机械系统动力学英语版介绍
《机械系统动力学》课件
数值模拟法的缺点是计算量大，计算时间长，且需要较高的数学建模 和数值计算能力。
解析法
01 02 03 04
解析法是通过数学解析的方法来求解机械系统动力学问题的方法。
解析法需要建立系统的数学模型，利用数学解析的方法求解模型的微 分方程或差分方程，以获得系统的解析解。
解析法的优点是能够获得系统的精确解，具有较高的理论价值。
实验研究法的优点是能够直接获取系统的实际动 力学行为，具有较高的真实性和可靠性。
数值模拟法
01
数值模拟法是通过计算机数值计算来模拟机械系统的动态行为的方法 。
02
数值模拟法需要建立系统的数学模型，利用数值计算方法求解模型的 微分方程或差分方程，以获得系统的动态响应。
03
数值模拟法的优点是能够模拟复杂系统的动态行为，具有较高的灵活 性和可重复性。
动能定理
总结词
描述物体动能变化的定理
详细描述
动能定理指出，一个物体动能的改变等于作用力对物体所做的功。这个定理是能 量守恒定律在动力学中的表现，是分析机械系统运动状态的重要工具。
势能定理
总结词
描述物体势能变化的定理
详细描述
势能定理指出，一个物体势能的改变等于作用力对物体所做的负功。这个定理可以帮助我们分析机械系统的运动 状态，特别是当物体受到重力的作用时。
CHAPTER 04
机械系统动力学的研究方法
实验研究法
实验研究法需要设计和搭建实验装置，对系统 施加激励并采集响应数据，通过分析数据来揭
示系统的动态特性。
实验研究法的缺点是实验成本较高，实验条件难以控 制，且实验结果可能受到实验误差和环境因素的影响
。
实验研究法是通过实验测试和观察机械系统的 动态行为，以获取系统的动力学特性和性能参 数的方法。
第11章 机械系统动力学
l ——外力矩M L作用构件的角速度；
u xp、u yp、ul ——相应类速度。
3. 动力学方程
在不考虑系统势能变化的情况下（对于刚体机械系统，一般情 况下，构件重量产生的势能 构件动能，可以略去），将 E 1 J e1q12微分，得 2 E J e1q1 q
E 1 2 dJ e1 q1 q1 2 d q1
凯思方程：
是将主动力和惯性力都转化到广义坐标中，它们在广义
坐标中也同样应用达朗贝尔原理，表达式为：
( r ) M *(r ) FP Fm 0
P P 1 m 1
M个惯性力对第r个广义坐标的广义惯性力之和
P个主动力对第r个广义坐标的广义力之和
11-2 刚性机械系统动力学
系统的简化：
1. 系统的动能： 设系统有m个活动构件，则系统的总动能E：
1 m 2 2 E mi xsi ysi J sii2 2 i 1
“.”表示对时间的导数
由于xsi、ysi、i 都是广义坐标q1的函数，即 xsi xsi (q1 ) ysi ysi (q1 ) (q ) i 1 i 所以
H 13
（2）求等效转动惯量J e 根据动能等效原则，得：
1 1 2 2 2 J e12 J112 J 22 J H H m2vO2 2 2
2 2
2
vO2 2 H Je J 1 J2 J H m2 1 1 1 2 H 2 z3 2 H 由i23 1 3 2 3 H H z2 H 1 2 H 1 1 2 又 1 4
重庆大学机械系统动力学ppt1
lim
r_ P s
1 et ( s)
22
23
24
Joint Kinematical Descriptions
• Relation between two sets of orthogonal unit vectors in a plane
• The velocity may be expressed in terms of either set of unit vectors
Newton’s laws to obtain equations of motion
x( t ) A sin( nt ）
Then we will have:
( t ) n A cos(nt ） x
( t ) - An sin(nt ） x
2
The equation becomes:
• Like components are grouped:
cos sin sin cos
26
27
28
29
25
• Substitute the relation between two sets of unit vectors into the previous Eq.
e e e e
cos e sin e sin e cos e cos sin e sin cos e
• Choose the coordinates naturally fit known aspects of the motion
13
Cartesian coordinates
(完整版)机械工程专业英语
Lesson11、the branch of scientific analysis, which deals with motions, time, and forces, is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems, which change with time.对运动时间和作用力作出科学分析的分支成为力学。
他由静力学和动力学两部分组成。
静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个引述，动力学对事件而变化的系统进行分析。
2、Any two such forces acting on a body constitute a couple. The arm of the couple is the perpendicular distance between their lines of action, and the plane of the couple is the plane containing the two lines of action.作用在一个刚体上的两个这样的的里构成一个力偶。
力偶臂是这两个条作用线之间的垂直距离，力偶面是包含着两条作用线的平面。
3、Mechanics deal with two kinds of quantities: scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantities, on the other hand, possess direction as well as magnitude. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment, and momentum.力学涉及两种类型的量，标量和矢量。
机械设计专业英语
机械设计专业英语圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧cylindroid helical—coil torsion spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧cylindroid helical—coil compression spring圆柱凸轮cylindrical cam圆柱蜗杆cylindrical worm圆柱坐标操作器cylindrical coordinate manipulator圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧conoid helical—coil compression spring圆锥滚子tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构bevel gears圆锥角cone angle原动件driving link约束constraint约束条件constraint condition约束反力constraining force跃度jerk跃度曲线jerk diagram运动倒置kinematic inversion运动方案设计kinematic precept design运动分析kinematic analysis运动副kinematic pair运动构件moving link运动简图kinematic sketch运动链kinematic chain运动失真undercutting运动设计kinematic design运动周期cycle of motion运动综合kinematic synthesis运转不均匀系数coefficient of velocity fluctuation运动粘度kenematic viscosity载荷load载荷—变形曲线load—deformation curve 载荷—变形图load—deformation diagram 窄V 带narrow V belt毡圈密封felt ring seal展成法generating张紧力tension 张紧轮tension pulley振动vibration振动力矩shaking couple振动频率frequency of vibration振幅amplitude of vibration正切机构tangent mechanism正向运动学direct （forward）kinematics 正弦机构sine generator，scotch yoke织布机loom正应力、法向应力normal stress制动器brake直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear直角三角形right triangle直角坐标操作器Cartesian coordinate manipulator直径系数diametral quotient直径系列diameter series直廓环面蜗杆hindley worm直线运动linear motion直轴straight shaft质量mass质心center of mass执行构件executive link；working link质径积mass—radius product智能化设计intelligent design, ID中间平面mid-plane中心距center distance中心距变动center distance change中心轮central gear中径mean diameter终止啮合点final contact，end of contact 周节pitch周期性速度波动periodic speed fluctuation 周转轮系epicyclic gear train肘形机构toggle mechanism轴shaft轴承盖bearing cup轴承合金bearing alloy轴承座bearing block轴承高度bearing height轴承宽度bearing width轴承内径bearing bore diameter轴承寿命bearing life轴承套圈bearing ring轴承外径bearing outside diameter轴颈journal轴瓦、轴承衬bearing bush轴端挡圈shaft end ring轴环shaft collar轴肩shaft shoulder轴角shaft angle轴向axial direction轴向齿廓axial tooth profile轴向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent axial load轴向当量静载荷static equivalent axial load 轴向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic axial load rating轴向基本额定静载荷basic static axial load rating轴向接触轴承axial contact bearing轴向平面axial plane轴向游隙axial internal clearance轴向载荷axial load轴向载荷系数axial load factor轴向分力axial thrust load主动件driving link主动齿轮driving gear主动带轮driving pulley转动导杆机构whitworth mechanism转动副revolute (turning) pair转速swiveling speed ; rotating speed转动关节revolute joint转轴revolving shaft转子rotor转子平衡balance of rotor装配条件assembly condition锥齿轮bevel gear锥顶common apex of cone锥距cone distance锥轮bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear锥面包络圆柱蜗杆milled helicoids worm准双曲面齿轮hypoid gear子程序subroutine 子机构sub-mechanism自动化automation自锁self-locking自锁条件condition of self—locking自由度degree of freedom, mobility总重合度total contact ratio总反力resultant force总效率combined efficiency; overall efficiency组成原理theory of constitution组合齿形composite tooth form组合安装stack mounting组合机构combined mechanism阻抗力resistance最大盈亏功maximum difference work between plus and minus work纵向重合度overlap contact ratio纵坐标ordinate组合机构combined mechanism最少齿数minimum teeth number最小向径minimum radius作用力applied force坐标系coordinate frame行星轮变速装置planetary speed changing devices行星轮系planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechanism虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟现实技术virtual reality technology，VRT虚拟现实设计virtual reality design, VRD虚约束redundant （or passive）constraint 许用不平衡量allowable amount of unbalance许用压力角allowable pressure angle许用应力allowable stress; permissible stress 悬臂结构cantilever structure悬臂梁cantilever beam循环功率流circulating power load旋转力矩running torque旋转式密封rotating seal旋转运动rotary motion选型type selection压力pressure压力中心center of pressure压缩机compressor压应力compressive stress压力角pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器jaw (teeth）positive—contact coupling雅可比矩阵Jacobi matrix摇杆rocker液力传动hydrodynamic drive液力耦合器hydraulic couplers液体弹簧liquid spring液压无级变速hydraulic stepless speed changes液压机构hydraulic mechanism一般化运动链generalized kinematic chain 移动从动件reciprocating follower移动副prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节prismatic joint移动凸轮wedge cam盈亏功increment or decrement work应力幅stress amplitude应力集中stress concentration应力集中系数factor of stress concentration 应力图stress diagram应力—应变图stress-strain diagram优化设计optimal design油杯oil bottle油壶oil can油沟密封oily ditch seal有害阻力useless resistance有益阻力useful resistance有效拉力effective tension有效圆周力effective circle force有害阻力detrimental resistance余弦加速度运动cosine acceleration （or simple harmonic) motion预紧力preload原动机primer mover圆带round belt圆带传动round belt drive圆弧齿厚circular thickness 圆弧圆柱蜗杆hollow flank worm圆角半径fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器disc friction clutch圆盘制动器disc brake原动机prime mover原始机构original mechanism圆形齿轮circular gear圆柱滚子cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构barrel （cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧cylindroid helical-coil extension spring凸轮cam凸轮倒置机构inverse cam mechanism凸轮机构cam ，cam mechanism凸轮廓线cam profile凸轮廓线绘制layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线pitch curve凸缘联轴器flange coupling图册、图谱atlas图解法graphical method推程rise推力球轴承thrust ball bearing推力轴承thrust bearing退刀槽tool withdrawal groove退火anneal陀螺仪gyroscopeV 带V belt外力external force外圈outer ring外形尺寸boundary dimension万向联轴器Hooks coupling ; universal coupling外齿轮external gear弯曲应力beading stress弯矩bending moment腕部wrist往复移动reciprocating motion往复式密封reciprocating seal网上设计on-net design，OND微动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism 位移displacement位移曲线displacement diagram位姿pose , position and orientation稳定运转阶段steady motion period稳健设计robust design蜗杆worm蜗杆传动机构worm gearing蜗杆头数number of threads蜗杆直径系数diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构worm cam interval mechanism蜗杆旋向hands of worm蜗轮worm gear涡圈形盘簧power spring无级变速装置stepless speed changes devices无穷大infinite系杆crank arm, planet carrier现场平衡field balancing向心轴承radial bearing向心力centrifugal force相对速度relative velocity相对运动relative motion相对间隙relative gap象限quadrant橡皮泥plasticine细牙螺纹fine threads销pin消耗consumption小齿轮pinion小径minor diameter橡胶弹簧balata spring修正梯形加速度运动规律modified trapezoidal acceleration motion修正正弦加速度运动规律modified sine acceleration motion斜齿圆柱齿轮helical gear斜键、钩头楔键taper key泄漏leakage谐波齿轮harmonic gear谐波传动harmonic driving谐波发生器harmonic generator 斜齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the helical gear心轴spindle行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数advance—to return-time ratio 行星齿轮装置planetary transmission行星轮planet gear平衡机balancing machine平衡品质balancing quality平衡平面correcting plane平衡质量balancing mass平衡重counterweight平衡转速balancing speed平面副planar pair，flat pair平面机构planar mechanism平面运动副planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构planar linkage平面凸轮planar cam平面凸轮机构planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮parallel helical gears普通平键parallel key其他常用机构other mechanism in common use起动阶段starting period启动力矩starting torque气动机构pneumatic mechanism奇异位置singular position起始啮合点initial contact ，beginning of contact气体轴承gas bearing千斤顶jack嵌入键sunk key强迫振动forced vibration切齿深度depth of cut曲柄crank曲柄存在条件Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构crank shaper （guide—bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider—crank (or crank-slider) mechanism曲柄摇杆机构crank—rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear曲率curvature曲率半径radius of curvature曲面从动件curved-shoe follower曲线拼接curve matching曲线运动curvilinear motion曲轴crank shaft驱动力driving force驱动力矩driving moment （torque）全齿高whole depth权重集weight sets球ball球面滚子convex roller球轴承ball bearing球面副spheric pair球面渐开线spherical involute球面运动spherical motion球销副sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器polar coordinate manipulator 燃点spontaneous ignition热平衡heat balance; thermal equilibrium人字齿轮herringbone gear冗余自由度redundant degree of freedom柔轮flexspline柔性冲击flexible impulse；soft shock柔性制造系统flexible manufacturing system; FMS柔性自动化flexible automation润滑油膜lubricant film润滑装置lubrication device润滑lubrication润滑剂lubricant三角形花键serration spline三角形螺纹V thread screw三维凸轮three—dimensional cam三心定理Kennedy`s theorem砂轮越程槽grinding wheel groove砂漏hour—glass少齿差行星传动planetary drive with small teeth difference设计方法学design methodology设计变量design variable设计约束design constraints深沟球轴承deep groove ball bearing生产阻力productive resistance 升程rise升距lift螺旋角helix angle螺旋线helix ,helical line绿色设计green design ；design for environment马耳他机构Geneva wheel ; Geneva gear马耳他十字Maltese cross脉动无级变速pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力fluctuating circulating stress 脉动载荷fluctuating load铆钉rivet迷宫密封labyrinth seal密封seal密封带seal belt密封胶seal gum密封元件potted component密封装置sealing arrangement面对面安装face—to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计design for product`s life cycle，DPLC名义应力、公称应力nominal stress模块化设计modular design, MD模块式传动系统modular system模幅箱morphology box模糊集fuzzy set模糊评价fuzzy evaluation模数module摩擦friction摩擦角friction angle摩擦力friction force摩擦学设计tribology design, TD摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦力矩friction moment摩擦系数coefficient of friction摩擦圆friction circle磨损abrasion ;wear；scratching末端执行器end-effector目标函数objective function耐腐蚀性corrosion resistance耐磨性wear resistance挠性机构mechanism with flexible elements挠性转子flexible rotor内齿轮internal gear内齿圈ring gear内力internal force内圈inner ring能量energy能量指示图viscosity逆时针counterclockwise (or anticlockwise）啮出engaging-out啮合engagement，mesh, gearing啮合点contact points啮合角working pressure angle啮合线line of action啮合线长度length of line of action啮入engaging-in牛头刨床shaper凝固点freezing point; solidifying point扭转应力torsion stress扭矩moment of torque扭簧helical torsion spring诺模图NomogramO 形密封圈密封O ring seal盘形凸轮disk cam盘形转子disk-like rotor抛物线运动parabolic motion疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength偏置式offset偏（心) 距offset distance偏心率eccentricity ratio偏心质量eccentric mass偏距圆offset circle偏心盘eccentric偏置滚子从动件offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件offset knife—edge follower 偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider—crank mechanism拼接matching评价与决策evaluation and decision频率frequency平带flat belt平带传动flat belt driving平底从动件flat—face follower平底宽度face width 平分线bisector平均应力average stress平均中径mean screw diameter平均速度average velocity平衡balance可靠度degree of reliability可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design, RD空气弹簧air spring空间机构spatial mechanism空间连杆机构spatial linkage空间凸轮机构spatial cam空间运动副spatial kinematic pair空间运动链spatial kinematic chain空转idle宽度系列width series框图block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力centrifugal force离心应力centrifugal stress离合器clutch离心密封centrifugal seal理论廓线pitch curve理论啮合线theoretical line of action隶属度membership力force力多边形force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构force—drive (or force—closed）cam mechanism力矩moment力平衡equilibrium力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple连杆connecting rod，coupler连杆机构linkage连杆曲线coupler-curve连心线line of centers链chain链传动装置chain gearing链轮sprocket ；sprocket-wheel ；sprocket gear ；chain wheel联组V 带tight-up V belt联轴器coupling ; shaft coupling两维凸轮two—dimensional cam临界转速critical speed六杆机构six—bar linkage龙门刨床double Haas planer轮坯blank轮系gear train螺杆screw螺距thread pitch螺母screw nut螺旋锥齿轮helical bevel gear螺钉screws螺栓bolts螺纹导程lead螺纹效率screw efficiency螺旋传动power screw螺旋密封spiral seal螺纹thread （of a screw）螺旋副helical pair螺旋机构screw mechanism基本额定寿命basic rating life基于实例设计case—based design，CBD基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿距base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle基圆柱base cylinder基圆锥base cone急回机构quick—return mechanism急回特性quick-return characteristics急回系数advance—to return—time ratio急回运动quick-return motion棘轮ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism棘爪pawl极限位置extreme (or limiting）position极位夹角crank angle between extreme (or limiting）positions计算机辅助设计computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing，CAM计算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturing system，CIMS计算力矩factored moment；calculation moment 计算弯矩calculated bending moment加权系数weighting efficient加速度acceleration加速度分析acceleration analysis加速度曲线acceleration diagram尖点pointing; cusp尖底从动件knife-edge follower间隙backlash间歇运动机构intermittent motion mechanism减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer减摩性anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面involute helicoid渐开线involute渐开线齿廓involute profile渐开线齿轮involute gear渐开线发生线generating line of involute渐开线方程involute equation渐开线函数involute function渐开线蜗杆involute worm渐开线压力角pressure angle of involute渐开线花键involute spline简谐运动simple harmonic motion键key键槽keyway交变应力repeated stress交变载荷repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动cross—belt drive交错轴斜齿轮crossed helical gears胶合scoring角加速度angular acceleration角速度angular velocity角速比angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承angular contact ball bearing 角接触推力轴承angular contact thrust bearing角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing角接触轴承angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽hinge校正平面correcting plane接触应力contact stress接触式密封contact seal阶梯轴multi—diameter shaft结构structure结构设计structural design截面section节点pitch point节距circular pitch；pitch of teeth节线pitch line节圆pitch circle节圆齿厚thickness on pitch circle节圆直径pitch diameter节圆锥pitch cone节圆锥角pitch cone angle解析设计analytical design紧边tight-side紧固件fastener径节diametral pitch径向radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷static equivalent radial load 径向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic radial load rating径向基本额定静载荷basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承radial contact bearing径向平面radial plane径向游隙radial internal clearance径向载荷radial load径向载荷系数radial load factor径向间隙clearance静力static force静平衡static balance静载荷static load静密封static seal局部自由度passive degree of freedom矩阵matrix矩形螺纹square threaded form锯齿形螺纹buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器square—jaw positive—contact clutch绝对尺寸系数absolute dimensional factor绝对运动absolute motion绝对速度absolute velocity 均衡装置load balancing mechanism抗压强度compression strength开口传动open-belt drive开式链open kinematic chain开链机构open chain mechanism高度系列height series功work工况系数application factor工艺设计technological design工作循环图working cycle diagram工作机构operation mechanism工作载荷external loads工作空间working space工作应力working stress工作阻力effective resistance工作阻力矩effective resistance moment公法线common normal line公共约束general constraint公制齿轮metric gears功率power功能分析设计function analyses design共轭齿廓conjugate profiles共轭凸轮conjugate cam构件link鼓风机blower固定构件fixed link；frame固体润滑剂solid lubricant关节型操作器jointed manipulator惯性力inertia force惯性力矩moment of inertia ，shaking moment惯性力平衡balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡partial balance of shaking force惯性主矩resultant moment of inertia惯性主失resultant vector of inertia冠轮crown gear广义机构generation mechanism广义坐标generalized coordinate轨迹生成path generation轨迹发生器path generator滚刀hob滚道raceway滚动体rolling element滚动轴承rolling bearing滚动轴承代号rolling bearing identification code滚针needle roller滚针轴承needle roller bearing滚子roller滚子轴承roller bearing滚子半径radius of roller滚子从动件roller follower滚子链roller chain滚子链联轴器double roller chain coupling 滚珠丝杆ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器roller clutch过度切割undercutting函数发生器function generator函数生成function generation含油轴承oil bearing耗油量oil consumption耗油量系数oil consumption factor赫兹公式H. Hertz equation合成弯矩resultant bending moment合力resultant force合力矩resultant moment of force黑箱black box横坐标abscissa互换性齿轮interchangeable gears花键spline滑键、导键feather key滑动轴承sliding bearing滑动率sliding ratio滑块slider环面蜗杆toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧annular spring缓冲装置shocks; shock—absorber灰铸铁grey cast iron回程return回转体平衡balance of rotors混合轮系compound gear train积分integrate机电一体化系统设计mechanical—electrical integration system design机构mechanism 机构分析analysis of mechanism机构平衡balance of mechanism机构学mechanism机构运动设计kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构组成constitution of mechanism机架frame，fixed link机架变换kinematic inversion机器machine机器人robot机器人操作器manipulator机器人学robotics技术过程technique process技术经济评价technical and economic evaluation技术系统technique system机械machinery机械创新设计mechanical creation design，MCD机械系统设计mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计dynamic design of machinery 机械动力学dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计modern machine design机械系统mechanical system机械利益mechanical advantage机械平衡balance of machinery机械手manipulator机械设计machine design; mechanical design 机械特性mechanical behavior机械调速mechanical speed governors机械效率mechanical efficiency机械原理theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数coefficient of speed fluctuation机械无级变速mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构fundamental mechanism端面transverse plane端面参数transverse parameters端面齿距transverse circular pitch端面齿廓transverse tooth profile端面重合度transverse contact ratio端面模数transverse module端面压力角transverse pressure angle锻造forge对称循环应力symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件radial （or in—line ）translating follower对心移动从动件radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构in-line slider—crank (or crank-slider）mechanism多列轴承multi—row bearing多楔带poly V-belt多项式运动规律polynomial motion多质量转子rotor with several masses惰轮idle gear额定寿命rating life额定载荷load ratingII 级杆组dyad发生线generating line发生面generating plane法面normal plane法面参数normal parameters法面齿距normal circular pitch法面模数normal module法面压力角normal pressure angle法向齿距normal pitch法向齿廓normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆straight sided normal worm法向力normal force反馈式组合feedback combining反向运动学inverse （or backward）kinematics反转法kinematic inversion反正切Arctan范成法generating cutting仿形法form cutting方案设计、概念设计concept design, CD 防振装置shockproof device飞轮flywheel飞轮矩moment of flywheel非标准齿轮nonstandard gear非接触式密封non-contact seal非周期性速度波动aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮non-circular gear粉末合金powder metallurgy分度线reference line；standard pitch line分度圆reference circle；standard （cutting）pitch circle分度圆柱导程角lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角helix angle at reference cylinder分母denominator分子numerator分度圆锥reference cone；standard pitch cone分析法analytical method封闭差动轮系planetary differential复合铰链compound hinge复合式组合compound combining复合轮系compound （or combined）gear train复合平带compound flat belt复合应力combined stress复式螺旋机构Compound screw mechanism 复杂机构complex mechanism杆组Assur group干涉interference刚度系数stiffness coefficient刚轮rigid circular spline钢丝软轴wire soft shaft刚体导引机构body guidance mechanism刚性冲击rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子rigid rotor刚性轴承rigid bearing刚性联轴器rigid coupling高度系列height series高速带high speed belt高副higher pair格拉晓夫定理Grashoff`s law根切undercutting公称直径nominal diameter阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench板簧flat leaf spring半圆键woodruff key变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar摆动从动件oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律cycloidal motion摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact保持架cage背对背安装back—to—back arrangement背锥back cone ；normal cone背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale比热容specific heat capacity闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism臂部arm变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed 变速speed change变速齿轮change gear ；change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear表面质量系数superficial mass factor表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer表面粗糙度surface roughness并联式组合combination in parallel 并联机构parallel mechanism并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism 并行工程concurrent engineering并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance不平衡imbalance （or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator波数number of waves补偿compensation参数化设计parameterization design，PD 残余应力residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ; Maltese cross 槽数Geneva numerate槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism 差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism；mechanism in common use车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear齿轮变速箱speed—changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion—shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ，hobbing cutter齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number齿数比gear ratio齿条rack齿条插刀rack cutter；rack—shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points重合度contact ratio冲床punch传动比transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置gearing；transmission gear传动系统driven system传动角transmission angle传动轴transmission shaft串联式组合combination in series串联式组合机构series combined mechanism串级调速cascade speed control创新innovation ; creation创新设计creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷normal load唇形橡胶密封lip rubber seal磁流体轴承magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮driven pulley从动件driven link, follower从动件平底宽度width of flat-face从动件停歇follower dwell从动件运动规律follower motion从动轮driven gear粗线bold line粗牙螺纹coarse thread大齿轮gear wheel打包机packer 打滑slipping带传动belt driving带轮belt pulley带式制动器band brake单列轴承single row bearing单向推力轴承single—direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节single universal joint单位矢量unit vector当量齿轮equivalent spur gear; virtual gear 当量齿数equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷equivalent load刀具cutter导数derivative倒角chamfer导热性conduction of heat导程lead导程角lead angle等加等减速运动规律parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion 等速运动规律uniform motion；constant velocity motion等径凸轮conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮constant—breadth cam等效构件equivalent link等效力equivalent force等效力矩equivalent moment of force等效量equivalent等效质量equivalent mass等效转动惯量equivalent moment of inertia 等效动力学模型dynamically equivalent model底座chassis低副lower pair点划线chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀pitting垫圈gasket垫片密封gasket seal碟形弹簧belleville spring顶隙bottom clearance定轴轮系ordinary gear train; gear train withfixed axes动力学dynamics动密封kinematical seal动能dynamic energy动力粘度dynamic viscosity动力润滑dynamic lubrication动平衡dynamic balance动平衡机dynamic balancing machine 动态特性dynamic characteristics动态分析设计dynamic analysis design 动压力dynamic reaction动载荷dynamic load。
机械工程专业英语教程
statics静力学，静止状态
dynamics动力学，原动力，动力特性
i.e.那就是，即（=that is）
gravitational重力的
mating配合（的），配套（的），相连（的）
mating surface，啮合表面，配合表面
e.g.例如（=for example）
couple力偶，力矩
perpendicular垂直的；垂直，正交，垂线
inertia惯性，惯量，性，不活动
celestial天空的，天体的
incapable无能力的，不能的，无用的，无资格的
deformation变形，形变，扭曲，应变
deformable可变形的，应变的
acceleration加速度，加速度值，促进，加快
gear齿轮，齿轮传动装置
shaft轴
meshing啮合，咬合，钩住
bearing轴承，支承，承载
lever杠杆，操纵杆，手柄，把手
pulley滑轮，皮带轮，滚筒
cam凸轮，偏心轮，样板，靠模，仿形板
magnitude大小，尺寸，量度，数值
compose组成，构成
journal bearing滑动轴承
squeeze挤压，压缩；压榨，挤压
squeeze out挤压，压出
flaking薄片，表面剥落，压碎；易剥落的
spall削，割，打碎，剥落，脱皮；裂片，碎片
noncoincideant不重合的，不一致的，不符合的
parallel并行的，平行的，相同的；平行线
resultant合的，组合的，总的；合力，合成矢量，组合
sense感觉，检测，显示，方向
机械工程英语第一课
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics The branch of scientific analysis which deals with motions, time, and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems which change with time.对运动、时间和作用力进行科学分析的分支称为力学。
它由静力学和动力学两部分组成。
静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个因素，动力学对随时间而变化的系统进行分析。
Forces are transmitted into machine members through mating surfaces, e. g., from a gear to a shaft or from one gear through meshing teeth to another gear, from a V belt to a pulley, or from a cam to a follower. It is necessary to know the magnitudes of these forces for a variety of reasons. The distribution of the forces at the boundaries or mating surfaces must be reasonable, and their intensities must be within the working limits of the materials composing the surfaces. For example, if the force operating on a journal bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal－to－metal contact, overheating, and rapid failure of the bearing. If the forces between gear teeth are too large, the oil film may be squeezed out from between them. This could result in flaking and spalling of the metal, noise, rough motion, and eventual failure. In the study of mechanics we are principally interested in determining the magnitude, direction, and location of the forces.力通过接触表面传到机器中的各构件上。
机械专业英语英语考试必备
The branch of scient ific a nalysis which deals with motions, time, and forc es is called mec hanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dy namic s. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary syst ems, i.e., those in w hic h time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with syst ems w hic h c hang e with time.对运动、时间和作用力做出科学分析的分支称为力学。
它由静力学和动力学两部分组成。
静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个因素，动力学对随时间而变化的系统进行分析。
Forces are transmitted into mac hine members through mating surfac es, e. g., from a g ear to a shaft or from one g ear through meshing teeth to another gear, from a V belt to a pulley, or from a ca m to a follower.力通过配合表面传到机器中的各构件上。
例如，从齿轮传到轴或者从齿轮通过啮合的轮齿传到另一个齿轮，从V带传到带轮，或者从凸轮传到从动件。
If the f orces between g ear teeth are too large, the oil film may be squeezed out from between them. This could r esult in f laking and spalling of the metal, noise, rough motion, and ev entual failure.如果齿轮间相啮合的齿与齿之间的力过大，就会将油膜从齿间挤压出来。
机械英语知识点总结大全
机械英语知识点总结大全一、Basic Mechanical Engineering 基本机械工程1. Mechanical Engineering 机械工程Mechanical engineering is the branch of engineering that involves the design, production, and operation of machinery. 机械工程是涉及机械设计、生产和操作的工程分支。
2. Force and Motion 力和运动Force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. 力是任何相互作用，当没有阻力时，会改变物体的运动。
3. Simple Machines 简单机械A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. 简单机械是一种可以改变力的方向或大小的机械设备。
4. Kinematics 运动学Kinematics is the branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies, and systems of bodies without considering the forces that cause the motion. 运动学是描述点、物体和物体系统运动的经典力学分支，不考虑引起运动的力。
5. Dynamics 动力学Dynamics is the study of forces and torques and their effect on motion. 动力学是力和转矩以及它们对运动的影响的研究。
机械原理中英文对照
Pressure angle
压力角 Pitch curve
intersection Tangent
交点 切线
Envelope Normal
连续的
瞬心 反转法 顺时针 逆时针
等分 射线 图解法 解析法 (凸轮)理论轮廓曲
线 包络线 法线;法向的
5
4 Gears
Spur gears
External gears Internal gears Helical gears Herringbone gears Pinion rack Bevel gears Worm Worm wheel Conjugate involute
基圆柱 Face contact ratio
轴
Virtual gear
平行 Virtual number of teeth
端面重合度 轴向重合度
当量齿轮 当量齿数
Breadth of tooth, face width, tooth breadth, tooth width
齿宽 Slant
倾斜;倾斜度
齿轮副
机架 原动件 从动件 输出件 比例尺 自由度 坐标（系）
约束 低副 高副 2 虚约束
2 Analysis and
Synthesis of Linkage
Linkage
Four-bar linkage Crank Rocker Coupler Crank-rocker linkage Double-crank linkage Double-rocker linkage Crank-slider linkage Crank-guide linkage
Mechanisms
Cam
Follower Translate Oscillate Roller Knife-edge follower Flat-faced follower In-line Offset Profile Contact stress Motion curves
机械系统动力学课程简介及大纲
课程内容简介课程中文名称：机械系统动力学课程英文名称：Dynamics of mechanical system开课单位：机电工程学院任课教师及职称(3名以上)：开课学期：学分：总学时：适用专业：机械制造及其自动化课程内容简介（400字以内）：本课程介绍机械系统中常见的动力学问题、机械动力学问题的类型和解决问题的一般过程，讲述刚性机械系统的动力学分析与设计；机构惯性力平衡的原理与方法；含弹性构件的机械系统的动力学；含柔性转子机械的平衡原理与方法；含间隙副机械的动力学；含变质量机械系统动力学以及机械动力学数值仿真数学基础以及相关软件的仿真实例讲解。
通过本课程的学习，使学生能从系统的角度和动力学的观点了解机械产品动态设计的基础知识，掌握当前机械动力学分析的基本方法，学会运用机械多刚体动力学进行复杂机构的动力学分析与综合运用机械弹性动力学和多柔体系统动力学方法对各类典型机构进行弹性动力分析及综合，具备分析和解决工程实际问题的能力。
教材及主要参考书目：1.杨义勇.机械系统动力学.北京: 清华大学出版社，2009.2.陈立平,张云清,任卫群等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程.北京：清华大学出版社，2005.3.徐业宜.高等学校试用教材.北京：机械工业出版社,1991.4.蒋伟.机械动力学分析.北京：中国传媒大学出版社,2005.5.邵忍平. 机械系统动力学.北京：机械工业出版社,20056.唐锡宽,金德闻.机械动力学.北京:高等教育出版社,1983.课程教学大纲课程中文名称：机械系统动力学课程英文名称：Dynamics of mechanical system学分和学时分配：教学目的：本课程着重培养学生对复杂机械系统动力学建模及分析的能力。
通过本课程学习，要求学生掌握当前机械动力学分析的基本方法，学会运用机械多刚体动力学进行复杂机构的动力学分析与综合运用机械弹性动力学和多柔体系统动力学方法对各类典型机构进行弹性动力分析及综合，具备分析和解决工程实际问题的能力。
机械类英文课程英文课程_New
机械类英文课程英文课程机床电路Machine Tool Circuit机床电器Machine Tool Electric Appliance机床电气控制Electrical Control of Machinery Tools机床动力学Machine Tool Dynamics机床设计Machine Tool design机床数字控制Digital Control of Machine Tool机床液压传动Machinery Tool Hydraulic Transmission机电传动Mechanical & Electrical Transmission机电传动控制Mechanical & electrical Transmission Control机电耦合系统Mechanical & Electrical Combination System机电系统计算机仿真Computer Simulation of Mechanic/Electrical Systems 机电一体化Mechanical & Electrical Integration机构学Structuring机器人Robot机器人控制技术Robot Control Technology机械产品学Mechanic Products机械产品造型设计Shape Design of Mechanical Products机械工程控制基础Basic Mechanic Engineering Control机械加工自动化Automation in Mechanical Working机械可靠性Mechanical Reliability机械零件Mechanical Elements机械零件设计Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design机械零件设计基础Basis of Machinery Elements Design机械设计Mechanical Designing机械设计基础Basis of Mechanical Designing机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design机械设计原理Principle of Mechanical Designing机械式信息传输机构Mechanical Information Transmission Device机械原理Principle of Mechanics机械原理和机械零件Mechanism & Machinery机械原理及机械设计Mechanical Designing机械原理及应用Mechanical Principle & Mechanical Applications机械原理课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle机械原理与机械零件Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Elements 机械原理与机械设计Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Design机械噪声控制Control of Mechanical Noise机械制造概论Introduction to Mechanical Manufacture机械制造工艺学Technology of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础Fundamental of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础(金属工艺学) Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing (Meta机械制造系统自动化Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System 机械制造中计算机控制Computer Control in Mechanical Manufacture 机制工艺及夹具Mechanical Technology and Clamps计算机语言处理Computer Language Processing计算机原理Principle of Computer Engineering计算机在化学中的应用Application of Computer in Chemistry 计算机组成原理Principles of Computer Composition计算力学Computational Mechanics计算力学基础Basis of Computational Mechanics计算流体Fluid Computation继电保护新技术New Technology of Relay Protection继电保护原理Principles of Relay Protection继电保护运行Relay-Protected Operation检测技术Measurement Technique检测系统动力学Detection System Dynamics检测与控制Detection & Controling简明社会学Concise Sociology简明世界史Brief World History减振设计Vibration Absorption Designing渐近方法Asymptotical Method建筑材料Building Materials建筑初步Elementary Architecture建筑防火Building Fire Protection建筑概论Introduction to Architecture建筑构造Architectural Construction建筑结构Architectural Structure建筑结构抗震设计Anti-quake Architectural Structure Design 建筑经济与企业管理Architectural Economy & Enterprise Management建筑力学Architectural Mechanics建筑名作欣赏Appreciation of Architectural Works建筑入门Elementary Architecture建筑摄影Architectural Photographing建筑设备Architectural Equipment建筑设计Architectural Design建筑施工Construction Technology建筑绘画Architectural Drawing建筑物理Architecural Physics建筑制图Architectural Graphing胶体化学Colloid Chemistry交流调速系统Alternating Current Governor System教育心理学Pedagogic Psychology接口与控制器Interface and Controler接口与通讯Interface and Communication结构程序设计Structural Program Designing结构动力学Structural Dynamics结构化学Structural Chemistry结构检验Structural Testing结构力学Structural Mechanics结构素描Structure Sketching结构塑性分析Structural Plasticity Analysis结构稳定Stability Analysis of Structures结构先进技术Advanced Structuring Technology结构优化理论Optimal Structure Theory结构优化设计Optimal Structure Designing解析几何Analytic Geometry介质波导Medium Wave Guide介质测量Medium Measurement介质光学Medium Optics金属X射线学Metal X-Ray Analysis金属材料焊接Metal Material Welding金属材料学Metal Material Science金属材料与热处理Metal Material & Heat Treatment 金属腐蚀与保护Metal Erosion & Protection金属腐蚀原理Principles of Metal Erosion金属工艺学Metal Technics金属焊接性基础Elementary Metal Weldability金属焊接原理Principles of Metal Welding金属机械性能Mechanical Property of Metal金属力学性能Metal Mechanic Property金属切削机床Metal Cutting Machine Tool金属切削原理及刀具Principles of Metal Cutting & Cutters金属熔焊原理Principles of Metal Molten Welding金属熔焊原理及工艺Principles of Metal Molten Welding & Technique 金属熔炼Metal Melting金属塑性成形原理Principles of Metal Forming转贴：大学课程英语翻译（3）(15千字)(grgr 6-22 20:36 阅读27)金属物理性能Physical Property of Metal金属学Metallography金属学与热处理Metallography & Heat Treatment金属学原理Principles of Metallography金相分析Metallographic Analysis金相技术Metallographic Techniques近代光学测试技术Modern Optical Testing Technology近代光学计量技术Modern Optical Measuring Technology近代经济史Modern History of Economics近代物理实验Lab of Modern Physics近世代数Modern Algebra晶体管原理Principles of Transistors晶体光学Crystallographic Optics精密测量技术Technology of Precision Measurement精密电气测量Precise Electric Measurement精密合金Precise Alloy精密机械CAD CAD for Precision Machinery精密机械课程设计Course Design for Precision Machinery 精密机械零件Precision Machinery Elements精密机械设计基础Elementary Precision Machinery Design 精密机械学Precision Machinery精细有机合成Minute Organic Synthesis经济地理Economical Geography经济法Law of Economy经济法学Law of Economy经济分析基础Basis of Economic Analysis经济控制论Economical Cybernetics经济社会学Economic Sociology经济新闻Economic News经济学说史History of Economics经济学原理Principles of Economics经济预测Economic Predicting经济预测与管理奖惩Economic Predicting & Management经济原理Principles of Economy经济运筹学Economic Operation Research 经济增长理论Theory of Economic Growth 经营管理Operation Management经营管理学Operation Management静力学Statics纠错编码Error Correction of Coding决策分析Analysis of Policy Making绝缘在线检测Insulation Live Testing军事理论Military Theory。
机械工程专业英语PPT课件
Bearing
A device that supports, guides, and reduces the friction of
motion between fixed and moving machine parts. 轴承：在机器的固定和运动部件之间起支撑、引导和减 少运动摩擦的装置。
15
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Lesson 1 Basic Concept in Mechanics
Terminology 术语,专有名词
[,tə:mi'nɔlədʒi]
Text tour
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
Terminology
Gear 齿轮, 传动装置
1.A toothed machine part, that meshes with another toothed part to transmit motion or to change speed or direction. 齿轮：有齿的机器零件，与另一个有齿零件相啮合，从而传 递运动或者改变运动的方向或速度。
唐一平主编：《先进制造技术》北京：机械工业出 版社，2004；
王慧莉，贾卫国编《国际学术交流英语》大连：大 连理工大学出版社，2005
主要教学内容
Lesson 1 Basic Concept in Mechanics Lesson 2 Forces and Their Effects Lesson 3 Overview of Engineering Mechanics Lesson 4 Shafts and Couplings Lesson 5 Shafts and Associated Parts Lesson 6 Belts, Clutches, Brakes, and Chains Lesson 7 Fasteners and Springs Lesson 14 Physical Properties of Materials Lesson 29 Tolerances and Surface Roughness Lesson 35 Coordinate Measuring Machine Lesson 36 Lathes
动力机械及工程热物理 英文
Mechanical Engineering and ThermodynamicsMechanical engineering and thermodynamics are two closely related fields that deal with the design, analysis, and optimization of energy conversion systems. Mechanical engineering focuses on the design, construction, and operation of machines and mechanical systems, while thermodynamics studies the transfer of heat and work between systems and their surroundings.In mechanical engineering, the focus is on understanding the principles of mechanics, materials science, and fluid dynamics to create efficient and reliable machines and systems. This involves the study of kinematics, dynamics, strength of materials, and machine design, among other topics.Thermodynamics, on the other hand, deals with the energy transformations that occur within systems and their interactions with the external environment. It studies the laws of thermodynamics, such as the zeroth, first, second, and third laws, which govern the behavior of heat and work. Thermodynamics is crucial in understanding how energy is converted and transferred in engines, turbines, refrigeration systems, and other thermal devices.The intersection of mechanical engineering and thermodynamics lies in the design and analysis of thermal machines and systems. This involves understanding how heat is converted into mechanical work and vice versa, as well as optimizing the performance of these systems. Engineers in these fields must have a strong grasp of both disciplines to create efficient and sustainable energy conversion systems.机械工程和热力学是两个紧密相关的领域，它们致力于能源转换系统的设计、分析和优化。
机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (14)[10页]
![机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (14)[10页]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8c97c2195acfa1c7ab00cc45.png)
由于工程设计是为了建立一些不会在其预期使用寿 命内失效的系统，所以目标是对于所选用的材料和 使用环境，应力必须始终处于安全范围内。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
5
• A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, have complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation.[3]
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
2
• Translation • Motion of a body in which every point of the body moves parallel
to and the same distance as every other point of the body; nonrotational displacement.
Dynamics The branch of mechanics that is concerned with the effects of forces on the motion of a body or system of bodies, especially of forces that do not originate within the system itself. Also called kinetics 动力学：力学的分支，有关各种力量在运动体或运动体系统上 的作用，尤指非系统本身产生的力。也作 kinetics
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Rewriting:
x(t) a1(cosnt j sinnt) +a2 (cosnt j sinnt)
(a1 a2 ) cosnt j(a1 - a2 ) sin nt
Giving:
x(t) A1 cosnt A2 sinnt
Rearrange to yield the familiar equation of motion:
➢Physical model
➢Mathematical model
Restoring force
Spring
Damping element
Damping force
Undamped Free Vibration
vibration ➢ Apply numerical tools to obtain the time response
of SDOF system
Single degree of freedom systems
• When one variable can describe the motion of a structure or a system of bodies, then we may call the system a 1-D system or a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system.
3. To understand concepts of modal analysis. 4. To understand concepts in passive and active vibration
control systems.
Prerequisites: The most important prerequisite is ordinary differential equations. You should be prepared to review undergraduate differential equations if necessary.
Chapter 1 Single degree of freedom systems
Objectives ➢ Recognize a SDOF system ➢ Be able to solve the free vibration equation
of a SDOF system with and without damping ➢ Understand the effect of damping on the system
➢
x(0) x0, x&(0) v0
➢Solving ODE
Proposed solution:
x(t) aet
Into ODE you get the characteristic equation:
2aet k aet 0
m
Giving:
2 k
➢ COURSE GOALS:
1. To become proficient at modeling vibrating mechanical systems.
2. To perform dynamic analysis such as free and forced response of SDOF and MDOF systems.
➢What is mechanical system?
Structure Mechanism
Machine
➢ Development stages of dynamics of mechanical systems:
Static analysis Kineto-static analysis Dynamic analysis Elasto-dynamic analysis
➢ Why to study dynamics of mechanical system?
Higher speed Higher precision More flexible More complicated
When a forcing frequency is equal to a natural frequency
L
k
Unloaded Spring
At equilibrium, kst = mg
st
m
Body in equilibrium
(at rest)
x
Body
m
in
motion
k(st + x )
x
=
mg
m.x.
Sum forces:
F : mg -kst x mx
➢What is dynamics？
Dynamics focuses on understanding why objects move the way they do.
Dynamics = Kinematics + Kinetics
Kinematics is the study of the motion of point masses or rigid bodies. Kinetics is the study of the forces which cause and affect motion.
Recall
e j cos( ) j sin( )
sin( ) sin( )cos( ) cos()sin( )
Manipulating the solution
Solution we have: x(t) a1e jnt a2e- jnt
m
j kt
-j k t
x(t) a1e m a2e m
The proposed solution
becomes:
j k
m
For simplicity, let’s define:
n
k m
Giving:
x(t) a1e jnt a2e- jnt
Let’s manipulate the solution