车架有限元分析英文翻译
有限元应用的参考译文
有限元应用参考译文Finite Element AnalysisFinite Element Analysis (FEA), also known as the Finite Element Method (FEM), is probably the most important tool added to the mechanical design engineer's toolkit this century. The development of FEA has been driven by the desire for more accurate design computations in more complex situations, allowing improvements in both the design procedure and products. The growing use of FEA has been made possible by the creation of computation engines that are capable of handling the immense volume of calculations necessary to prepare and carry out an analysis and easily display the results for interpretation. With the advent of very powerful desktop workstations, FEA is now available at a practical cost to virtually all engineers and designers.有限元分析(FEA)，也称为有限元法(FEM)，可能是本世纪提供给机械设计工程师使用的最重要的设计工具之一。
基于ANSYS的FSAE赛车车架的有限元分析
基于ANSYS的FSAE赛车车架的有限元分析在FSAE（Formula Society of Automotive Engineers）赛车设计中，车架是整个赛车的重要组成部分，其设计与性能至关重要。
有限元分析是一种常用的方法，用于评估车架的结构强度和刚度，并优化设计以满足性能要求。
在进行FSAE赛车车架的有限元分析之前，首先需要创建车架的几何模型。
可以利用CAD软件进行车架的三维建模，确保车架的尺寸和形状准确无误。
几何模型创建完成后，可以导入ANSYS软件中进行有限元分析。
有限元分析的过程中，需要将车架离散成有限的小单元，如梁单元或壳单元，以便进行模拟。
在确定离散单元后，可以设置车架材料的力学性能，如弹性模量、材料屈服强度等。
这些参数对于后续的分析结果非常重要。
有限元分析中，常用的载荷包括静载荷和动载荷。
静载荷是指车架受到的稳定力量，如重力和离心力。
动载荷是指车架在运动过程中所受到的力量，如加速度、转弯力等。
通过分析这些载荷，可以评估车架在不同工况下的应力和位移。
在有限元分析中，有几个常用的分析方法。
首先是静力学分析，用于评估车架在静定力平衡下的应力和变形。
可以通过分析车架的应力云图，了解在不同载荷下车架的应力集中区域。
其次是模态分析，用于评估车架在振动中的固有频率和模态形态。
这对于避免共振和优化车架的动态性能非常重要。
最后是疲劳分析，用于评估车架在长时间运行下的疲劳寿命和耐久性。
这对于确保车架在极端运行条件下的安全性非常重要。
通过有限元分析，可以得到车架的应力、位移、变形等结果。
根据这些结果，可以对车架进行优化设计，以提高其结构强度和刚度。
优化设计的方法包括增加材料的厚度和强度，改变车架的结构形式等。
此外，还可以通过有限元分析，评估不同配置和材料对车架性能的影响，以选择最佳的设计方案。
总之，基于ANSYS的有限元分析是FSAE赛车车架设计的重要工具。
通过分析车架的结构强度和刚度，可以优化设计，提高赛车的性能。
有限元分析中英文对照资料知识讲解
有限元分析中英文对照资料The finite element analysisFinite element method, the solving area is regarded as made up of many small in the node connected unit (a domain), the model gives the fundamental equation of sharding (sub-domain) approximation solution, due to the unit (a domain) can be divided into various shapes and sizes of different size, so it can well adapt to the complex geometry, complex material properties and complicated boundary conditions Finite element model: is it real system idealized mathematical abstractions. Is composed of some simple shapes of unit, unit connection through the node, and under a certain load.Finite element analysis: is the use of mathematical approximation method for real physical systems (geometry and loading conditions were simulated. And by using simple and interacting elements, namely unit, can use a limited number of unknown variables to approaching infinite unknown quantity of the real system.Linear elastic finite element method is a ideal elastic body as the research object, considering the deformation based on small deformation assumption of. In this kindof problem, the stress and strain of the material is linear relationship, meet the generalized hooke's law; Stress and strain is linear, linear elastic problem boils down to solving linear equations, so only need less computation time. If the efficient method of solving algebraic equations can also help reduce the duration of finite element analysis.Linear elastic finite element generally includes linear elastic statics analysis and linear elastic dynamics analysis from two aspects. The difference between the nonlinear problem and linear elastic problems:1) nonlinear equation is nonlinear, and iteratively solving of general;2) the nonlinear problem can't use superposition principle;3) nonlinear problem is not there is always solution, sometimes even no solution. Finite element to solve the nonlinear problem can be divided into the following three categories:1) material nonlinear problems of stress and strain is nonlinear, but the stress and strain is very small, a linear relationship between strain and displacement at this time, this kind of problem belongs to the material nonlinear problems. Due to theoretically also cannot provide the constitutive relation can be accepted, so, general nonlinear relations between stress and strain of the material based on the test data, sometimes, to simulate the nonlinear material properties available mathematical model though these models always have their limitations. More important material nonlinear problems in engineering practice are: nonlinear elastic (including piecewise linear elastic, elastic-plastic and viscoplastic, creep, etc.2) geometric nonlinear geometric nonlinear problems are caused due to the nonlinear relationship between displacement. When the object the displacement is larger, the strain and displacement relationship is nonlinear relationship. Research on this kind of problemIs assumes that the material of stress and strain is linear relationship. It consists of a large displacement problem of large strain and large displacement little strain. Such as the structure of the elastic buckling problem belongs to the large displacement little strain, rubber parts forming process for large strain.3) nonlinear boundary problem in the processing, problems such as sealing, the impact of the role of contact and friction can not be ignored, belongs to the highly nonlinear contact boundary. At ordinary times some contact problems, such as gear, stamping forming, rolling, rubber shock absorber, interference fit assembly, etc., when a structure and another structure or external boundary contact usually want to consider nonlinear boundary conditions. The actual nonlinear may appear at the same time these two or three kinds of nonlinear problems.Finite element theoretical basisFinite element method is based on variational principle and the weighted residual method, and the basic solving thought is the computational domain is divided into a finite number of non-overlapping unit, within each cell, select some appropriate nodes as solving the interpolation function, the differential equation of the variables in the rewritten by the variable or its derivative selected interpolation node value and the function of linear expression, with the aid of variational principle or weighted residual method, the discrete solution of differential equation. Using different forms of weight function and interpolation function, constitute different finite element methods. 1. The weighted residual method and the weighted residual method of weighted residual method of weighted residual method: refers to the weighted function is zero using make allowance for approximate solution of the differential equation method is called the weighted residual method. Is a kind of directly from the solution of differential equation and boundary conditions, to seek the approximate solution of boundary value problems of mathematical methods. Weighted residual method is to solve the differential equation of the approximate solution of a kind of effective method. Hybrid method for the trial function selected is the most convenient, but under the condition of the same precision, the workload is the largest. For internal method and the boundary method basis function must be made in advance to meet certain conditions, the analysis of complex structures tend to have certain difficulty, but the trial function is established, the workload is small. No matter what method is used, when set up trial function should be paid attention to are the following:(1) trial function should be composed of a subset of the complete function set. Have been using the trial function has the power series and trigonometric series, spline functions, beisaier, chebyshev, Legendre polynomial, and so on.(2) the trial function should have until than to eliminate surplus weighted integral expression of the highest derivative low first order derivative continuity.(3) the trial function should be special solution with analytical solution of the problem or problems associated with it. If computing problems with symmetry, should make full use of it. Obviously, any independent complete set of functions can be used as weight function. According to the weight function of the different options fordifferent weighted allowance calculation method, mainly include: collocation method, subdomain method, least square method, moment method and galerkin method. The galerkin method has the highest accuracy.Principle of virtual work: balance equations and geometric equations of the equivalent integral form of "weak" virtual work principles include principle of virtual displacement and virtual stress principle, is the floorboard of the principle of virtual displacement and virtual stress theory. They can be considered with some control equation of equivalent integral "weak" form. Principle of virtual work: get form any balanced force system in any state of deformation coordinate condition on the virtual work is equal to zero, namely the system of virtual work force and internal force of the sum of virtual work is equal to zero. The virtual displacement principle is the equilibrium equation and force boundary conditions of the equivalent integral form of "weak"; Virtual stress principle is geometric equation and displacement boundary condition of the equivalent integral form of "weak". Mechanical meaning of the virtual displacement principle: if the force system is balanced, they on the virtual displacement and virtual strain by the sum of the work is zero. On the other hand, if the force system in the virtual displacement (strain) and virtual and is equal to zero for the work, they must balance equation. Virtual displacement principle formulated the system of force balance, therefore, necessary and sufficient conditions. In general, the virtual displacement principle can not only suitable for linear elastic problems, and can be used in the nonlinear elastic and elastic-plastic nonlinear problem.Virtual mechanical meaning of stress principle: if the displacement is coordinated, the virtual stress and virtual boundary constraint counterforce in which they are the sumof the work is zero. On the other hand, if the virtual force system in which they are and is zero for the work, they must be meet the coordination. Virtual stress in principle, therefore, necessary and sufficient condition for the expression of displacement coordination. Virtual stress principle can be applied to different linear elastic and nonlinear elastic mechanics problem. But it must be pointed out that both principle of virtual displacement and virtual stress principle, rely on their geometric equation and equilibrium equation is based on the theory of small deformation, they cannot be directly applied to mechanical problems based on large deformation theory. 3,,,,, the minimum total potential energy method of minimum total potential energy method, the minimum strain energy method of minimum total potential energy method, the potential energy function in the object on the external load will cause deformation, the deformation force during the work done in the form of elastic energy stored in the object, is the strain energy.The convergence of the finite element method, the convergence of the finite element method refers to when the grid gradually encryption, the finite element solution sequence converges to the exact solution; Or when the cell size is fixed, the more freedom degree each unit, the finite element solutions tend to be more precise solution. Convergence condition of the convergence condition of the finite element finite element convergence condition of the convergence condition of the finite element finite element includes the following four aspects: 1) within the unit, the displacement function must be continuous. Polynomial is single-valued continuous function, sochoose polynomial as displacement function, to ensure continuity within the unit. 2) within the unit, the displacement function must include often strain. Total can be broken down into each unit of the state of strain does not depend on different locations within the cell strain and strain is decided by the point location of variables. When the size of the units is enough hours, unit of each point in the strain tend to be equal, unit deformation is uniform, so often strain becomes the main part of the strain. To reflect the state of strain unit, the unit must include the displacement functions often strain. 3) within the unit, the displacement function must include the rigid body displacement. Under normal circumstances, the cell for a bit of deformation displacement and displacement of rigid body displacement including two parts. Deformation displacement is associated with the changes in the object shape and volume, thus producing strain; The rigid body displacement changing the object position, don't change the shape and volume of the object, namely the rigid body displacement is not deformation displacement. Spatial displacement of an object includes three translational and three rotational displacement, a total of six rigid body displacements. Due to a unit involved in the other unit, other units do rigid body displacement deformation occurs will drive unit, thus, to simulate real displacement of a unit, assume that the element displacement function must include the rigid body displacement. 4) the displacement function must be coordinated in public boundary of the adjacent cell. For general unit of coordination is refers to the adjacent cell in public node have the same displacement, but also have the same displacement along the edge of the unit, that is to say, to ensure that the unit does not occur from cracking and invade the overlap each other. To do this requires the function on the common boundary can be determined by the public node function value only. For general unit and coordination to ensure the continuity of the displacement of adjacent cell boundaries. However, between the plate and shell of the adjacent cell, also requires a displacement of the first derivative continuous, only in this way, to guarantee the strain energy of the structure is bounded. On the whole, coordination refers to the public on the border between neighboring units satisfy the continuity conditions. The first three, also called completeness conditions, meet the conditions of complete unit is complete unit; Article 4 is coordination requirements, meet the coordination unit coordination unit; Otherwise known as the coordinating units. Completeness requirement is necessary for convergence, all four meet, constitutes a necessary and sufficient condition for convergence. In practical application, to make the selected displacement functions all meet the requirements of completeness and harmony, it is difficult in some cases can relax the requirement for coordination. It should be pointed out that, sometimes the coordination unit than its corresponding coordination unit, its reason lies in the nature of the approximate solution. Assumed displacement function is equivalent to put the unit under constraint conditions, the unit deformation subject to the constraints, this just some alternative structure compared to the real structure. But the approximate structure due to allow cell separation, overlap, become soft, the stiffness of the unit or formed (such as round degree between continuous plate unit in the unit, and corner is discontinuous, just to pin point) for the coordination unit, the error of these two effects have the possibility of cancellation, so sometimes use thecoordination unit will get very good results. In engineering practice, the coordination of yuan must pass to use "small pieces after test". Average units or nodes average processing method of stress stress average units or nodes average processing method of stress average units or nodes average processing method of stress of the unit average or node average treatment method is the simplest method is to take stress results adjacent cell or surrounding nodes, the average value of stress.1. Take an average of 2 adjacent unit stress. Take around nodes, the average value of stressThe basic steps of finite element method to solve the problemThe structural discretization structure discretization structure discretization structure discretization to discretization of the whole structure, will be divided into several units, through the node connected to each other between the units; 2. The stiffness matrix of each unit and each element stiffness matrix and the element stiffness matrix and the stiffness matrix of each unit (3) integrated global stiffness matrix integrated total stiffness matrix integrated overall stiffness matrix integrated total stiffness matrix and write out the general balance equations and write out the general balance equations and write out the general balance equations and write a general equation 4. Introduction of supporting conditions, the displacement of each node 5. Calculate the stress and strain in the unit to get the stress and strain of each cell and the cell of the stress and strain and the stress and strain of each cell.For the finite element method, the basic ideas and steps can be summarized as: (1) to establish integral equation, according to the principle of variational allowance and the weight function or equation principle of orthogonalization, establishment and integral expression of differential equations is equivalent to the initial-boundary value problem, this is the starting point of the finite element method. Unit (2) the area subdivision, according to the solution of the shape of the area and the physical characteristics of practical problems, cut area is divided into a number of mutual connection, overlap of unit. Regional unit is divided into finite element method of the preparation, this part of the workload is bigger, in addition to the cell and node number and determine the relationship between each other, also said the node coordinates, at the same time also need to list the natural boundary and essential boundary node number and the corresponding boundary value. (3) determine the unit basis function, according to the unit and the approximate solution of node number in precision requirement, choose meet certain interpolation condition basis function interpolation function as a unit. Basis function in the finite element method is selected in the unit, due to the geometry of each unit has a rule in the selection of basis function can follow certain rules. (4) the unit will be analysis: to solve the function of each unit with unit basis functions to approximate the linear combination of expression; Then approximate function generation into the integral equation, and the unit area integral, can be obtained with undetermined coefficient (i.e., cell parameter value) of each node in the algebraic equations, known as the finite element equation.(5) the overall synthesis: after the finite element equation, the area of all elements inthe finite element equation according to certain principles of accumulation, the formation of general finite element equations. (6) boundary condition processing: general boundary conditions there are three kinds of form, divided into the essential boundary conditions (dirichlet boundary condition) and natural boundary conditions (Riemann boundary conditions) and mixed boundary conditions (cauchy boundary conditions). Often in the integral expression for natural boundary conditions, can be automatically satisfied. For essential boundary conditions and mixed boundary conditions, should be in a certain method to modify general finite element equations satisfies. Solving finite element equations (7) : based on the general finite element equations of boundary conditions are fixed, are all closed equations of the unknown quantity, and adopt appropriate numerical calculation method, the function value of each node can be obtained.有限元分析有限元法求解区域是由许多小的节点连接单元（域），该模型给出了切分的基本方程（子域名）的近似解，由于单位（域）可以分为不同的形状和大小不同的尺寸，所以它能很好的适应复杂的几何形状、材料特性和边界条件复杂，复杂有限元模型：它是真实系统的理想化的数学抽象。
机械专业术语英文翻译
陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 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changes有色金属 nonferrous metal陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 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后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单location地点present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表 notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传 rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕疵shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车 mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load凹面、凹度 concavity扳手 wrench板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel包角 angle of contact保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement背锥 back cone ； normal cone背锥角 back angle背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale比热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm变频器 frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear change wheel变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear表面质量系数 superficial mass factor表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 combination in parallel并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism 并行工程 concurrent engineering并行设计 concurred design, CD不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance不平衡 imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing波发生器 wave generator波数 number of waves补偿 compensation参数化设计 parameterization design, PD残余应力 residual stress操纵及控制装置 operation control device槽轮 Geneva wheel槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross 槽数 Geneva numerate槽凸轮 groove cam侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism 差速器 differential常用机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床 lathe承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能力 bearing capacity成对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根高 dedendum齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve齿轮 gear齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio齿条 rack齿条插刀 rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio冲床 punch传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft串联式组合 combination in series串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism 串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation creation创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread大齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake单列轴承 single row bearing单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节 single universal joint单位矢量 unit vector当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth 当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load刀具 cutter导数 derivative倒角 chamfer导热性 conduction of heat导程 lead导程角 lead angle等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force等效力矩 equivalent moment of force等效量 equivalent等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket垫片密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes 动力学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine动态特性 dynamic characteristics动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design动压力 dynamic reaction动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane端面参数 transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio端面模数 transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle锻造 forge对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower 对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism多列轴承 multi-row bearing多楔带 poly V-belt多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转子 rotor with several masses惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life额定载荷 load ratingII 级杆组 dyad发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module法面压力角 normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm法向力 normal force反馈式组合 feedback combining反向运动学 inverse ( or backward) kinematics 反转法 kinematic inversion反正切 Arctan范成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel飞轮矩 moment of flywheel非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear非接触式密封 non-contact seal非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder分母 denominator分子 numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法 analytical method封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合铰链 compound hinge复合式组合 compound combining复合轮系 compound (or combined) gear train复合平带 compound flat belt复合应力 combined stress复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism复杂机构 complex mechanism杆组 Assur group干涉 interference刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism 刚性冲击 rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器 rigid coupling高度系列 height series高速带 high speed belt高副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter高度系列 height series功 work工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构 operation mechanism工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment公法线 common normal line公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam构件 link鼓风机 blower固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant关节型操作器 jointed manipulator惯性力 inertia force惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia冠轮 crown gear广义机构 generation mechanism广义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹生成 path generation轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob滚道 raceway滚动体 rolling element滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing滚子 roller滚子轴承 roller bearing滚子半径 radius of roller滚子从动件 roller follower滚子链 roller chain滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch过度切割 undercutting函数发生器 function generator函数生成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor 赫兹公式 H. Hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment 合力 resultant force合力矩 resultant moment of force 黑箱 black box横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears 花键 spline滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber 灰铸铁 grey cast iron回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors混合轮系 compound gear train积分 integrate机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design机构 mechanism机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构组成 constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine机器人 robot机器人操作器 manipulator机器人学 robotics技术过程 technique process技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation技术系统 technique system机械 machinery机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动力学 dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计 modern machine design机械系统 mechanical system机械利益 mechanical advantage机械平衡 balance of machinery机械手 manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation 机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构 fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命 basic rating life基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD基圆 base circle基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder基圆锥 base cone急回机构 quick-return mechanism急回特性 quick-return characteristics急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio急回运动 quick-return motion棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘爪 pawl极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角 crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions 计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩 factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩 calculated bending moment加权系数 weighting efficient加速度 acceleration加速度分析 acceleration analysis加速度曲线 acceleration diagram尖点 pointing; cusp尖底从动件 knife-edge follower间隙 backlash间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism 减速比 reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer减摩性 anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发生线 generating line of involute 渐开线方程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute渐开线花键 involute spline简谐运动 simple harmonic motion键 key键槽 keyway交变应力 repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动 cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears胶合 scoring角加速度 angular acceleration角速度 angular velocity角速比 angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽 hinge校正平面 correcting plane接触应力 contact stress接触式密封 contact seal阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft结构 structure结构设计 structural design截面 section节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥角 pitch cone angle解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating 径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing径向平面 radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor径向间隙 clearance静力 static force静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load静密封 static seal局部自由度 passive degree of freedom矩阵 matrix矩形螺纹 square threaded form锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity均衡装置 load balancing mechanism抗压强度 compression strength开口传动 open-belt drive开式链 open kinematic chain开链机构 open chain mechanism可靠度 degree of reliability可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, RD空气弹簧 air spring空间机构 spatial mechanism空间连杆机构 spatial linkage空间凸轮机构 spatial cam空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain空转 idle宽度系列 width series框图 block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力 centrifugal force离心应力 centrifugal stress离合器 clutch离心密封 centrifugal seal理论廓线 pitch curve理论啮合线 theoretical line of action隶属度 membership力 force力多边形 force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism 力矩 moment力平衡 equilibrium力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple连杆 connecting rod, coupler连杆机构 linkage连杆曲线 coupler-curve连心线 line of centers链 chain链传动装置 chain gearing链轮 sprocket sprocket-wheel sprocket gear chain wheel 联组 V 带 tight-up V belt联轴器 coupling shaft coupling两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam临界转速 critical speed六杆机构 six-bar linkage龙门刨床 double Haas planer轮坯 blank轮系 gear train螺杆 screw螺距 thread pitch螺母 screw nut螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear螺钉 screws螺栓 bolts。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业课程中英文翻译
机械设计制造及其自动化军训及军事理论Military Training and Military Theory计算机实用基础2 Introduction to Computer Application大学英语College English体育Physical Education工科数学分析2 Advanced Mathematics代数与几何 2 Linear Algebra Advanced Algebra and Geometry思想道德修养与法律基础Ideological and Moral Cultivation and Law Basics大学英语College English体育大学物理2 College Physics工科数学分析2C语言程序设计 C Language中国近现代史纲要Modern History of China法语二外（上）The Second Foreign Language French工业造型设计Modeling Design of Industrial Products大学英语College English大学物理2 College Physics大学物理实验1 Experiment in College Physics概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics电工技术1 Electrical Engineering电工与电子技术综合实验1 Experiment for Electrical and Electronic Engineering工程图学（CAD）1 Mechanical Graphing理论力学1 Theoretical Mechanics工程力学实验1 Experiment for Engineering Mechanics毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论Introduction to Mao Zedong Thoughts, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the Important Thought of "Three Represents"文化素质教育系列讲座Cultural quality education lectures体育西方文明简史History of western civilization Introduction to Functional Materials机械原理课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle工程训练（金工实习）engineering training Metal Working Practice大学物理实验1电子技术1 Electronic Engineering电工与电子技术综合实验1机械原理Principle of Mechanics Mechanical Principles工程图学（CAD）1工程力学实验（材力）1材料力学1 Mechanics of Materials马克思主义基本原理Principles of Marxism文化素质教育系列讲座文化素质教育系列讲座体育项目管理Project Management法语二外（下）法语入门1机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design工程训练（电子工艺实习）electronic process practice Practice on Electronic Working Techniques互换性与测量技术基础Basic Technology of Exchangeability Measurement工程流体力学Engineering Fluid Mechanics自动控制原理3 Automatic Control Theory电工学新技术实践The new technology of electronics practice机械设计Mechanical Design工程材料成型技术基础Engineering material molding technology机械工程材料Engineering Materials文化素质教育系列讲座文化素质教育系列讲座创新设计与制作Innovation design and production复变函数与积分变换Complex Function Functions of Complex V ariables & Integral Transformation社会热点问题评价evaluation of social issues知识产权"Intellectual Property Law"认识实习Cognition Practice制造系统自动化技术Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System传热学Heat Transfer文化素质教育系列讲座机电控制系统分析与设计Mechanical-Electrical Control system数控技术Numerical Control Technology机械制造装备设计Machinery manufacturing equipment design液压传动Hydraulic Transmission测试技术与仪器Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design机械制造技术基础foundation of machine manufacturing technology综合课程设计1 Comprehensive Course Exercise生产实习Production Practice Field Practice现代机械设计方法The modern machinery design method机械动态设计Mechanical Dynamic Design机械结构有限元分析Finite Element of Mechanical Structures Finite Element Analysis and Programming Finite Element Analysis for Mechanical Structures机电系统智能化控制技术（双语Mechanical and electrical system intelligent control technology 综合课程设计2机械优化设计Optimum Design of MachineryMechanical Optimum Design毕业设计Graduation Thesis工程测试技术Engineering Testing Technique。
(机械制造行业)机械专业中英文对照翻译大全
（机械制造行业）机械专业中英文对照翻译大全机械专业英语词汇中英文对照翻译一览表陶瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion车架automotive chassis悬架suspension转向器redirector变速器speed changer板料冲压sheet metal parts孔加工spot facing machining车间workshop工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock数学模型mathematical model画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart标准件standard component零件图part drawing装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements刚度rigidity内力internal force位移displacement截面section疲劳极限fatigue limit断裂fracture塑性变形plastic distortion脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion垫圈washer垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear运动简图kinematic sketch齿轮齿条pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank摇杆racker凸轮cams共轭曲线conjugate curve范成法generation method定义域definitional domain值域range导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral曲率curvature偏微分partial differential毛坯rough游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers攻丝tap二阶行列式second order determinant逆矩阵inverse matrix线性方程组linear equations概率probability随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination气体状态方程equation of state of gas动能kinetic energy势能potential energy机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy动量momentum桁架truss轴线axes余子式cofactor逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip-flop脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism机械零件mechanical parts淬火冷却quench淬火hardening回火tempering调质hardening and tempering磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheel后角clearance angle龙门刨削planing主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck加工中心machining center 车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith锻forge压模stamping焊weld拉床broaching machine 拉孔broaching装配assembling铸造found流体动力学fluid dynamics 流体力学fluid mechanics加工machining液压hydraulic pressure切线tangent机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration气压air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性stability介质medium液压驱动泵fluid clutch液压泵hydraulic pump阀门valve失效invalidation强度intensity载荷load应力stress安全系数safty factor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix键spline销pin滚动轴承rolling bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing弹簧spring制动器arrester brake十字结联轴节crosshead联轴器coupling链chain皮带strap精加工finish machining粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing腐蚀rust氧化oxidation磨损wear耐用度durability随机信号random signal离散信号discrete signal超声传感器ultrasonic sensor 集成电路integrate circuit挡板orifice plate残余应力residual stress套筒sleeve扭力torsion冷加工cold machining电动机electromotor汽缸cylinder过盈配合interference fit热加工hotwork摄像头CCD camera倒角rounding chamfer优化设计optimal design工业造型设计industrial moulding design有限元finite element滚齿hobbing插齿gear shaping伺服电机actuating motor铣床milling machine钻床drill machine镗床boring machine步进电机stepper motor丝杠screw rod导轨lead rail组件subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工electric spark machining电火花线切割加工electrical discharge wire - cutting 相图phase diagram热处理heat treatment固态相变solid state phase changes有色金属nonferrous metal陶瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion车架automotive chassis悬架suspension转向器redirector变速器speed changer板料冲压sheet metal parts孔加工spot facing machining车间workshop工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock数学模型mathematical model画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart标准件standard component零件图part drawing装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements刚度rigidity内力internal force位移displacement截面section疲劳极限fatigue limit断裂fracture塑性变形plastic distortion脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion垫圈washer垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear运动简图kinematic sketch齿轮齿条pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank摇杆racker凸轮cams共轭曲线conjugate curve范成法generation method定义域definitional domain值域range导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral曲率curvature偏微分partial differential毛坯rough游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers攻丝tap二阶行列式second order determinant 逆矩阵inverse matrix线性方程组linear equations概率probability随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination气体状态方程equation of state of gas动能kinetic energy势能potential energy机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy 动量momentum桁架truss轴线axes余子式cofactor逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip-flop脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism机械零件mechanical parts淬火冷却quench淬火hardening回火tempering调质hardening and tempering磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheelAssembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单location地点present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕??shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench板簧flat leaf spring半圆键woodruff key变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar摆动从动件oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律cycloidal motion摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact保持架cage背对背安装back-to-back arrangement背锥back cone ；normal cone背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale比热容specific heat capacity闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism臂部arm变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed 变速speed change变速齿轮change gear change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear表面质量系数superficial mass factor表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator波数number of waves补偿compensation参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross 槽数Geneva numerate槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number齿数比gear ratio齿条rack齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points重合度contact ratio冲床punch传动比transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置gearing; transmission gear传动系统driven system传动角transmission angle传动轴transmission shaft串联式组合combination in series串联式组合机构series combined mechanism 串级调速cascade speed control创新innovation creation创新设计creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷normal load唇形橡胶密封lip rubber seal磁流体轴承magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮driven pulley从动件driven link, follower从动件平底宽度width of flat-face从动件停歇follower dwell从动件运动规律follower motion从动轮driven gear粗线bold line粗牙螺纹coarse thread大齿轮gear wheel打包机packer打滑slipping带传动belt driving带轮belt pulley带式制动器band brake单列轴承single row bearing单向推力轴承single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节single universal joint单位矢量unit vector当量齿轮equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷equivalent load刀具cutter导数derivative倒角chamfer导热性conduction of heat导程lead导程角lead angle等加等减速运动规律parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮constant-breadth cam等效构件equivalent link等效力equivalent force等效力矩equivalent moment of force等效量equivalent等效质量equivalent mass等效转动惯量equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型dynamically equivalent model底座chassis低副lower pair点划线chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀pitting垫圈gasket垫片密封gasket seal碟形弹簧belleville spring顶隙bottom clearance定轴轮系ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes 动力学dynamics动密封kinematical seal动能dynamic energy动力粘度dynamic viscosity动力润滑dynamic lubrication动平衡dynamic balance动平衡机dynamic balancing machine动态特性dynamic characteristics动态分析设计dynamic analysis design动压力dynamic reaction动载荷dynamic load端面transverse plane端面参数transverse parameters端面齿距transverse circular pitch端面齿廓transverse tooth profile端面重合度transverse contact ratio端面模数transverse module端面压力角transverse pressure angle锻造forge对称循环应力symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism多列轴承multi-row bearing多楔带poly V-belt多项式运动规律polynomial motion多质量转子rotor with several masses惰轮idle gear额定寿命rating life额定载荷load ratingII 级杆组dyad发生线generating line发生面generating plane法面normal plane法面参数normal parameters法面齿距normal circular pitch法面模数normal module法面压力角normal pressure angle法向齿距normal pitch法向齿廓normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆straight sided normal worm法向力normal force反馈式组合feedback combining反向运动学inverse ( or backward) kinematics 反转法kinematic inversion反正切Arctan范成法generating cutting仿形法form cutting方案设计、概念设计concept design, CD防振装置shockproof device飞轮flywheel飞轮矩moment of flywheel非标准齿轮nonstandard gear非接触式密封non-contact seal非周期性速度波动aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮non-circular gear粉末合金powder metallurgy分度线reference line; standard pitch line分度圆reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角helix angle at reference cylinder分母denominator分子numerator分度圆锥reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法analytical method封闭差动轮系planetary differential复合铰链compound hinge复合式组合compound combining复合轮系compound (or combined) gear train复合平带compound flat belt复合应力combined stress复式螺旋机构Compound screw mechanism 复杂机构complex mechanism杆组Assur group干涉interference刚度系数stiffness coefficient刚轮rigid circular spline钢丝软轴wire soft shaft刚体导引机构body guidance mechanism 刚性冲击rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子rigid rotor刚性轴承rigid bearing刚性联轴器rigid coupling高度系列height series高速带high speed belt高副higher pair格拉晓夫定理Grashoff`s law根切undercutting公称直径nominal diameter高度系列height series功work工况系数application factor工艺设计technological design工作循环图working cycle diagram工作机构operation mechanism工作载荷external loads工作空间working space工作应力working stress工作阻力effective resistance工作阻力矩effective resistance moment 公法线common normal line公共约束general constraint公制齿轮metric gears功率power功能分析设计function analyses design 共轭齿廓conjugate profiles共轭凸轮conjugate cam构件link鼓风机blower固定构件fixed link; frame固体润滑剂solid lubricant关节型操作器jointed manipulator惯性力inertia force惯性力矩moment of inertia ,shaking moment 惯性力平衡balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩resultant moment of inertia惯性主失resultant vector of inertia冠轮crown gear广义机构generation mechanism广义坐标generalized coordinate轨迹生成path generation轨迹发生器path generator滚刀hob滚道raceway滚动体rolling element滚动轴承rolling bearing滚动轴承代号rolling bearing identification code 滚针needle roller滚针轴承needle roller bearing滚子roller滚子轴承roller bearing滚子半径radius of roller滚子从动件roller follower滚子链roller chain滚子链联轴器double roller chain coupling 滚珠丝杆ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器roller clutch过度切割undercutting函数发生器function generator函数生成function generation含油轴承oil bearing耗油量oil consumption耗油量系数oil consumption factor赫兹公式H. Hertz equation合成弯矩resultant bending moment合力resultant force合力矩resultant moment of force黑箱black box横坐标abscissa互换性齿轮interchangeable gears花键spline滑键、导键feather key滑动轴承sliding bearing滑动率sliding ratio滑块slider环面蜗杆toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧annular spring缓冲装置shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁grey cast iron回程return回转体平衡balance of rotors混合轮系compound gear train积分integrate机电一体化系统设计mechanical-electrical integration system design机构mechanism机构分析analysis of mechanism机构平衡balance of mechanism机构学mechanism机构运动设计kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构组成constitution of mechanism机架frame, fixed link机架变换kinematic inversion机器machine机器人robot机器人操作器manipulator机器人学robotics技术过程technique process技术经济评价technical and economic evaluation 技术系统technique system机械machinery机械创新设计mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计dynamic design of machinery机械动力学dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计modern machine design机械系统mechanical system机械利益mechanical advantage机械平衡balance of machinery机械手manipulator机械设计machine design; mechanical design机械特性mechanical behavior机械调速mechanical speed governors机械效率mechanical efficiency机械原理theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数coefficient of speed fluctuation机械无级变速mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命basic rating life基于实例设计case-based design,CBD基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿距base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle基圆柱base cylinder基圆锥base cone急回机构quick-return mechanism急回特性quick-return characteristics急回系数advance-to return-time ratio急回运动quick-return motion棘轮ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism棘爪pawl极限位置extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions 计算机辅助设计computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturingsystem, CIMS计算力矩factored moment; calculation moment 计算弯矩calculated bending moment加权系数weighting efficient加速度acceleration加速度分析acceleration analysis加速度曲线acceleration diagram尖点pointing; cusp尖底从动件knife-edge follower间隙backlash间歇运动机构intermittent motion mechanism 减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer减摩性anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面involute helicoid渐开线involute渐开线齿廓involute profile渐开线齿轮involute gear渐开线发生线generating line of involute渐开线方程involute equation渐开线函数involute function渐开线蜗杆involute worm渐开线压力角pressure angle of involute渐开线花键involute spline简谐运动simple harmonic motion键key键槽keyway交变应力repeated stress交变载荷repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮crossed helical gears胶合scoring角加速度angular acceleration角速度angular velocity角速比angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽hinge校正平面correcting plane接触应力contact stress接触式密封contact seal阶梯轴multi-diameter shaft结构structure结构设计structural design截面section节点pitch point节距circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线pitch line节圆pitch circle节圆齿厚thickness on pitch circle节圆直径pitch diameter节圆锥pitch cone节圆锥角pitch cone angle解析设计analytical design紧边tight-side紧固件fastener径节diametral pitch径向radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承radial contact bearing径向平面radial plane径向游隙radial internal clearance径向载荷radial load径向载荷系数radial load factor径向间隙clearance静力static force静平衡static balance静载荷static load静密封static seal局部自由度passive degree of freedom矩阵matrix矩形螺纹square threaded form锯齿形螺纹buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数absolute dimensional factor绝对运动absolute motion绝对速度absolute velocity均衡装置load balancing mechanism抗压强度compression strength开口传动open-belt drive开式链open kinematic chain开链机构open chain mechanism可靠度degree of reliability可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design, RD空气弹簧air spring空间机构spatial mechanism空间连杆机构spatial linkage空间凸轮机构spatial cam空间运动副spatial kinematic pair 空间运动链spatial kinematic chain 空转idle宽度系列width series框图block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力centrifugal force离心应力centrifugal stress离合器clutch离心密封centrifugal seal理论廓线pitch curve理论啮合线theoretical line of action 隶属度membership力force力多边形force polygon。
机械工程英语词典
机械工程英语词典
机械工程英语词典包含了机械工程领域的相关术语和词汇。
以下是一些常见词汇的示例：
1. Mechanical engineering - 机械工程
2. Engine - 发动机
3. Gear - 齿轮
4. Shaft - 轴
5. Bearing - 轴承
6. Piston - 活塞
7. Valve - 阀门
8. Turbine - 涡轮
9. Heat exchanger - 热交换器
10. Fluid dynamics - 流体力学
11. Thermodynamics - 热力学
12. Robotics - 机器人技术
13. CAD (Computer-Aided Design) - 计算机辅助设计
14. CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) - 计算机辅助制造
15. Finite element analysis - 有限元分析
16. Kinematics - 运动学
17. Dynamics - 动力学
18. Stress analysis - 应力分析
19. Material science - 材料科学
20. Quality control - 质量控制
这只是一小部分机械工程领域常见词汇的示例。
机械工程英语词典可以提供更多具体术语和词汇的解释和翻译。
大学生方程式赛车车架的有限元分析
10.16638/ki.1671-7988.2017.21.054大学生方程式赛车车架的有限元分析刘绍娜，倪骁骅，郑尧刚，提艳（盐城工学院汽车工程学院，江苏盐城264000）摘要：根据大学生方程式赛车大赛规则要求，设计了赛车的桁架式金属车架，并利用Pro/E 软件构建了车架的三维模型。
借助有限元分析软件MIDAS，对赛车车架的强度进行了分析，分析结果表明，该车架满足强度要求，同时为车队后续车架的结构优化提供了依据。
关键词：MIDAS；FSAE；车架；有限元分析中图分类号：TB302.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1671-7988 (2017)21-158-03Finite Element Analysis of Formula SAE Car Frame based on MIDASLiu Shaona, Ni Xiaoye, Zheng Yaogang, Ti Yan( School of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Yancheng 224003 )Abstract: A metal trussed frame is designed according to formula student rules. The 3D model of the frame is built by using Pro/E. And the strength and stiffness of the frame is analyzed by making use of MIDAS, which is a software of finite element analysis. The results show that the strength and stiffness of the frame meets the requirement, and it provides reference for subsequent structure optimization of the frame.Keywords: MIDAS; FSAE; Frame; Finite element analysisCLC NO.: TB302.3 Document Code: A Article ID: 1671-7988 (2017)21-158-03引言中国大学生方程式汽车大赛（以下简称“FSAE”）是由中国汽车工程学会及其合作单位针对中国大学生精心打造的一项全新赛事。
CATIA有限元分析模块
CATIA有限元分析模块CATIA是法国达索公司开发和销售的一款三维设计软件，主要应用于航空、汽车、船舶、机械等工业领域。
CATIA的有限元分析模块是CATIAV5软件中的一个重要组成部分，它可以帮助工程师对产品进行结构、热分析，从而评估产品的性能和安全性。
有限元分析（Finite Element Analysis，简称FEA）是一种工程分析方法，通过将复杂结构分割为许多简单的有限元单元，将物理问题转化为离散的代数方程求解，从而得到结构的应力、变形、热分布等参数。
有限元分析在产品设计、优化和验证过程中起着至关重要的作用。
1.建模与前处理：CATIA可以创建复杂的几何模型，并提供了多种建模工具，如草图、曲线、曲面等。
在建模完成后，可以使用前处理工具对几何模型进行网格划分，生成有限元模型。
2.材料与属性：CATIA提供了广泛的材料库和属性设置功能，使用户可以选择适当的材料属性，并为每个单元指定材料属性。
这些属性主要包括杨氏模量、泊松比、密度等。
3.载荷与边界条件：CATIA允许用户定义各种载荷和边界条件，如力、压力、热源等。
用户可以在几何模型上指定这些载荷和边界条件，以模拟实际工作条件。
4.分析类型：CATIA支持多种分析类型，包括静态分析、动态分析、热分析、模态分析等。
用户可以根据需求选择合适的分析类型，并进行参数设置。
5.求解器：CATIA使用强大的求解器来解决有限元模型的代数方程。
这些求解器可以通过迭代方法求解大型和复杂的方程组，并提供准确的结果。
6.可视化和后处理：CATIA提供了丰富的可视化工具，可以对分析结果进行可视化展示，并为用户提供方便的后处理功能。
用户可以从不同角度观察结果，进行剖面分析，生成报告等。
7.优化与验证：CATIA的有限元分析模块还提供了优化和验证工具，可以对设计进行优化，以提高产品性能和效率，并验证设计是否满足规定的要求。
除了以上主要功能外，CATIA的有限元分析模块还具有易学易用的特点，用户可以通过图形界面进行操作，并提供了详细的帮助文档和教程。
有限元分析软件外文翻译
南京林业大学本科毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译翻译资料名称(外文)Stress analysis of heavy duty truck chassis as apreliminary data for its fatigue life predictionusing FEM翻译资料名称(中文)利用重型载货汽车的有限元应力分析的初步数据预测其疲劳寿命院（系）：汽车与交通工程学院专业：机械制造及其自动化（汽车设计方向）姓名：学号：指导教师：完成日期： 2012/5/31利用重型载货汽车的有限元应力分析的初步数据预测其疲劳寿命Roslan Abd Rahman, Mohd Nasir Tamin, Ojo Kurdi马来西亚工程大学机械工程系81310 UTM, Skudai,Johor Bahru摘要本文对一重型货车底盘做了应力分析。
应力分析能够确定零件的最大受力点，是分析零部件疲劳研究和寿命预测的重要手段。
前人已有用商用有限元软件ABAQUS软件对底盘模型进行分析的。
本次研究的底盘长12.35米，宽2.45米，材料是ASTM低合金钢710（3级），屈服极限552MPa，抗拉强度620MPa。
分析结果显示，最大应力点出现在底盘与螺栓连接的空缺处，最大应力为386.9MPa，底盘的疲劳破坏将会从最大应力点开始向车架各部位蔓延。
关键字：应力分析，疲劳寿命预测，货车底盘1.0简介在马来西亚，很多货车的车架寿命都有20多年，20多年架就会有使用安全的问题。
因此，为了确保底盘在工作期间的安全性能，就有必要对底盘作疲劳研究和寿命预测。
利用有限元法作应力分析能够确定受最大应力的关键点，这个关键点是导致底盘疲劳损伤的因素之一。
应力的大小能够预测底盘的寿命，所以可以根据应力分析的结果精确地预测底盘的寿命，应力分析越精确，底盘寿命预测的越合理。
本文是用商用有限元软件ABAQUS 软件完成底盘应力分析的。
汽车工业（汽车总成及各部件）在马来西亚的工业中占据非常重要的地位。
有限元、力学专业词汇汇总--中英文对照
有限元、力学专业词汇汇总拉力tensile force 正应力normal stress 切应力shear stress静水压力hydrostatic pressure 集中力concentrated force 分布力distributed force 线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress andstrain弹性模量modulus of elasticity 横向力lateral force transverse force轴向力axial force 拉应力tensile stress 压应力compressive stress平衡方程equilibrium equation 静力学方程equations of static比例极限proportional limit 应力应变曲线stress-strain curve 拉伸实验tensile test‘屈服应力yield stress 极限应力ultimate stress 轴shaft 梁beam纯剪切pure shear 横截面积cross-sectional area 挠度曲线deflection curve 曲率半径radius of curvature 曲率半径的倒数reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴longitudinal axis 悬臂梁cantilever beam 简支梁simply supported beam微分方程differential equation 惯性矩moment of inertia 静矩static moment扭矩torque moment 弯矩bending moment弯矩对x的导数 derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x的二阶导数the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x静定梁statically determinate beam 静不定梁statically indeterminate beam相容方程compatibility equation 补充方程complementary equation中性轴neutral axis 圆截面circular cross section两端作用扭矩twisted by couples at two ends 刚体rigid body 扭转角twist angle 静力等效statically equivalent 相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心through the centroid of the cross section 一端铰支pin support at one end 一端固定fixed at one end 弯矩图bending moment diagram剪力图shear force diagram 剪力突变abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移rotation and translation虎克定律hook’s law边界条件boundary condition 初始位置initial position、力矩面积法moment-area method 绕纵轴转动rotate about a longitudinal axis 横坐标abscissa 扭转刚度torsional rigidity 拉伸刚度tensile rigidity剪应力的合力resultant of shear stress 正应力的大小magnitude of normal stress 脆性破坏brittle fail 对称平面symmetry plane 刚体的平衡equilibrium of rigid body 约束力constraint force 重力gravitational force实际作用力actual force 三维力系three-dimentional force system合力矩resultant moment 标量方程scalar equation、矢量方程vector equation 张量方程tensor equation 汇交力系cocurrent system of forces任意一点an arbitrary point 合矢量resultant vector 反作用力reaction force反作用力偶reaction couple 转动约束restriction against rotation平动约束restriction against translation 运动的趋势tendency of motion绕给定轴转动rotate about a specific axis 沿一个方向运动move in a direction控制方程control equation 共线力collinear forces 平面力系planar force system 一束光a beam of light 未知反力unknown reaction forces 参考框架frame of reference大小和方向magnitude and direction 几何约束geometric restriction刚性连接rigidly connected 运动学关系kinematical relations运动的合成superposition of movement 固定点fixed point平动的叠加superposition of translation 刚体的角速度angular speed of a rigid body 质点动力学particle dynamics 运动微分方程differential equation of motion 工程实际问题practical engineering problems 变化率rate of change 动量守恒conservation of linear momentum 定性的描述qualitative description点线dotted line 划线dashed line 实线solid line 矢量积vector product点积dot product 极惯性矩polar moment of inertia 角速度angular velocity角加速度angular acceleration infinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力continuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components 应力偏量分量resonance frequency 谐振频率the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导 a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与……成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态st venant’ principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column细长杆fixed at the lower end下端固定free at the upper end上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱的稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩dynamic loading 动载荷dynamic problem 动力学问题inertia force 惯性力resonance vibration 谐振static states of stress 静态应力dynamic response 动力响应time of contact 接触时间length of wave 波长。
XXX车架有限元分析
XXX车架有限元分析近年来，汽车行业的发展可谓突飞猛进。
为了提高汽车的安全性能和稳定性，车架的设计变得尤为重要。
在汽车设计中，车架的主要任务是提供强度和刚性支撑，以保护车辆乘员和其他部件免受碰撞产生的冲击。
而有限元分析（FEA）是一种有效的工具，可以帮助工程师们评估车架在不同条件下的强度和稳定性。
有限元分析是一种数值计算方法，将复杂的结构划分成无数小的有限元素，通过在每个元素上施加约束和载荷，来模拟结构的行为。
在车架的有限元分析中，主要考虑的是车架的静态刚度和动态响应。
首先，在车架的有限元分析中，需要确定车架的材料性质。
车架通常是由钢材制成，因为钢材具有较高的强度和刚度。
然后，根据车架的几何形状和设计要求，将车架划分成许多小的有限元素。
每个元素都有其特定的物理属性，如材料类型、密度、弹性模量等。
在分析过程中，需要先施加各个节点上的载荷，并确定约束条件。
载荷可以是车辆自身的重量和负载，也可以是外部施加的碰撞力。
约束条件可以是车轮的固定位置或其他支撑点。
然后，利用有限元分析软件求解得到车架在不同应力下的变形情况。
通过有限元分析，可以评估车架在各种工况下的强度和刚度。
在静态刚度方面，可以评估车架在静止状态下的刚性支撑效果。
而动态响应方面，则可以模拟不同道路条件下车架的变形和振动情况。
有限元分析还可以用来进行优化设计。
工程师可以根据分析结果对车架的材料选择、结构形式和连接方式等进行调整，以提高车架的性能。
例如，在车架设计中可以采用钢材和其他高强度材料的复合结构，以提高刚度和强度。
此外，在连接部位采用焊接、螺栓等方式，可以提高连接的牢固度和稳定性。
总之，有限元分析是现代汽车设计中必不可少的工具之一、通过对车架的有限元分析，可以评估车架的强度和稳定性，为车架的设计和优化提供科学依据，从而提高汽车的安全性能和稳定性。
车架有限元分析英文翻译
车架有限元分析英文翻译附件9：华南理工大学广州汽车学院本科生毕业设计（论文）翻译英文原文名FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ANDOPTIMIZATION OF A HEA VY TRUCK FRAME 中文译名重型货车汽车车架的有限元分析及优化设计系别汽车系专业班级车辆六班学生姓名马俊指导教师李利平填表日期2012年5月4日二00 年月英文原文版出处：译文成绩：指导教师（导师组）签名：译文：重型货车汽车车架的有限元分析及优化设计摘要本文针对某重型汽车厂载货汽车车架在实际使用过程中出现的破坏等现象，利用美国大型有限元分析软件ANSYS对其进行静、动态分析，找出车架破坏的主要原因，并提出结构改进方案，通过对各方案的分析对比，提出合理的结构改进，对改进后的结构进行优化设计，最后根据优化结果生产样车，进行试验验证。
本文所取得的主要研究成果如下。
对车架及平衡悬架进行有限元仿真。
根据车架结构特点，采用壳单元建立车架的有限元模型。
采用弹簧单元COMBIN14和刚性杆单元MPC184，利用节点耦合的办法来模拟平衡架与车架的连接，目前有关模拟平衡悬架的报道还不多见。
通过对车架在各种工况下的静态分析，得出载荷作用下车架的四个大应力区，这些区域与车架在实际使用过程中曾发生过破坏的位置相吻合。
对车架进行动态特性分析得出车架的各阶段固有频率及振型。
确定了路面不平度及发动机的激励频率范围，计算在此激励下车架的响应，得出大应力点在外界激励时其应力响应幅值较大的结论。
在分析车架破坏的主要原因基础上，提出改进车架结构的若干方案，通过对各方案进行分析对比，得出通过增高车架纵梁的高度以及加长车架长度的方法，可以明显改善车架的受力及变形情况；V型管梁比U型弯管梁受力更合理，在弯管梁与联接板处加支撑板可以大大降低联接处的应力值；第四横梁下片与腹板联接可以大大降低联接处的应力值；连接板采用角板结构把纵梁下翼面与腹板连为一体，结构更合理。
汽车安全气囊碰撞有限元分析外文翻译
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOBILE CRASH SENSORS FOR AIRBAG SYSTEMSABSTRACTAutomobile spring bias crash sensor design time can be significantly reduced by using finite element analysis as a predictive engineering tool.The sensors consist of a ball and springs cased in a plastic housing.Two important factors in the design of crash sensors are the force-displacement response of the sensor and stresses in the sensor springs. In the past,sensors were designed by building and testing prototype hardware until the force-displacement requirements were met. Prototype springs need to be designed well below the elastic limit of the ing finite element analysis, sensors can be designed to meet forcedisplacement requirements with acceptable stress levels. The analysis procedure discussed in this paper has demonstrated the ability to eliminate months of prototyping effort.MSC/ABAQUS has been used to analyze and design airbag crash sensors.The analysis was geometrically nonlinear due to the large deflections of the springs and the contact between the ball and springs. Bezier 3-D rigid surface elements along with rigid surface interface (IRS) elements were used to model ball-to-springcontact.Slideline elements were used with parallel slideline interface (ISL) elements for spring-to-spring contact.Finite element analysis results for the force-displacement response of the sensor were in excellent agreement with experimental results.INTRODUCTIONAn important component of an automotive airbag system is the crash sensor. Various types of crash sensors are used in airbag systems including mechanical,electro-mechanical, and electronic sensors. An electro-mechanical sensor (see Figure 1) consisting of a ball and two springs cased in a plastic housing is discussed in thispaper. When the sensor experiences a severe crash pulse, the ball pushes two springs into contact completing the electric circuit allowing the airbag to fire. Theforce-displacement response of the two springs is critical in designing the sensor to meet various acceleration input requirements. Stresses in the sensor springs must be kept below the yield strength of the spring material to prevent plastic deformation in the springs. Finite element analysis can be used as a predictive engineering tool to optimize the springs for the desired force-displacement response while keeping stresses in the springs at acceptable levels.In the past, sensors were designed by building and testing prototype hardware until the forcedisplacement requirements were met. Using finite element analysis, the number of prototypes built and tested can be significantly reduced, ideally to one, which substantially reduces the time required to design a sensor. The analysis procedure discussed in this paper has demonstrated the ability to eliminate months of prototyping effort.MSC/ABAQUS [1] has been used to analyze and design airbag crash sensors. The analysis was geometrically nonlinear due to the large deflections of the springs and the contact between the ball and springs. Various contact elements were used in this analysis including rigid surface interface (IRS) elements, Bezier 3-D rigid surface elements, parallel slide line interface (ISL) elements, and slide line elements. The finite element analysis results were in excellent agreement with experimental results for various electro-mechanical sensors studied in this paper.PROBLEM DEFINITIONThe key components of the electro-mechanical sensor analyzed are two thin metallic springs (referred to as spring1 and spring2) which are cantilevered from a rigid plastic housing and a solid metallic ball as shown in Figure 1. The plastic housing contains a hollow tube closed at one end which guides the ball in the desired direction. The ball is held in place by spring1 at the open end of the tube. When the sensor is assembled, spring1 is initially displaced by the ball which creates a preload on spring1. The ball is able to travel in one direction only in this sensor and this direction will be referredto as the x-direction (see the global coordinate system shown in Figure 2) in this paper. Once enough acceleration in the x-direction is applied to overcome the preload on spring1, the ball displaces the spring. As the acceleration applied continues to increase, spring1 is displaced until it is in contact with spring2. Oncethe sensor to perform its function within the airbag system.FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHODOLOGYWhen creating a finite element representation of the sensor, the following simplifications can be made. The two springs can be fully restrained at their bases implying a perfectly rigid plastic housing. This is a good assumption when comparing the flexibility of the thin springs to the stiff plastic housing. The ball can be represented by a rigid surface since it too is very stiff as compared to the springs. Rather than modeling the contact between the plastic housing and the ball, all rotations and translations are fully restrained except for the xdirection on the rigidsurface representing the ball. These restraints imply that the housingwill have no significant deformation due to contact with the ball. These restraints also ignore any gaps due to tolerances between the ball and the housing. The effect of friction between the ball and plastic is negligible in this analysis.The sensor can be analyzed by applying an enforced displacement in the x-direction to the rigid surface representing the ball to simulate the full displacement of the ball. Contact between the ball and springs is modeled with various contact elements as discussed in the following section. A nonlinear static analysis is sufficient to capture the force-displacement response of the sensor versus using a more expensive and time consuming nonlinear transient analysis. Although the sensor is designed with a ball mass and spring stiffness that gives the desired response to a given acceleration, thereis no mass associated with the ball in this static analysis. The mass of the ball can be determined by dividing the force required to deflect the springs by the acceleration input into the sensor.MeshThe finite element mesh for the sensor was constructed using MSC/PATRAN [2]. The solver used to analyze the sensor was MSC/ABAQUS. The finite element mesh including the contact elements is shown in Figure 2. The plastic housing was assumed to be rigid in this analysis and was not modeled. Both springs were modeled with linear quadrilateral shell elements with thin shell physical properties. The ball was assumed to be rigid and was modeled with linear triangular shell elements with Bezier 3-D rigid surface properties.To model contact between the ball and spring1, rigid surface interface (IRS) elements were used in conjunction with the Bezier 3-D rigid surface elements making up the ball. Linear quadrilateral shell elements with IRS physical properties were placed on spring1 and had coincident nodes with the quadrilateral shell elements making up spring1. The IRS elements were used only in the region of ball contact.To model contact between spring1 and spring2, parallel slide line interface (ISL) elements were used in conjunction with slide line elements. Linear bar elements with ISL physical properties were placed on spring1 and had coincident nodes with the shell elements on spring1. Linear bar elements with slide line physical properties were placed on spring2 and had coincident nodes with the shell elements making up spring2.MaterialBoth spring1 and spring2 were thin metallic springs modeled with a linear elastic material model. No material properties were required for the contact or rigid surface elements.Boundary ConditionsBoth springs were assumed to be fully restrained at their base to simulate a rigid plastichousing. An enforced displacement in the x-direction was applied to the ball. The ball wasfully restrained in all rotational and translational directions with the exception of the xdirection translation. Boundary conditions for the springs and ball are shown in Figure 2.DISCUSSIONTypical results of interest for an electro-mechanical sensor would be the deflected shape of the springs, the force-displacement response of the sensor, and the stress levels in the springs. Results from an analysis of the electro-mechanical sensor shown in Figure 2 will be used asfull ball travel. Looking at the deflected shape of the springs can provide insight into the performance of the sensor as well as aid in the design of the sensor housing.Stresses in the springs are important results in this analysis to ensure stress levels in the springs are at acceptable levels. Desired components of stress can be examined through various means including color contour plots. One of the most important results from the analysis is the force-displacement response for the sensor shown in Figure 4. From this force-displacement response, the force required to push spring1 into contact with spring2 can readily be determined. This force requirement can be used with a given acceleration to determine the mass required for the ball. Based on these results, one or more variations of several variables such as spring width, spring thickness, ball diameter, and ball material can be updated until the force-displacement requirements are achieved within a desired accuracy.A prototype of the sensor shown in Figure 2 was constructed and tested to determine its actual force-displacement response. Figure 4 shows the MSC/ABAQUS results along with the experimental results for the force-displacement response of the sensor. There was an excellent correlation between finite element and experimental results for this sensor as well asfor several other sensors examined. Table 1 shows the difference in percent between finite element and experimental results including force at preload on spring1, force at spring1-tospring2 contact, and force at full ball travel for two sensor configurations. Sensor A in Table 1 is shown in Figure 1. Sensor B in Table 1 is based on the sensor shown in Figure 2.The sensor model analyzed in this paper was also analyzed with parabolic quadrilateral and bar elements to ensure convergence of the solution.Force-displacement results converged to less than 1% using linear elements. The stresses in the springs for this sensor converged to within 10% for the linear elements. The parabolic elements increased solve time by more than an order of magnitude over the linear elements. With more complex spring shapes, a denser linear mesh or parabolic elements used locally in areas of stress concentrations would be necessary to obtain more accurate stresses in the springs.Notes: 1. Sensor A results are based on 1 prototype manufactured and tested. Sensor Bexperimental results are based on the average of 20 prototypesmanufacturedand tested.2. No experimental data for force at full ball travel for Sensor A.3. %Difference=(FEA Result - Experimental Result)/Experimental ResultCONCLUSIONSMSC/ABAQUS has been used to analyze and design airbag crash sensors. The finite element analysis results were in excellent agreement with experimental results for several electromechanical sensors for which prototypes were built and tested. Using finite element analysis, sensors can be designed to meet force-displacement requirements with acceptable stress levels. The analysis procedure discussed in this paper has demonstrated the ability to eliminate months of prototyping effort. This paper has demonstrated the power of finite element analysis as a predictive engineering tool even with the use of multiple contact element types.汽车安全气囊系统撞击传感器的有限单元分析摘要：汽车弹簧碰撞传感器可以利用有限单元分析软件进行设计，这样可以大大减少设计时间。
结构力学专业英语双语词汇
结构力学结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角 crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移 crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展 stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionJ积分 J-integralJ阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factorHRR场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor应变能密度 strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度 brittle-ductile transition temperature剪切带 shear band剪切唇 shear lip无损检测 non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件 double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件 single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件 three point bending specimen, TPB specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件 center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件 center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件 compact tension specimen, CT specimen大范围屈服 large scale yielding小范围攻屈服 small scale yielding韦布尔分布 Weibull distribution帕里斯公式 paris formula空穴化 Cavitation应力腐蚀 stress corrosion概率风险判定 probabilistic risk assessment, PRA损伤力学 damage mechanics损伤 Damage连续介质损伤力学 continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学 microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤 accumulated damage脆性损伤 brittle damage延性损伤 ductile damage宏观损伤 macroscopic damage细观损伤 microscopic damage微观损伤 microscopic damage损伤准则 damage criterion损伤演化方程 damage evolution equation损伤软化 damage softening损伤强化 damage strengthening损伤张量 damage tensor损伤阈值 damage threshold损伤变量 damage variable损伤矢量 damage vector损伤区 damage zone疲劳 Fatigue低周疲劳 low cycle fatigue应力疲劳 stress fatigue随机疲劳 random fatigue蠕变疲劳 creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤 fatigue damage疲劳失效 fatigue failure疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹 fatigue crack疲劳寿命 fatigue life疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳辉纹 fatigue striations疲劳阈值 fatigue threshold交变载荷 alternating load交变应力 alternating stress应力幅值 stress amplitude应变疲劳 strain fatigue应力循环 stress cycle应力比 stress ratio安全寿命 safe life过载效应 overloading effect循环硬化 cyclic hardening循环软化 cyclic softening环境效应 environmental effect裂纹片 crack gage裂纹扩展 crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生 crack initiation循环比 cycle ratio实验应力分析 experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片 active[strain] gage基底材料 backing material应力计 stress gage零[点]飘移 zero shift, zero drift应变测量 strain measurement应变计 strain gage应变指示器 strain indicator应变花 strain rosette应变灵敏度 strain sensitivity机械式应变仪 mechanical strain gage直角应变花 rectangular rosette引伸仪 Extensometer应变遥测 telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数 transverse gage factor横向灵敏度 transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计 weldable strain gage平衡电桥 balanced bridge粘贴式应变计 bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计 bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计 bonded wire gage桥路平衡 bridge balancing电容应变计 capacitance strain gage补偿片 compensation technique补偿技术 compensation technique基准电桥 reference bridge电阻应变计 resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计 self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计 semiconductor strain Gage集流器 slip ring应变放大镜 strain amplifier疲劳寿命计 fatigue life gage电感应变计 inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学 Photomechanics光弹性 Photoelasticity光塑性 Photoplasticity杨氏条纹 Young fringe双折射效应 birefrigent effect等位移线 contour of equal Displacement暗条纹 dark fringe条纹倍增 fringe multiplication干涉条纹 interference fringe等差线 Isochromatic等倾线 Isoclinic等和线 isopachic应力光学定律 stress- optic law主应力迹线 Isostatic亮条纹 light fringe光程差 optical path difference热光弹性 photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法 photoelastic coating Method光弹性夹片法 photoelastic sandwich Method动态光弹性 dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波 spatial filtering空间频率 spatial frequency起偏镜 Polarizer反射式光弹性仪 reflection polariscope残余双折射效应 residual birefringent Effect应变条纹值 strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度 strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应 stress freezing effect应力条纹值 stress fringe value应力光图 stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应 temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法 pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪 transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法 real-time holographic interferometry网格法 grid method全息光弹性法 holo-photoelasticity全息图 Hologram全息照相 Holograph全息干涉法 holographic interferometry全息云纹法 holographic moire technique全息术 Holography全场分析法 whole-field analysis散斑干涉法 speckle interferometry散斑 Speckle错位散斑干涉法 speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography 散斑图 Specklegram白光散斑法 white-light speckle method云纹干涉法 moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹 moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法 moire method云纹图 moire pattern离面云纹法 off-plane moire method参考栅 reference grating试件栅 specimen grating分析栅 analyzer grating面内云纹法 in-plane moire method脆性涂层法 brittle-coating method条带法 strip coating method坐标变换 transformation of Coordinates计算结构力学 computational structural mechanics加权残量法 weighted residual method有限差分法 finite difference method有限[单]元法 finite element method配点法 point collocation里茨法 Ritz method广义变分原理 generalized variational Principle 最小二乘法 least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理 Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理 Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理 modified variational Principle约束变分原理 constrained variational Principle 混合法 mixed method杂交法 hybrid method边界解法 boundary solution method有限条法 finite strip method半解析法 semi-analytical method协调元 conforming element非协调元 non-conforming element混合元 mixed element杂交元 hybrid element边界元 boundary element强迫边界条件 forced boundary condition自然边界条件 natural boundary condition离散化 Discretization离散系统 discrete system连续问题 continuous problem广义位移 generalized displacement广义载荷 generalized load广义应变 generalized strain广义应力 generalized stress界面变量 interface variable节点 node, nodal point[单]元 Element角节点 corner node边节点 mid-side node内节点 internal node无节点变量 nodeless variable杆元 bar element桁架杆元 truss element梁元 beam element二维元 two-dimensional element一维元 one-dimensional element三维元 three-dimensional element轴对称元 axisymmetric element板元 plate element壳元 shell element厚板元 thick plate element三角形元 triangular element四边形元 quadrilateral element四面体元 tetrahedral element曲线元 curved element二次元 quadratic element线性元 linear element三次元 cubic element四次元 quartic element等参[数]元 isoparametric element超参数元 super-parametric element亚参数元 sub-parametric element节点数可变元 variable-number-node element拉格朗日元 Lagrange element拉格朗日族 Lagrange family巧凑边点元 serendipity element巧凑边点族 serendipity family无限元 infinite element单元分析 element analysis单元特性 element characteristics刚度矩阵 stiffness matrix几何矩阵 geometric matrix等效节点力 equivalent nodal force节点位移 nodal displacement节点载荷 nodal load位移矢量 displacement vector载荷矢量 load vector质量矩阵 mass matrix集总质量矩阵 lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵 consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵 damping matrix瑞利阻尼 Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵の组集 assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量の组集 consistent mass matrix质量矩阵の组集 assembly of mass matrices单元の组集 assembly of elements局部坐标系 local coordinate system局部坐标 local coordinate面积坐标 area coordinates体积坐标 volume coordinates曲线坐标 curvilinear coordinates静凝聚 static condensation合同变换 contragradient transformation形状函数 shape function试探函数 trial function检验函数 test function权函数 weight function样条函数 spline function代用函数 substitute function降阶积分 reduced integration零能模式 zero-energy modeP收敛 p-convergenceH收敛 h-convergence掺混插值 blended interpolation等参数映射 isoparametric mapping双线性插值 bilinear interpolation小块检验 patch test非协调模式 incompatible mode节点号 node number单元号 element number带宽 band width带状矩阵 banded matrix变带状矩阵 profile matrix带宽最小化 minimization of band width波前法 frontal method子空间迭代法 subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法 determinant search method 逐步法 step-by-step method纽马克法 Newmark威尔逊法 Wilson拟牛顿法 quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法 Newton-Raphson method增量法 incremental method初应变 initial strain初应力 initial stress切线刚度矩阵 tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵 secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法 mode superposition method平衡迭代 equilibrium iteration子结构 Substructure子结构法 substructure technique超单元 super-element网格生成 mesh generation结构分析程序 structural analysis program 前处理 pre-processing后处理 post-processing网格细化 mesh refinement应力光顺 stress smoothing 组合结构 composite structure。
外文翻译--应用计算机辅助工程设计重型卡车车架
辅助工程设计重型货车车架Carlos Cosme, Amir Ghasemi and Jimmy Gandevia 摘要：近年来，重型货车市场变得非常的注重重量和降低成本。
这对设计工程师是重大挑战，因为这些车辆被用在各种各样的公路环境，从高速公路到严重的越野环境。
目前的挑战是在不牺牲耐用性和性能降低的前提下满足质量和成本。
本文论述了运用计算机集成、计算机辅助设计和工程软件代码（Pro / Engineer，ADAMS软件和ANSYS）来辅助设计更改车架。
特别是，本文集中论述了一个ADAMS多体动力学模型，一个完整的卡车和拖车来模拟车辆的侧翻稳定性，平顺性，和耐久性载荷。
该模型包括一个采用灵活的框架模型模态综合模式，探讨了有限元分析程序。
之间的多体仿真链接与有限元程序也可以用来传输、加载应力分析有限元模型。
所有代码之间紧密连结，确保新的设计并行计算可快速用于设计和分析。
一个说明这是如何已被使用的技术详细的个案研究也包括在内。
简介最近，重卡行业经历了汽车降低成本和重量的大发展。
这一直是卡车制造商的主要挑战，在不牺牲耐用性和性能的前提下，寻找好的方式来优化他们的汽车设计。
由于车架是车辆系统的重要组成部分，它经常被用于完善。
本文概述了电脑辅助工程（CAE）分析更改车架以及这些变化会如何影响车辆性能。
重型卡车的车架是该车辆的骨干，上面集成了主要的卡车组成系统，如车轴，悬架，动力总成，驾驶室。
典型的结构框架是梯形框架，中间交叉几根横梁。
纵梁的断面尺寸变化很大，根据在卡车上的受力而定。
而且，需要考虑各种因素：重量，复杂性和成本。
这些变化将取决于横梁的作用和位置。
请参考图1插图，一辆卡车的车架。
然而，横梁布置的变化带来的影响还无法看出来。
例如，如果横梁的抗扭刚度降低，对汽车的侧倾稳定性和耐久性的影响是怎么的呢？设计工程师们需要对这些类型的问题给出答案以指导他们的工作。
特别是，及时的设计和分析程序是必需的，这样新的设计可以快速评估。
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附件9：
华南理工大学广州汽车学院
本科生毕业设计（论文）翻译
英文原文名FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND
OPTIMIZATION OF A HEA VY TRUCK FRAME 中文译名重型货车汽车车架的有限元分析及优化设计
系别汽车系
专业班级车辆六班
学生姓名马俊
指导教师李利平
填表日期2012年5月4日
二00 年月
英文原文版出处：
译文成绩：指导教师（导师组）签名：
译文：
重型货车汽车车架的有限元分析及优化设计
摘要
本文针对某重型汽车厂载货汽车车架在实际使用过程中出现的破坏等现象，利用美国大型有限元分析软件ANSYS对其进行静、动态分析，找出车架破坏的主要原因，并提出结构改进方案，通过对各方案的分析对比，提出合理的结构改进，对改进后的结构进行优化设计，最后根据优化结果生产样车，进行试验验证。
本文所取得的主要研究成果如下。
对车架及平衡悬架进行有限元仿真。
根据车架结构特点，采用壳单元建立车架的有限元模型。
采用弹簧单元COMBIN14和刚性杆单元MPC184，利用节点耦合的办法来模拟平衡架与车架的连接，目前有关模拟平衡悬架的报道还不多见。
通过对车架在各种工况下的静态分析，得出载荷作用下车架的四个大应力区，这些区域与车架在实际使用过程中曾发生过破坏的位置相吻合。
对车架进行动态特性分析得出车架的各阶段固有频率及振型。
确定了路面不平度及发动机的激励频率范围，计算在此激励下车架的响应，得出大应力点在外界激励时其应力响应幅值较大的结论。
在分析车架破坏的主要原因基础上，提出改进车架结构的若干方案，通过对各方案进行分析对比，得出通过增高车架纵梁的高度以及加长车架长度
的方法，可以明显改善车架的受力及变形情况；V型管梁比U型弯管梁受力更合理，在弯管梁与联接板处加支撑板可以大大降低联接处的应力值；第四横梁下片与腹板联接可以大大降低联接处的应力值；连接板采用角板结构把纵梁下翼面与腹板连为一体，结构更合理。
这些改进大大地降低了车架大应力区的应力值，也为同类产品的设计提供了理论依据。
采用ANSYS软件提供的子问题近似法，首先对车架的局部结构进行优化，然后针对整个车架提出十个方案，分别进行优化设计，解决了通用软件不能同时进行结构改进及优化难题，通过分析对比选出最优方案，优化后车架质量显著降低。
在车架的一般计算中，不考虑货箱的加强作用。
本文通过有无货箱时的计算值及实测值的比较，得出对于车架上不同的部位，货箱对其盈利的饿影响也是不同的，在初步设计中可以吧货箱对车架的影响按30%来考虑。
为其他车型车架的设计提供了参考。
将自模型分析技术引入车架的分析中来，对平衡处的局部结构进行了分析，通过与测试结果的比较，说明了利用模型结构可以得到局部更精确的结果。
该方法为车架局部的精细研究提供了新思路。
关键词：车架有限元静态分析结构改进优化设计
原文：
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION
OF A HEAVY TRUCK FRAME
ABSTRACT
In this study, the static and dynamic analysis were performed to a truck frame which was destroyed in the use process, using ANSYS FEA software. The primary cause of frame destruction was found by analysis of the frame. The improvement projects were proposed, also the optimization was carried out and validated the feasibility of improvement project. The main conclusions are as follows: Establish the finite element model of the frame and the balance suspension. According to structure characteristics of frame, the model of The frame was established by applying shell element. By using COMBIN14 and MPC184 element and applying node coupling means simulated the joint of balance suspension is few.
By the frame static analysis under each king of operating mode, obtained four big stress areas which were accordant to these regions that had destructed in the actual use process. Carried on the dynamic analysis to the frame to obtain the frequency and mode shape and also
calculated the stress an displacement responds of the frame under road surface and engine drive, had a conclusion that the stress responds value of big stress point is large under outside drive.
Based on the prime reasons of the frame destruction, improvement projects were proposed. Through carried on the analysis and constrast to various plans, obtained that V pipe cross-member is better than U pipe cross-member; The forth cross-member that joined with web plate can reduce the stress value of joined area; The corner joined plate is more reasonable than web plate structure. These improvement projects not only reduced the stress value, but also provided the theory basis for the similar product design.
Firstly, the component of the frame was optimized by using Sub-Problem method in ANSYS, and then the entire frame was optimized, after then, the weight of frame was decreased obvious.
In the frame general computation, does not consider the enhancement function of the freight platform. Through comparison the stress value of whether condiering the freight platform, obtained that regarding the different spot on the frame, the freight platform to its stress contribution is also different. In the preliminary design can consider that the contribution of freight platform to the frame is 30% which has provided the reference for other vehicle frame design.
The submodel technology was introduced to the frame analysis and
applied to analyse the local of frame-equilibrator part. Comparing to the test result, indicated that using the submodel technology can obtain more precise result. This method has provided the new mentality for the frame partial scrutiny.
KEY WORDS: frame; finite element; static analysis; structure improvement; optimization
备注：1、英文原文出处包括出版社、出版时间、期刊的刊名、刊号、刊期。
2、电脑打印，用A4纸；中文译名用小二号宋体加粗，正文用小四号宋体，行距固定值20磅，
其他用小四号宋体。
3、页边距左边3.2cm，右边2.54cm,上下边距2.54cm。
4、英文翻译在左边装订。
5、附上英文原文，用A4纸。