翻译理论与实践概述

The Role of Translation Theory
Theoretical knowledge will provide the translator with an understanding of the nature and the process of translation with the awareness of the different translation types and methods with self-confidence in his capability with the ability to speak about translation in a meta-language
The
guests may now proceed to the banquet room.
现在恭请各位客人入席。
Formal
Dinner
is now being served.
现在上菜开席。
Informal
Let’s
go in and eat.
大家入座吃饭吧。
Casual Let’s
另一个诗人（俄裔美国诗人）
text intertext intertextuality
朱利娅· 克里斯蒂娃

试看下例：“巧媳妇做不出没米的粥来”（1：24： 323）。 杨译：“Even the cleverest housewife can’t cook a meal without rice…”（1：24：344）。 霍译：“Even the cleverest housewife can’t make bread without flour!”（1：24：474）。

Octavio Paz: the translator/poet “must leave the original in order to follow it.” 翻译是旅行。离家再远，也没有离开 “家”； “家”在回忆和想象中被再创造。 这是后殖和飞散文学 （post-colonial and diasporic literature)的一个要点, 是语言 翻译和文化翻译相通之处。
本科翻译教学的重点
译前准备 翻译认知方法 分解技能培养 综合翻译能力初步建立
本科翻译教学的原则
重复性 实践性
以技能为主
以一般主题为主 课堂教学与课外练习结合 语言教学与翻译教学的结合
思维方式
汉英三大差异
文化差异
语言差异
Language style
Ritual-frozen
Omission
Reconstruction Explanation Literal
translation and free translation
Application
Translating
sentences Translating rhetorical devices Translating cultural devices Translating texts Translation in TEM-8
（两人在打球）
catch!” 而不是 “You catch it well!”
我愿意跟他在一起。
I

enjoy the time I have with him.
I enjoy staying with him.（中式英语）

我特别享受跟他在一起的时光。（英式中文）
Last night, I He is a
Practice
但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能
改变过来。
But
it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.
Cultural distinction
Culture is a dynamic value system of learned elements, with assumptions, conventions, beliefs and rules permitting members of a group to relate to each other and to the world, to communicate and to develop their creative potential

误译
上海世博会
景点：游客休息区
Resting place for the tourists
安息 地
Lounge Area
《汉英北京2008年奥运会、残奥会常用词语手册》
不可译
鹿 柴
王 維 空山不見人， 但聞人語響。 返景入深林， 复照青苔上。
Empty mountains: no one to be seen. Yet—hear— human sounds and echoes. Returning sunlight enters the dark woods; Again shining on the green moss, above. Translated by Gary Snyder
翻译理论与实践——汉译英
Theory and Practice of Translation
Outline
Brief
introduction to translation theories and theorists Brief introduction to some translators Experiencing translation through practice Practice on TEM-8
句子
要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。
A fair skin now, Dabao knows how.
校长在会议开始总结去年的工作。Biblioteka sum up review
The
fault-finder will find faults in paradise.
吹毛求疵的人到了天堂也会吹毛求疵。
“你抓得真准！” “A good
King of Tang Ming Dynasty 在这么短短的几个词中，常识想错误就出现 两处，一是用King来译中国的“皇”（应为 “emperor”）是对中国政体的不清楚，把 “唐明”两字居然解释为一个朝代，即“唐 明朝”，这类错误实在是稍有常识的人也知 道的，中国从来没有出现过这样一个朝代。
saw a very good film, which was about the French revolution. man who thinks by himself and is quite equal to important tasks at the critical point. a man downstairs who wants to see you.
There is He
liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he didn’t like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. a real challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled us.
It was
语篇七要素：
1.意图性（intentionality）—— 让读者了解成书原委 2.可接受性（acceptability）——语言简洁生动,轻重自如 3.情景性（situationality）——自言自语，浮想联翩 4.信息性（informativity）——写作背景、内容、心境、 方法、目的交代清楚 5.互文性（intertextuality）——人物和故事伏笔浓重 6.衔接性（cohesion）——我与所有之女子关系，将逝去 韶光、潦倒之罪及闺阁中人诉诸笔端之原委逻辑清晰 7.连贯性（coherence）——书中人物“女子”呼应“闺 阁”、 写作境况“一事无成”呼应“一技无成”、著书目的 “以告天
刘姥姥道：“谋事在人，成事在天。”（第六回） Man proposes, Heaven disposes. Man proposes, God disposes.

翻译学的组成
1.翻译理论
2.翻译史 3.翻译的批评与批评研究
（理论研究，实践研究）
翻译研究可分三类：
翻译研究
translation 由“什么是翻译”衍生而来 理论 过程研究 translating 理论 译文研究 translations 理论 也要回到“翻译是什么”的问题
本科与硕士翻译教学的衔接
本科翻译专业带来的机遇
形成完整的翻译教学体系
本科-硕士-博士 提供翻译的基础训练 译前准备，基本技能训练，百科知识 为硕士翻译专业输送人才 培养复合型外语人才
本科与硕士翻译教学的区别
培养内容
- 本科：语言习得与翻译能力的培养，翻译 课程以笔译和交替传译为主 - 硕士：翻译综合能力的培养，以各类翻译 课程为主，辅以翻译工具、翻译市场、翻译 理论等课程 培养目标 - 本科：翻译能力的培养 - 硕士：职业翻译的培养
什么是翻译的艺术？
译：异、移、易、艺。
语言知识=语言能力 日常口语=翻译语言
词
大妈 大人物 小姐 小老婆 aunt/aunty/auntie very
important person lady/prostitute/tart concubine
例如有人把电视剧《唐明皇》译成
看过你的文章。想不到你这么年轻。
You’re
modest. You are being modest.
A stone
flops in the river. A stone flops on the ground.
The
扑通 啪嗒
adoption of active voice and passive voice in translating Jane Eyre.
Elizabeth, however, had never been blind to the impropriety of her father’s behavior as a husband. 不过，伊丽莎白并不是看不出父亲这方面缺德。

She represented to him all the impropriety of Lydia’s general behavior. 她把莉迪亚日常行为举止失检的地方都告诉了父亲。
Steps
Distinctions
between Chinese and English Difficulties in translating Some strategies Application of integrated skills
Skills
Diction Substitution Amplification
eat.
大家吃饭吧。
Intimate Skueet.（let’s
go eat.）
吃饭去。
Familial Soup’s
on.
开饭喽。
随他娘，像他妈，宛若其母
take
after his ma look like his mom is like his mother.
老娘
例：一从、二令、三人木
路上辛苦了。
I hope you had a pleasant journey. I hope the journey was not entirely intolerable.

From Sense and Sensibility
Non-lingual factors
翻译的甘苦，在于翻译者时时刻刻在两种语 言文化里经历着得和失， 在不可译或不完全 可译中求得少失、多得。
美国诗人
Robert Frost , “Poetry is what gets lost in translation.” Joseph Brodsky 却说: “Poetry is what is gained in translation.”
新娘
Practice
That
dear old soul That old woman That old witch
老人家
老妇人
老妖精
Way of thinking
I
have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man.