虚拟语气用法详解

虚拟语气

一.条件句中的虚拟语气

条件句为非真实条件句时，所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句和结果主句都要用虚拟语气。形式如下：

例如：

I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.（与现在的事实相反）

If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time.( 与过去的事实相反)

If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way.( 与将来的事实相反)

注：1. 虚拟条件句中的谓语可用进行时，表示“如果……正在”，主句的谓语仍用would(或should, might, could)，并可根据情况选用时态。例如：

If you hadn’t been studying so hard, you might have failed the exam.

2. 在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were , had, should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。

Had I realized you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.

真题：2000-49；1997－51；1996－43

二. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气

有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，但仍然要用虚拟语气。要么省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐藏在上下文中，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。例如：

She would have acted as you did. (if she were you)

Heaven would cry at their sufferings. (if it were able to see their sufferings)

真题：1995－62

有时条件从句会使用下列词或词组：but for, without, with, but, or, otherwise, even, in case of, what if等。例如：

Without your help, we would not have achieved so much.

But that she was prevented, she wouldn’t have shot the other people.

She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.

三. 错纵时间条件句中的虚拟语气

在错纵时间条件句中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如：

If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. （现在－过去）

If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. （过去－将来）

真题：2005－51；2004－44

四.It is (high, about)time (that)…引导的从句中，谓语动词用过去时，指现在或将来的情况。例如：

It’s high time we did something to stop traffic accident.

注意以下区别：

1.“It’s time (+for+宾语)+动词不定式”这一结构的意思是“时间刚好该做。。。”，是陈述语气。

例如：It’s time to start our meeting.”但”It’s time (+that)+主语+动词过去式有“已经晚了，早应该做。。。”的含义，是虚拟语气，表示主观设想，例如：It’s time we left the office.

2.在”It’s the first (second/third) time后面所接的that从句中，谓语动词应该用完成体来表示

一种经历。

真题：2005－60；2002－51；1999－49

五. 虚拟语气用于名词性从句中

表示“建议，请求，命令，要求”等主观意向的词（名词，动词，形容词）引导的名词性从句要用虚拟语气。

常见的名词：advise, decision, desire, demand, idea,order,necessity, insistence, preference, proposal, recommendation, suggestion, requirement.

常见的动词：suggest, advise, assume, decide, demand, desire, insist, propose, order, recommend, require, surprise

常见的形容词：important,imperative,obligatory, necessary, urgent, essential,appropriate, desirable, insistent , vital, advisable, better, keen, preferable, right, good, proper, compulsory, concerned, careful, unthinkable, fitting

格式：(should)+动词原型，不受主句动词时态的影响。例如：

It’s desired that she come to teach us at least twice a week.

It’s urgent that a meeting be arranged before the final decision is made.

真题：2004－46；1997-43

六. 以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句

wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语＋wish ＋从句（主语＋过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语＋wish +从句（主语＋过去完成时）。例如：

Peter wishes that he had studied law instead of literature when he was in college.

I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.