山东理工大学 2008 年硕士研究生招生考试试题(A 卷)
山东理工大学考研历年真题之细胞生物学2006,2008年考研真题
山东理工大学2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。
考试科目：细胞生物学一、选择题[每题2分，共40分]1、支原体细胞的直径通常为_____。
A. 0.1~0.2nmB. 10~20nmC. 100~200nmD. 1~2μm2、光学显微镜的分辨率为_____。
A. 0.2nmB. 0.2μmC. 0.2mmD. 0.2Å3、冷冻蚀刻电镜技术的主要用途是_____。
A. 观察细胞的亚显微结构B. 观察生物大分子的三维结构C. 观察病毒颗粒D. 观察生物膜的断裂面4、在下列因素中可以使细胞膜流动性降低的是_____。
A. 胆固醇含量升高B. 脂肪酸链的长度缩短C. 不饱和脂肪酸的含量升高D. 温度升高5、在细胞外基质成分中不参与形成基膜的是_____。
A. 层粘连蛋白B. 纤连蛋白C. 胶原D. 蛋白聚糖6、在粘着斑和半桥粒结构中参与连接细胞和细胞外基质的黏附因子是_____。
A. 钙粘蛋白B. 选择蛋白C. IgCAMD. 整联蛋白7、NO作为信号分子的受体是_____。
A. 酪氨酸激酶B. 酪氨酸磷酸酯酶C. 鸟苷酸环化酶D. 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶8、线粒体呼吸链的酶复合物IV为_____。
A. NADH脱氢酶B. 琥珀酸脱氢酶C. 细胞色素C还原酶D. 细胞色素C氧化酶9、下列蛋白质中_____不是在内质网中合成的。
A. 整合膜蛋白B. 溶酶体中酸性水解酶C. 纤连蛋白D. 核蛋白10、细胞吞噬过程中内陷形成的小泡是通过_____介导的。
A. 微管B. 微丝C. 中间纤维D. 网格蛋白11、下列蛋白中不属于motor蛋白的是_____。
A. 驱动蛋白B. 肌动蛋白C. 肌球蛋白D. 动力蛋白12、在骨骼肌原纤维结构中仅含细肌丝的部位为_____。
A. I带B. A带C. H带D. M线13、原核细胞核糖体中具有肽酰转移酶活性的是_____。
山东理工大学电路考研真题2006—2008年
路电流 I&1 、 I&2 、 I&3 和电压U&AB 、U&BD 。
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共 3 页，第 1 页
五、（12 分）在图 5 电路中，已知 I1=5A， I 2 = 5 2A ，U=220V，R=5Ω，R2 = xL，试
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示电路中为对称三相电路，
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30Ω
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I&B
山东理工大学马克思主义基本原理考研真题2006—2008年
山东理工大学2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。
考试科目：马克思主义基本原理一、不定项选择题（下列各题至少有一个答案是正确的，请把正确的答案写在答题纸上，多选少选均不得分。
每题1.5分，共30分）1、马克思主义哲学A、既是无产阶级的哲学，又是资产阶级哲学B、是唯物论和辩证法、唯物主义自然观与历史观的统一C、是在实践基础上的科学性和革命性、开放性和发展性的统一D、是凌驾于具体科学之上的“科学之科学”2、马克思主义哲学物质观的意义在于A、指出了物质的唯一特性是客观实在性，批判了唯心论和二元论B、坚持了物质世界的可知性，体现了本体论和认识论的统一C、坚持了世界的多样性物质统一，克服了旧唯物主义世界观的缺陷，体现了唯物论和辩证法的统一D、结束了对物质及其结构的认识，从而形成了完整的科学的物质观3、形而上学和相对主义诡辩论的错误都是A、承认运动的绝对性，否认相对静止B、既承认运动的绝对性，也承认静止的相对性C、割裂了运动的绝对性和静止的相对性D、夸大相对静止，否认绝对运动4、关于唯物辩证法的条件论，正确观点是A、一切事物的存在和发展都是有条件的B、条件是具体的、多种多样的C 、条件是可以改变的D 、改变条件是不需要条件的，可以任意进行5、实践是人的存在方式，具体表现在A、实践使人成为“社会存在物”B、实践使人成为“有意识的类存在物”C、实践使人成为“被动的自然存在物”D、实践是指同动物活动没有区别的物质性活动6、黑格尔说：“同一句格言，从年轻人口里说出来时，总是没有那种在饱经风霜的成年人的智慧中所具有的意义和广袤性。
”这一观点在认识论上说明了A、认识来源于实践B、成年人的认识在一切方面都超过年轻人的认识C、感性认识依赖于理性认识D、感性认识越丰富，理性认识越深刻7、“从物到感觉和思想”与“从思想和感觉到物”是A、辩证唯物主义和旧唯物主义两条认识路线的对立B、辩证法与形而上学的对立C、可知论与不可知论的对立D 、唯物主义与唯心主义两条认识路线的对立8、历史唯物主义认为,地理环境1。
08自动控制[1]
![08自动控制[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/36a851eef8c75fbfc77db2b1.png)
(b)
四,稳定性分析(30 分) : 1, (本小题 16 分)已知单位反馈控制系统的开环传递函数为 G( s) = 100(τs + 1) s2
试绘制系统的开环极坐标特性曲线,并确定使相角裕度等于 45°的τ值. 2, (本小题 14 分)某随动系统如图 3 所示. 当调节放大系数 K(K>0)至某一数值 时,系统产生频率为ω= 5 (1/s) 的等幅 振荡.试确定系统参量 K 和 a 的值. 五,根轨迹分析(本题 18 分) : 设控制系统的结构图如图 4 所示 . (1)绘制 Kg=0→+∞时系统的 根轨迹(求出分离点以及与 虚轴交点) ; (2)根据根轨迹确定系统稳) -
Gc (s )
G0 ( s )
C(s)
图5 图6
七, (本题 16)已知描述系统运动的微分方程为
& & & x+x+ x =0
(1)绘出系统相平面图的大致图形,并判断奇点的类型; (2)定性分析系统的运动规律. 八, (本题 17 分)已知某离散系统的结构图如图 7 所示,T=1s,试求: (1)当 r (t ) = 1(t ) 时系统的输出 c * ( t ) ; (要求:最少保留 5 个采样周期) (2)当 r ( t ) = t 1( t ) 时系统的稳态误差 e(∞ ) .
共 3 页,第 2 页
R(s)
E(s) -
K ( s + 1) s + as 2 + 2s + 1
3
C(s)
图3
R(s) -
Kg
s 2 2s + 5 ( s + 2)( s 0.5)
C(s)
图4
六, (18 分)某最小相位系统如图 5 所示,其中系统固有部分 G0 (s ) 和校正装置 Gc (s ) 的对数幅频特性曲线分别如图 6 中的 L0 (ω ) 和 Lc (ω ) 所示.
山东理工大学2008+年硕士研究生入学考试传感器原理试题(A+卷)(暂缺答案)
山东理工大学2008 年硕士研究生入学考试传感器原理试题（A 卷）（暂缺答案）(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、填空题：（每空2分，共50分）(总题数：15，分数：50.00)1.传感器一般由 1，转换元件，基本转换电路三部分组成。
（分数：2.00）解析：2.灵敏度指传感器 1与 2的比值。
（分数：4.00）解析：3.传感器的三种组成环节有： 1，模拟环节，数字环节。
（分数：2.00）解析：4.电阻应变片式传感器按制造材料可分为 1材料和 2材料。
（分数：4.00）解析：5.金属丝在外力作用下发生机械形变时它的电阻值将发生变化，这种现象称______效应；半导体受到作用力后电阻率要发生变化，这种现象称______效应。
（分数：4.00）解析：6.一条金属电阻丝绕成应变栅后，其实际的灵敏度要下降，这主要是由于什么原因？ 1。
（分数：2.00）解析：7.差动变压器式传感器理论上讲，衔铁位于中心位置时输出电压为零，而实际上由于两线圈的结构及参数不相等，差动变压器输出电压不为零，此电压称为 1。
（分数：2.00）解析：8.霍尔效应指：金属或半导体置于磁场中，当有电流流过时，在______方向上会产生电动势。
（分数：2.00）解析：9.谐振传感器的三个组成部分 1、 2、 3。
（分数：6.00）解析：10.热电偶的热电效应是由两种电动势组成： 1和 2。
（分数：4.00）解析：11.光电传感器的工作原理是基于物质的 1。
（分数：2.00）解析：12.某些电介质当沿一定方向对其施力而变形时内部产生极化现象，同时在它的表面产生符号相反的电荷，当外力去掉后又恢复不带电的状态，这种现象称为1效应；在介质极化方向施加电场时电介质会产生形变，这种效应又称 2效应。
（分数：4.00）解析：13.光栅传感器中莫尔条纹的一个重要特性是具有位移放大作用。
如果两个光栅距相等，即W=0.02mm，其夹角θ=0.01弧度，则莫尔条纹的宽度B= 1。
山东理工大学生物化学考研真题2006—2008年
二、 单项选择题：20 题，每题 2 分，共 40 分。
1. 蛋白质变性必然导致的结构上的变化是○1 。
A、肽键Hale Waihona Puke 断裂B、氨基酸残基的化学修饰
C、一些侧链基团的暴露
D、二硫键的打开
2. 物质跨膜主动运输，○2 。
A、需要 ATP
B、需要能量（不单指 ATP）
C、在一定温度范围内转运速度与绝对温度的平方成正比
山东理工大学 2006 年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A 卷）
注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。 考试科目：生物化学 一、 是非题：20 题，每题 2 分，共 40 分。答“是”写“＋”，答“非”写“－”。 1. 20 种标准氨基酸（除甘氨酸外）都是左旋的。 2. 蛋白质分子中个别氨基酸的取代未必会引起蛋白质活性的改变。 3. 基因表达的最终产物都是蛋白质。 4. 竞争性抑制剂不影响酶对底物的 Km。 5. 糖蛋白中的糖肽连接键是一种共价键，简称为糖肽键。 6. 因为密码子是不重叠的，所以基因也是不重叠的。 7. 生物膜象分子筛一样对大分子不能通过，对小分子能以很高的速度通过。 8. 有 1 克粗酶制剂经纯化后得到 10 毫克电泳纯的酶，那么它的比活较原来提高了 100 倍。 9. 生物体中的遗传信息的流动方向能由 DNA→RNA，而不能由 RNA→DNA。 10. 真核细胞和原核细胞核糖体中的 RNA 的数目和种类是相同的。 11. 氨基酸的碳骨架进行氧化分解时，先要形成能够进入三羧酸循环的化合物。 12. DNA 复制时，前导链可以是连续合成，也可以是不连续合成，而后随链总是不连续合成的。 13. 真核生物蛋白质合成的起始氨基酸是甲酰甲硫氨酸。 14. 脂肪酸氧化降解始于分子的羧端。 15. 某些别构酶在低温下不稳定是由于低温不利于亚基之间的相互作用，在升高一定温度的
山东理工大学经济学考研真题2006—2008年
2．已知需求函数为 Q =
10 p+
1
，价格从
P1
= 1 上升到 P1
= 2 ，求消费者剩余减少多少？（10 分）
3．什么是显示偏好弱公理？利用显示偏好弱公理分析以下问题：有两种产品 x 和 y，这两种 产品的价格分别表示为 Px ，Py ，如果 Px = 1，Py = 2 ，有两种消费组合是 x1 = 2 ，y1 = 3 与 x2 = 3 ， y2 = 2 ，如果一消费者选择的是 x1 = 2 ， y1 = 3 ，试比较这一消费者对两种消费组合的显示偏 好状况；如果消费者选择的是 x2 = 3 ， y2 = 2 ，这一消费者对两种消费组合的显示偏好状况 又是怎样的？（10 分）
4．已知拟线性偏好 u(x1, x2 ) = ln x1 + x2 ，收入为 m，商品 1，2 的价格分别为 p1, p2 ，求消费 者对两种商品的最优需求选择，如果消费者收入扩大到 2m，求消费者对两种商品的选择， 消费者的收入变动对消费者的消费选择有什么影响。（10 分）
5．如果生产函数为 Q = AKα Lβ , A > 0,α > 0, β > 0 ,α, β , A 是常数, K, L 为投入要素，如果工资 ω = 20 ，利率（资本成本） r = 10 ，求两种要素 K, L 的最优生产比例。（10 分）
（3）如果政府限定价格为 30 元，则该厂商的产量为多少？市场存在过剩还是短缺？
（15 分）
5．假设有两个寡头垄断厂商的行为遵循古诺模型，他们的成本函数分别为：
TC1 = q12 + 2q1 + 2 ，TC2 = q22 + 5q2 + 1 上述两个厂商生产一同质产品，其市场需求函数为： Q = 10 − p 。根据古诺模型，试求：
山东理工大学材料科学基础考研真题2006—2008年
山东理工大学2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。
考试科目：材料科学基础(A)山东理工大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。
考试科目：材料科学基础A一、选择（每题2分，20分）1、1 下列对金属键描述正确的是：（）A 无方向性和饱和性B有方向性和饱和性C有方向性无饱和性D无方向性有饱和性2 下列对晶体与非晶体描述正确的是：（）A晶体有熔点和性能的各向异性；非晶体有熔点和性能的各向同性B晶体有熔点和性能的各向异性；非晶体没有熔点，性能为各向同性C晶体没有熔点和性能的各向异性;非晶体有熔点，性能为各向同性D晶体有熔点和性能的各向异性;非晶体也有熔点和性能的各向异性3 金属的典型晶体结构有面心立方、体心立方和密排六方三种，它们的晶胞中原子数分别为：（）A 4；2；6B 6；2；4C 4；4；6D 2；4；64 关于间隙固溶体与间隙化合物说法正确的是：（）A 二者在结构方面不同B 二者力学性能相近C 二者结合键相同D 二者物理性能相近5柏氏矢量是表示位错特征的矢量，但它不能用于：（）A 判断位错性质B 表示位错的能量C 判断位错反应D 表示位错密度6γ-F e的晶体结构是（）A 体心立方；B 密排六方；C 面心立方；D 正交结构7根据相律，在给定压力下二元系合金中，最多（）相共存。
A 2B 3C 4D 58 下列不属于Fe-Fe3C相图中的组织是：（）A 铁素体；B 奥氏体；C 珠光体；D 石墨9 随含碳量的提高，热轧钢力学性能的变化规律是：（）A 强度、硬度升高，塑性、韧性降低B强度、硬度升高，塑性、韧性升高C 强度先升后降D 强度先降后升山东理工大学2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A 卷） 注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。
考试科目：材料科学基础B一、判断题(20分,每题2分,以√或×表示,答案应写在答题纸上,在本试卷上回答无效)1、离子极化的结果，往往使配位数下降。
山东理工大学系统工程考研真题2006—2008年
19
丁
19
21
23
17
五、（20 分）有一设备更新问题的有关数据如下（单位：千元）
购进年份 购进价格 使用年数 维修费用 残存值
第1年 25 1 5 12
第2年 25 2 6 10
第3年 26 3 8 8
第4年 26 4 10 6
第5年 27 5 16 4
要求： （1）构造该问题的一个最短路网络图（8 分）； （2）利用最短路算法，求出最佳设备更新方案及总费用（12 分）。
销地
产地
B1
B2
B3
产量
A1
10
2
5
4
A2
9
3
6
5
A3
2
1
2
2
销量
2
3
8
要求：（1）将它化为一个产销平衡的运输问题；（6 分） （2）利用表上作业法求出其总运费最小的运输方案。（12 分）
五、求下图从 vs 到 vt 的网络最大流：（18 分）
v1
1
v2
4
3
7
v3
4
2
vs
vt
3
5
3
10
8
v4
4
v5
六、某工厂生产 A、B 两种塑胶原料。该厂有 180 人。每生产一吨原料 A 需两个人工，一 吨原料 B 需一个人工。由于工厂生产能力的限制，原料 A 产量不超过 60 吨/日，B 不超过 100 吨/日。A、B 的利润分别为 300 元/吨及 120 元/吨。要求制定生产方案，依序满足下 列目标：
−1/2
1
x2
0
1
13/6
−1/6
1/2
2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试农学门类联考化学真题及详解【圣才出品】
2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试农学门类联考化学真题及详解一、单项选择题：共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
1．反应32MgCO (s)MgO(s)CO (g)=+100kPa,298K 在时不能正向自发进行，但在1000K 时能够正向自发进行，说明该反应（ ）。
A ．B ．C ．D ．【答案】B【解析】高温条件下自发进行，低温条件下不能自发进行，反应吸热，所以。
2．以波函数,,n l m ψ表示原子轨道时，下列表示正确的是（ ）。
A ．3,3,2ψB ．3,3,1ψC ．3,2,0ψD ．4,0,1ψ-【答案】C【解析】A 项，l 的取值范围为0～（n －1）的整数；B 项，m 取值为0，±1，…，±1；D项，l为0时，m只能取0。
3．有a、b、c三种主族元素，若a元素的阴离子与b、c元素的阳离子具有相同的电子结构，且b元素的阳离子半径大于c元素的阳离子半径，则这三种元素的电负性从小到大的顺序是（）。
A．b＜c＜aB．a＜b＜cC．c＜b＜aD．b＜a＜c【答案】A【解析】由题可知a元素在b、c元素的上一个周期，又b元素的阳离子半径大于c元素的阳离子半径，可知b元素在c元素左侧。
元素周期表中，电负性从左到右递增，从上到下递减。
4．由计算器计算（6.626×8.3145）÷（9.11×0.1000）的结果为60.474069，按有效数字运算规则，其结果应表示为（）。
A．60B．60.5C．60.47D．60.474【答案】B【解析】根据有效数字运算规则，乘除法计算中按照有效数字最少的数字保留。
5．反应222HCl(g)=H ()Cl (g)g +的，则HCl(g)的为（ ）。
【答案】A 【解析】根据公式，计算得。
6．将某聚合物2.5g 溶于100.0mL 水中，在20℃时测得的渗透压为101.325Pa 。
2008年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
四、不定项选择题（每题至少有一个选项是正确的，请选出，每题1分，共15分）。
（1）下列著名语言学家中，＿＿＿是历史比较语言学的代表人物之一。
A．乔姆斯基B．萨丕尔C．索绪尔D．拉斯克
（2）狭义的应用语言学指的是＿＿＿。
A、语言教学B、语言学教学
C、语言信息处理D、心理语言学
第2页，共4页
A．社会方言大多是在语言的相互接触中形成的
B．社会方言是随着社会的社群分化而产生的
C．一种语言的内部有可能形成社会方言
D．一种方言的内部有可能形成社会方言
（11）下列选项中有关国际音标的论述正确的是＿＿＿。
A．国际音标是国际语音协会1888年8月制定的一套记音符号
B.音素和音标一一对应，记音精确
2008年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
科目代码及名称:语言学概论（813）（A）卷适用专业：汉语言文字学、语言学及应用语言学
（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）
一、名词解释（每题3分，共18分）
（1）语言学
（2）语法范畴
（3）音位
（4）语流音变
（5）历史比较法
（6）语言融合
二、判断题，下列句子表述正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”。（每题1分，共12分）
（1）语言是思维的重要工具，没有语言人类就无法思维。
（2）文字是在语言的基础上产生的，是记录语言的工具，始终从属于语言。
（3）语言是人类最重要的交际工具，哑巴不能发声，不会交际。
（4）“石头”的“头”和“船头”的“头”都是成词语素。
（5） 从本质上看，语言也是一种符号，也有形式和声音两个方面。
（6）以词形变化作为表示语法关系的主要手段的语言是屈折语。
山东理工大学材料力学考研真题2006—2008年
P=20KNBiblioteka y2Zc2m
2m
2m
y1
七、钢制圆杆的直径 d＝100 毫米。受载如图，P１＝10KN，P2＝2KN。a=0.5 米；①作圆杆的内
力图；②确定危险面上危险点的位置，并画出危险点处的应力状态；③计算危险点处第三强
度理论的相当应力。（本题 20 分）
a
a
P1
P2
八、刚架的抗弯刚度 EI 为常量，受力如图，AB=BC=a。现将 C 支座抬高δ＝qa4/3EI，不计轴
梁的强度。（本题 17 分）
P=20KN q=10KN/m
Y2
zc
2m
3m
1m
Y1
六、等截面圆轴受力如图，抗弯截面系数为Wz = 6000 mm3，材料的弹性模量为 E = 200 GPa， 泊松比 µ = 0.25 ， a = 0.5 m，测得 A 点处纵向线应变为 ε 0o = 4 ×10−4 ，B 点处的线应变为 ε −45 = 3.75 ×10−4 。求外载荷 P 、 M 。(本题 17 分)
3、螺钉受力如图，其剪切面面积为（ 题 8 分)
D
），挤压面的面积为（
h
）。(本
d
4、图示单元体应力状态的主应力是（ 单元体。(本题 8 分)
τ
τ
），并画出用主应力表示的
共 4 页，第 1 页
二、横梁 BC 为刚杆，自重 Q＝2KN，力 P＝10KN 可在横梁 BC 上自由移动。AB 杆的许用应 力为[σ]=100MPａ，设计 AB 杆的横截面面积。如果 AB 杆采用直径为 10mm 的细丝，需要 几根？(本题 17 分)
首先合理安排各轮的位置然后绘出轴的内力图确定轴的直径d本题17分2m2m2m四试画出图示梁的剪力图和弯矩图并求f和m本题15分smaxmax2qqaaaa共4页第2页64五已知t型截面对形心轴的惯性矩为izc40310my1139mmy2611mm梁的受力如图材料的许用拉应力为st40mpa许用压应力sc100mpa按正应力校核梁的强度本题17分p20knq10knmy2zc2m3m1my13六等截面圆轴受力如图抗弯截面系数为w6000mm材料的弹性模量为e200gpaz泊松比0254ma05m测得a点处纵向线应变为e0o410b点处的线应变为e375104求外载荷pm本题17分45ppaa45bbaampp七图示刚架各杆的ei皆相等
山东理工大学计算机科学与技术学院880组成原理与数据结构历年考研真题专业课考试试题
， 的补码是 。
5．若浮点数格式中阶码的底一定，且尾数采用规格化表示法，则 浮点数的表示范围取决于_______的位数，而精度取决于_________的位 数。
6．半导体随机读写存储器包括_________和__________，前者的速 度比后者快，但集成度不如后者高。
7．存储系统中，CPU能直接访问__________ 和__________ ，但不 能直接访问磁盘和光盘。
7．某计算机字长32位，存储容量为4MB，若按半字编址，它的寻 址范围是______。
A．4M B．3M C．2M D．1M
8．在定点二进制运算器中，减法运算一般通过 来实现。 A．原码运算的二进制减法器B．补码运算的二进制减法器 C．补码运算的十进制加法器D．补码运算的二进制加法器
9．在向下生成的堆栈中，如果入栈指令PUSH X的操作定义为：SP ← (SP)+1，M(SP) ← M(X)，则出栈指令POP X应定义为 。
15．微程序中的微指令是指 。 16．当前正在执行的指令保存在CPU的 寄存器中，运算结果如溢 出、为负、为零等状态标志保存在CPU的 寄存器中。 17．设相对寻址的转移指令占两个字节,第一字节是操作码，第二 字节是用补码表示的相对位移量，若转移指令地址为200aH ，要求转移 到2002H ，则该转移指令第二字节内容为 。 18．为运算器构造的简单性，运算方法中常采用______加减法、 ______乘除法或补码乘除法。 19．组合逻辑控制器的基本思想是：某一微操作控制信号是______ 译码输出，______信号和各种状态信号的逻辑函数。 20．组合逻辑控制器所采用的三级时序是指__________、 __________和脉冲等三级。 二、选择（满分30分，每题1分） 1．一个8位的二进制整数，若采用补码表示，且由3个“1”和5 个“0”组成，则最小值为______。 A．-127 B．-32 C．-125 D．-3 2．下列数中最大的数是 。 A．(10011001)2 B．(227)8 C．(98)16 D．(152)10
2005-2014年山东理工大学真题资料与答案解析
150 0 2H
5μF
1
2
10 μ F
u
150
01H
第十题图 十一、 （12 分）图示电路中电容 C 恰好使电路谐振，试求： （1） 电容 C 的值； （2） 电流表 A 的读数； （3） 电压表 V1 和 V2 的读数。
第十一题图 十二 、 （14 分）电路如图所示，电路处于稳态下。今以 C1，C2，R6 的所在支路构成 一个树，试给出：①有向图；②基本回路矩阵，基本割集矩阵；③支路阻抗矩阵，支路导 纳矩阵。
I A
I A1
cos 1 P1
iL
RL 100
B C
50
uS
1000 V
I A2
பைடு நூலகம்
iC 10F
Z2
Z2
Z2
第三题图
第四题图
3800 V，线电流 四 、 （12 分） 图示对称三相电路中，已知电源线电压 U AB
& 17.32 30 A，第一组负载的三相功率 P1=5.7kW， cos 1 0.866 (滞后)，求第二组星 I A
+ u 1Ω 6Ω 3Ω 5A 3Ω + 9V _
（考生必须自带计算器）
.
第一题图
第二题图
三、 （10 分）如图所示电路，求 3 电阻所消耗的功率。
2A
iS
3Ω 6Ω
6Ω
. .
第三题图 第四题图
四 、 （10 分）如图所示电路，已知 iS [ 2 2 cos(10t ) ] (t ) V，求 t 0 时的电压 u (t ) 。 五 、 （10 分）电路如图所示，已知 Z (16 j12) ， Z l (1 j 2) ，电压表的读数为
hasuploaded_山东理工大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试试题(A卷
山东理工大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试试题(A卷) 注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。
考试科目：数据结构二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，若有两个空，每空1分，共20分)不写解答过程，错填或不填均无分。
a 1.假设一个15阶的上三角矩阵A按行优先顺序压缩存储在一位数组B[n]中，则非零元素9,9在B中的存储位置(下标)k=[01]。
2.n阶B-树中所有非终端（除根之外）结点中的关键字个数必须大于或等于[02]。
3.在具有m个结点的完全二叉树中，结点4i+1(i>1)的父结点是：[03]。
4.VSAM文件能在存取记录时给用户提供方便，其中VSAM是[04]的英文缩写。
5.含有2m+1个结点的二叉树用二叉链表表示时，有[05]个空链域。
6.已知广义表LS=((a,b,c),(d,e,f))，从LS中取出原子d的运算是：[06]。
7.一组输入的排序码为{47,80,57,38,41,85}，利用堆排序的方法建立的初始堆为：[07]。
8.假设以S和X分别表示入栈和出栈操作，则对输入序列5,4,3,2,1进行一系列栈操作SSXSXSSXXX之后，得到的输出序列为：[08]。
9.具有9190个结点的完全二叉树的深度为：[09]。
10.由10000个结点构成的二叉排序树，在等概率查找的假设下，查找成功时的平均查找长度的最大值可能达到[10]。
三、解答题(本大题共6小题，每小题15分共90分)1.已知对有序表{12,14,16,17,18,19,20,30,40,41,43,45,46,47,48,49,50,67,88,90}进行折半查找时，完成下列问题：[1](5分)画出判定树；[2](5分)求在等概率时查找成功的平均查找长度；[3](5分)求查找失败时所需的最多的关键字比较次数。
2.已知某系统在通信联络中使用的字符集为{a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h}，这8个字符在电文中出现的概率分别为{0.05,0.17,0.005,0.045,0.33,0.02,0.32,0.06}，完成下列问题：[1](5分)构造赫夫曼(Huffman)树(要求树中左孩子结点的权值小于右孩子结点的权值)；[2](5分)写出每个字符对应的赫夫曼(Huffman)编码；[3](5分)赫夫曼(Huffman)编码的平均码长和等长编码相比，它使电文总长平均压缩的百分比是多少？3.已知连通网N(带权无向图)，如第1页图3所示。
2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析-推荐下载
2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one大1家of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is to大2家大3家say it anyway. He is that bird, a scientist who works independently any大4家institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.大5家大6家he, however, might tremble at the of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 大7家that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process大8家that has brought this about. The group in are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.大9家大10家This group generally do well in IQ test, 12-15 points above the大11家value of 100, and have contributed to the intellectual and cultural life of the 大12家West, as the of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 大13家. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic大14家diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, , have previously been thought大15家unrelated. The former has been to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 大16家大17家education. The latter was seen as a (an) of genetic isolation. Dr.大18家Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately . His大19家argument is that the unusual history of these people has them to unique大20家evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this state of affairs.1.[A] selected[B] prepared[C] obliged[D] pleased2.[A] unique[B] particular[C] special[D] rare3.[A] of[B] with[C] in[D] against4.[A] subsequently[B] presently[C] previously[D] lately5.[A] Only[B] So[C] Even[D] Hence6.[A] thought[B] sight[C] cost[D] risk7.[A] advises[B] suggests[C] protests[D] objects8.[A] progress[B] fact[C] need[D] question9.[A] attaining[B] scoring[C] reaching[D] calculating10.[A] normal[B] common[C] mean[D] total11.[A] unconsciously[B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably12.[A] missions[B] fortunes[C] interests[D] careers13.[A] affirm[B] witness[C] observe[D] approve14.[A] moreover[B] therefore[C] however[D] meanwhile15.[A] given up[B] got over[C] carried on[D] put down16.[A] assessing[B] supervising[C] administering[D] valuing17.[A] development[B] origin[C] consequence[D] instrument18.[A] linked[B] integrated[C] woven[D] combined19.[A] limited[B] subjected[C] converted[D] directed20.[A] paradoxical[B] incompatible[C] inevitable[D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding waysto diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22.Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to more stress.23.According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.24.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, andresearchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26.In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.27.Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28.According to the text, online publication is significant in that[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29.With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.30.Which of the following best summarizes the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32.Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35.The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children – though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slavestheir freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36.George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37.We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38.What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40.Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)是大家网原创出品Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42)是大家网原创出品Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43)是大家网原创出品Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44)是大家网原创出品These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)是大家网原创出品Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times – and then again – working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A]To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines sothat you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B]After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, payparticular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C]It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printermay look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D]It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you havedeveloped a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E]Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, whichexplains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.[F]In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P,” thestudent brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G]By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, youwill very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.(48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, suchas every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2008年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1.B2.D3.A4.C5.C6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.B12.D13.A14.C15.D16.D17.C18.A19.B20.A Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21.A22.D23.C24.B25.D26.D27.C28.A29.A30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.C36.D37.B38.C39.A40.BPart B (10 points)41.D42.G43.A44.C45.EPart C (10 points)46.他认为或许正因为（语言表达上的）这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。
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山东理工大学 2008 年硕士研究生招生考试试题（A 卷）
注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。
考试科目：工程流体力学 一、简答题（5×6=30 分） 1．什么是流体的粘性？温度的变化对粘性有怎样的影响，为什么？ 2．什么是绝对压强、相对压强和真空度，并简述它们之间的关系。
3．简述什么是缓变流、均匀流和急变流。
4．什么是水泵的气蚀现象？应如何防止气蚀现象的发生。
5．工况调节的方法有哪些？并简述其特点。
二、计算题 1、 （12 分）已知体积为 500 升的水银，质量为 6795kg，试求水银的密度、重度和比重。
2、 （18 分）如右图所示的容器中，左侧玻璃 管顶端封闭，液面上气体的绝对压强为 p/01=0.75at（工程大气压） ，右侧倒装玻璃管内的 液体为汞，汞柱高 h2=120mm，容器内 A 点的淹没 深度 hA=2.0m，当地大气压为 1at，求 1）容器内 空气的绝对压强 p/02 和真空度 pv2 （以应力单位计） ； 2）A 点的相对压强 pA；3）左侧玻璃管内水面高 出容器内水面的高度 h1。
3、 （20 分）如图所示在水箱的泄水孔上装有 一矩形闸门，其宽 a=1m 和长 b=2m，门的上缘在 水面下的淹没深度 h1=3m，闸门可绕 O 轴转动，并 可用与水平面成θ=45°的索链开启。
求开启闸门 时所需的拉力 T。
矩形 I xC = 1 3 bh 。
12
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4、 （30 分）如图所示，流量为 0.06m3 的水流过变直 径的管段，断面 1 处的管径 d1=200mm，压强 p1 = 120kN/m2，断面 2 处的直径 d2=100mm，两断面高差为 2.5m，试求：如果不计水头损失，1）水向上流时，求 断面 2 的压强及水银压差计的读数；2）水向下流时， 求断面 2 的压强及水银压差计的读数。
5、 （20 分）如图所示，输水管道的变径水平弯管， 转角θ=60°，直径由 d1=200mm 变为 d2=150mm。
已知弯 管前后断面的压强 p1=18KN/m2, p2=6KN/m2,通过的流量 Q=0.1 m3/s，求水流对弯管的作用力。
6、 （20 分）作用在高速飞行炮弹上的阻力 D 与炮弹的飞行速度 v、密度 ρ 和动力粘度 μ，重力加速度 g 有关，试用定理确定阻力的关系式 D= Φ (Re,M)v2d2ρ 。
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山东理工大学 2008 年硕士研究生招生考试试题（B 卷）
注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。
考试科目：工程流体力学 一、简答题（5×6=30 分） 2．什么是流体的粘性？温度的变化对粘性有怎样的影响，为什么？ 2．什么是绝对压强、相对压强和真空度，并简述它们之间的关系。
3．简述什么是缓变流、均匀流和急变流。
4．什么是水泵的气蚀现象？应如何防止气蚀现象的发生。
5．工况点的调节方法有哪些？并简述其特点。
二、计算题 1、 （15 分）已知体积为 500 升的水银，质量为 6795kg，试求水银的密度、重度和比重。
2. （15 分）如图所示，封闭水箱的测压管及箱 中水面高程分别为▽1=100cm 和▽4=80cm， 水银压差 计右端高程▽ 2=20cm，问左端水银面高程▽ 3 为多 少？
3. （15 分）如图所示，一变径管段 AB，直径 dA=0.2m，dB=0.4m，高差 Δh=1.0m，今 测得 pA=30kpa，pB=40kpa，断面平均流速 vB=2.0m/s。
试判断水在管中的流动方向。
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山东理工大学 2008 年硕士研究生招生考试试题（B 卷）
注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。
考试科目：工程流体力学 4、 （30 分）如图三所示，流量为 0.06m3 的水流 过变直径的管段，断面 1 处的管径 d1=200mm，压强 p1 = 120kN/m2，断面 2 处的直径 d2=100mm，两断面 高差为 2.5m，试求：如果不计水头损失，1）水向上 流时，求断面 2 的压强及水银压差计的读数；2）水 向下流时，求断面 2 的压强及水银压差计的读数。
5、 （25 分） 如图所示， 输水管道的变径水平弯管， 转角θ=60°，直径由 d1=200mm 变为 d2=150mm。
已 知弯管前后断面的压强 p1=18KN/m2, p2=6KN/m2,通过 的流量 Q=0.1 m3/s，求水流对弯管的作用力。
6、 （20 分）已知有压管道流动中，压强损失Δp 与流体的密度 ρ，运动粘度系数ν，管 道长度 l、直径 d、管壁粗糙度Δ以及流速 v 有关，试用π定理确定压强损失的表达式。
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。