2013大学日语专业八级真题
2013年专八试卷真题、详细解析
专业英语八级真题2013年There are differences between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:Ⅰ. reading with purposeA. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (1)Ⅱ. (2) and critical in thinkingi.e. information processing, e.g.-connections between the known and the new information-identification of (3) concepts-judgment on the value of (4)Ⅲ. active in listeningA. ways of note-taking: (5)B. before note-taking: listening and thinkingⅣ. being able to get assistanceA. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6)B. reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesⅤ. be ing able to question informationA. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (7)Ⅵ. last characteristicA. attitude toward responsibility-active learners: accept-passive learners: (8)B. attitude toward (9)-active learners: evaluate and change behaviour-passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.SECTION B1、 According to the interviewer, which of the following best indicatesthe relationship between choice and mobility?A. Better education → more choices → greater mobility.B. Better education → greater mobility → mo re choices.C. Greater mobility → better education → more choices.D. Greater mobility → more choices → better education.2、 According to the interview, which of the following details about the first poll is INCORRECT?A. Job security came second according to the poll results.B. Chances for advancement might have been favoured by young people.C. High income failed to come on top for being most important.D. Shorter work hours was least chosen for being most important.3、 According to the interviewee, which is the main difference between the first and the second poll?A. The type of respondents who were invited.B. The way in which the questions were designed.C. The content area of the questions.D. The number of poll questions.4、 What can we learn from the respondents' answers to items 2, 4 and 7in the second poll?A. Recognition from colleagues should be given less importance.B. Workers are always willing and ready to learn more new skills.C. Work will have to be made interesting to raise efficiency.D. Psychological reward is more important than material one.5、 According to the interviewee, which of the following can offer both psychological and monetary benefits?A. Contact with many people.B. Appreciation from coworkers.C. Chances for advancement.D. Chances to learn new skills. SECTION C6、 According to the news item, "sleep boxes" are designed to solve the problems of A. airports. B. passengers. C. architects. D. companies.7、Which of the following is NOT true with reference to the news?A. Renters can take a shower inside the box.B. Renters of normal height can stand up inside.C. Bedding can be automatically changed.D. Sleep boxes can be rented for different lengths of time.8、 What is the news item mainly about?A. London's preparations for the Nothing Hill Carnival.B. Main features of the Nothing Hill Carnival.C. Police's preventive measures for the carnival.D. Police participation in the carnival.9、 The news item reports on a research finding aboutA.early malnutrition and heart health.B.the Dutch famine and the Dutch women.C.the causes of death during the famine.D.nutrition in childhood and adolescence.10、 When did the research team carry out the study?A. At the end of World War Ⅱ.B. Between 1944 and 1945.C. In the 1950s.D. In 2007.TEXT AThree hundred years ago news traveled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printednews," noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere, report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news businessis unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general intheir tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffee house is buck. Enjoy it.11、 According to the passage, what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?A. The emergence of big mass media firms.B.The popularity of radio and television.C. The increasing number of newspaper readers.D. The appearance of advertising in newspapers.12、 Which of the following statements best supports "Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house"?A. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009.B. People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.C. More people are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news.D. Classified documents are published in their thousands online.13、 According to the passage, which is NOT a role played by information technology? A. Challenging the traditional media.B. Planning the return to coffee-house news.C. Providing people with access to classified files.D. Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.14、 The author's tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism isA. doubtful and reserved.B. supportive and skeptical.C. optimistic and cautious.D. ambiguous and cautious.15、 In "The coffee house is buck", coffee house best symbolizesA. the participatory nature of news.B. the more varied sources of news.C. the changing characteristics of news audience.D. the more diversified means of news distribution.TEXT BParis is like pornography. You respond even if you don't want to. You turn a corner and see a vista, and your imagination bolts away. Suddenly you are thinking about what it would be like to live in Paris, and then you think about all the lives you have not lived. Sometimes, though, when you are lucky, you only think about how many pleasures the day ahead holds. Then, you feel privileged.The lobby of the hotel is decorated in red and gold. It gives off awhiff of 19th-century decadence. Probably as much as any hotel in Paris, this hotel is sexy. I was standing facing the revolving doors and the driveway beyond. A car with a woman in the back seat - a woman in ashort skirt and black-leather jacket - pulled up before the hotel door. She swung off and she was wearing high heels. Normally, my mind wouldhave leaped and imagined a story for this woman. Now it didn't. I stood there and told myself: Cheer up. You're in Paris.In many ways, Paris is best visited in winter. The tourist crowds are at a minimum, and one is not being jammed off the narrow sidewalks along the Rue Dauphine. More than this, Paris is like many other European cities in that the season of blockbuster cultural events tends to begin in midto late fall and so, by the time of winter, most of the cultural treasures of the city are laid out to be admired.The other great reason why Paris in winter is so much better than Paris in spring and fall is that after the end of the August holidays and the return of chic Parisian women to their city, the restaurant-opening season truly begins hopping. By winter, many of the new restaurants have worked out their kinks (不足; 困难) and, once the hype has died down, it is possible to see which restaurants are actually good and which are merely noisy and crowded.Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being, Lincoln said. In Paris it doesn't take much to be happy. Outside the hotel, the sky was pale and felt very high up. I walked the few blocks to the Seine and began running along the blue-green river toward the Eiffel Tower. The tower in the distance was black, and felt strange and beautiful the way that many things built for the joy of building do. As I ran toward it, because of its lattice structure, the tower seemed obviously delicate. Seeing it, I felt a sense of protectiveness.I think it was this moment of protectiveness that marked the change in my mood and my slowly becoming thrilled with being in Paris.During winter evenings, Paris's streetlamps have a halo and resemble dandelions. In winter, when one leaves the Paris street and enters a cafe or restaurant, the light and temperature change suddenly and dramatically, and there is the sense of having discovered something secret. In winter, because the days are short, there is an urgency to the choices one makes. There is the sense that life is short and so let us decide on what matters.16、 According to the passage, once in Paris one might experience all the following feelings EXCEPTA. regret.B. condescension.C. expectation.D. impulse.17、 Winter is the best season to visit Paris. Which of the following does NOT support this statement?A. Fashionable Parisian women return to Paris.B. There are more good restaurants to choose from.C. More entertainment activities are staged.D. There are fewer tourists in Paris.18、 "Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being." This statement means that most peopleA. expect to be happy.B. hope to be as happy as others.C. would be happier if they want.D. can be happy if they want.19、 In the eyes of the author, winter in Paris is significant because of A. its implications for life. B. the atmosphere of its evenings.C. the contrast it brings.D. the discovery one makes.20、 At the end of the passage, the author found himself in a mood ofA. joyfulness.B. thoughtfulness.C. loneliness.D. excitement. TEXT CIf you want to know why Denmark is the world's leader in wind power, start with a three-hour car trip from the capital Copenhagen - mind the bicyclists - to the small town of Lem on the far west coast of Jutland. You'll feel it as you cross the 6.8 kin-long Great Belt Bridge: Denmark's bountiful wind, so fierce even on a calm summers day that it threatens to shove your car Into the waves below. But wind itself is only part of the reason. In Lem, workers in factories the size ofaircraft hangars build the wind turbines sold by Vestas, the Danish company that has emerged as the industry's top manufacturer around the globe. The work is both gross and fine; employees weld together massive curved sheets of steel to make central shafts as tall as a 14-story building, and assemble engine housings (机器外罩) that hold some 18,000 separate parts. Most impressive are the turbine's blades, which scoop the wind with each sweeping revolution. As smooth as an Olympic swimsuit and honed to aerodynamic perfection, each blade weighs in at 7,000 kg, and they're what help make Vestas' turbines the best in the world. "The blade is where the secret is," says Erik Therkelsen, a Vestas executive. "If we can make a turbine, it's sold."But technology, Like the wind itself, is just one more part of the reason for Denmark's dominance. In the end, it happened because Denmark had the political and public will to decide that it wanted to be a leader - and to follow through. Beginning in 1979, the government began a determined programme of subsidies and loan guarantees to build up its wind industry. Copenhagen covered 30% of investment costs, and guaranteed loans for large turbine exporters such as Vestas. It also mandated that utilities purchase wind energy at a preferential price - thus guaranteeing investors a customer base. Energy taxes were channeled into research centres, where engineers crafted designs that would eventually produce cutting-edge giants like Vestas' 3-megawatt (MW) V90 turbine.As a result, wind turbines now dot Deunlark. The country gets more than 19% of its electricity from the breeze (Spain and Portugal, the next highest countries, get about 10%) and Danish companies control one-third of the global wind market, earning billions in exports and creating a national champion from scratch. "They were out early in driving renewables, and that gave them the chance to be a technology leader and a job-creation leader," says Jake Schmidt, international climate policy director for the New York City-based Natural Resources Defense Council. "They have always been one or two steps ahead of others."The challenge now for Denmark is to help the rest of the world catch up. Beyond wind, the country (pop. 5.5 million) is a world leader in energy efficiency, getting more GDP per watt than any other member of the E.U. Carbon emissions are down 13.3% from 1990 levels and total energy consumption has barely moved, even as Denmark's economy continued to grow at a healthy clip. With Copenhagen set to host all- important U.N. climate change talks in December - where the world hopes for a successor to the expiring Kyoto Protocol - and the global recession beginning tohit environmental plans in capitals everywhere, Denmark's examplecouldn't be more timely. "We'll try to make Demnark a showroom," says Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen. "You can reduce energy use and carbon emissions, and achieve economic growth."It's tempting to assume that Denmark is innately green, with the kindof Scandinavian good conscience that has made it such a pleasant global citizen since, oh, the whole Viking thing. But the country's policies were actually born from a different emotion, one now in common currency: fear. When the 1973 oil crisis hit, 90% of Denmark's energy came from petroleum, almost all of it imported. Buffeted by the same supply shocks that hit the rest of the developed world, Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation, to the point of introducing car-free Sundaysand asking businesses to switch off tights during closing hours. Eventually the Mideast oil started flowing again, and the Danes themselves began enjoying the benefits of the petroleum and natural gas in their slice of the North Sea. It was enough to make them more thanself sufficient. But unlike most other countries, Denmark never forgot the lessons of 1973, and kept driving for greater energy efficiency anda more diversified energy supply. The Danish parliament raised taxes on energy to encourage conservation and established subsidies and standards to support more efficient buildings. "It all started out without any regard for the climate or the environment," says Svend Auken, the former head of Denmark's opposition Social Democrat Party and the architect of the country's environmental policies in the 1990s. "But today there's aconsensus that we need to build renewable power."To the rest of the world, Denmark has the power of its example, showing that you can stay rich and grow green at the same time. "Denmark has proven that acting on climate can be a positive experience, not just painful," says NRDC's Schmidt. The real pain could come from failing to follow in their footsteps.21、 Which of the following is NOT cited as a main reason for Denmark's world leadership in wind power?A.Geographical location.ernment drive.C. Technology.D. Wind.22、 The author has detailed some of the efforts of the Danish Government in promoting the wind industry in order to showA. the country's subsidy and loan policies.B. the importance of export to the country.C.the role of taxation to the economy.D. the government's determination.23 What does the author mean by "Denmark's example couldn't be more timely"?A. Denmark's energy-saving efforts cannot be followed by other countries.B. Denmark can manufacture more wind turbines for other countries.C. Denmark's energy-saving success offers the world a useful model.D. Denmark aims to show the world that it can develop even faster.24、 According to the passage, Denmark's energy-saving policiesoriginated fromA. the country's long tradition of environmental awareness.B. the country's previous experience of oil shortage.C. the country's grave shortage of natural resources.D. the country's abundant wind resources.25、 Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?A. Not to save energy could lead to serious consequences.B. Energy saving efforts can be painful but positive.C. Energy saving cannot go together with economic growth.D. Denmark is a powerful leader in the global wind market.TEXT DThe first clue came when I got my hair cut. The stylist offered not just the usual coffee or tea but a complimentary nail-polish change while I waited for my hair to dry. Maybe she hoped this little amenity wouldslow the growing inclination of women to stretch each haircut to last four months while nursing our hair back to whatever natural color welong ago forgot.Then there was the appliance salesman who offered to carry my bags as we toured the microwave aisle. When I called my husband to ask him tocheck some specs online, the salesman offered a pre-emp- tive discount, lest the surfing turn up the same model cheaper in another store. That night, for the first time, I saw the Hyundai ad promising shoppers that if they buy a car and then lose their job in the next year, they can return it.Suddenly everything's on sale. The upside to the economic downturn is the immense incentive it gives retailers to treat you like a queen for a day. During the flush times, salespeople were surly, waiters snobby. But now the customer rules, just for showing up. There's more room tostretch out on the flight, even in a coach. The malls have that serene aura of undisturbed wilderness, with scarcely a shopper in sight. Every conversation with anyone selling anything is a pantomime of pain and bluff. Finger the scarf, then start to walk away, and its price floats silkily downward. When the mechanic calls to tell you that brakes and a timing belt and other services will run close to $2,000,it's time to break out the newly perfected art of the considered pause. You really don't even have to say anything pitiful before he'll offer to knock a few hundred dollars off.Restaurants are also caught in a fit of ardent hospitality, especially around Wail Street: Trinity Place offers $3 drinks at happy hour any day the market goes down, with the slogan "Market tanked? Get tanked! " -which ensures a lively crowd for the closing bell. The "21" Club has decided that men no longer need to wear ties, so long as they bringtheir wallets. Food itself is friendlier: you notice more comfort food, a truce between chef and patron that is easier to enjoy now that you can get a table practically anywhere. New York Times restaurant critic Frank Bruni characterizes the new restaurant demeanor as "extreme solicitousness tinged with outright desperation." "You need to hug the customer," one owner told him.There's a chance that eventually we'll return all this kindness with the extravagant spending that was once decried but now everyone is hoping will restart the economy. But human nature is funny that way. In dangerous times, we clench and squint at the deal that looks too good to miss, suspecting that it must be too good to be true. Is the store with the super cheap flat screens going to go bust and thus not be there to hour the "free" extended warranty? Is there something wrong with that free cheese? Store owners will tell you horror stories about shoppers with attitude, who walk in demanding discounts and flaunt their new power at every turn. These store owners wince as they sense bad habits forming: Will people expect dis- counts forever? Will their hard-won brand luster be forever cheapened, especially for items whose alluredepends on their being ridiculously priced?There will surely come a day when things go back to "normal"; retail sales even inched up in January after sinking for the previous six months. But I wonder what it will take for us to see those $545 Sigerson Morrison studded toe-ring sandals as reasonable? Bargain-hunting can be addictive regardless of the state of the markets, and haggling is a low-risk, high-value contact sport. Trauma digs deep into habit, like my 85- year-old mother still calling her canned-goods cabinet "the bomb shelter." The children of the First Depression were saving string and preaching sacrifice long after the skies cleared. They came to be called the "greatest generation." As we learn to be decent stewards of our resources, who knows what might come of it? We have lived in an age of wanton waste, and there is value in practicing conservation that goesfar beyond our own bottom line.26、According to the passage, what does "the first clue" suggest?A. Women tend to have their hair cut less frequently.B. Shops, large or small, are offering big discounts.C. Shops try all kinds of means to please customers.D. Customers refrain from buying things impulsively.27、 Which of the following best depicts the retailers now?A. Over-friendlyB. Bad-tempered.C.Highly motivatedD.Deeply frustrated.28、 What does the author mean by "the newly perfected art of the considered pause"?A.Customers now rush to buy things on sale.B. Customers have learned how to bargain.C. Customers have higher demands for service.D. Customers have got a sense of superiority.29、 According to the passage, "shoppers... flaunt their new power at every turn" means that shoppers wouldA. like to show that they are powerful.B. keep asking for more discounts.C. like to show off their wealth.D. have more doubts or suspicion.30、 What is the author's main message in the last two paragraphs?A. The practice of frugality is of great importance.B. Extravagant spending would boost economic growth.C. One's life experience would turn into lifelong habits.D. Customers should expect discounts for luxury goods.31、 The full official name of Australia isA. The Republic of Australia.B. The Union of Australia.B.The Federation of Australia. D. The Commonwealth of Australia.32、 Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPTA. its mineral resources.B. its heavy industries.C. its forest resources.D. its fertile and arable land.33、 In the United States community colleges offerA. two-year programs.B. four-year programs.C. postgraduate studies.D. Ｂ．Ａ．or Ｂ.Ｓ.degrees.34、 In ______, reference in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottishparliament and a Wales assembly. A. 2000 B.1946 C. 1990 D. 199735、 Which of the following clusters of words is an example ofalliteration?A. A weak seat.B. Knock and kick.C. Safe and sound.D. Coat and boat.36、 Who wrote Mrs. Warren's Profession?A.George Bernard Shaw.B.William Butler Yeats.C.John Galsworthy.D. T.S. Eliot.37、 Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n)A. autobiography.B. short story.C. poem.D. novel.38、 Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme?A. Unlock.B. Government.C. Goes.D. Off-stage.39、 ______ is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what theyrefer to.A. Collocation B. Onomatopoeia C. Denotation D. Assimilation40、 The sentence "Close your book and listen to me carefully!" performsa(n) ______ function.A. interrogativeB. informativeC. performativeD. directivePART Ⅳ PROOFREADDING & ERROR CORRECTIONPsycholinguistics is the name given to the study of the psychologicalprocess involved in language. Psycholinguists study understanding,production, and remembering language, and hence are concerned with(1) listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually(2) happens so effortlessly, and, most of time, so accurately.(3) Indeed, when you listen to someone speaking, or looking at thispage, (4) you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only inexceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced(6) their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if(7) we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; orif we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meetanyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples(8) of what might be called "language in exceptional circumstances"reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking,(9) listening, writing, and reading. But given that language processeswere normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful。
N1,专八所有敬语真题整理
13、このたび代表としてご國際会議に（ ）い ただくことになりました。（1997年） １ いかれて ２ いかせて ３ いかされて ４ いかせられて 答案2 翻译“这次决定有我作为代表参加国际会
议”
14、いかがですか。こちらのお着物はお気に （ ）でしょうか。 １ なされた ２ なられた ３ 召された ４ 存じた 答案3 召される，する的敬语，构成固定搭 配，表满意
15「ご注文の品物ができあがりましたので、今度 の日曜日にお届けに（ ）よろしいでしょう か。」 「ええ、お願いします。」 １ あがっても ２ おいでになっても ３ みえても ４ うけたまわっても 答案1 あがる是自谦动词，表“登府，去（您 家）、、、”；选项2和选项3表“您去（来）、、、”； 选项4表“恭听”，自谦语
NI历年真题训练
以下题目为我整理的 1995~2011年N1能力考试真 题所涉及的所有与敬语有关 的文法题，はじめましょうか。
１、（電話で） 山中； 「あ、木村先生でいらっしゃいますか。AB出 版の山中でございますが、いまから原稿をいただきに上 がってもよろしいでしょうか。」 木村； 「すみません。まだできていないんです。あ と３日（ ）。」 (２０１１年） １ 待っておいでになります ２ お待ち申し上げております ３ 待たせていただくことにしましょうか ４ 待っていただくわけにはいきませんか
答案3 让对方允许己方做什么。翻译为“你认识能 给我们画海报的人么，下个月内部要召开管弦乐音 乐会。那能让我弟弟画吗，他是美术学校的。”
11、今日の午後はちょっと早めに（ ）いただ きたいのですが。（1998） １ 帰られて ２ 帰らせて ３ 帰されて ４ 帰らされて 答案2 谦让语，让对方允许自己做某事 12、みなさん、わざわざお出迎え（ ）、あり がとうございます。 １ られて ２ されて ３ いたされ ４ くださり 答案４ 翻译为“大家特意来接我，非常感谢”
2012年日语专业八级考试文学文化题及答案
2012年日语专业八级考试文学文化题及答案
51．与謝野晶子の作品はどれか。
Ａ．東西南北Ｂ．みだれ髪Ｃ．一握の砂Ｄ．歌よみに与ふる書
Ｂ．みだれ髪
52．「もののあはれ」論を言い出した学者は誰か。
Ａ．福沢諭吉Ｂ．賀茂真淵Ｃ．本居宣長Ｄ．契沖
Ｃ．本居宣長
53．『万葉集』の歌風はどんなものか。
Ａ．みやびＢ．幽玄Ｃ．たおやめぶりＤ．ますらをぶり
Ｄ．ますらをぶり
54．芭蕉の『奥の細道』はどのような書物か。
Ａ．紀行文Ｂ．俳文集Ｃ．連歌論Ｄ．俳諧論
Ａ．紀行文
55．『保元物語』と同じジャンルのものはどれか。
Ａ．伊勢物語Ｂ．平家物語Ｃ．栄華物語Ｄ．源氏物語
Ｂ．平家物語
56．豊臣秀吉はどの時代の人か。
Ａ．平安時代Ｂ．鎌倉時代Ｃ．江戸時代Ｄ．戦国時代
Ｄ．戦国時代
57．日本三景の宮島はどこに位置するか。
Ａ．岡山県Ｂ．広島県Ｃ．宮城県Ｄ．京都県
Ｂ．広島県
58．日本最大の活火山はどれか。
Ａ．富士山Ｂ．浅間山Ｃ．阿蘇山Ｄ．雲仙岳
Ｃ．阿蘇山
59．日本天台宗を開いたのは誰か。
Ａ．空海Ｂ．日蓮Ｃ．最澄Ｄ．法然
Ｃ．最澄
60．日本最大の湖はどこに位置するか。
Ａ．静岡県Ｂ．京都府Ｃ．愛知県Ｄ．滋賀県
Ｄ．滋賀県
1。
日语专业八级模拟试题
日语专业八级模拟试题（一）Ⅰ、聴解(1＊25＝25点)(略)Ⅱ、文字、語彙、文法一、次の文の下線をつけた言葉はどのようなものに当たるか、それぞれのA、B、C、D から一つ選んでください。
（１＊１０＝１０）11、申込書に返信用封筒をてんぷこと。
A天賦B点附 C 添付D転付12、君にはもうこうさんしたよ。
A公算B鉱産C降参D恒産13、この画は僕のしさくだ。
A思索B試作C施策D私作14、とんやから購入するのは値段安い。
A門屋B問屋C門店D問店15、外人観光客をゆうちする。
A優致B有畜C誘致D幼稚16、これは精巧な細工を施した花瓶だ。
AせいくBせいこうCさいくDさいこう17、いい布地があった。
AふちBぬのちCきじDぬのじ18、一審判判決を破棄する。
AはぎBはきCやぶきDばぎ19、母は人生の黄昏になった。
AこうこんBじぐれCたそがれDあけぼの20、時代に順応するAじゅんおんBじゅのうCじゅんのうDじゅのう二、次の文の（）に入れる言葉はどれか、それぞれのA、B、C D中から一番いいものを一つ選んで入れなさい。
（１＊10＝10）21、通信販売に人気が集まっている。
確かに便利なものであるとはいえ、実際に品物を見ないこと（）は、安心できそうもない。
AでBにCからDまで22、親に相談すれば、歓談に解決できた（）、どうして一人悩んでいたのだろう。
AようにBほどをCものをDばかりに23、父も母もこれまではただ仕事ひとすじで人生を楽しむゆとりなどなかった、海外は（）国内さえもほとんど旅行したことがない。
AおろかBわずかC限らずD問わず24、普段あまり表情を顔に出さない山村さんが、まっ赤な顔をしていた（）、よほど頭にきたのだろう。
AとはBとあってCとあればDというども25、彼女はイギリス人の留学生で、日本語を勉強する（）、日本人に英語を教えてもいる。
AゆえにBかたわらCそばからDがてら26、汗（）になって働いても、もらえる金はわずかた。
全国2013专业英语八级考试真题及参考答案(完整版)
2013年TEM8真题及答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture.What Do Active Learners Do?There are difference between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I. reading with purposesA. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (1) ________ (1) ________II. (2) ______ and critical in thinking (2) ________i.e. information processing, e.g.— connections between the known and the new information— identification of (3) ______ concepts (3) ________— judgment on the value of (4) _____. (4) ________III. active in listeningA. ways of note-taking: (5) _______. (5) ________B. before note-taking: listening and thinkingIV. being able to get assistanceA. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of(6) ______. (6) ________B. reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesV. being able to question informationA. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (7) ______. (7) ________VI. last characteristicA. attitude toward responsibility— active learners: accept— passive learners: (8) _______ (8) ________B. attitude toward (9) ______ (9) ________— active learners: evaluate and change behaviour— passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will: will is more important in(10) ______. (10) ________Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1.According to the interviewer, which of the following best indicates the relationship betweenchoice and mobility?A.Better education → greater mobility → more choices.B.Better education → more choices → greater mobility.C.Greater mobility → better education → more choices.D.Greater mobility → more choices → better education.2.According to the interview, which of the following details about the first poll isINCORRECT?A.Shorter work hours was least chosen for being most important.B.Choices for advancement might have been favored by young people.C.High income failed to come on top for being most important.D.Job security came second according to the poll results.3.According to the interviewee, which is the main difference between the first and the secondpoll?A.The type of respondents who were invited.B.The way in which the questions were designed.C.The content area of the questions.D.The number of poll questions.4.What can we learn from the respondents’ answers to items 2, 4, and 7 in the second poll?A.Recognition from colleagues should be given less importance.B.Workers are always willing and ready to learn more new skills.C.Psychological reward is more important than material one.D.Work will have to be made interesting to raise efficiency.5.According to the interviewee, which of the following can offer both psychological andmonetary benefits?A.Contact with many people.B.Chances for advancement.C.Appreciation from coworkers.D.Chances to learn new skills.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on your answer sheet.Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6.According to the news item, “sleepboxes” are designed to solve the problems of _________.A.airportsB.passengersC.architectspanies7.Which of the following is NOT true with reference to the news?A.Sleepboxes can be rented for different lengths of the time.B.Renters of normal height can stand up inside.C.Bedding can be automatically changed.D.Renters can take a shower inside the box.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.8.What is the news item mainly about?A.London’s preparations for the Notting Hill Carnival.B.Main features of the Notting Hill Carnival.C.Police’s preventive measures for the carnival.D.Police participation in the carnival.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9.The news item reports on a research finding about _________.A.the Dutch famine and the Dutch womenB.early malnutrition and heart healthC.the causes of death during the famineD.nutrition in childhood and adolescence10.When did the research team carry out the study?A.At the end of World War II.B.Between 1944 and 1945.C.In the 1950s.D.In 2007.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on your answer sheet.TEXT AThree hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. “The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate a ll manner of printed news,” noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the distinctive characteristic of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through “open government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has madepossible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.11.According to the passage, what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news tomass-media news?A.The emergence of big mass media firms.B.The popularity of radio and television.C.The appearance of advertising in newspapers.D.The increasing numbers of newspaper readers.12.Which of the following statements best supports “Now, the news industry is returning tosomething closer to the coffee house”?A.Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009.B.People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.C.Classified documents are published in their thousands online.D.More people are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news.13.According to the passage, which is NOT a role played by information technology?A.Challenging the traditional media.B.Planning the return to coffee-house news.C.Providing people with access to classified files.D.Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.14.The author’s tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is _________.A.optimistic and cautiousB.supportive and skepticalC.doubtful and reservedD.ambiguous and cautious15.In “The coffee house is back”, coffee house best symbolizes _________.A.the changing characteristics of news audienceB.the more diversified means of news distributionC.the participatory nature of newsD.the more varied sources of newsTEXT BParis is like pornography. You respond even if you don’t want to. You turn a corner and see a vista, and your imagination bolts away. Suddenly you are thinking about what it would be like tolive in Paris, and then you think about all the lives you have not lived. Sometimes, though, when you are lucky, you only think about how many pleasures the day ahead holds. Then, you feel privileged.The lobby of the hotel is decorated in red and gold. It gives off a whiff of 19th. century decadence. Probably as much as any hotel in Paris, this hotel is sexy. I was standing facing the revolving doors and the driveway beyond. A car with a woman in the back seat — a woman in a short skirt and black — leather jacket — pulled up before the hotel door. She swung off and she was wearing high heels. Normally, my mind would have leaped and imagined a story for this woman. Now it didn’t I stood there and told myself. Cheer up. You’re in Paris.In many ways, Paris is best visited in winter. The tourist crowds are at a minimum, and one is not being jammed off the narrow sidewalks along the Rue Dauphine. More than this. Paris is like many other European cities in that the season of blockbuster cultural events tends to begin in mid-to late fall and so, by the time of winter, most of the cultural treasures of the city are laid out to be admired.The other great reason why Paris in winter is so much better than Paris in spring and fall is that after the end of the August holidays and the return of chic Parisian women to their city, the restaurant-opening season truly begins hopping. By winter, many of the new restaurants have worked out their kinks(不足；困难) and, once the hype has died down, it is possible to see which restaurants are actually good and which are merely noisy and crowded.Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being, Lincoln said. In Paris it doesn’t take much to be happy. Outside the hotel, the sky was pale and felt very high up. I walked the few blocks to the Seine and began running along the blue-green river toward the Eiffel Tower. The tower in the distance was black, and felt strange and beautiful the way that many things built for the joy of building do. As I ran toward it, because of its lattice structure, the tower seemed obviously delicate. Seeing it, I felt a sense of protectiveness.I think it was this moment of protectiveness that marked the change in my mood and my slowly becoming thrilled with being in Paris.During winter evenings, Paris’s streetlamps have a halo and resemble dandelions. In winter, when one leaves the Paris street and enters a cafe or restaurant, the light and temperature change suddenly and dramatically, there is the sense of having discovered something secret. In winter, because the days are short, there is an urgency to the choices one makes. There is the sense that life is short and so let us decide on what matters.16. According to the passage, once in Paris one might experience all the following feelings EXCEPT _________.A.regretB.condescensionC.expectationD.impulse17.Winter is the best season to visit Paris. Which of the following does NOT support thisstatement?A.Fashionable Parisian women return to Paris.B.More entertainment activities are staged.C.There are more good restaurants to choose from.D.There are fewer tourists in Paris.18.“Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being.” This statement means thatmost people _________.A.expect to be happyB.hope to be as happy as othersC.would be happier if they wantedD.can be happy if they want19.In the eyes of the author, winter in Paris is significant because of _________.A.the atmosphere of its eveningsB.its implications for lifeC.the contrast it bringsD.the discovery one makes20.At the end of the passage, the author found himself in a mood of _________.A.excitementB.thoughtfulnessC.lonelinessD.joyfulnessTEXT CIf you want to know why Denmark is the world’s leader in wind power, start with a three-hour car trip from the capital Copenhagen — mind the bicyclists — to the small town of Lem on the far west coast of Jutland. You’ll feel it as you cross the 6.8 km-long Great Belt Bridge: Denmark’s bountiful wind, so fierce even on a calm summer’s day that it threatens to shove your car into the waves below. But wind itself is only part of the reason. In Lem, workers in factories the size of aircraft hangars build the wind turbines sold by Vestas, the Danish company that has emerged as the industry’s top manufacturer around the globe. The work is both gross and fine; employees weld together massive curved sheets of steel to make central shafts as tall as a 14-story building, and assemble engine housings (机器外罩) that hold some 18, 000 separate parts. Most impressive are the turbine’s blades, which scoop the wind with each sweeping revolution. As smooth as an Olympic swimsuit and honed to aerodynamic perfection, each blade weighs in at 7,000 kg, and they’re what help make Vestas’ turbines the best in the world. “The blade is where the secret is,” says Erik Therkelsen, a Vestas executive. “If we can make a turbine, it’s sold.”But technology, like the wind itself, is just one more part of the reason for Denmark’s dominance. In the end, it happened because Denmark had the political and public will to decide that it wanted to be a leader — and to follow through. Beginning in 1979, the government began a determined programme of subsidies and loan guarantees to build up its wind industry. Copenhagen covered 30% of investment costs, and guaranteed loans for large turbine exporters such as Vestas. It also mandated that utilities purchase wind energy at a preferential price — thus guaranteeing investors a customer base. Energy taxes were channeled into research centres, where engineers crafted designs that would eventually produce cutting-edge giants like Vestas’ 3-magawatt (MW) V90 turbine.As a result, wind turbines now dot Denmark. The country gets more than 19% of its electricity from the breeze (Spain and Portugal, the next highest countries, get about 10%) andDanish companies control one-third of the global wind market, earning billions in exports and creating a national champion from scratch. “They were out early in driving renewables, and that gave them the chance to be a technology leader and a job-creation leader,” says Jake Schmidt, international climate policy director for the New York City-based Natural Resources Defense Council. “They have always been one or two steps ahead of others.”The challenge now for Denmark is to help the rest of the world catch up. Beyond wind, the country (pop.5.5 million) is a world leader in energy efficiency, getting more GDP per watt than any other member of the E.U. Carbon emissions are down 13.3% from 1990 levels and total energy consumption has barely moved, even as Denmark’s economy continued to grow at a healthy clip. With Copenhagen set to host all-important U.N. climate change talks in December —where the world hopes for a successor to the expiring Kyoto Protocol — and the global recession beginning to hit environmental plans in capitals everywhere, Denmark’s example couldn’t b e more timely.“We’ll try to make Denmark a showroom,” says Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen. “You can reduce energy use and carbon emissions, and achieve economic growth.”It’s tempting to assume that Denmark is innately green, with the kind of Scand inavian good conscience that has made it such a pleasant global citizen since, oh, the whole Viking thing. But the country’s policies were actually born from a different emotion, one now in common currency: fear. When the 1973 oil crisis hit, 90% of Denmar k’s energy came from petroleum, almost all of it imported. Buffeted by the same supply shocks that hit the rest of the developed world, Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation, to the point of introducing car-free Sundays and asking businesses to switch off lights during closing hours. Eventually the Mideast oil started flowing again, and the Danes themselves began enjoying the benefits of the petroleum and natural gas in their slice of the North Sea. It was enough to make them more than self-sufficient. But unlike most other countries, Denmark never forgot the lessons of l973, and kept driving for greater energy efficiency and a more diversified energy supply. The Danish parliament raised taxes on energy to encourage conservation and established subsidies and standards to support more efficient buildings. “It all started out without any regard for the climate or the environment,” says Svend Auken, the former head of Denmark’s opposition Social Democrat Party and the architect of the country’s environmental policies in the 1990s. “But today there’s a consensus that we need to build renewable power.”To the rest of the world, Denmark has the power of its example, showing that you can stay rich and grow green at the same time. “Denmark has proven that acting on climate can be a positive experience, not just painful,” says NRDC’s Schmidt. The real pain could come from failing to follow in their footsteps.21.Which of the following is NOT cited as a main reason for Denmark’s world leadership inwind power?A.Technology.B.Wind.ernment drive.D.Geographical location.22.The author has detailed some of the efforts of the Danish Government in promoting the windindustry in order to show _________.A.the government’s determinationB.the country’s subsidy and loan p oliciesC.the importance of export to the countryD.the role of taxation to the economy23.What does the author mean by “Denmark’s example couldn’t be more timely”?A.Denmark’s energy-saving efforts cannot be followed by other countries.B.Denmark can manufacture more wind turbines for other countries.C.Denmark’s energy-saving success offers the world a useful model.D.Denmark aims to show the world that it can develop even faster.24.According to the passage, Denmark’s energy-saving policies originated from _________.A.the country’s long tradition of environmental awarenessB.the country’s previous experience of oil shortageC.the country’s grave shortage of natural resourcesD.the country’s abundant wind resources25.Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?A.Not to save energy could lead to serious consequences.B.Energy saving cannot go together with economic growth.C.Energy saving efforts can be painful but positive.D.Denmark is a powerful leader in the global wind market.TEXT DThe first clue came when I got my hair cut. The stylist offered not just usual coffee or tea but a complementary nail-polish change while I waited for my hair to dry. Maybe she hoped this little amenity would slow the growing inclination of women to stretch each haircut to last four months while nursing our hair back to whatever natural colour we long ago forgot.Then there was the appliance salesman who offered to carry my bags as we toured the microwave aisle. When I called my husband to ask him to check some specs online, the salesman offered a pre-emptive discount, lest the surfing turn up the same model cheaper in another store. That night, for the first time, I saw the Hyundai ad promising shoppers that if they buy a car and then lose their job in the next year, they can return it.Suddenly e verything’s on sale. The upside to the economic downturn is the immense incentive it gives retailers to treat you like a queen for a day. During the flush times, salespeople were surly, waiters snobby. But now the customer rules, just for showing up. There’s more room to stretch out on the flight, even in a coach. The malls have that serene aura of undisturbed wilderness, with scarcely a shopper in sight. Every conversation with anyone selling anything is a pantomime of pain and bluff. Finger the scarf, then start to walk away, and its price floats silkily downward. When the mechanic calls to tell you that brakes and a timing belt and other services will run close to $2,000,it’s time to break out the newly perfected art of the considered pause. You really d on’t even have to say anything pitiful before he’ll offer to knock a few hundred dollars off.Restaurants are also caught in a fit of ardent hospitality, especially around Wall Street. Trinity Place offers $3 drinks at happy hour any day the market goes d own, with the slogan “Market tanked? Get tanked!” —which ensures a lively crowd for the closing bell. The “21” Club has decided that men no longer need to wear ties, so long as they bring their wallets. Food itself is friendlier: you notice more comfort food, a truce between chef and patron that is easier to enjoynow that you can get a table practically anywhere. New York Times restaurant critic Frank Bruni characterizes the new restaurant demeanor as “extreme solicitousness tinged with outright desperati on.” “You need to hug the customer,” one owner told him.There’s a chance that eventually we’ll return all this kindness with the extravagant spending that was once decried but now everyone is hoping will restart the economy. But human nature is funny that way. In dangerous times, we clench and squint at the deal that looks too good to miss, suspecting that it must be too good to be true. Is the store with the supercheap flat screens going to go bust and thus not be there to honor the “free” extended warran ty? Is there something wrong with that free cheese? Store owners will tell you horror stories about shoppers with attitude, who walk in demanding discounts and flaunt their new power at every turn. They wince as they sense bad habits forming: Will people expect discounts forever? Will their hard-won brand luster be forever cheapened, especially for items whose allure depends on their being ridiculously priced?There will surely come a day when things go back to “normal”; retail sales even inched up in January after sinking for the six months. But I wonder what it will take for us to see those $545 Sigerson Morrison studded toe-ring sandals as reasonable? Bargain-hunting can be addictive regardless of the state of the markets, and haggling is a low-risk, high-value contact sport. Trauma digs deep into habits, like my 85-year-old mother still calling her canned-goods cabinet “the bomb shelter.” The children of the First Depression were saving string and preaching sacrifice long after the skies cleared. They cam e to be called the “greatest generation.” As we learn to be decent stewards of our resources, who knows what might come of it? We have lived in an age of wanton waste, and there is value in practicing conservation that goes far beyond our own bottom line.26.According to the passage, what does “the first clue” suggest?A.Shops try all kinds of means to please customers.B.Shops, large or small, are offering big discounts.C.Women tend to have their hair cut less frequently.D.Customers refrain from buying things impulsively.27.Which of the following best depicts the retailers now?A.Bad-tempered.B.Highly motivated.C.Over-friendly.D.Deeply frustrated.28.What does the author mean by “the newly perfected art of the considered pause”?A.Customers now rush to buy things on sale.B.Customers have got a sense of superiority.C.Customers have learned how to bargain.D.Customers have higher demands for service.29.According to the passage, “shoppers...flaunt their new power at every turn” means thatshoppers would _________.A.keep asking for more discountsB.like to show that they are powerfulC.like to show off their wealthD.have more doubts or suspicion30.What is the author’s main message in the last two paragraphs?A.Extravagant spending would boost economic growth.B.One’s life experience would turn into lifelong habits.C.Customers should expect discounts for luxury goods.D.The practice of frugality is of great importance.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on your answer sheet.31.The full official name of Australia is _________.A.The Republic of Australia.B.The Commonwealth of Australia.C.The Federation of Australia.D.The Union of Australia.32.Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPT _________.A.its mineral resourcesB.its forest resourcesC.its fertile and arable landD.its heavy industries33.In the United States community colleges offer _________.A.two-year programmesB.four-year programmesC.postgraduate studiesD. B.A. or B.S. degrees34.In _________, referenda in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottish parliament and a Walesassembly.A.2000B.1946C.1997D.199035.Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration?A. A weak seal.B.Safe and sound.C.Knock and kick.D.Coat and boat.36.Who wrote Mrs. Warren’s Profession?A.John GalsworthyB.William Butler YeatsC.T.S. EliotD.George Bernard Shaw37.Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n) _________.A.novelB.short storyC.poem。
2013年7月N1真题(1-49题)共10页 (1)
32 私は映画監督になる夢をかなえるために、一生懸命映像の勉強をしている。絶対に、
（
）終わらせない。
１ 夢に夢を
２ 夢なら夢と
３ 夢が夢なら
４ 夢を夢で
33 （会社で）
た なか
なかむら
田中「ねえ、中村くん、もう遅いし、今日はここまでにしようよ。」
なかむら
中村「そうだね。じゃあ、残りはあした（
）。」
た なか
49 この文章で筆者が言いたいことは何か。 １ 絶望を希望に変える方法を模索しなければならない。 ２ 絶望していては希望にたどり着くことはできない。 ３ 絶望に立ち向かってゆけばその先に希望がある。 ４ 絶望から目をそらすと希望が見えてくる。
Ａ 現代の若者向けのファッションは、かつての一流デザイナー主導とは異なり、消費者自
２ まとめて
３ あらためて
４ 事前に
16 抜群だった １ ほかと比べて特に下がった ３ ほかと比べて特に上がった
２ ほかと比べて特に悪かった ４ ほかと比べて特に良かった
17 バックアップ １ 影響
２ 支援
３ 依頼
４ 指示
18 仰天だった １ とても驚いた ３ 深く感動した
２ とても喜んだ ４ 深く同情した
対する指針をもたなければ、激しく変化する社会のなかで自分を見失ってしまう。歴史学 は、この時代の変化を長い時間のなかにおいて見据え、社会の進む方向を教えてくれる学 問である。けっして、過ぎ去った過去を記憶したり、なぞったりする学問ではない。ゆる やかに流れる時代にあっても激動する時代にあっても、歴史学は私たちの行く手を照らす 一条の光なのだと思う。
２ どうやら
３ おそらく
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iTEST 大学外语测试与训练系统3.0
iTEST 3.0 自2015年9月份上线以来，已成功支持几十所高校十万余人次完成在线测试。 支持2015届“Uchallenge全国大学生英语阅读能力测试”，三万多大学新生基于 iTEST 3.0 公网版完成在线阅读能力测试，并获取个性化阅读能力诊断报告。 支持“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛、全国英语写作大赛30多个省的复赛和全国总决赛。
在中国外语测评专家顾问团队的指导下，外研在线建立了专业的命题团队、规范的命题流程、高效的命题 平台，并与国内外研究机构合作，研究测评标准，分析反馈数据，优化试题资源。命题团队除参与出题外，外 研社将为命题人提供命题、测试研究等相关培训，并提供测试研究数据以及专家咨询支持以确保试题质量，助 力教师科研。
局域网模式 支持5000人同时在线考试
支持不同 使用模式
iTEST 3.0
支持全
题型、全语种
支持不同使用需求
浏览器端（B/S） 适用于班级测验、练习 试卷资源提前加载，提供安全保障
客户端（C/S） 适用于高利害、全校性考试 本地、服务器答题数据双重存储 屏蔽所有操作键，防止作弊 不受浏览器性能影响，稳定可靠
考前
试题管理系统 智能组卷系统 自建题库系统 考试管理系统
考中
机考系统 在线答题系统 监考系统 考试管理系统
后台管理系统 账号管理、班级管理 系统管理、升级管理 考试管理、数据管理
考后
阅卷管理系统 试卷分析系统 成绩分析系统 考试管理系统
适用 对象
高校外语院系、图书馆，培训机构等
01
为什么选择iTEST 3.0?
日语专业八级
日语专业八级介绍日语专业八级考试日语专业八级考试是面向有志于从事日语相关文化事业、外交、商贸、科研等日语专业人士的国家职业资格认定考试，旨在测试考生的语言综合应用能力，包括听、说、读、写和翻译等方面。
一、考试科目日语专业八级考试主要分为两部分，即笔试和口试。
笔试主要包括听力、阅读和翻译三个部分，口试主要包括口语和面试两个部分。
1. 听力听力测试主要测试考生对日语的听力理解能力。
听取对话、新闻、讲座等不同场景下的日语语音材料，要求考生根据所听内容，选择正确的答案或填写正确的信息。
听力测试时应注意耳根的训练和听力技能的提高，学会根据主旨和细节理解听力材料。
2. 阅读阅读测试主要测试考生对日语的阅读理解能力。
阅读包括文章、新闻报道、广告等多种类型的材料，测试内容涉及日语词汇、语法、常用表达方式等，考生需要根据所给的问题选择正确答案或填写相关信息，测试时应注意阅读速度的掌握和基本知识的掌握。
3. 翻译翻译测试以听力和阅读材料为基础，对考生的写作和翻译能力进行评估。
翻译内容多为中文翻译成日文或日文翻译成中文，翻译难度逐步加大，应注意用词、语法、语流等问题，表达准确、简洁、通顺的翻译作品是获得高分的关键。
4. 口语口语测试主要测试考生的口头表达能力。
口试主要分为两个部分，即个人演讲和对话。
个人演讲是主题演讲，要求考生在规定的时间内做一个主题演讲，对话则要求考生与考官进行口语对话。
考生应注意语音、语调、措辞等问题，做到语言流畅、表达清晰。
5. 面试面试测试主要测试考生的语言知识和学习背景。
考官会对考生进行面谈，询问考生的个人情况、学习背景、日语学习情况等，测试过程中应注意自我介绍、礼貌待人、热情沟通，使考官对自己的了解更加深入全面。
二、考试难点1. 语言自然性日语专业八级考试不仅要求考生掌握良好的日语基本语言知识，还要求考生表达自如自然，具有日语特色的语言表达能力。
考生应注意模仿日语母语人士的语音、语调、语流等问题，注重语素和语法的运用，理解日语思维方式和惯用语表达方法，使语言自然准确。
日语专业八级考试中古典语法部分的考查
日语专业八级考试中古典语法部分的考查作者：彭仁煌来源：《考试周刊》2013年第59期摘要：日语专业八级考试由教育部高等院校外语专业教学指导委员会日语组负责命题和实施，以日语专业高年级学生为考试对象，是测定学生日语水平的最高级别考试，侧重考查学生日语水平是否达到大纲要求。
在国内，这项考试越来越受到学生的重视。
本文对考试中的古典语法部分作探讨和总结。
关键词：日语专业八级考试古典语法全国日语专业八级考试从2002年开始实施，每年3月举行考试。
它是由教育部高等院校外语专业教学指导委员会日语组负责命题和实施，截至2013年已实施了11届。
根据《日语专业八级考试大纲》（2005年修订版）的规定，日语专业八级考试是针对日语专业高年级阶段（大三、大四）教学而设立的，目的在于全面检查日语专业四年级的学生在完成四年专业学习之际，其水平是否达到教学大纲所规定的各项要求；考核学生是否达到了考试大纲规定的八级水平所要求的综合语言技能和交际能力。
考试内容包括：听力、文字、词汇、语法、文学与文化、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作，总计92道题目，150分。
日语专业八级考试的实施，在检验教学质量，考核学生的语言技能和交际能力，促进教学工作的改革和检查任课教师执行教学大纲的情况等方面起到了重要的作用。
下面笔者就考试中的古典语法部分作探讨。
一、考试大纲（2005修订版年）中的古典文法部分《日语专业八级考试大纲》（2005年修订版）中规定语法部分的考试内容为：“现代口语使用语法、敬语﹑古典语三个部分的试题合并成一个大题，总共20题，每题1分”。
其中古典语法试题共有5题（第46题～50题），占5分。
这里需要说明的是，日语专业八级考试中古典文法的试题从2002年至2004年每年都是8道题，新考试大纲发布后，从2005年至2013年古典语法的考试题目变成了每年5道，古典语法试题在八级考试的语法中所占分值下降。
二、日语专业八级考试中古典语法出题形式从历年真题来看，日语专业八级考试古典语法部分主要有三种出题形式。
日语专业八级考试中古典语法部分的考查
彭 仁 煌
（ 吉 首 大 学 外 国语 学 院 ， 湖南 张家界
摘 要 ：日语 专 业 八 级 考 试 由教 育 部 高等 院校 外 语 专业 业 高年 级 学 生 为 考试 对 象 ， 是 测 定 学 生 日语 水 平 的 最 高级 别 考试 ， 侧 重 考 查 学 生 日语 水 平是 否达 到 大 纲要 求 。 在 国内， 这 项 考 试 越 来 越 受到 学 生 的 重视 。 本 文 对 考 试 中 的 古典 语 法 部 分 作 探 讨 和
Ａ． 花 呋 ０ 、 Ｂ． 花 呋 加 、
（ ２ ０ ０ ９ 年４ ６ 题） ｒ 死 如 蕖 屯何 ｃ ： 加ｃ 耋 世 。 Ｊ 现 代 捂 ｃ （ ） 南为。 其 中。 第 一种 出题 形 式 为２ ０ ０ ５ 年 新 考 试 大 纲发 布 前 的 主要 出题形 式 。 后 两 种形 式 为 新 考试 大 纲发 布 后 的 主要 出题形 式 。 三、 日语 专 业八 级 考 试 中古 典 语 法 出题 方 向 从２ ０ ０ ２ 年至２ ０ ０ ９ 年 的真 题 中可 以看 出 ，古 典 文 法 考试 前 期 主要 考 查 的是 助 动 词 的 用法 。 近几 年 古 典 文 法 的 出题 倾 向 于 考查对动词 、 形 容词 、 副 词 和连 词 与 系 助词 的理 解 。 仔 细 分 析 历 年真题 。 可 以发 展 Ｆ ｔ 语 专 业 八 级考 试 中古 典 文 法部 分 考 查 最 多 的是 助 动 词 推量 表 达 方 式 的用 法 ， 共 出现 过 ８ 次； 其 次 为 助 动词 的否 定 表 达方 式 ， 出现 过 ７ 次， 完成 和 过 去 表 达方 式 出现 过６ 次。 历 年 考 题 中 出现 过 的 助 动词 、 动词 、 名 词 的用 法 如下 ： １ ． 推 量表现 ： 花 联 ＜岛 （ ２ ０ ０ ２ ） ； 夜更 ＜岛 （ ２ ０ ０ ３ ） ； 散
2013年12月日本语能力考试N1真题与答案
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2013年12月N2真题
12013 年 12 月日语 N2 真题問題１＿＿＿の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
１そのホテルは古いですが、部屋はとても清潔でしたよ。
１せっきつ２せいきつ３せっけつ４せいけつ２それは隠す必要がないですよ。
１かくす２もどす３わたす４さがす３山田さんはいつも姿勢がいいですね。
１しぜい２しっぜい３しせい４しっせい４もっと丁寧に積んでください。
１たたんで２あんで３むすんで４つんで５犯人は 10 年以上も逃亡生活を送っていた。
１とうぼう２とぼう３とうそう４とそう問題２＿＿＿の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
６あのころはまだ、将来のことをしんけんに考えていなかった。
１真険２真剣３信険４信剣７今後もサービス向上につとめて生きたいと思っています。
１志めて２勧めて３勤めて４努めて８バザーの売り上げは全額きふしました。
１寄符２貴付３寄付４貴符９そのうわさについて本人に尋ねたら、そくざに否定された。
１即座に２速座に３即差に４速差に10 そんなにせめたらかわいそうだよ。
2１疑めたら２怒めたら３憎めたら４責めたら問題３（）に入れるのに最もよいものを、１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
11 書類に記入ミスがあったので、直してから（）提出するように言われた。
１改２次３再４復12 3 時 10 分東京駅（）の新幹線に乗る予定です。
１始２発３出４離13 歌謡曲からクラシックまで、音楽（）に興味があります。
１共同２全面３共通４全般14 会長候補の中では北川氏が（）有力だと言われている。
１特２最３頂４極15 宿題を夏休み（）に出さなければならない。
１明け２閉め３分け４止め問題４（）に入れるのに最もよいものを、１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
16 オリンピックの開会式の様子が、会場から世界中に（）された。
１普及２接続３分配４中継17 彼は最近かなりの収入があったらしく、（）生活をするようになった。
日语专业八级考试中古典语法部分考查
日语专业八级考试中古典语法部分的考查摘要：日语专业八级考试由教育部高等院校外语专业教学指导委员会日语组负责命题和实施，以日语专业高年级学生为考试对象，是测定学生日语水平的最高级别考试，侧重考查学生日语水平是否达到大纲要求。
在国内，这项考试越来越受到学生的重视。
本文对考试中的古典语法部分作探讨和总结。
关键词：日语专业八级考试古典语法全国日语专业八级考试从2002年开始实施，每年3月举行考试。
它是由教育部高等院校外语专业教学指导委员会日语组负责命题和实施，截至2013年已实施了11届。
根据《日语专业八级考试大纲》（2005年修订版）的规定，日语专业八级考试是针对日语专业高年级阶段（大三、大四）教学而设立的，目的在于全面检查日语专业四年级的学生在完成四年专业学习之际，其水平是否达到教学大纲所规定的各项要求；考核学生是否达到了考试大纲规定的八级水平所要求的综合语言技能和交际能力。
考试内容包括：听力、文字、词汇、语法、文学与文化、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作，总计92道题目，150分。
日语专业八级考试的实施，在检验教学质量，考核学生的语言技能和交际能力，促进教学工作的改革和检查任课教师执行教学大纲的情况等方面起到了重要的作用。
下面笔者就考试中的古典语法部分作探讨。
一、考试大纲（2005修订版年）中的古典文法部分《日语专业八级考试大纲》（2005年修订版）中规定语法部分的考试内容为：“现代口语使用语法、敬语﹑古典语三个部分的试题合并成一个大题，总共20题，每题1分”。
其中古典语法试题共有5题（第46题～50题），占5分。
这里需要说明的是，日语专业八级考试中古典文法的试题从2002年至2004年每年都是8道题，新考试大纲发布后，从2005年至2013年古典语法的考试题目变成了每年5道，古典语法试题在八级考试的语法中所占分值下降。
二、日语专业八级考试中古典语法出题形式从历年真题来看，日语专业八级考试古典语法部分主要有三种出题形式。
专业八级-155
专业八级-155(总分：100.05，做题时间：90分钟) 一、LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Controlling Your ConcentrationⅠ. The concerned information of concentrationA. Your attention span 1e.g. the ticking of a watch soundsas if it increases and fadesalthough the intensity of it is constantB. You pay attention to one thing at a time—a(n) 2 : you attend to several concepts at a time—In high concentration: the shift from focus of attention isa) of short 3b) 4C. 5 of your attention vary to different degrees—high level: long periods of attending; short distraction periods —low level: short periods of attending; long distraction periods —moderate level: 6e.g. One can"t concentrate because 7 are too strongⅡ. Two sorts of distractorsA. Psychological distractors— 8 are the most powerful distractorsa) angry man forgets the painb) fearful man is hard to be happyc) anxious man is uneasy about the smallest of matters—people act 9 under pressureB. 10—traits: always present and rarely understood—physical distractors on mental tasksa) background music could affectcomprehension and 11b) distractors affect the ability to recall accuratelyc) 12 affects mental task adverselyⅢ. Routine and 13 are affected differently by distractorsA. Distraction may not affect (14) in some backgroundsB. Exceptional people do well under 14 because—motivation plays importantly—differences exist in individual spans of attentionControlling Your ConcentrationⅠ. The concerned information o f concentrationA. Your attention span 1e.g. the ticking of a watch soundsas if it increases and fadesalthough the intensity of it is constantB. You pay attention to one thing at a time—a(n) 2 : you attend to several concepts at a time—In high concentration: the shift from focus of attention isa) of short 3b) 4C. 5 of your attention vary to different degrees—high level: long periods of attending; short distraction periods—low level: short periods of attending; long distraction periods—moderate level: 6e.g. One can"t concentrate because 7 are too strongⅡ. Two sorts of distractorsA. Psychological distractors— 8 are the most powerful distractorsa) angry man forgets the painb) fearful man is hard to be happyc) anxious man is uneasy about the smallest of matters—people act 9 under pressureB. 10—traits: always present and rarely understood—physical distractors on mental tasksa) background music could affectcomprehension and 11b) distractors affect the ability to recall accuratelyc) 12 affects mental task adverselyⅢ. Routine and 13 are affected differently by distractorsA. Distraction may not affect (14) in some backgroundsB. Exceptional people do well under 14 because—motivation plays importantly—differences exist in individual spans of attention（分数：30.00）解析：vanes//fluctuates [原力原文]Controlling Your ConcentrationGood morning, everyone. Today our topic is on how to control your concentration. First of all, we have to look at definition of concentration. Psychologically defined, concentration is the process of centering one"s attention over a period of time. In practical application, however, concentration is not as simple to deal successfully with as the definition may imply. For this reason, it is helpful to keep the following points in mind.The first point, your attention span varies. Even with the greatest effort, our span of attention fluctuates. You can demonstrate for yourself this fluctuation of attention. In a quiet room, place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard. Listen carefully and notice how the ticking increases in apparent intensity, fades to a point where it cannot be heard, and then increases again. This phenomenon reveals how our span of attention fluctuates, for the intensity of the ticking is actually constant.Secondly, you pay attention to one thing at a time. Evidence to date indicates that you attend to one idea at a time. It is possible for your attention to shift so rapidly that it seems that you attend to several concepts at once. But apparently this is only an illusion. In high concentration the shift from the focus of attention is of short duration and relatively infrequent. Thirdly, we will talk about levels of high, moderate, and low attention. High-level attention has long periods of attending and short distraction periods. In low-level attention the periodsof attending are short and the distraction periods long. In moderate-level attention, there is a mixture of the extremes. Thus it is easy to see that it is highly unlikely that the student who has most of his attention centered on fancying at large will be able to recall even the major points of a lecture. Lack of concentration is a symptom, not a cause, of difficulty. When a student says "I can"t concentrate", what he is really saying is, " I can"t attend to the task at hand because my distractors are too strong."Fourthly, we come to the two sorts of distractors—psychological and physical. A distractor is anything which causes attention to vary from a central focal point. In the study situation distractors may be thought of as either psychological or physical in nature. Both types of distractors must be understood before the student can attempt to remedy his lack of concentration. It has been proven by scientists that emotions are the most powerful distractors. The angry man forgets the pain of injury, the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasure and the tense or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters. In the student"s life there are many psychological pressures and tensions which block effective productivity. The fears about making the grade, the doubts of the friendliness of a friend"s behaviour and the pressures of limited finances—these are only a few of the emotional forces which affect the student. Emotional reaction varies greatly from person to person. Some persons gain goal and direction from their tensions and actually do better because of them. Others fall apart under pressure, while a few people do well despite the pressure. Physical distractors are always present and rarely understood. Our environment is much more important to how we feel and react than we often think. Particularly is this true of the effect of physical distractors on mental tasks. One research report has shown that comprehension and retention of reading were decreased when students listened to lively music. However, rate of reading was not affected, so that many students were not aware that. they were affected by the background distractor. Another study found that the ability to recall accurately was affected by distracting conditions. Most of the evidence indicates that noise affects adversely higher mental task output. Still, the effect of distractors is seldom fully appreciated by students.Next, we are going to talk about routine and reasoning tasks are affected differently by distractors. Many routine tasks can be performed with distraction in the background with little or no adverse effect on output. Most students have found this fact to be true from their own experience. They may have had high school homework which was drill or merely copying assignments. It was possible to do such work with the latest recordings or the television set playing in the background. In time such students began to feel certain that they could do all work—routine or problem-solving—in the same manner. The evidence indicates the contrary conclusion.Last but not least, we"ve got to remember that exceptions may mislead you. Typically when students are faced with the evidence on distractors the argument is given that their cousin, friend, or classmate can study in "Grand Central Station." And he makes "all A"s" too! There is evidence, of course, that motivation plays an important role in overcoming the effects of distractors and that there are considerable differences in individual spans of attention. Either of these factors could account for some individuals being able to do well using inefficient methods. The fact that some exceptional people do well under adverse conditions scarcely justifies your assuming that you are exceptional in the same manner. Your chances of success are higher if you avoid the distracters which are known to hinder the typical student.To sum up what we have discussed today. Generally speaking, today we mainly focused on concentrations and we have provided with you six suggestions on how to control your concentration. We hope these suggestions will be helpful.[解析] 整篇讲座的主题是如何控制注意力。