英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧
常见国际商务合同的翻译技巧handout
常见国际商务合同的翻译技巧handout一、合同翻译的准则1. 准确严谨Licensee will furnish to Party A copies of insurance policies and/or the endorsements.2. 规范通顺Expressiveness and Smoothness兹经买卖双方同意按下列规定的条款出售和购买此货。
二、句子翻译技巧1.主语的转换1）主语转换为谓语Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order, otherwise the Buyer must at its opinion cancel the order without cost to him, and charge the Seller for any loss incurred as the res ult of the latter’s failure to make such a delivery.Payment shall be made by net cash against sight draft with Bill of Lading attached showing the shipment of the goods. Such payment shall be made through the Bank of China, Dalian Branch. The Bill of Lading shall not be delivered to the Buyer until such draft is paid.Partial shipments shall be allowed upon presentation of the clean set of shipping document.2）主语转化为宾语Should all or part of the Contract and its appendices be unable to be fulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the breaching party shall bear the responsibilities thus caused.If any terms and conditions of this Contract are breached and the breach is not corrected by the breaching party within 30 days after a written notice thereof is given by the other party, then thenonbreaching party shall have the option to terminate this Contract by giving a written notice thereof to the breaching party.3）主语转为定语Each party is liable for the Joint Venture Company only up to the limit of the capital subscribed by it.2. 宾语的转换1）宾语转为主语The Seller shall deliver the Equipment and Materials in accordance with the Contract from the 19 (nineteenth) month to the 27 (twenty-seventy) month from the date of signing the Contract in 4 (four) lots.Party A shall send twice its technical personnel to Party B’s factory for training, and the total number of the participants shall not exceed 200 (excluding the interpreter).2）宾语转换为谓语The Licensor will, at its own cost, take such actions to eliminate infringement of the Licensed Patents as may be reasonably necessary and proper in its own opinion.The Seller shall make delivery of the goods strictly within the period stipulated herein. In the event of delay in delivery, the Buyer may cancel the Contract and claim damages for breach of the Contract.3. 表语的转换1）Agent oriented toward a single geographic market searching for products to import and market in the home Country is an import agent.The date of registration of the Joint Venture Company shall be the date of the establishment of the board of directors of the Joint V enture Company.2）表语转为谓语In the course of arbitration, the Contract shall be continuously executed by both parties except the part of the Contract which is under arbitration.Whereas Party B is in the real estate business, and the two Parties are in consideration of the mutual convenances and agrees to enter into this Contract under the terms and conditions set forth as follows:4. 定语的转换1）定语转为谓语The sample of the machine submitted by the Seller is featured by novel shape, easy operation, high calorific efficiency and low fuel consumption.We look forward to an ever increasing volume of business with your glass factories.We claim from shortage in weight and low quality on the consignment of w heat shipped per s.s. “Princess Victoria”.2）定语转为状语Any disputes arising from the execution of, or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly consultations between both Parties. In case no settlement can be reached through consultations, the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration.The Joint Venture’s products to be sold in China may be handled by the Chinese Materials and Commercial Departments by means of agency or exclusive sales, or direct sale by the Joint Venture Company.5. 状语的转换1）状语转化为主语The conditions for establishment of the Joint Venture Company and the total amount of investment and registeredcapital are stipulated in this Contract.For the purpose of this Contract, the Party B desires to introduce the Patent and engage in production cooperation in accordance with the technical know-how specified in the Patent.The products fair will be held at the Standard Electrical Co., Madrid, Spain with the Buyer’s representatives.2）状语转化为汉语的定语In this Contract, the Packing Clause stipulates for one gross to the polythene bag, covered with paper box, 50 paper boxes to an inner carton, 2 inner cartons to a wooden case.三、被动语态的翻译1.被动语态的转换翻译1）动作的发出者转化为汉语主语This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.If any terms and conditions to this Contract are breached and the breach is not corrected by any party within 15 days after a written notice thereof is given by the other party, then the non-breaching party shall have the option to terminate this Contract by giving a written notice thereof to the breaching party.All the payments shall be made in the U.S. Currency by the Buyer to the Seller by telegraphic transfer to the Seller’s designated account with the Bank of China, Beijing, China.2) 英语句中的某一状语转换为主语The cost of the nonreturnable containers of the goods sold under this Contract is included in the prices herein specified.The production design, technology of manufacturing, means of testing materials prescription, standard of quality and trainingof personnel shall stipulated in Chapter 4 in this contract.The establishment, remuneration and the expenses of the staff of the preparation and construction office, when agreed by both parties, shall be covered in the project budget.3）把英语句子中的主语转化为宾语In case the quality, quantity or weight of the goods is found not in conformity to those stipulated in this Contract after reinspection by the China Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall return the goods to, or lodge claim against the Seller for compensation of losses upon the strength of Inspection Certificate issued by the said Bureau, with the exception of those claims for which the insurers or the carriers are liable.Upon the expiration of the duration or termination before the date of expiration of the Joint Venture, liquidation shall be carried out according to relevant law. The liquidated assets shall be distributed in accordance with the proportion of investment contributed by Party A and Party B.2. 被动语态的顺序1)按原句语序译成汉语主动语态The Seller shall not be held responsible for late delivery or non-delivery of the goods owing to generally recognized Force Majeure causes.The Seller shall be entitled to terminate this Contract in the event of failure by the Buyer to comply with any terms or conditions stated in this Article.2）按原句语序译成汉语被动语态The term for the technology transfer agreement is signed by Joint Company and Party B and it shall be approved by theapproval authority.All the equipment and materials supplied by the Seller shall be inspected by the Buyer and the quality certificates and inspection and test records shall be issued by the manufacturer.3）it is +p.p.It is mutually agreed that the certificate of quality and quantity or weight issued by themanufacturer shall be part of the document for payment with the adopted Letter of Credit.It is essentially stressed that the Buyers are requested to sign and return the duplicate of this Contract within 3 days from the date of receipt. In the event of failure to do this , the Sellers reserve the right to cancel the Contract.It is strictly understood that the number of employees to be trained by the Contractor at any one time shall no more than (…)四、从句的翻译1. 状语从句的翻译1）条件状语从句的翻译If 若，如果If the Force Majeure event lasts over 40 days, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract or the undelivered part of the Contract.If any change is required regarding the terms and conditions to this Agreement, then both parties shall negotiate in order to find a suitable solution, provided however, that any change to this Agreement shall be subject to the approval by the Chinese Government.Claims, if any, shall be submitted by Telex within fourteen days after the arrival of the goods at destination.Contingent shares, if any, to be issued hereunder shall bedetermined on the basis of the after-tax consolidated earning of Seller.Said amount shall be reduced by the sum of the difference, if any, between the inventory value of small equipment and the closing inventory value thereof.In case 如，若In case the Buyer fail to carry out any of the terms or conditions to this Contract with the Seller, the Seller shall have the right to terminate all or any part of this Contract with the Buyer or postpone shipment or stop any goods in transit and the Buyer shall in every such case be liable to the Seller for all losses, damages and expenses thereby incurred.In case of any divergence of interpretation, the Chinese text shall prevail.In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.In the event that 若，如果，假如In the event that deficiencies in the Equipment become evident, such deficiencies shall be corrected by ABC during the two days per week during which the Purchaser will not be testing.In the event that the Documents supplied by Party B are not in conformity with the stipulations in Sections 8.2, Party B shall, within the shortest possible time but not later than 30 days after the receipt of the Party A’s written notice, dispatch free of charge to Party A the missing or the correct and legible Documents.In the event of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at will.should+subj.+verb.Should any of the stipulations to the Contract be altered, amended, supplemented or deleted, the same shall be negotiated between and agreed upon by both parties and written documents shall be signed by the representatives of both parties.Should the effect of Force Majeure continue more than one hundred and twenty (120) consecutive days, both parties shall settle the further execution of the Contract through friendly negotiations as soon as possible.Unless=if not, except if or except whenUnless expressly agreed to, the port of shipment is at the Seller’s option.Unless otherwise stated thereafter, the accounting principles employed shall be the same as those applied in the proceeding years.Neither Party shall have the right to represent the other party unless otherwise arranged. Provided that…No salary shall be paid and charged against the operating expenses, provided that the commission or brokerage of the Second Party shall be paid and charged as a part of the operating expenses.Provided that Party B desires to continue leasing the flat, Party B shall notify Party A in writing tow months in advance of expiry of the leased and a new contact shall be signed.All disputes in connection with or in the execution of this Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation. Where no settlement can be reached, the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration.When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all orpart of his investment, the other party has preemptive right.2）. 时间状语从句的翻译。
英文商务合同长句的翻译过程与翻译策略实证分析
英文商务合同长句的翻译过程与翻译策略实证分析1. 引言1.1 背景介绍Translating business contracts plays a crucial role in international trade and business negotiations. The accuracy of the translation directly impacts the rights and obligations of the parties involved. Any mistranslation or misinterpretation could lead to serious financial and legal consequences. Therefore, it is essential for translators to have a solid grasp of the language and content of the business contract to ensure a precise and reliable translation.1.2 研究目的The research purpose of this study is to analyze and explore the translation process and strategies employed in translating long sentences found in English business contracts. By examining the characteristics of commercial contracts, the specific challenges posed by long sentences in these documents will be identified. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the translation difficulties and to propose effective strategies for translating complex legal language accurately and efficiently.1.3 研究意义The significance of studying the translation process and strategies of long sentences in English business contracts lies in the increasing globalization of business transactions. As companies expand their operations internationally, the need for accurately translated contracts becomes crucial in ensuring legal compliance and avoiding misunderstandings.2. 正文2.1 商务合同长句的特点分析The characteristics of long sentences in business contracts can vary depending on the legal and cultural context in which they are written. Some common features of long sentences in business contracts include complex sentence structures, formal language, and specific legal terminology.2.2 翻译过程实证分析Once the sentence is understood, the translator can begin the process of finding equivalent terms in the target language. This may require research into legal terminology and conventions in both languages to ensure accuracy and consistency.2.3 翻译策略实证分析The translation strategy empirical analysis involves examining the specific strategies used in translating long sentences in business contracts. This analysis may include a comparison of literal translation versus more interpretative methods, such as paraphrasing or restructuring sentences for clarity and conciseness. Additionally, the analysis may consider the use of cultural, legal, or industry-specific knowledge in the translation process to ensure accuracy and authenticity in conveying the intended meaning.2.4 专业术语翻译对比分析专业术语翻译对比分析主要围绕商务合同中常见的术语进行比较和分析。
英语长句翻译实用技巧
英语长句翻译实用技巧十翻译技巧10 长句翻译嵌切拆插（一）英译汉长句翻译的基本步骤英译汉长句翻译的关键在于两点：一是对原文的准确理解，二是恰如其分的表达。
对原文的理解一般包括这样几个方面：①原作者的意旨；②作者的论点及它们之间的逻辑关系；③句与句之间的语法关系；④各个修饰成分之间的关系。
除了准确理解原文之外，译文的成功与否很大程度上取决于译者对母语的驾驭能力以及对翻译技巧的灵活运用。
英译汉的长句处理一般可分为理解和表达两个阶段及5个具体的处理步骤。
理解阶段可分为3个步骤：①扼要拟出全句的主要轮廓；②辨清该句的主从结构，并根据上下文领会全句的要旨；③将长句按表达的需要划分成若干部分，把握每部分的要点。
表达阶段可分为两个步骤进行：①逐一翻译划开的每一部分；②对译文进行调整、组合，然后检查、修改、润色。
我们看看下面一例长句的处理过程：英语原文：It is nothing else than impurities prenatally inherent in ore that seriously affect the quality of the latter，which is formed as a result of geological vicissitudes including diastrophic movement，eruption of volcano，sedimentation，glaciation and weathering etc.，under the action of which pyrogenic rocks，volcanic complex，aqueous rocks，sedimentary rocks etc.，come into being，some of which exist in a stage of symiosis，the main cause of the absence of pure rocks in nature，wherein lies the reason for the need of separation technology and apparatus，namely，ore-dressing devices and equipment，（which has been）so far impotent to meet the requirements of metallurgical industry the scientists make every endeavor to elevate to a new high by laser separation.第一、理解阶段第一步，扼要拟出全句的轮廓框架，其主体结构为两个并列复合句：It is nothing else than impurities... that seriously affect the quality of the latter，（不是别的，正是杂质严重影响了后者的质量……）wherein lies the reason for the need of separation technology and apparatus（因此存在需要分离技术与器械的理由）第二步，辨清该长句的主从结构，并根据上下文和全句内容领会其要旨：It is nothing else than impurities... that seriously affect the quality of...，which is formed as...，under the action of which... rocks... etc．，come into being...，some of which exist in...，wherein lies the reason for the need of...，（which have been）so far impotent to meet the requirements of...第三步，将长句按表达的需要划分成若干部分，把握每部分的要点：1）Impurities prenatally inherent in ore seriously affect its quality.（矿石中的天然杂质影响了矿石的质量。
商务英语翻译中英语长句翻译技巧
商务英语翻译中英语长句翻译技巧商务英语翻译中英语长句翻译技巧全国商务英语翻译资格证考试试题中会有大量的英语长句出现，英语长句是指包含各种语法关系和特殊句型的各种复杂句。
下面是店铺分享的商务英语翻译中英语长句翻译技巧，欢迎大家阅读！一、英语长句的定义英语长句是指包含各种语法关系和特殊句型的各种复杂句。
英语多长句，这是由英语句子的特点决定的。
英语复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。
所以翻译英语长句，实际上我们的重点主要应放在对各种从句的翻译上。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
二、英语长句的特点一般说来，英语长句有如下几个特点:结构复杂，逻辑层次多;常须根据上下文作词义的引申;常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;并列成分多;修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;习惯搭配和成语经常出现。
三、英语长句的分析方法找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构;找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
四、英语长句的翻译方法无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。
只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。
在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。
一般来说，长句的翻译有顺序译法、逆序译法、拆分译法和综合译法四种。
现将各种方法举例说明如下:1．用顺序译法来翻译长句有些英语长句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，或按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，可按原文顺序译出。
商务英语中长句的翻译
商务英语中长句的翻译摘要：随着经济全球化，国际商务交往日益频繁，商务英语翻译的重要性日渐凸显。
商务英语的一个重要特点是，为了达到较高准确性和严肃性，大量使用英语复杂长句，尤其在商务合同中更是如此。
本文以英文商务合同中的长句为例，结合英语长句的翻译步骤和分析方法，探讨商务英语中长句翻译常见的几种方法。
关键词：商务英语;合同;长句翻译一、引言一般而言我们把在商务环境中使用的英语称作商务英语，它是专门用途英语(English for Special Purpose简称ESP)的一种。
商务英语文体有多种文本模式，其文体相对而言较为正式，为充分表达逻辑性使得商务英语中句子结构都较复杂。
因而对于商务英语中出现频率高的复杂长句，能否正确理解并翻译之，是做好商务英语翻译的关键。
本文就以英文商务合同中的长句为例，探讨商务英语中长句的翻译方法。
二、英语长句的翻译步骤及分析方法英语长句的翻译需要经过以下两阶段。
第一阶段，要对全句的轮廓和内涵在大体上进行把握，然后对句子进行句法结构分析，我们称为理解阶段。
第二阶段，为表达阶段，首先对各个单句进行翻译，按汉语习惯形成主谓宾配列及各式搭配;之后，通过对各个层次语序的调整使得单句达到整理组合;然后，要进行译文的整个加工润色，斟酌词、句，考虑文体的适应性，并调整汉语译句。
三、商务英语中长句的翻译方法商务英语不论其句子多长，结构如何复杂，归根结底，都是由基本语法成分构成。
因此，弄清其句法结构、句子主干内容、各层含义以及它们之间的逻辑关系，再依照汉语的叙事特点、日常表达习惯便不难译出。
一般来说，商务英语中长句的翻译可视情况采取以下方法和策略：包孕法、顺译法、倒置法、重组法。
1. 包孕法翻译时，将各种词组或从句等后置修饰成分放到中心词之前，使得修饰成分在句子中形成前置包孕，我们称其为包孕法。
前置包孕可使句义十分紧凑，结构上整体感很强，因此商务英语多用此式。
例如：Party A may，within 10 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，lodge a claim against Party A for shortage of weight through the inspection certificate which is issued by a reputable public surveyor.汉译时句中的所有修饰成分都要处理成前置包孕，放在各自的中心词之前。
翻译技巧：对付商务合同长句翻译的三个有效方法
在对长句进行分析的基础上，商务合同长句具体翻译方法又可细分为三种:即，顺序法、逆序法和分译法。
(1)顺序法。
所谓顺序法就是按照原文的顺序组织译文。
在商务合同中，当英语长句陈述的是一连串的动作并按发生的时间安排或逻辑关系排列时，此类长句与汉语的表达方式较一致，可按原文的顺序译出。
例2：In the event that the Company’s operations are reduced substantially from the scale of operation originally anticipated by the parties, or the Company experience substantial and continuing losses resulting in negative retained earnings not anticipated by the Parties in the agreed Business Plan, or in any other circumstance permitted under Applicable Laws or agreed by the Parties, the Parties may agree to reduce the registered capital of the Company on a pro rata basis.上述句子的逻辑关系非常清楚，即：三个假设条件，一个结论，表达顺序与汉语一致。
因此，可按照原文的语序进行翻译。
参考译文: 如果合营公司的经营规模比双方原来预期的规模有大幅度缩减，或合营公司持续遭受严重亏损，导致双方商定的业务计划中所未预期的盈余保留负数，或在任何相关法律允许或双方一致同意的情况下，双方可以协议按原有出资比例减资。
(2)逆序法。
所谓逆序法就是逆着原文的顺序翻译。
在商务合同中，有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反。
商务英语合同翻译技巧
商务英语合同翻译技巧商务英语合同翻译技巧下面为大家带来商务英语合同翻译技巧，欢迎大家阅读!商务英语合同翻译技巧：例1：双方都应遵守/双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。
Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.2.3 change A to B 与change A into B英译“把A改为B用“change A to B，英译“把A折合成/兑换成B 用“change A into B，两者不可混淆。
例2：交货期改为8月并将美元折合成人民币。
Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.2.4 ex与per源自拉丁语的介词ex与per有各自不同的含义。
英译由某轮船“运来的货物时用ex，由某轮船“运走的货物用Per，而由某轮船“承运用by。
例3：由“维多利亚轮运走/运来/承运的最后一批货将于10月1日抵达伦敦。
The last batch per/ex/by S.S. "Victoria" will arrive at London on October (S.S. = Steamship)2.5 in与after当英译“多少天之后的时间时，往往是指“多少天之后的确切的一天，所以必须用介词in，而不能用after，因为介词after指的是“多少天之后的不确切的任何一天。
例4：该货于11月10日由“东风轮运出，41天后抵达鹿特丹港。
The good shall be shipped per M.V. "Dong Feng" on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rottedaml in 140 days. (M.V.= motor vessel)2.6 on/upon与after当英译“……到后，就……时，用介词on/upon，而不用after，因为after表示“之后的时间不明确。
英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧
英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧(总4页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧这是一篇由网络搜集整理的关于英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧的文档，希望对你能有帮助。
简单长句及其翻译在翻译英文商务合同中的简单长句时，首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系;然后再适当切分，理出句子的主干成分，翻译时以句子的主干为主导;最后再按汉语表达习惯，变动语序，重新组合。
这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。
下面举三个简单长句翻译的例子来说明：Buyers may，within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination，lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.这是一个简单长句，其主干为The Buyers may…lodge a claim…。
修饰谓语动词的状语有三个：a. 分别表示时间within 15 days after arrival of the goods atthe destinationb. 方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和c. 目的for short-weight而且状语中还有状语，作定语的分词issued还有自己的状语by a reputable public surveyor。
众多状语，尽管在英语中的位置十分灵活，然而按照汉语的行文规范，方式状语一般应位于动词之前;而有些状语在译文中可以灵活处理，例如本句中的时间状语，可以提前至句首。
英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧
英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧在翻译英文合同中的简单长句时，可以考虑以下几个技巧：1. 分解句子：将长句分解为更短的句子或短语，使句子结构更清晰。
这可以通过使用逗号或分号来实现。
例如，将长句“Party A shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless Party B for any losses, damages or claims arising out of the breach of this contract by Party A”分解为两个短句：“Party A shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless Party B. This is for any losses, damages or claims arising out of the breach of this contract by Party A.”2. 使用连接词：运用连接词可以将不同的短语或子句连接起来，使句子更连贯。
例如，使用连接词“and”或“or”来连接并列的短语。
例如，将长句“Party A shall pay Party B a deposit upon signing this contract and the remaining balance shall be paid within 30 days of the completion of the project”简化为两个简短的句子：“Party A shall pay Party B a deposit upon signing this contract. The remaining balance shallbe paid within 30 days of the completion of the project.”3. 使用动词形式：将复杂的动名词结构改写为动词形式，使句子更加简洁。
英语长句翻译技巧
英语长句翻译技巧(1) 逆序法英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，这时必须从原文後面开始翻译。
在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语经常位于被修饰语之後，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。
倒置法通常用于英译汉，即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前後调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。
(2) 顺序法当英语长句的内容表达层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文表达的层次顺序翻译成汉语，从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。
(3) 包孕法。
这种方法多用于英译汉。
所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时，把英语後置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前，使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。
但修饰成分不宜过长，否则会形成拖踏或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。
(4)分句法有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切，翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语转换成句子，分开来表达。
为了使语意连贯，有时必须要适当增加词语，也就是采用化整为零的方法将整个英语长句翻译为几个独立的句子，顺序基本不变，前後坚持连贯。
(5)综合法上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法，事实上，在翻译一个英语长句时，并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法，而是要综合使用到各种方法，这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。
再如，一些英语长句单纯采纳上述任何一种方法都不方便，这就必须要我们的仔细分析，或按照时间的先後，或按照逻辑顺序，顺逆结合，主次分明地对全句进行综合处理，以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。
2英语翻译有什么技巧一、增译法指依据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包涵的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be'结构来翻译以外，一般都要依据语境补出主语，使句子完整。
英文商务合同长句的翻译过程与翻译策略实证分析
英文商务合同长句的翻译过程与翻译策略实证分析
在翻译英文商务合同长句时，需要采取一些翻译策略来确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。
这篇文章旨在探讨在翻译过程中所采取的策略，并通过实证分析来验证这些策略的效果。
翻译英文商务合同长句时，首先需要理解句子的语法结构和意义。
通常商务合同的句子较长，包含多个子句和修饰语，因此理解句子的结构非常重要。
在翻译过程中，可以先对句子进行拆解，将其分成较为简单的部分来理解。
接下来，可以根据句子的主干和修饰语来进行翻译。
翻译过程中需要考虑句子的语体和风格。
商务合同通常使用正式、严肃的语言，因此在翻译过程中要注意保持句子的正式和严肃。
可以使用正式的词汇和短语，避免使用口头化的表达方式，如缩略词或俚语。
要注意翻译商务合同中的名词和术语。
商务合同中常常涉及特定行业的名词和术语，因此要确保对这些名词和术语的翻译准确无误。
可以参考专业的词典或者咨询相关领域的专家来确定翻译。
在实证分析中，我们选取了几个典型的英文商务合同长句，并使用以上翻译策略进行翻译。
然后，我们请几位专业翻译人员对这些句子进行评价和修改。
我们对不同翻译策略的效果进行比较和分析。
实证分析结果表明，拆解长句可以帮助翻译人员更好地理解句子的结构和意义。
这样可以避免在翻译过程中出现理解错误或语法错误。
注意语体和风格也是非常重要的。
翻译人员在保持句子正式和严肃的还要注意保持句子的流畅性。
浅议商务英语合同中长句的翻译法_功能对等
浅议商务英语合同中长句的翻译法_功能对等摘要：本文旨在探讨商务英语合同中长句的翻译法，着重于功能对等原则。
文中主要从语用学、句法学以及翻译实践等角度，剖析了商务英语合同的长句翻译的原则与规律；深入分析了商务英语长句的翻译方法，提出商务英语合同长句的功能对等原则；探讨了如何运用功能对等原则来更好地翻译商务英语合同长句。
关键词：商务英语合同翻译，长句翻译，功能对等原则正文：本文旨在探讨商务英语合同中长句的翻译法，着重于功能对等原则。
在翻译商务英语合同长句时，应在保留原文意思的前提下，运用功能对等原则，以“中文的表达形式+外文的表达形式”的方式完成翻译。
商务英语合同翻译中应注意语句的可读性，运用合理的句子结构，消除翻译者主观因素。
同时，商务英语合同也应该确立公平可接受的权利义务标准，依据当事人的真实意思表达合同条款，使合同更加清晰明了。
在应用功能对等原则翻译商务英语合同长句时，应注意以下几点。
首先，翻译者应该以中文文本为基础，熟练掌握英语词汇和表达方式，以便正确、准确地将长句翻译成英文。
此外，英语语言表达要自然、流畅，不要出现尴尬的停顿，以便于正确传达语义。
其次，在翻译商务英语合同长句时，应尽量遵循原文的语义，但是也应注意中英文文化的差异，以避免产生歧义。
比如：相同的概念，在中文中可能用一个词表达，而在英文中却要用几个词才能完全说明意思。
此外，商务英语合同中的词汇也应当根据实际情况适当选用，以便准确、精准地表达合同条款，使合同条款更具可操作性。
同时，为保证合同更加清楚明了，商务英语合同也应该确立公平可接受的权利义务标准，这也是提高合同有效性的重要环节。
最后，翻译者应尽量减少对原文的修改，以确保原文的意思不受影响。
这就要求在翻译合同时加以考虑，达到中英文文本句式、结构高度一致，从而实现功能对等原则。
另外，各种国际商务文件中也充斥着大量的长句，尤其是合同，以及其他以英语为媒介的文件。
在这种情况下，应该全面考虑长句的翻译，让读者能够准确理解和掌握信息。
英文商务合同长句的翻译过程与翻译策略实证分析
英文商务合同长句的翻译过程与翻译策略实证分析商务合同是商业行为的重要载体，涉及双方权益的保障和义务的履行。
而英文商务合同通常涵盖了大量的长句和复杂的条款，需要进行准确翻译以确保双方的合法权益。
本文将就英文商务合同长句的翻译过程与翻译策略进行实证分析，并探讨翻译中可能遇到的问题及解决方法。
一、翻译过程1.语境分析在翻译商务合同长句时，首先需要进行语境分析。
商务合同通常涉及法律术语、商业术语和特定行业的术语，翻译人员需要了解所涉及的行业背景和相关法律法规，以确保准确理解原文的含义。
2.逐字翻译在语境分析的基础上，翻译人员通常会进行逐字翻译，保持原文的句法结构和词序，以尽可能保留原文的表达方式。
这种翻译方式在一定程度上保留了原文的精确性，但也容易造成中文表达不通顺、生硬的问题。
3.意译和调整针对一些语法结构复杂、表达方式不适应中文习惯的长句，翻译人员可能会进行意译和调整。
通过合理调整句子结构、灵活运用语言表达方式，使得翻译后的句子更符合中文语境。
这种翻译方式能够更好地传达原文的意思，保持句子的流畅和通顺。
4.审校和修改翻译完成后，通常需要进行审校和修改。
审校过程中，需要对译文进行逐句、逐词的审查，确保翻译的准确性和通顺性，同时保证翻译后的文本符合相关法律法规和商业习惯。
二、翻译策略1.保留原文结构在翻译长句时，对于一些主谓宾结构较为复杂的句子，翻译人员可以保留原文的结构，通过逐字翻译的方式尽可能保留原文的句法结构和词序，以确保翻译的准确性。
2.恰当使用连接词在翻译长句时，可以适当使用连接词，将长句分解为若干个简洁明了的子句，以减少句子的复杂性，使句子更易理解。
4.注意法律术语和商业术语的翻译在翻译商务合同长句时，需要特别注意法律术语和商业术语的翻译。
对于一些特定的法律术语和商业术语，翻译人员应当使用准确的术语表达，以确保翻译的准确性和专业性。
三、实证分析以一段典型的商务合同长句为例：“The Seller shall ensure that the Goods are free from defects in design, material, and workmanship, and conform in all respects to the specifications and drawings provided by the Buyer.”这是一句典型的商务合同长句，涉及多个并列的要求和条件。
英文合同翻译有哪些技巧
本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。
注释：
（1）foreign trade dealers：对外贸易经营者
（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所称
（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law本法规定
例2
“Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the patent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto.
参考译文：
对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用应由败诉方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
注释：
15商务英语合同中长句的翻译解析
Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “Shipment” used in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be understood to include the expression “loading on board”, “dispatch” and “taking in charge”. 除信用证另有规定外，用于规定最早及/ 或最迟装运期的“装运”一词应理解为 包括“装船”、“发运”和“接受监 管”。
International business has emerged as a separate branch of management training, because the growing scale and complexity of business transactions across national boundaries give rise to new and unique problems of management and governmental policy that have received inadequate attention in traditional areas of business and economics. 国际商务作为管理培训的一个分支出现，是由于 跨国界的商业交易日益增长的范围和复杂性产生 了新的、特殊的管理和政府政策方面的问题。这 些问题没有在传统的商业和经济领域里受到足够 的注意。（它们在传统的商业和经济领域里并未 受the Transfer Date New Company shall transfer to B ,free from any lien or encumbrance created by New Company and without the payment of any compensation ,all its right , title and interest in the infrastructure project, unless otherwise specified in the Agreement or any supplementary agreement. 在转让期，新公司应将基础设施的所有权利和利 益转让给B，新公司不应扣押、滞留 ，也不能要 求补偿，除非协议或补充协议中另有规定。
英语长句翻译的五种方法
英语长句翻译的五种方法一、英语长句翻译所涉及的基本问题科技英语具有逻辑性强、结构严密、表达明确等特点。
这些特点决定了科技英语的一个显著特征是含有大量长句。
英语长句后置修饰语多，并列成份多，句法结构复杂，层次重叠。
因此，进行长句翻译时，要注意英译汉语序上的差异和英汉表达方式的差异。
二、长句翻译的基本方法英语长句汉译时主要采用下列五种方法：顺译法、倒译法、内嵌法、分译法、拆离重组法。
(一)顺译法顺译法是指在英译汉过程中，按原文行文的先后顺序或按内容的逻辑顺序，依次译出的翻译方法。
It is important to remember that the composition of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification，and such variations in composition，impurity elements and also grainsize caused in hot-working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties．重要的是要记住，给定牌号钢的化学成份在其规定范围内可能发生一些变化，这样一些在热加工过程中引起的存在于成份、杂质元素、还有品粒大小上的变化，将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异。
原句由一个主句、两个宾语从句组成。
由于原句的表达与汉语的表达是基本一致的，因此整个句子的翻译按照原句的语序顺译即可。
The civil engineer must be able to select and utilize effectively the products provided by the other branches of the profession developing consumer goods，such as the materials of construction and industry，including steel，timber，concrete and many other materials；and engaging the modern application and use of steam，electric and gas power enginesand machines．土建工程师一定要能够有效地选择和利用本行业和其他部门提供的产品。
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英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧
2014-2-11 9:00 类别：英语口语来源：enguo 责编：meten
英文合同中使用的大量长句，主要分为三大类：简单长句、复合长句和并列长句。
在翻译这些长句时，首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系，然后再适当切分，理出句子的主干成分。
最后再按汉语表达习惯，变动语序，重新组合。
这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。
今天我们就先说一下简单长句和并列长句的翻译。
简单长句及其翻译
在翻译英文商务合同中的简单长句时，首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系；然后再适当切分，理出句子的主干成分，翻译时以句子的主干为主导；最后再按汉语表达习惯，变动语序，重新组合。
这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。
下面举三个简单长句翻译的例子来说明：
1．The Buyers may，within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination，lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.
这是一个简单长句，其主干为The Buyers may…lodge a claim…。
修饰谓语动词的状语有三个，
a. 分别表示时间within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination
b. 方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和
c. 目的for short-weight
而且状语中还有状语，作定语的分词issued还有自己的状语by a reputable public surveyor。
众多状语，尽管在英语中的位置十分灵活，然而按照汉语的行文规范，方式状语一般应位于动词之前；而有些状语在译文中可以灵活处理，例如本句中的时间状语，可以提前至句首。
因此，上句可译成：货物抵达目的港15天内，买方可以凭有信誉的公共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。
2. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract，the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.
此句的主干为…the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price…to the Seller，其中含有一个时间状语within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。
从语用的角度来看，商务合同中许多时间状语表示的是某一缔约方必须在何时何地承担某一义务和享有某一种权利，即时效性。
因此整个句子的重心不是句子的动词，而是发生动作的时间。
在译成中文时，为了突出行为的时效性，时间状语应尽量靠近表示义务责任的关键词“须”。
此句中还含有一个较为复杂的方式状语by opening an irrevocable L/C…，其中含有三个介词短语作定语修饰an irrevocable L/C。
按照汉语的行文规范，方式状语一般应位于动词之前。
此外，若动词同时带有时间状语和方式状语时，英文的通常顺序是方式在前，时间在后，而汉语却正好与之相反，为方式在后，时间在前。
因此本句可译成：
买方须于本合同签字并生效后30天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30 000美元。
3. The Equipment and Material shall be carefully and properly packed in the best and stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipment and Material so as to withstand long-distance sea and inland transportation and numerous handlings.
此句的句子结构并不复杂但包含一个较为复杂的方式状语。
从语用特征的角度来看，方式状语通常都是规定性的，其作用是规定合约方履行某项义务必须采取的方式或手段，在合同的语言环境下，即使有关缔约方履行了合同规定的义务，但若其履行义务的方式与合同规定的方式不符，乃构成违约。
因此，方式状语的作用通常都是比较重要的。
本句可译成：
设备和原料须根据其形状和特点以完善而牢固的方式精心妥当地包装，包装须适合于长途海、陆运输，能经受多次装卸。
并列长句及其翻译
由于撰写合同时不能遗漏任何可能情况，所以英文商务合同中往往有大量并列成分。
这些并列成分包括并列的词、短语以及从句。
从语用角度看，并列的平行结构使合同的句式平衡，表意完整。
在翻译由两个或两个以上的并列单句构成的复杂长句时可以采用分句译法。
并列长句的分句之间的语义关系比较松散，因此翻译时可以断开，分解成单句独立存在。
例如：
The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.
此句由两个结构相同的并列分句组成，均为主句在前，条件状语在后，在两个条件状语中均含有时间状语，此外，两个并列分句中也都含有时间状语，均为within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，译成中文时，条件状语应分别置于主句之前，而所有的时间状语均放在各自修饰的动词的前面。
同时，为了符合汉语句式较短的特点，可以将两个并列分句断开，分解成两个单句，即译成：
若货物经中国商品检验局复检后发现质量与本合同之规定不符，买方有权于货物抵达目的港后的60天内向卖方提出索赔。
若经中国商品检验局复检发现货物质量与提单所示重量不符，买方有权于货物抵达目的港后的60天内向卖方提出短重索赔。