最新高考英语 阅读理解试题(含答案)

最新高考英语阅读理解试题(含答案)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Engineers in Upstate New York have invented a folded paper device that looks like a decorated art project. But don't be fooled. This is actually a paper-based battery. No, it doesn't look like any of those metal batteries running flashlights or smartphones. In these systems, the battery can be printed on a page. The battery's power consists of living bacteria.

Paper electronics are simple to make and inexpensive, notes study leader Seokheun Choi, an engineer at Binghamton University. They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water.

"Most batteries use chemicals to generate electricity. Substituting bacteria can be an advantage," Choi says. "They are cheap and self-repairing." What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places — such as a battlefield. They might also find use in medicine. For instance, they might power tiny sensors, such as the types used to measure blood sugar.

This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes (微生物) produce electricity as they digest food. Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells. A fuel cell generates electricity like a regular battery. But a regular battery stops producing electricity when its inner chemical reactions stop. A fuel cell uses fuel that can be refilled. In this case, bacteria serve as the fuel. By refilling more microbes, as needed, scientists can keep these fuel cells running.

Lab tests have shown that the new battery can produce a current. Now, Choi and his team are looking at ways to increase the power. They're studying different shapes and materials for the anode and cathode (正负极). They're also looking for the best ways to combine batteries for more power. The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them. And they surely will be a trend in the near future.

（1）What makes the paper-based batteries different from other batteries?

A. They are mainly used to run smartphones.

B. They use bacteria to generate electricity.

C. They are used to decorate small devices.

D. They take a much shorter time to recharge.（2）What can the paper-based batteries do?

A. Power tiny devices.

B. Lower blood sugar levels.

C. Produce much electricity.

D. Change chemicals in the paper.

（3）What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A. The application of the new battery.

B. The characteristics of the paper batteries.

C. The intention to invent the device.

D. The working principle of the invention.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards the development of the paper-based batteries?

A.Defensive.

B.Optimistic.

C.Doubtful.

D.Ambiguous.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water."这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places"纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的"This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes（微生物）produce electricity as they digest food"，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。因此，科学家们"Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells"根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them"该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。作者用到beauty"优点"一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

During this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compete for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory (感官的) retail that companies use. Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.

Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this year compared purchasing in a French flower shop when the smell of lavender (薰衣草) was given off and when it wasn't. It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases. An earlier study using Nike shoes found that consumers desired the shoes more, and were willing to pay more, when the room had a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the subconscious impact of

smell, many stores apply artificial scents (气味) through their heating and air-conditioning vents (通风口) or place scent machines above their doors. For instance, a coconut scent might make that bikini more appealing as you long for a vacation.

Ever felt frenzied due to a store's fast-paced music? Or calmed by a piece of light music? A retailer's choice of music can have a big impact on consumers' moods. One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store. But interestingly, the researchers did not find a difference in sales or customers' satisfaction. Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music. Just as department stores use different scents in certain departments, many use different music in some areas to appeal to varying consumers.

Well, you could always leave the store and take a break, but the food court probably isn't your best choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread also use scents as part of their customers' experience. Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.

（1）The passage is mainly about ________.

A. consumers' favorite sounds and smells while shopping

B. shopping malls' strategies for satisfying consumers

C. some special services from super shopping malls

D. two factors affecting consumers' shopping decisions

（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Decorating stores with flowers becomes a fashion.

B. Shops with special smells can attract more consumers.

C. Smells can actually help businessmen gain more profits.

D. The products with a kind of special smell are more popular.

（3）How does music have an effect on consumers?

A. It controls consumers' desire for shopping.

B. It influences how long consumers stay in a shop.

C. It gives consumers the satisfaction of enjoying shopping.

D. Whether consumers are willing to buy things depends on it.

（4）Which of the following can replace the underl ined word “frenzied” in Paragraph 3? A. Satisfied. B. Depressed. C. Surprised. D. Excited.

（5）What does the writer try to express in the last paragraph?

A. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular nowadays.

B. People should spend more time at home with family members.

C. People can choose to get rid of salesmen's promotion strategies.

D. Smells and sounds are important for consumers' shopping experience.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

（5）C

【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。（1）主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.（声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定）及下文对这两个因素的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。故答案选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中的It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases.（研究发现，这种气味增加了消费者购买物品的数量和购买量）可推知，气味实际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。故答案选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a s tore…Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.（研究发现，当音乐音量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少……最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客接触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们的购物时间实际上更长）可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停留的时间。故答案选B。

（4）词义猜测题。A. Satisfied满意的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Surprised吃惊的；D. Excited兴奋的。根据第三段中的Or calmed by a piece of light music?（还是听着轻音乐平静下来?）可知，划线词所在句意为“有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂?”，由此推知，划线词意为“疯狂的”，疯狂是一种兴奋的状态。故答案选D。

（5）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.（网上零售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。故答案选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

If conditions get bad enough, almost any kind of weather can become a storm.

Stormy weather can cause people to cancel their plans. It can cause major events to be postponed. And severe stormy weather can be dangerous to people, fortune and anima1.

If you weather the storm, or ride out the storm, you survive and move on without harm or injury. For example, 1et's talk about Tornado Alley, the name for part of the central United States. During springtime, this area often has a large number of powerful tornadoes. People who live there are taught to shelter in the safest place they can find and wait for the storm to pass. People who live in Tornado Alley are used to weathering many storms!

You can also weather a storm, but it doesn't involve actual weather. “To weather the storm” can also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying times. So, if the stock market(股市)crashes, you might have to weather a financial storm.

Often before a big storm, conditions are calm. The calm before the storm can happen anytime. It is the time before something bad happens. For example, at the beginning of a family reunion, the adults were all talking happily. But the older children knew it was just the calm before the storm. They've seen it happen before. The adults talk happily for about an hour. Then they start arguing about events from the past—things that should really stay buried!

But after the storm begins and you find yourself in the middle of it, you are in the eye of the storm. In the world of weather, the eye of the storm is the calmest part, in the center of a hurricane, for example. However, in the English language, if you are in the eye of the storm, you are in the most intense part of a conflict. For example, she had no idea that walking into the meeting would put her in the eye of the storm.

However, a brainstorm does not exist in the world of weather. To brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talking with other people. And don't worry. If we have trouble thinking of an idea for the next program, we can always brainstorm with you!

（1）What's mainly discussed in the 3rd and 4th paragraphs?

A. What the meanings of weathering the storm are.

B. How we can weather the storm.

C. Weathering a storm doesn't involve actual weather.

D. People in Tornado Alley can survive the storm.

（2）Why does the author mention a family reunion in the fifth paragraph?

A. To stress the importance of weather forecast.

B. To develop the awareness of family.

C. To explain the meaning of an expression.

D. To praise the older children for being clever.

（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. A problem can't be solved if you worry too much.

B. A brainstorm often appears in the world of weather.

C. Difficulties can be dealt with by teamwork.

D. To brainstorm can cause troubles in the program.

（4）What's the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To tell us stormy weather can cause destruction.

B. To tell us some expressions about storm.

C. To tell us a storm can cause conflicts.

D. To tell us we should be ready for a storm.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个英语中与“风暴”有关的表达。（1）段落大意题。第三段第一句“If you weather the storm，or ride out the storm，you survive and move on without harm or injury. ”可知本段讲述weather the storm或者ride out the storm指安全度过；和第四段最后一句“To weather the storm can also mean to make it

through a difficult experience or trying times. 可知第四段讲述To weather the storm指度过难关。故可知第三四段主要讲述weather the storm的意义是什么。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“The calm before the storm can happen anytime. It is the time before something bad happens. ”可知暴风雨前的宁静任何事都可能发生，这是一段某些不好的事情将要发生的时间。接着作者用家庭聚会作为例子来解释这一种说法的含义，故选C。

（3）推理判断题。最后一段第二句“To brainstorm means to try to solve a probl em by talking with other people. ”可知头脑风暴的意思是尝试通过与他人交流来解决一个问题，即困难可以通过团队合作来解决，故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。根据文章内容，如第五段提到暴风雨前的宁静，第六段讲“in the eye of the storm”处于风口浪尖上，最后一段说明“brainstorm”头脑风暴，可知文章主要介绍与“风暴”有关的表达，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，通过题干中的关键词在文章中定位，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Alison Malmon was ending her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania. US, when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness.

Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health. It soon blossomed into a national organization that today has more than 450 campus chapters. Leaders with the organization spend their time talking with college students about the pressure that today's young people face.

"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect." A new study in the UK proved that this need for perfectionism is simply part of today's society. In the study, two researchers studied more than 40,000 students from the US, Canada, and the UK. They found that what they called "socially-prescribed (社会定向型的) perfectionism" increased by a third between 1989 and 2016.

Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today's young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society, meaning young people can't avoid being sorted and ranked in both education and employment. That comes from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.

For example, in 1976, half of high school seniors expected to get a college degree of some kind. By 2008, more than 80 percent expected the same. The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact. As parents feel increased pressure to raise successful children, they in turn pass their "achievement anxieties" onto their

kids through "too much participation in their child's activities or emotions

Those in the mental health community like Malmon say they're concerned about the impact the culture of perfectionism has on mental health on campuses. "Mental health has truly become this generation's social justice (公正)issue," she said. "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."

（1）What inspired Alison Malmon to start a group related to mental health?

A.Her brother's mental illness.

B.Her project during the freshman year.

C.The pressure she had experienced.

D.Her strong interest in mental health.

（2）What may be pushing today's young people to struggle to be perfect, according to the article?

a. The impact of social media.

b. Parents' high expectations of their children.

c. The decreasing number of college students.

d. The fierce competition in society.

e. Their desire to draw their parents' attention.

A.a, b, c

B.a, d, e

C.a, b, d

D.b, c, e

（3）What does Malmon think is a way to help young people manage the pressure of perfectionism?

A.Enabling them to know what is to blame for their pressure.

B.Lowering their expectations of themselves.

C.Reducing parents' involvement in their children's life.

D.Making them aware of what true social responsibility is.

（4）What is the article mainly about?

A.A new study on college students.

B.Research into the trend of perfectionism.

C.A group devoted to helping people stay mentally healthy.

D.Various pressures that today's young people are facing.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了完美主义给当代年轻人带来的巨大压力，并分析了完美主义出现的具体原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness. “；以及第二段中的”Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health."可知正

是Malmon的哥哥Brian患上了精神病让Malmon决定创办一个研究精神病的研究小组。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society…That comes from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education."可知社交媒体不是年轻人所面临压力的唯一原因，当代社会的激烈竞争以及父母对孩子教育成功的期待都是重要原因。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."可知Malmon认为年轻人应该让人们知道精神健康方面的问题不是他们的错误，而是社会以及父母给他们带来的。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文，前两段导入话题：完美主义给年轻人带来了巨大的精神压力，人们组建了研究团队对此进行研究。第三段第一句点明主题"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect."下文分析了完美主义产生的具体原因，并提出了年轻人的应对方法。所以本文主要讲述的是对完美主义的研究。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple's Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that "could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines." But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing, especially for children?

Some researchers in favor of the robots don't see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationships. To support their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun one.

Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today's robots tell children that they have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create "a deeper and deeper emotional connection ... And if you neglect him, you feel the pain of that." What is the point of this, exactly? What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn't even know it is neglecting you?

This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with

children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures "say" or squeak, they don't understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment. They have not been born, they don't know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.

What is also troubling is that children take robots' behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots don't work when needed, children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better.

For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that "feel."

（1）How are the new social robots different from Siri?

A. They are intended to teach children how to talk.

B. They are designed to attract people with their smarts.

C. Their main function is to evaluate children's personality.

D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings.

（2）In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______.

A. are deeply connected with human beings

B. are unable to build a real relationship with children

C. are so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beings

D. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children

（3）The underlined phrase "essential equipment" in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.

A. emotion

B. pain

C. fear

D. thinking

（4）Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

A. B.

C. D.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。时代周刊称它彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple's Siri, but these robots come with something more. ”可知，新的社交机器人与像苹果的Siri这样的助理有相同之处，但比它们有更多功能；再根据第一段中的“Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we in teract with machines.”可知，社交机器人彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式，可以推知以一种新的方式与人们交流互动。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。Cozmo是第三段的举例，举例肯定是用来证明本段或者其前边的观点的。本段的中心是“Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though.”与洋娃娃相处与与社交机器相处是不同的；再根据第三段中的“What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn't even know it is neglecting you?”你觉得忽略了机器人而难受，但是机器人并不会感觉被忽略，或者你感觉机器人冷落了你而难受但是机器人根本不知道它冷落了你，这些意味着什么呢？可知，社交机器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。故选B。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“They have not been born, they don't know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.”可知，社交机器人不知道疼，死亡或害怕。社交机器人的思维可能是在想，但是他们的感觉从来不是感觉，他们的爱也从来不是爱。这句话是证明划线单词所在句子的论点的，他们是会同情的机器，但是他们缺少感情，导致他们所谓的感情是假的。所以划线单词词意为情感。故选A。

（4）考查篇章结构。分析文章内容，第一段提出观点：社交机器人改变了我们与机器互动的方式。第二段提出一些支持这一改变的专家的想法，第三段提出一些人对这一改变的担忧，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分别是这些人的三点担忧。最后一段总结这一趋势面临的现状。所以文章提出观点后，分为支持和反对两个观点，反对方面又列出了三点担忧，最后一段总结。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和篇章结构三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

"What kind of rubbish are you?" This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it was brought about weary complaints over the past few months. On July 1st, the city introduced strict rubbish-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed

and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.

Violators could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain hank loans or even buy train tickets.

Shanghai authorities are responding to obvious environmental problem. It produces 9 million tons of garbage a year. But like other cities in china, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on rubbish pickers to pick out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China produces 80 billion pairs of one-off chopsticks a year.

Many citizens appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous(有害的), the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss(投掷）it by hand, Most annoying are the short periods for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.

（1）What's the purpose of Paragraph 1?

A. To complain about rubbish dividing.

B. To explain the four categories of the waste.

C. To introduce the rules on waste sorting.

D. To show the goal of rubbish, sorting regulations.

（2）What does the underlined word "Violators" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. People who don't pay for train tickets.

B. People who argue with the monitors.

C. People who obtain bank loans.

D. People who are against the regulations.

（3）What makes the citizens upset most about the rules?

A. Complex distinction among the four categories of rubbish.

B. Short scheduled time for tossing rubbish.

C. Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage.

D. Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior.

（4）What can be the best title for the text?

A. A Restart of Waste-sorting

B. A New Age of Garbage Classification

C. Learning to Classify Rubbish

D. Rubbish-sorting Benefits the World

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。文章说明了垃圾分类规定的部分内容以及违反者将面临的处罚，这项政策出台的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民们对此政策的看法和态度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Citizens must divide their waste into four separate

categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.”市民必须将垃圾分为四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保规则得到遵守，并检查垃圾的性质。可知主要是在说明垃圾分类的相关规定，故第一段的目的是介绍垃圾分类的规则。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“They could be hit with fines of up to 200yuan ($29).”他们将面临最高200元(29美元)的罚款。可推测他们此处指违反垃圾分类规定的人们，故划线单词意思为“违反规定的人”，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Most upset are the short windows for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening.”最让人心烦的是扔垃圾的短暂开放期，通常是早上和晚上的几个小时，可知，扔垃圾的时间很短让居民对这些规定最不满。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate kinds and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance and to inquire into the nature of one's rubbish.”7月1日，该市出台了严格的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。居民必须将他们的垃圾分成四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保遵守和调查一个人的垃圾的性质）以及文章主要内容围绕着上海垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新时代的开始而展开，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Empathy (同理心)is one of those strange qualities—something almost everyone wants, but few know how to truly give or receive it. In a world where self-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in short supply but high demand. This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them.

What Is Empathy?— Many people confuse sympathy and empathy, but they are two distinct values. Empathy is not just the ability to understand someone's feelings; criminals often take advantage of people by appearing to understand their feelings and subsequently gaining their trust. Empathy is more than that. Not only is it the ability to recognize how someone feels, but it also values and respects the feelings of another person. It means treating others with kindness, dignity, and understanding.

Kids Need To See Adults Show Empathy—While some children are gifted with naturally kind hearts, in most cases kids need to see empathy modeled by the adults around them. It begins with the way parents relate to their children. Parents who show an interest in the things that matter to their kids and respond to emotions in a positive and caring way are teaching the skill of empathy.