry because of what the boy had done．那个男孩子做的事情让老师很生气。
（what在宾语从句中作宾语）All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple．所有的人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。
（that在宾语从句中不作句子成分且可省略）We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well and that when we discover what this something is we must work hard at it until we succeed．我们必须相信，我们每一个人都能把某件事情办好；而且，当我们发现这事情是什么的时候，我们就必须努力干下去，直到成功为止。
（第一个that可省略，第二个that 不能省略）三、引导表语从句that与what都可引导表语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分，且不能省略；what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。
如：Mary is no longer what she used to be．玛丽不再是从前那样了。
（what在表语从句中作表语）The question is what we should do to prevent him from going．问题是我们怎样做才能阻止他去。
（what在表语从句中作动词do的宾语）The reason why he didn’t come today is that his mother is ill．他今天没来的原因是他母亲病了。
（that只起连接作用）四、引导同位语从句that与what都可引导同位语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词，对所修饰的名词的具体内容进行详细阐述。
这类名词有：fact, idea, news, hope, belief, promise, thought, suggestion, proposal等。
that在从句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。
what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。
如：I have no idea what we should do next．我不知道我们下一步该做什么。
（宾语）He made a promise that he would study hard．他许诺要努力学习。
(that只起连接作用)The boy expressed his hope that he would be a pilot when he grows up．那个男孩儿表达了他长大后想当一名飞行员的愿望。
（that只起连接作用）五、引导定语从句that可引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语或宾语，that既可指人也可指物。
that在从句中作宾语时可省略。
如：This is one of the buildings that were built last year．这是去年建的楼房之一。
（that在定语从句中作主语，指物，不能省略。
）The doctor that you met in the street yesterday came here 20 years ago．你昨天在街上遇到的那位医生二十年前就来到这里了。
（that 在从句中作宾语，指人并可省略。
）注意：what不能引导定语从句。
如不能说：1．He did all what he could to save the patient．2．All what he needs is more time．应将句中的what改为that，或去掉what，还可以将以上两句中的all去掉，但两句的结构发生了根本的改变：句1中的what引导宾语从句，句2中的what 引导主语从句。
六、引导状语从句so．．．that, such ..．that, so that结构引导状语从句。
what不能引导状语从句，但whatever, no matter what可引导让步状语从句。
如：He made such rapid progress in English that before long he could write articlesfor an American newspaper．他的英语进步很快，不久就能为美国的一家报社写文章了。
Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won’t burn them．请把幼苗放在阴凉处以免太阳晒枯它们。
Don’t believe him no matter what he says．无论他说什么，都不要相信他。
一、引导词what与that在引导名词性从句的用法区别引导主语、宾语或表语从句时，what在从句中要充当句子成分；而that引导主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句时，不作任何成分，只起语法连接作用。
试比较：That George W. Bush won the presidency once again was what many people hadn't ex pected.乔治？布什再次赢得总统大选，这是很多人没有预料到的。
It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it.事情往往是这样，失去之物，方知珍惜。
二、引导词what与that在引导定语从句的用法区别首先，要记住在定语从句中，跟本不用what连接词。
只有that和which.所以大家在做题中，如果是定语从句，就不要再考虑what了。
That 在定语从句中，一般可以作从句的主语。
宾语和表语。
例如：1、（2005北京春季卷） Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited th ree months ago？where B when C that D what「分析」C 定语从句连词，that做从句visit的宾语。
没有what连词。
2、He is not the naughty boy that he used to be.他不再是从前那个调皮的男孩了。
对引导词that与what的考查【考点】that引导名词性从句时，不作任何句子成分，只起连接词的作用，且本身不具任何意义，表示一种肯定的概念。
that引导宾语从句时可以省略；what引导名词性从句时，what在句中作主语、宾语或表语，且不可省略。
what相当于“名词+that引导的定语从句”。
【考例1】See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning. (2006全国Ⅰ)A．when B. which C. where D. what【答案与解析】答案是D。
what引导表语从句，且在从句中作did的宾语。
what相当于all that。
【考例2】There is much chance______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (2006 天津)A. thatB. whichC. untilD. if【答案与解析】答案是A。
that引导同位语从句，对chance的内容解释说明。
that在句中不作任何句子成分，只起连接词的作用。
【考例3】____________ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. (2006 辽宁)A. WhatB. whoC. WhateverD. Whoever【答案与解析】A。
what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。
what相当于the thing t hat。
B、C、D在句中可以作主语，但在此意义不符。
【考例4】One advantage of playing the guitar is______it can give you a great deal of pleasure. (2006 上海)A. howB. whyC. thatD. when【答案与解析】答案是C。
that引导表语从句，that在句中不作任何句子成分，只起连接词的作用。
巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. （2005福建卷）——Is that the small town you often refer to？——Right， just the one _____ you know I used to work for years.A thatB whichC whereD what2. ____ should be done must be done in time.A WhatB AllC AnythingD All what3. A computer is so useful a machine ______ we can use everywhere.A thatB whichC asD what4（2005天津卷）last month， part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，from __ ___effects the people are still suffering.A thatB whoseC thoseD what5. （2005湖北卷） Her sister has becomes a lawyer， _____ she wanted to be.A whoB thatC whatD which6. （07安徽） You can only be sure of _____ you have at present； you cannot be s ure of something ____ you might get in the future.A that； whatB what；/C which； thatD /；that7. （07陕西） _____ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A ThatB WhichC WhatD as8. （07上海） ____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.A ThatB WhatC WhetherD Where9. （2006全国卷II）——What did your parents think about your decision？----- They always let me do ____ I think I should.A. when B that C.how D. what10. （2005上海卷）The other day，my brother drove his car down the street at ___ I t hought was a dangerous speed.A. as B which C. what D. that1. C 定语从句，one是先行词2. A what引导主语从句，做从句中can的主语。