现代工业设计中英文翻译

Modern Industrial Design1.Procedures of Modern Industrial DesignIndustrial Design is a whole process from the market investigation and analysis, through the concept design and detail design, to manufacturing, packaging, advertisement and sells.The followings describe each phase:1.1 Market Investigation and AnalysisFirst, designers should acquire the products of enterprise and the situation of company's industry and customers, and decide the problem to be solved.①Market investigating and information collection and analysis.②Finding the problem that the enterprises need to solve.③Starting to research the competitive products.④Locating the products in the market. Result; Deciding the project plan.1.2 Design Conceiving-Conceptual DesignThe work core during this period is to dream up. The design company analyzes and summarizes the information and materials obtained from the last period, and then provide the innovative solution.①Creating a concept, innovation and imagination, making primarily several conceptive designs, considering the workers and environment at the same time, and presenting design drafts.②Comparing and analyzing the schemes above, and selecting 2-3 optional design schemes.③valuating and validating the schemes from ②, including:the target function,costs and economics,styles and colors of product,manufacturability,acceptability of market consumers.Result: determining the conceptual design scheme.1.3 Detailed DesignDesigning each component and assemble in details, including style, color and environment of products.Providing a complete set of drawings, from design drawing to engineering drawings, or digital design schemes.Result: Finally determining the design scheme.1.4 Design Submission and Prototype MakingBased on the determined design scheme of products, laying out the detailed manufacturing plan.①Submitting the final design scheme.②Determining the specification and techniques required during the production.③Measuring and computing the costs of materials and manufacturing.④Working out the machining process.⑤ Manufacturing the models or prototype making.⑥Judging the prototype machine.Result: Determining the productivity and putting into production.1.5 Batch ManufacturingDuring this period, the design company helps the manufacturers organize production, as well as optimize the manufacturing techniques.①Corresponding workers and facility management.②Die manufacturing and facility installing.③Establishing assemble description and production plan, and making the quality standardization.④Batch production.Result: Products are put into the market.1.6 Products Get into the Market①Product packaging.②Making the propagandist^ strategy of products in the market and advertisement producing.③Distribution strategy and ways of products.Result; New products make the huge economic benefits and drive the market improving.2.Modern Industrial Design and Marketing2.1 Analysis of Market RequirementsTraditional marketing method focuses on making up an environment to attract consumers, but not be able to offer more complete and further information. Ne w methods, in a way, capacitate the team members to understand the social behaviors better, also to foresee the product focus and trends of consumers. These methods require members to do research and to investigate the potential users more deeply.Some methods for deep research on users are:(1) Scenario DevelopmentA certain scenario or story for some typical users in the targeted activity is set up to narrate that the lack of product would make their activity harder or less fulfilling. This narrative can make team members to understand the basic situation of the users, to determine the target users and to go on to the next process.(2) New Product EthnographyTraditional ethnography is a form of cultural anthropology using fieldwork to observe the group and derive patterns of behavior, belief, and activity. The product ethnography is new developed form of ethnography. The method used in product development is a blend of the traditional methods with new emerging technology for observing, recording, and analyzing social situations. It is not merely descriptive but also predictive. The ethnography can be implied to the initial process of product development. The product ethnography can be used to predict consumer preferences for product features, form, material, color, and patterns of use and purchase , so to help determining the qualities that products should possess.(3) Lifestyle ReferenceMany successful products have formed new styles and trends in markets and are directing the fashion styles in design as well. Lifestyle Reference approach is to do the design with reference to other products, fashions and activities from the target market.(4) ErgonomicsIn order to gain a better understanding on the comfort of product for users, the ergonomically methods can be used to analyze man-machine interaction and detailed task.Teams translate all the information gained by means of all the methods above into the indications and carry them out through the whole design process.2.2 Concept of Value in ProductsIf a product is useful, usable and desirable to customers, and has strong influence on lifestyle impact, availability and ergonomics, it is valuable to customers. Good value is no longer based on more functions created with the lowest cost. Value in its true sense, however, is lifestyle-driven, not cost-driven. The emphasized attributes of the products are the terms of usefulness, usability and desirability. If the price needs to rise up, the value of the product has to increase at the same time. At the moment, the customers can accept the rising price based on the rising value. If the product does not add value, then as a commodity with higher cost it will fail in the market.2.3 Analysis of Value OpportunityValue can be broken down into specific attributes that contribute to a product's usefulness, usability, and desirability, and it is these attributes that connect a product's function features to that value.(1) Value OpportunitiesValue Opportunities are a set of opportunities to add value to a product. Value Opportunities can be represented as seven classes of value attributes; Emotion, aesthestics , identity, ergonomics, impact, core technology, and quality; each relates with the product's feature of usefulness, usability and desirability, and contributes to changing the product's value. The concept and analysis approach were also first brought forward by Professor Jonathan Cagan and Professor Craig M. Vogel of Carnegie Mellon University and have been widely applied in schools and corporations.The contents of the value attributes see chart below;(2) Value Opportunity ChartsWe use the Value Opportunity to analyze the value opportunity of the product. Each attribute of product is qualitatively measured with ranges of low, medium and high. When the product meets some level of the attribute, a line is drawn for that.The Value Opportunity Charts can help teams to understand what Value Opportunity attributes the product team targeted and how well the product turned out. In the Value Opportunity Analysis ( VOA) , this new V0s8 chart is compared either with the chart of old product or with the chart of competitive products, so that designers can find which attribute aspects of our products have increased the value or how it can be to achieve abetter solution.(3) Ways to Increase ProfitIn order to position the product, increasing of the product's value must lead to a higher cost, which can be compensated by some ways such as increasing the price and the sold quality.The Map of Price and Cost Figure ( P57 ) shows that a profit increases with added value of product, i. e. , the profit margin is significantly higher for the higher-valued product.Four ways to increase profits are;①To increase the value of product-the profit increases according to the rising of value, so we can say that high-valued product brings in high profit.②To increase the price-Remarkably, to customers, the additional price for product should be accorded with the added value and should have the appropriate profit.③To establish strong brand equity, and thus to win customers-when the trust of brand is built up in the mind of customers, a long-ranged fixed users group will also be established, which leads to a higher quantity of product sale.④To lay the lower price than the competitive price for gaining the advantage of price and a strong share of the market. The product's costs can be reduced through the scientific and efficient design mean so that the costs will not be highly increased at the same time when the product's value has been increased greatly.With the methods above, the products with the characteristics of usefulness, usabilityand desirability can achieve a better market place and gain a better profit.现代工业设计1.现代工业设计的程序工业设计是一个从市场调研和分析开始，经过概念设计和细节设计，到加工制作，再到包装、广告和销售的全过程。