东南大学研究生学位英语试卷b
2022研究生学位英语考试真题及答案
2022研究生学位英语考试真题及答案全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys, have you ever wondered what kind of questions are on the 2022 postgraduate English exam? Today, I'm going to share the questions and answers with you!Question 1:Fill in the blank with the correct word:She likes to play piano _____ her brother likes to play guitar.Answer:whileQuestion 2:Choose the correct option:I _____ to the supermarket yesterday.a) gob) goesc) wentAnswer:c) wentQuestion 3:Make a sentence using the words provided:Dog - park - happyAnswer:The dog is happy playing in the park.Question 4:Write a short paragraph about your favorite animal.Answer:My favorite animal is a panda. Pandas are so cute and fluffy. They love to eat bamboo and play in the trees. I wish I could hug a panda one day!Question 5:Translate the following sentence into English:。
东南大学 学位英语 unit1-3 (word版 课件 )
The Green BananaBy Donald Batchelder➢para. 1—4 chance encounter with the green banana used as glue and the rock marking the center of the world➢Para. 5—8 reflection on the implication of the green banana and the center of the worldAlthough it might have happened…➢情态动词(might, must, etc) + have done表示推测可能性➢他房间里的灯亮着，他可能在家。
➢He must/might have been at home as the light in his room is on.➢情态动词(should, ought to) + have done表示应该做但实际上没有做。
➢你应该告诉我实情。
这样，我也就不会在她面前出洋相了。
➢You should have told me the truth. If so, I wouldn’t have m ade a fool of myself before her.my encounter with the green banana✶n. sudden or unexpected meeting 突然或意外的相遇✶v. meet unexpectedly邂逅; meet or find oneself faced by (sth./sb. unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc)遇到或发现自己面临✶今天上午逛街时遇到一个多年不见的同学，令我兴奋不已。
✶It was exciting for me to encounter one of my classmates I haven’t seen for years when I was window shopping this morning.on a steep mountain roadsteep：(of a slope, stairs, etc) rising or falling sharply, not gradually; precipitous 陡的；陡峭的；陡直的in the interior of Brazilinterior--exteriorinternal 内在的--external 外在的(国家)内政internal affairs➢n. the part of a country that is farthest away from the coast内地；腹地➢adj. [only before noun仅用于名词前] inside or indoors 内部的；里面的；室内的➢西藏是中国的一个内陆省份。
东南大学2007研究生专业英语试卷
2007年硕士研究生专业英语考试卷Part 1 Translation (60 minutes) (60%)Section A: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (30 minutes) (30%)Managers advancing into the fog of the future tend to either cling to the fiction of prediction despite limited visibility or veer to the other extreme, relying on good luck and hustle and hoping for the best. Neither extreme is effective or necessary. Indeed, a careful examination of volatile markets over time reveals recurrent patterns. Understanding these patterns can help executives navigate a foggy future.It was only when the company began to look at customer information in a more holistic fashion - gathering, consolidating, and analyzing all of its customer interaction information in a single pool - that it was able to correct such inefficiencies. Now everyone who is delayed for, say, nine hours gets the same compensation, and when a gate agent hands a passenger a flight voucher, that transaction is reflected immediately in the customer information database. The passenger will be denied a second voucher even if he gets to a phone within a few seconds.An even bigger problem is getting past correlations in the data to be able to argue causality. If a researcher finds that highly successful companies tend to have formal knowledge management initiatives, for example, does that mean that explicit management of knowledge is a key to success? Or does it mean that knowledge management is the kind of organizational boondoggle that only a company flush with cash indulges in? Making the argument for causality in one direction or the other requires not only a sufficient data set but also a rational model for how the observed phenomena relate to known outcomes.Section B: Translate the following paragraphs into English (30 minutes) (30%)任何决策都无法回避风险。
研究生学位英语试卷及答案.docx
研究生学位英语复习EST1Part I Listening ComprehensionSection 1, Conversation (10 minutes, 10 points)Section 2, Passages (10 minutes, 10 points)Part II: Cloze Test (10 minutes, 15 points)Scientists who study the Earth's climate are convinced that volcano eruptions have a significant effect on general weather patterns. In fact, one of the many (36) which attempt to explain how an icc age begins holds that the (37) is a dramatic increase in volcanic eruptions. The volcanic explosions, besides causing local thunderstorms and lightning, inject great amounts of gas and (38)_into the stratosphere (同温层).At this (39), the volcanic material spreads all the way around the Earth・ This volcanic material (40) a certain amount of sunlight and (41) some back into space・ The net result is to (42) the planets surface・ For instance, 43 was perhaps the largest eruption occuned in 1883 when the Indonesia volcano Krakatoa exploded. The following year was (44) in Europe as the H year without summer0 because the (45) was so cool and rainy.While there is (46) scientific agreement that volcanic eruption can lead to cooling, (47) of how this happens are not clear. As a result, scientists cannot (48) whether the volcanic activity which (49) past icc ages would result (50) sufficient cooling to cause a glacial period・ Similarly, it is not possible for scientists to predict the climate effect of a future volcanic eruption with any confidence・36. A. theories B・ inventions C. judgments D. discoveries37.A. cause B. course C・means D. case38. A. petroleum B. ash C. flame D. garbage39. A. relation B. instance C・ moment D. altitude40. A. scatters B・ releases C. constitutes D・ absorbs41. A. carnes B. converts C. reflects D. gathers42. A. cool B. warm C. freeze D. heat43. A. such B. what C. there D. that44. A. known B. reported C. marked D. testified45. A. air B. temperature C. sky D. weather46. A. committed B. optimistic C・general D. absolute47. A・ indexes B・ predictions C・ details D. decisions48. A. analyze B. determine C. assure D・ assume49. A. confronted B. promoted C・ proceed D. preceded50. A. in B. from C. to D. with Part I ReadingPassage OneWe use emotive language to express our own attitudes and feelings・ We also direct emotive language at other people to persuade them to believe as we do or to do as we want them to do; and, of course, other people direct emotive language at us to get us to believe or to do what they want.We are subjected to a constant stream of persuasion day in, day out, at home and in school, on the radio and on television. It comes from parents and teachers, from preachers and politicians, from editors and commentators, but, most of all, of course, from advertisers. Most of this persuasion is expressed in emotive language and is intended to appeal to our feelings rather than to be weighed up by our powers of reasoning・Wc should look at the motives behind all this persuasion. Why do they want to persuade us? What do they want us to do? We are not thinking very clearly unless we try to see through the veil of words and realize something of the speaker's purpose.An appeal to emotion is in itself neither good or bad. Our emotions exist and they are part of our personality. On some occasions people appeal to our emotions on the highest levels and from the best of motives. A case in point is ChurchilVs wartime speeches: whatever people thought of Churchill as a politician, they were united behind him when he spoke as national leader in those dark days ― their feelings responded to his call for resolution and unity.It is a characteristic of social groups that the members have a feeling of personal attachment to the group ■一to the family in earliest childhood and extending later to the school, the team, the church, the nation, in patterns that vary from time to time. Hence a speaker from our group will find in us feelings to which he can readily and genuinely appeal, whether our reaction is favorable or not. We are at least open to the appeal and we appreciate the context in which it is made・1.The major functions of emotive language discussed in the passage are Io ・・A.extend our powers of reasoning and carry out a purposeB.advertise and produce the wanted social effectsC・ show one's feelings and appeal to those of othersD. make others believe in us and respond to our feelings2.It is suggested in the third paragraph of this passage that wcA should keep a cool head when subjected to persuasion of various kindsB need to judge whether a persuasion is made for good or badC・ have to carefully use our emotive languageD・ should avoid being easily seen through by an appeal from others3.The source from which emotive language flows upon us in its greatest amount is ・・A.the mass mediaB. the educational institutionsC.the religious circles D・ the advertising business4.Churchill is mentioned in the passage as」A.an example of how people weighed up persuasion with reasoningB・ a national leader who brought out people's best feelingsC・ a positive example of appealing to people's motionD.a politician who has been known as a good speaker5.What is NOT mentioned as relevant to our emotions in this passage?A.Social contextB. Personal experienceC. The personality of national leadersD. Religious belief6.It can be inferred from the passage that a persuasive speaker must ・A.find out what group his audience is attached toB.vary his speech patterns from time to timeC.know how to adapt his way of speaking to the needs of the audienceD.be aware whether the listeners are favorable to his opinion or notPassage TwoAs goods and services improved, people were persuaded to spend their money on changing from old to new, and found the change worth the expenses. When an airline equipped itself with jets, for example, its costs ( and therefore air fare) would go up, but the new planes meant such an improvement that the higher cost was justified. A new car ( or wireless, washing machine, electric kettle) made life so much more comfortable than the old one that the high cost of replacement was fully repaid. Manufacturers still cry their wares as persuasively as ever, but are the improvements really worth paying for? In many fields things have now reached such a high standard of performance that further progress is very limited and very expensive. Airlines, for example, go to enormous expense in buying the latest prestige jets, in which vast research costs have been spent on relatively small improvements. If we scrap these vast costs we might lose the chance of cutting minutes away from flying times, but wouldn't it be better to see air fares drop dramatically, as capital costs become relatively insignificant? Again, in the context of a 70mph limit, with platoons of cars traveling so densely as to control each other's speeds, improvements in performance are virtually iiTelevanl; improvements in handling are unnecessary, as most production cars grip the road perfectly; and comfort has now reached a very high level indeed・ Small improvements here are unlikely to be worth the thousands that anybody replacing an ordinary family car every two years may ultimately have spent on them. Let us instead have cars ■一or wireless, electric kettles, washing machines, television sets ■一which are made to last, and not to be replaced・Significant progress is obviously a good thing; but the insignificant progression from model-change to modcl-changc is not.7.The author obviously is challenging the social norm that ・•A.it is. important to improve goods and servicesB・ development of technology makes our life more comfortableC.it is reasonable that prices are going up all the timeD.slightly modified new products are worth buying8.According to this passage, air fares may rise because -rA people tend to travel by new airplanesB.the airplane has been improvedC.the change is found to be reasonableD.the service on the airplane is better than before9.According to the author, passengers would be happier if theyA.could fly in the latest model of reputable planesB・ could get tickets at much lower pricesC・ see the airlines make vital changes in their servicesD. could spend less time flying in the air10.When manufacturers have improved the performance of their products to a certain level, thenit would be_. .A.justified for them to cut the priceB.unnecessary for them to make any new changesC.difficult and costly to further better themD.insignificant for them to cut down the research costs11.In the case of cars, the author urges that we -・A.can cel the speed limitB. further improve the performanceC・ improve the durability D・ change models every two years12.The author's criticism is probably based on the fact that ・・A.we have been persuaded to live an extravagant life today B・ many products we buy turn out to be substandard or inferiorC.inflation is becoming a big problem in the world todayD.people arc wasting their money on trivial technological progressPassage ThreeRecent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women's market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is that women are concentrated in occupations — service and clerical — that pay less than traditional male jobs. It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round, lifetime career or job for many reasons There is lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are not cut out for certain jobs・ Not only does this attitude channel women into lower-paying work, but it also serves to keep them from top management positions・Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child-bearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities・ The ages of25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security・ These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman's income is more likely to be seen as secondary to her husband's・13.According to recent studies on the male-female wage gap,」A.there is much hope of narrowing the male-female wage gap in the near futureB.working women will have many opportunities to hold high-paying jobs in the near futureC・ women's pay will still stay al a level below that of men in the near futureD. salaries for males and females in the same occupation will be equal in the near future14.Women arc kept from top management positions partly because they - •A.decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twentiesB.are inclined to rank family second to workC.tend to have more quaiTels with their employersD・ still take an inconect attitude towards themselves15.Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reason for women's concentration in certain occupations?A.Social division of labor.B. Social prejudice against themC・ Employment laws. D. Physiological weakness・16.The worcT 伽go" in Paragraph 2 could be best replaced by - •A.give upB. drop outC.throwawayD. cut out17.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that -・A.merfs jobs are subject to changeB.women tend to be employed off and on at the same jobC.men' chances of promotion are minimalD.women used to be employed all the year round18.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Women's market skills have improved greatly・B.Child care is still chiefly women's workC・ Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs・D.Domestic duties no longer conflict with women's jobs.Passage FourIt seems that the life of a television reporter is fantastically admired by many people. But this is only one side of the coin. First, he never goes deeply into anyone subject ― he may be expert at mastering a brief in a short time and M gctting up H a subject, but a week later he is on to the next subject, and a week later still he is on to the subject after that. He seldom grasps with a full-scale investigation anyone thing. He has to be able to forget what he was working on a few weeks before, otherwise his mind would become messed up.Second, a reporter does not have anything lasting to show for what he does — there is no shelf of books, no studio full of paintings・ He pours his life into something which flickers in shadows across a screen and is gone forever・ I have seen people in many television jobs turn at the end of watching one of their own programs and say something like: H Well, that's all those days/weeks/months of work. Travel and worry sunk without trace." As a way of life it conics to seem like blowing bubbles ■一entertaining to do, and the bubbles numerous and pretty to look at, and all different, but all disappearing into thin air.Third, the pace of life is too fast. Not only is it destructive of one's private life, one does not even have time to give proper consideration to the things one is professionally concerned with -not enough time to think, not enough time to read, not enough lime to write one's commentary, prepare one's interviews and so on. When one disengages from it and allows one's perceptions, thinking, reading and the rest to proceed at their natural pace one gets analtogether unfamiliar sense of solidarity and well-being・Fourth, the reporter is at the mercy of events. A revolution breaks out in Cuba so he is off there on the next plane ・ Somebody shoots President Reagan so he drops everything he is doing and flies to Washington. He is like a puppet pulled by strings ™ the strings of the world's affairs. He is not motivated from within. He does not dec ide for himself what he would like to do, where he would like to go, what he would like to work on. He is activated from without, and his whole life becomes a kind of reflex action, a series of high-pressure responses to external stimuli. He has ceased to exist as an independent personality.19. A TV reporter never makes an in-depth study of a subject becauseA.he usually gets one side of the pictureB.the subjects that he has to attend to often switch from one to anotherC.he does not know how to develop it to its full scaleD.that is the life that suits him20.A. it is implied but not stated that many people ・・A.know nothing about the work of a TV repor 1 erB.think the life of a TV reporter dull and boringC・ have a biased opinion against the job of a TV reporterD.tend to underestimate the hard part of being a TV reporter21 TV reporting, according to this passage, is something _______ ・A.profitable for a person to take upB.interesting to do but quick to fade outC・ causing a person to forget his previous workD・ producing a lasting effect22.A TV reporter is in most need of - •A. being a master of his timeB・ proper consideration of his professionC.a comfortable life of his ownD.disengaging himself from work23.The activities of a TV reporter are largely geared to ・・A. his motivationB. his working styleC.current affairsD. reflex to pressures24.The title of this passage would best be given as ・・A.What a TV Reporter Can and Cannot AccomplishB.The S OITOWS of TV ProfessionalsC.The Confession of a TV ReporterD.The Drawbacks in the Life of a TV ReporterPaper TwoPail IV Reading and Answering Questions (25 minutes, 10 points)The conflict between what in its present mood the public expects science to achieve in satisfaction of popularhopes and what is really in its power is a serious matter because・ even if the true scientists should all recognize the limitations of what they can do in the field of human affairs, so long as the public expects more there will always be some who will pretend, and perhaps honestly believe, that they can do more to meet popular demands than is really in their power. It is often difficult enough for the expert, and cel lainly in many instances impossible for the layman, to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate claims advanced in the name of science. The enormous publicity recently given by the media to a report pronouncing in the name of science of The Limits to Growth, and the silence of the same media about the devastating criticism this report has received from the competent experts, must make one feel somewhat apprehensive about the use to which the prestige of science can be put. But it is by no means only in the field of economics that far-reaching claims arc made on behalf of a more scientific direction of all human activities and the desirability of replacing spontaneous processes by H conscious human control".If I am not mistaken, psychology, psychiatry and some branches of sociology, not to speak about the so-called philosophy of history, are even more affected by what I have called the scientistic prejudice, and by specious claims of what science can achieve・Questions :What is the main thought of the passage? What should be our correct attitude towards science?回答该项问题一般要注意，第一问主要是结合文章回答问题，可以或多或少的引用文中内容回答，第二问主要是考察我们研究生对某个现象的认识。
东南大学《理解当代中国英语演讲》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
东南大学《理解当代中国英语演讲》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷院(系)_______ 班级_______ 学号_______ 姓名_______1、This book is said to be the special one, which ________ many events that cannot be found in other history books.A．covers B．writesC．prints D．reads2、—What a mess! You’re always throwing things about.—Don’t be ____, Mum. I will tidy it up now.A．hot under the collar B．on cloud nineC．off the top of your head D．down in the dumps3、She must have ranked her birthday presents in order of _because the top one is her favorite．A．value B．time C．interest D．preference4、--- It’s raining hard and we can’t go picnicking today.---If only the weather _____ fine!A．is B．were C．had been D．would be5、I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else's fault.A．who B．thatC．as D．what6、— I wonder what chance there is of me passing by the old places without thinking of you.— ______. Time cures all wounds.A．My pleasure B．Don’t me ntion it C．I can’t agree more D．Never mind7、You’ll recognize me when you get out of the station. I______ jeans and a white T-shirt. A．will be wearing B．had wornC．was wearing D．have worn8、During ______ afternoon, the rain became smaller, but towards__________ evening, there was a sudden landslide that buried the village.A．/; the B．the; / C．the; the D．an; the9、Within even the weakest of human bodies lies a life that is precious indeed--- ____ needs to be respected and honored.A．something that B．one C．one that D．something10、The college examination is ________________ easier this year than I have expected. A．fairly B．quiteC．rather D．very第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
东南大学学位英语Unit 02 How to Write Style完整课文与答案
Section A Intensive Reading and WritingHow to Write with styleBy Kurt V onnegut[1] Newspaper reporters and technical writers are trained to reveal almost nothing about themselves in their writings. This makes them freaks in the world of writers, since almost all of the other ink-stained wretches in that world reveal a lot about themselves to readers. We call these revelations, accidental and intentional, elements of style.[2] These revelations tell us as readers what sort of person it is with whom we are spending time. Does the writer sound ignorant or informed, stupid or bright, crooked or honest, humorless or playful? And on and on.[3] Why should you examine your writing style with the idea of improving it? Do so as a mark of respect for your readers, whatever you’re writing. If you scribble your thoughts any which way, your readers will surely feel that you care nothing about them. They will mark you down as an egomaniac or a chowderhead -or, worse, they will stop reading you.[4] The most damning revelation you can make about yourself is that you do not know what is interesting and what is not. Don’t you yourself like or dislike writers mainly for what they choose to show you or make you think about? Did you ever admire an emptyheaded writer for his or her mastery of the language ? No.[5] So your own winning style must begin with ideas with ideas in your head.1. Find a subject you care about[6] Find a subject you care about and which you in your heart feel others shouldcare about. It is this genuine caring, and not your games with language , which will be the most compelling and seductive element in your style.[7] I am not urging you to write an novel, by the way – although I would not be sorry if you wrote one, provided you genuinely cared about something. A petition to the mayor about a pothole in front of your house or a love letter to the girl next door will do.2. Do not ramble, though[8] I won’t ramble on about that.3. Keep it simple[9] As for your use of language: Remember that two great masters of language, William Shakespeare and James Joyce, wrote sentences which were almost childlike when their subjects were most profound. “To be or not to be?” asks Shakespeare’s Hamlt. The longest word is three letters long. Joyce, when he was frisky, could put together a sentence as intricate and as glittering as a necklace for Cleopatra, but my favorite sentence in his short story , “Evelin”is this one: “She was tried.”At that point in the story, no other words could break the heart of a reader as those three words do.[10] Simplicity of language is not only reputable, but perhaps even sacred. The Bible opens with a sentence well within the writing skills of a lively fourteen-year-old: “In the beginning God created the neaven and the earth.”4. Have guts to cut[11] It may be that you, too, are capable of making necklaces for Cleopatra, so to speak. But your eloquence should be the servant of the ideas in your head. Your rulemight be this: If a sentence, no matter how excellent, does not illuminate your subject in some new and useful way, scratch it out.5. Sound like yourself[12] The writing style which is most natural for you is bound to echo the speech you heard when a child. English was Conrad’s third language , and much that seems piquant in his use of English was no doubt colored by his first language, which was Polish. And lucky indeed is the writer who has grown up in Ireland, for the English spoken there is so amusing and musical. I myself grew up in Indianapolis, where common speech sounds like a band saw cutting galvanized tin, and employs a vocabulary as unornamental as a monkey wrench.[13] In some of the more remote hollows of Appalachia, children still grow up hearing songs and locutions of Elizabethan times. Yes, and many Americans grow up hearing a language other than English, or an English dialect a majority of Americans cannot understand.[14] All these varieties of speech are beautiful , just as the varieties of butterflies are beautiful, No matter what your first language, you should treasure it all your life, If it happens to not be standard English, and if it shows itself when you write standard English, the result is usually delightful, like a very pretty girl with one eye that is green and one that is blue.[15] I myself find that I trust my own writing most, and others seem to trust it most , too, when I sound most like a person from Indianapolis, which is what I am. What alternatives do I have? The one most vehemently recommended by teachers has no doubt been pressed on you, as well: to write like cultivated Englishmen of acentury or more ago.6. Say what you mean[16] I used to be exasperated by exasperated by such teachers, but am no more, I understand now that all those antique essays and stories with which I was to compare my own work were not magnificent for their datedness or foreignness, but for saying precisely what their authors meant them to say. My teachers wished me to write accurately, always selecting the most effective words, and relating the words to one another unambiguously, rigidly, like parts of a machine. The teachers did not want to turn me into an Englishman after all. They hoped that I would become understandable—and therefore understood. And there went my dream of doing with words what words what Pablo Picasso did with paint or what any number of jazz idols did with music. If I broke all the rules of punctuation, has words mean whatever I wanted them to mean, and strung them together higgledy- piggledy, I would simply not be understood. So you , too, had better avoid Picasso-style writing, if you have something worth saying and wish to be understood.[17] Readers want our pages to look very muck like pages they have seen before. Why? This is because they themselves have a tough job to do, and they need all the help they can get from us.7. Pity the readers[18] They have to identify thousands of little marks on paper, and make sense of them immediately. They have to read, an art so difficult that most people don’t really master it even after having studied it all through grade school and high school–twelve long years.[19] So this discussion must finally acknowledge that out stylistic options as writers are neither numerous nor glamorous, since out readers are bound to be such imperfect artists. Our audience requires us to be sympathetic and patient readers, ever willing to simplify and clarify- whereas we would rater soar high above the crowd, singing like nightingales.[20] That is the bad news. The good news is that we Americans are governed under a unique Constitution, which allows us to write whatever we please without fear of punishment. So the most meaningful aspect of out styles, which is what we choose to write about, is utterly unlimited.8. For really detailed advice[21] For a discussion of literary style in a narrower sense, in a more technical sense, I recommend to your attention The Elements of style, by William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White. E. B. White is, of course, one of the most admirable literary stylists this county has so far produced. You should realize, too, that no one would care how well or badly Mr. White expressed himself, if he did not have perfectly enchanting things to say.Part I Comprehension of the Text1. What is Kurt V onnegut arguing in his writing? What’s his understanding of writing style?2. What kind of language style does he use in this essay?3. What does the author mean by mentioning “Picasso style and jazz style”?4. Does the author practice what he preaches in his writing?5. What does the author suggest at the end of this essay?Part II VocabularyA. Choose the one from the four choices that best explains the underlined word or phrase.1. He finds himself involved with a crooked businessman and a group of thugs who attempt to sabotage his invention.A. distortedB. twistedC. dishonestD. deceptive2. He remembered how proud and haughty her face was and scratched out the word he had written.A. polishedB. perishedC. deletedD. depleted3. If you choose credit counseling as a strategy for your debt, you must make sure you’re choosing a reputable company and not a scammer.A. well-knownB. professionalC. reliableD. respectable4. He added that nature gave him everything he need as a champion-unusual strength, stamina, a terrific punch, and plenty of guts.A. wisdomB. courageC. wealthD. charm5. Qualitative research strategies of interview, participant observation, and field notes were used to illuminate the topic.A. reinforceB. decorateC. paraphraseD. interpret6. He suddenly found himself exasperated by slow moving pedestrians, and, like a true New Yorker, began darting around them instead.A. provokedB. offendedC. annoyedD. disappointed7. As one moves through this colourful world of Indian handicrafts, many intricate paintings and sculptures catch the eye.A. charmingB. elegantC. delicateD. complicated8. Many judges will acknowledge that one of the most difficult aspects of a criminal case is sentencing.A. admitB. assertC. proveD. agree9. Its charming towns and picturesque landscapes provide the enchantingsurroundings for your sparkling romantic holiday treat.A. magnificentB. compellingC. genuineD. glamorous10. Circumstances beyond my control have left me with no alternative but to returnmy vehicle to lender.A. meansB. optionC. fashionD. mannerB. Choose the one from the four choices that best completes the sentence.1. The infinite beauty of a reverse navel ring ___________with dual colors in the trio of stones that fill the center of the continuous infinity design.A. twinklesB. simmersC. flashesD. glitters2. He was early _____________as a man of ability and maturity of character, a promise fully realized in his many great achievements.A. marked downB. turned downC. looked upD. agreed upon3. When he was not quite able to follow, Newton just took the pad from his friend’s hands and _____________his own remarks into the notebook.A. stumbledB. scrabbledC. scribbledD. scrupled4. There are many reports of the Prophet’s mastery of the Arabic tongue together with his _________ and fluency of speech.A. eloquenceB. sequenceC. frequencyD. delinquency5. These stories and the principles principles drawn from them are ___________toyou for your benefit and learning and enjoyment.A. commentedB. commendedC. commandedD. commenced6. Some applicants may _________ on about themselves in a manner that may appear self-indulgent and not very appealing to the committee.A. rambleB. tumbleC. complainD. chatter7. Cherry tomatoes have a strong taste and are very juicy-this makes them ideal for creating this ___________sauce.A. vehementB. friskyC. disgustingD. piquant8. To help soldiers _________ data from drones, satellites and ground sensors, the U.S. military now issues the iPod Touch.A. take advantage ofB. make sense ofC. take notice ofD. make use of9. As the same way, we need to listen to some fascinating English materials as many as possible, so that we can ___________ our interest to learn it.A. motivateB. cultivateC. advocateD. retaliate10. Her 8-year-old daughter was adorable as she got to meet her __________, Simon, whom she praises for his negativity.A. imageB. idiotC. idolD. tokenC. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the word given in theparenthesis.1. Many philosophers hold ________ about mental properties, and manyphilosophers hold humility about fundamental physical properties. ( reveal )2. By the mid 20th century, humans had achieved a ________ of technology sufficient to leave the atmosphere of the Earth for the first time and explore space. ( master )3. Despite the apparent ______ of the water molecule, liquid water is one of the mostmysterious substances in out world. ( simple )4. On this level, a common protocol to structure the data is used; the format of the information exchange is ________ defined. ( ambiguity)5. It was expected that these images will look charming and __________, but thefinal result was a bit different. ( glamour)6. I find it hard to be _________ about a man who used his wealth and power tomolest children and to then evade justice. ( sympathy)7. The question is whether or not it is possible to bottle these pheromones and use them for our own _________ advantage. ( seduce)8. Despite the gruesome images on cigarette packs, a survey shows Australiansmoker are surprisingly ________ of the dangers of the habit. ( ignore)9. In several poems the reader will encounter the plain, ________ language really used by common man, and this goes straight to the heart. ( ornament)10. Many new illustrations help to _______the text and make the book moreinstructive to students and practitioners. ( clear)Part III ClozeDirections: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one suitable word or phrase for each blank in the passage.It is very difficult to arriver at a full description of style that is acceptable to all scholars. As such there are many definitions of the word style __1_________ there are scholars yet no __2_________is reached among them on what style is. Chapman is of the view that style is the product of a common relationship between language users. He _3______ said that style is not an ornament or virtue and is not __4______ to written language, or to literature or to any single aspect of language.Language is human __5_______ and used in society. No human language is fixed, uniform, or varying; all languages show internal variation. This variation sows the _6_______ feature of individuals or a group of people which is usually referred to as style. Style is popularly _7_________ to as “dress”of thought, as a person’s method of _8_______ his thought, feelings and emotions, as the manner of speech or writing. From the definition above, one can __9_______ that style is the particular way in which an individual communicates his thought which _10______ him from others.Style can _11_______ be defined as the variation in an individual’s speech which is _12________ by the situation of use. From the definition above, style is described as the variations in language usage. In _13________, style is conditioned by the manner in which an individual makes use of language.Middleton is of the view that style refers to personal idiosyncrasy, the technique of __14______ and Chatman says that style means manner-the manner in which the from executed or the content expressed. From the definitions above, it can be deduced that style is__15______ to every individual or person and it is a product of the function of language as a means of communication.1. A. as B. because C. when D. since2. A. conscience B. consistence C. conclusion D. consensus3. A. otherwise B. further C. moreover D. besides4. A. confined B. confirmed C. confronted D. confided5. A. friendly B. concerned C. specific D. related6. A. instinct B. extinct C. district D. distinct7. A. looked B. referred C. viewed D. defined8. A. expressing B. explaining C. exploring D. exploiting9. A. seduce B. induce C. deduce D. reduce10. A. extinguishes B. separates C. distributes D. distinguishes11. A. yet B. also C. either D. only12. A. occasioned B. influenced C. determined D. demonstrated13. A. contrast B. return C. addition D. essence14. A. exposure B. exposition C. disposition D. expression15. A. subject B. accessible C. unique D. essentialPart IV WritingDirections: Develop each of he following topics into an essay of about 200 words.1. The Importance of Punctuation2. The Standards of an Essay3. Essay Writing and English LearningSection B Extensive Reading and TranslationVariety and Style in Language[1] All of us change out behaviour to fit different situations. We are festive, often noisy at weddings and birthday celebrations, sympathetic at funerals, attentive at lectures, serious and respectful at religious services. Even the clothes we wear on these different occasions may vary. Our table manners are not the same at a picnic as in a restaurant or at a formal dinner party. When we speak with close friends, we are free to interrupt them and we will not be offended if they interrupt us; when we speak to employers, however, we are inclined to hear them out before saying anything ourselves. If we don’t make such adjustments, we are likely to get into trouble, We may fail to accomplish our purpose and we are almost sure to considered ill-mannered or worse. From one point of view, language is behaviour; it is part of the we act. It builds a bridge of communication without which society could not even exist. And like every other kind of behaviour, it must be adjusted to fit different contexts or situations where it is used. When we think of all the adjustments regularly made in any on e language, we speak of language variety. When we think of the adjustments any one person makes in different situations, we use the term style. [2] Among people who are used to a writing system, there is one adjustment everyone makes, They speak one way and write another way. Most speech is in the form of ordinary conversation, where speakers can stop and repeat themselves if they sense that they are being misunderstood. They are constantly monitoring themselves as their message comes across to the listeners. But writers cannot do this. (1) They often monitor what they write, of course, going back over their writing to see that it isclear and unambiguous; but this is before the communication occurs, not while it is happening. Once writers have passed their writing on to someone else, they cannot change it.[3] Speakers can use intonation, stress, and pauses to help make their meaning clear. A simple sentence like “John kept my pencil” may, by a shift in the stress and intonation patterns, single out through contrast whether John rather than someone else kept the pencil, whether John kept rather that just borrowed the pencil, or whether it was a pencil or a pen or something else that he kept.[4] (2) It is true that writers have the special tools of various punctuation marks and sometimes typographical helps like capitals, italic letters, heavy type and the like; but these do not quite take the place of the full resources of the spoken language. The sentence “Cindy only had five dollars” is not likely to be misinterpreted when spoken with light stress and no more than level pitch on “only”, but in writing it could easily be taken to mean something else. To prevent ambiguity, skillful writers could change the word order to “Cindy had only five dollars”if they wanted “only”to modify “five”. They would shift “only” to the beginning 0f the sentence if they wanted it to modify “Cindy”.[5] This simple example shows that good writers do try to avoid ambiguity. (3) As writers, they like a structure that is compact; as speakers, thinking aloud, they produce sentences that are looser, less complex, perhaps even rather jumbled. Notice, for instance, that the first sentence in the first letter to Ann Landers reads, “You have made plenty of trouble for me and I want you to know it.” Like most letters to Ann Landers, this is really talk written down. The sentence contains two ideas and treatsthem as equals. If one is really dependent upon the other, a good writer would have written “I want you to know that you have made plenty of trouble for me.”This is not to deny the effectiveness of the original sentence in this very informal letter. [6] Speech makes more use of contracted forms. “He is” (she is) and “he has” (she has ) become “he’s”(she’s); “cannot” becomes “can’t”; “they are ” become “they’re”; “it is”becomes “’tis”or “it’s”; and with a more noticeable change, “will not”becomes “won’t”. So in the conversational letters to Ann Landers, contractions abound, but in the carefully prepared manuscript speeches of the Reverend Martin Luther King and President Kennedy, there are no contracted forms.[7] Besides the difference between speech and writing there is a difference between formality and informality. A formal message is organized and well-rounded; it usually deals with a serious and important topic. Most formal language is intended to be read. Since there is no opportunity to challenge or question the writer when it is being read, the message has to be self-contained and logically ordered.[8] At the opposite pole is the language of casual and familiar speech among friends and relatives, between people who have some kind of fellow feeling for one another. The speaker or writer is simply being him-or herself. This person knows that the others involved – rarely more than five-see and accept the speaker for what he or she is. (4) The speaker also assumes that the others know him or her well enough to make unnecessary any background information for everything that is used. The writer who signed herself “Weepers Finders”assumed that whoever read the letter would recognize the saying, “Finders keepers, losers weepers.”In contrast to the formal style, this style may be called the casual style.[9] There is also a recognizable midpoint between the formal and the casual. There are situations less rigid than the ceremonial address or the formal written message but also more structured than intimate conversation. These permit some response; there is a certain amount of give and take. Yet each speaker will feel the need to be quite clear, sometimes to explain background for the other person’s benefit or in order to prevent misunderstanding or embarrassment. This middle style is known as the consultative style. It should be noted that the consultative style can allow contractions, but rarely would use slang or the incomplete expressions of the casual style.[10] It should not be thought that speech is always informal and writing always formal. (5) The casual style is spoken more often than it is written, but it is found also in letters between friends or family members, possibly in diaries and journals, and sometimes in newspaper columns. Formal English is typically written but may also be spoken after having first been written down. Much consultative speech is spoken, but a fair amount of writing also has the same need for full explanation even if it is otherwise quite informal.[11] Of course, none of there styles or modes of communication is better than any other. The spoken word and the printed page are simply two different ways to communicate. Some people have thought that formal English is “the best”of the stylistic variants, but it is not. Of course, President Kennedy could not have substituted the quite casual “Nobody’s here today to whoop it up for the Democrats”for “We observe today not a victory of party”; but if he had ever used the formal public speaking style at a dinner table, he would have bored everyone there. Intelligent adjustment to the situation is the real key to the effective use of language.[12] In some respects the English language raises certain problems. In conversation some languages allow an easy distinction between the formal and the informal through their dual system of pronouns. In French, for example, intimacy on the one hand or social distance on the other are overtly marked by a choice between “tu” and “vous”. English lacks such a system, but it does have a complex code of choices of title, title and surname, surname alone, given name alone and nickname, as “Doctor”, “Doctor Stevens”, “Stevens ” , “Charles”, “Charley”, and “Chuck”.[13] Another problem arises because of the two-layered nature of the English vocabulary. One layer consists of short, familiar words largely of native English origin ( house, fire, red, green , make, talk); the other of much longer words, chiefly taken from Latin and French ( residence, domicile, conflagration, scarlet, verdant, manufacture, conversation). But it is an oversimplification to equate the popular words with the casual style and the learned words with the formal style. We must admit that many Americans, especially in bureaucratic contests, are fond of big, windy words-words that are often awkward and sometimes inexact.[14] Although adjustment is the key to good use of the various styles, it poses problems for the student coming to English from another language, It is hard enough to become proficient in just one of the styles without having to switch from one style to another. The causal style, in particular, is not easily acquired by the nonnative speaker. Happily, this problem is not too serious. Native speakers of English are much readier to accept the features of the consultative style in a causal situation than to accept casual features in a noncasual situation. Indeed, many Americans are likely to credit a consultative speaker with greater correctness in using English than theyhave themselves. But even if only this one style is acquired, it is important for learners to recognize the other styles when they meet them in speech or writing and to have some sense of the situations that call for their use.Part A Translate English into ChineseI.Translate the underlined sentences in the above text into Chinese.II.Translate the first and the last paragraph in the above text into Chinese.Part B Translate Chinese into EnglishI. Translate the following sentences into English with the words or phrases inthe passage in Section B.1. 在当代英语中有许多新的语言现象，这些现象并不总是符合公认的语法规则的。
东南大学2004英美文学与翻译
东南大学 2004 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 课程编号 492 试题名称：英美文学与翻译 English and American Literature Part: (90%) Ⅰ. Identify the authorship and genre of the following works: (20%) 1. Of Mice and Man 2. Moby Dick 3. Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? 4, Desire Under the Elms 5. The Importance of Being Earnest 6. Howl 7. Pygmalion 8. Finnegans Wake 9. The White Peacock 10. Where Angels Fear to Tread Ⅱ. Name two works by each of the following authors: (I0%) I. Charles Dickens 2. Doris Lessing 3. Virginia Woolf 4. Toni Morrison 5. Ernest Hemingway 6. T. S. Eliot 7. William Wordsworth 8. Robert Frost 9. William Faulkner 10. Jane Austen Ⅲ. Choose from the given choices the one that best suits the statement: (1% × 15=15%) 1. In the early stage of the Renaissance, literary forms. a. biography b. fiction c. essay d. poetry and poetic drama were the most outstanding
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研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)
研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. VOCABULARY 3. CLOZE 4. READING COMPREHENSION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.听力原文：W: Since you’re leaving, we should get together and have a party before you go. I can call some people...maybe Friday night, Okay? M: Actually, I am trying to avoid that sort of thing. I would like to see everyone before I go, but I really don’t think I have time. Q: What does the man mean?1．A．He agrees with the woman.B．He wants to invite some people.C．He doesn’t want to have a party.D．He doesn’t want to see anyon正确答案：C听力原文：W: Good news, Janes. The new residential buildings have been completed. Do you want to choose one? M: It’s really wonderful, but I prefer to live in a two-bedroom flat near the school rather than a three-bedroom one eight miles away. Q: What can we learn from the conversation?2．A．Jane doesn’t like the new fiat.B．Jane likes to live in a smaller flat.C．The speakers feel very excited at the news.D．Jane decided to give up the chanc正确答案：D听力原文：W: Frank is fluent in French and now he’s beginning to study Italian. M: Yesterday he had a talk with me in Chinese and I had no trouble understanding him. I know he also knows a few Japanese words. Q: Which languages does Frank speak well?3．A．Italian.B．French.C．Chinese.D．Japanes正确答案：B听力原文：W: I’ve just read one of Mark Twain’s novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. I think it’s very good. M: I like it, too, but I like his The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn better. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?4．A．The man hasn’t read The Adventures of Tom Sawyer yet.B．The woman doesn’t like Mark Twain’s other novels.C．The man doesn’t enjoy The Adventures of Tom Sawyer as much as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.D．The man thinks Huckleberry Finn is Mark Twain’s best work.正确答案：C听力原文：M: How are your son’s piano lessons going? W: Very well. His teacher thinks he’s making progress, and I find the lessons well worth the time and trouble. Q: What does the woman think of her son’s piano lesson?5．A．They are very rewarding.B．Her son has to spend too much time practicing.C．They have given her too much trouble.D．The teacher is too strict with her son.正确答案：A听力原文：W: I thought you would have the plumber come to fix the faucet. M: I tried calling him all day but his phone apparently was out of order. Q: Why didn’t the man have the plumber come?6．A．He wasn’t at home.B．She didn’t have time to wait for him.C．Her phone was out of order.D．His phone wasn’t workin正确答案：D听力原文：W: Professor Butterton has been busy since last week. He never stops working until midnight as far as I know. M: I should never have troubled him so much, had I known he was so busy. Q: What can we learn from the conversation?7．A．The man has troubled the professor very much.B．The woman knew the professor had been very busy.C．The woman feels regretful for having troubled the professor.D．The woman has never troubled the professor.正确答案：C听力原文：W: Excuse me. Could you please tell me how to get to the nearest supermarket? M: Sure. Go straight for three blocks, then turn right and walk two more blocks until you get to the bank. It’s right across the street. Q: How far must the woman walk to get to the supermarket?8．A．Two blocks.B．Three blocks.C．Four blocks.D．Five blocks.正确答案：D听力原文：W: Hi, John. Are you going to the baseball game today? It’s a perfect day for it—a little cloudy but nice and warm. M: Stephen and I were planning to go to the game, but he has to work today, and my friends don’t want to go. It’s not an important game, anyway. Q: What can we learn from the conversation?9．A．John and Stephen are not going to the game because it is cloudy.B．John will go to the game alone even if his friends don’t want to.C．John has changed his mind because his friends don’t go to the game.D．John and Stephen have no time to go to the gam正确答案：CSection B Directions: In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.听力原文：I had to go to Amsterdam last week for a conference. I arrived at the airport in plenty of time and checked in. But I only had one small case, so I decided to take it on the plane as hand luggage. As the flight was not due to board for 45 minutes, I went to a cafe, sat down and ordered a cup of coffee. While I was sitting there, drinking my coffee and reading the paper, I was vaguely aware of a woman and her child coming to sit at the next table. I did not pay much attention tothem though. And when my flight was called, I reached for my case and left.An hour later, the plane was in the air and I decided to look at the conference programme to see what I wanted to attend. Imagine my surprise when I opened the case and found that it was full of picture books and children’s toys. And imagine what the woman must have thought about a case full of men’s clothes and scientific papers. 10. Why did the speaker go to a cafe? What was in the speaker’s case? What did the speaker find out on board the plane?10．Why did the speaker go to a cafe?A．He wanted to find a place to read his papers.B．He wanted to kill time before boarding the plane.C．He felt thirsty and wanted some coffee.D．He went there to meet his friends.正确答案：B11．What was in the speaker’s case?A．Toys for children.B．Important documents.C．Fed and coffee.D．Clothes and scientific papers.正确答案：D12．What did the speaker find out on board the plane?A．The woman took his case on purpose.B．All his papers had been stolen.C．He had taken the woman’s case.D．The woman played a joke on him.正确答案：C听力原文：There are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the last 50 years. The liberation of women in the early part of the 20th century and social and economic effects of World War Ⅱhad a great impact on traditional family life. Women became essential to industry and professions. During the war, they had worked in factories and proved their worth. Now with the loss of millions of men their service was indispensable to the nation. More recently great advances in scientific knowledge and particularly in medicine have had enormous social consequences. Children are better cared for and are far healthier. Infant death rate was low. Above all, parents now can plan the size of their family if they wish to by more effective means of birth control. Different attitudes to religion, authority and tradition generally have also contributed to changes in family life. But these developments have affected all aspects of society. It is particularly interesting to know that the concept of the family as a social unit has survived all these challenges.13.What is the passage mainly about? Why did British women become indispensable to industry after World War Ⅱ? What remained unchanged in spite of all the challenges in family life?13．What is the passage mainly about?A．The liberation movement of British women.B．Rapid economic development in Britain.C．Changing attitudes to family life.D．Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.正确答案：D14．Why did British women become indispensable to industry after World War Ⅱ?A．Because millions of men died in the war.B．Because women had proved their worth.C．Because women were more skillful than men.D．Because factories preferred to employ women.正确答案：A15．What remained unchanged in spite of all the challenges in family life?A．The concept of “the family” as a social unit.B．The attitudes to birth control.C．The attitudes to religion.D．The ideas of authority and tradition.正确答案：ASection C Directions: In this section you will bear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.听力原文：Bangkok has all the problems of any modern city including world-class traffic jams. It also has some traffic problems unique to Thailand. CNN’s Bangkok Bureau chief, Daninque explains. This used to be the only way some people traveled in Bangkok, by elephant. A long time ago cars replaced them, but some can still be seen in the city, nice for tourists but a real problem for city officials. Elephants can cause a traffic jam that is already bad to become worse. The city of Bangkok has now ordered the elephants off the streets. Elephant handlers will be fined if police catch them on the streets but most are encouraged to be here instead. The city has created an elephant sanctuary so the animals have a place to go instead of roaming the streets. In recent weeks it has turned into somewhat of a local tourist attraction. School children have flocked to the vacant lot for what might be the first time to see alive elephant. So far the elephant rescue program has been a success. Fifteen have been taken off the streets and brought here to the elephant center. Twelve of them returned back home to the provinces sort of half way house for Pakiderms. The elephant camp is only a temporary solution to the problem. Thailand does have an elephant round—up once each year in the northern province. It is promoted by tourism officials. But city officials are working on a plan to turn their problems into profit. Some are talking about making the elephant camp permanent at a larger location. It could provide tourists the same chance as these school children.16．What used to be the only way some people traveled in Bangkok?正确答案：By elephant17．The elephant sanctuary in recent weeks has turned into somewhat of a______.正确答案：local tourist attraction18．How many elephants have been taken off the streets and brought here to the elephant center?正确答案：Fifteen19．How many times each year are there for an elephant to round up in Thailand?正确答案：Once20．City officials of Bangkok are working on a plan to turn their problem into______.正确答案：profitVOCABULARYSection A Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21．The junior doctor was scolded for his dereliction of duty.A．reprimandedB．repulsedC．reprievedD．relinquished正确答案：A解析：reprimand“申斥”，与划线词意义相当。
2023年南艺学位英语卷
English Qualification Test for a Bachelor’s DegreeNanjing Arts InstitutePart I Vocabulary and Structure ( 25% ) （识记、掌握）Directions:There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then put your choices on the answer sheet.1.I am sure that he will act on the doctor’s ____ advice.A. evidentB. reasonableC. alluringD. energetic(B易)2. The unpopular mayor was under ____ attack in the newspaper.A. constantB. convincingC. evidentD. evidence(A较易)3. We were ____ a discussion about yesterday’s examination when the teacher walked into the classroom.A. caught up inB. caught up withC. catching up onD. catching up with(A难)4. How do you ____ your spare time usually?A. convinceB. developC. employD. fire(C较易)5. She is deeply ____ her parents.A. attaching toB. attaching withC. attached toD. attached with(D难)6. The conventions of opera are more evident than ____ of poetry, painting, drama and film.A. onesB. thoseC. oneD. that(B较难)7. The population of Shanghai is about four times as large as____ of Nanjing.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. one(A较难)8. ____, the picture did not look very good but after examine it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece.A. UnconsciouslyB. SubconsciouslyC. At first glanceD. With first glance(C易)9. The wild life in Africa is extremely____.A. normalB. diverseC. mobileD. lush(B较易)10. People in real life do not sing to each other. Neither____ in blank verse.A. they converseB. converse theyC. they do converseD. do they converse(D中)11. I was not surprised at the news. Neither _____ at the news.A. were my family surprisedB. my family were surprisedC. were not my family surprisedD. my family were not surprised(A中)12. It is well-known that lung Cancer is ____ partly caused by smoking too much.A. at mostB. at leastC. at the mostD. at the least(B较易)13. After ____ from work, my parents moved to the countryside where they had spent a few years after marriage.A. retiredB. attainedC. retiringD. attaining(C难)14. Success in management ultimately ____ good judgment.A. rest onB. resting onC. rests onD. rests at(C较难)15. Miss Tan is one of the most ____ teachers in our school.A. tragicB. profoundC. popularD. narrative(C易)16. In the past few ____ there has been a great increase in the amount of research done on human brain.A. scoresB. dozensC. millionsD. decades(D较易)17. Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of relativity was so ____ that only a few scientists could understand.A. profoundB. influentialC. easyD. vital(A中)18. The old man ____ his master’s degree at the age of 72.A. capturedB. revealedC. attainedD. accumulated(C难)19. Young people shouldn’t seek ____ and shirk hardship.A. challengeB. comfortC. difficultyD. friendship(B较难)20. I don’t feel at ____ in front of camera.A. restB. riskC. easeD. easy(C较易)21. Romeo and Juliet is a ____ story of love in Medieval Europe.A. tragicB. tragedyC. tragicallyD. tragical(A中)22. He is keen on disco ____ I am fond of classical music.A. just asB. as ifC. even ifD. if though(A易)23. he was ill for about one month, ____set him back a lot in his studies.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. on which(B较易)24. Shakespeare wrote at least 37 plays, ____showed his knowledge on various subjects.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. whose(B较易)25. He was born in 1949, ____is a tuning point in history.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where(B难)Part II Reading Comprehension ( 40% ) （理解）Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to each question. Then put your choice on the answer sheet. Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: (易)Benjamin Franklin was born in 1706 in Boston, Massachusetts. His mother and father were of Puritan(清教徒旳) religion. They left England and moved to the English colony Massachusetts in order to escape persecution for the religion. In Boston, Franklin left school when he was ten years old and worked for his father for two years. Then he went to work on his brother’s newspaper. He became the editor of this paper when he was sixteen. Because he wanted to be independent, he went to Philadelphia. There he bought his own newspaper, He worked hard and saved his money. And by the age of 24 he was one of the most successful men in Philadelphia.In 1732 Franklin published a book “ POOR RICHARD’S ALMANAC（历本）”. Mostalmanacs contained information for farmers, such as information about the days and weeks of the year and about the weather. To his almanac, Franklin added wise sayings, his observations about life, some of these sayings are still famous today. For example, “Early to bed, e arly to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise,” and “Waste not, want not,” and “ A penny saved is a penny earned.”26. Benjamin Franklin was of __________A. not mentionedB. American originC. French originD. English origin27. At the age of 11, he worked for ____________.A. his brotherB. his fatherC. himselfD. someone else28. His parents moved to Massachusetts because_________.A. they wanted to make a fortuneB. they wanted to meet their relatives thereC. They were persecuted in EnglandD. They wanted to have a visit there29. He moved to Philadelphia because ___________.A. his brother didn’t like himB. he wanted to live on himselfC. he became the editor of the paperD. he wanted to be dependent30. Franklin’s almanacs contained_____________.A. information for farmersB. wise sayingsC. poor Richard’s ideasD. Both A and B26-30答案：DBCBDQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: （中）Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branchesthat are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.31. Pruning should be done to _____.A. make the tree grow tallerB. improve the shape of the treeC. get rid of the small branchesD. make the small branches thicker32. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener _____.A .allows too many branches to grow in the middleB. .does not protect them from windC. .forces them to grow too quicklyD. .damages some of the small side branches33. Why is a special substance painted on the tree?A. To make a wound smoothB. To prevent disease entering a woundC. To cover a rough surfaceD. To help a wound to dry34. A good gardener prunes a tree_____.A .at intervals throughout the yearB .as quickly as possibleC .occasionally when necessaryD .regular every winter35. What was the author's purpose when writing this passage?A. To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.B. To give a general description of pruningC. To explain how trees develop diseasesD. To discuss different methods of pruning.31-35答案：BABCAQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: （较难）Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent thatdrastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem. There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential economic uses for waste products.36. The purpose of this passage is _____.A. .to alert the reader to the dwindling water supplyB. .to explain industrial uses of waterC. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problemsD. to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem37. Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?A. Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.B. Diluting wastes needs certain amount of waterC. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding populationD. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals38. The reader can conclude that_____A. countries of the world will work together on pollution problemsB. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplaceC. science is making great progress on increasing water suppliesD. some industries are now taking economic use of wastes39. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of_____.A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controlsB. opinions and personal observationsC. definitions which clarify important termsD. strong arguments and persuasions40. The words "prior to "(para.1) probably mean_____.A after B. during C. before D. beyond36-40答案：CA DBCQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: (中)Traveling through the country a couple of weeks ago on business, I was listening to the talk of the late UK writer Douglas Adams’ master work “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” on the radio and thought---I know, I’ll pick up the next hitchhikers I see and ask them what the state of real hitching is today in Britain.I drove and drove on main roads and side roads for the next few days and never saw a single one.When I was in my teens and 20s, hitchhiking was a main form of long-distance transport. The kindness or curiosity of strangers took me all over Europe, North America, Asia and southern Africa. Some of the lift-givers became friends, many provided hospitality on the road.Not only did you find out much more about a country than when traveling by train or plane, but there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night.Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture. It has books and songs about it .So what has happened to it?A few years ago, I was asked the same question about hitching in a column of a newspaper. Hundreds of people from all over the world responded with their view on the state of hitchhiking.Rural Ireland was recommended as a friendly place for hitching, as was Quebec, Canada-“if you don’t mind being criticized for not speaking French”.But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in some places, the general feeling was that throughout much of the west it was doomed.With so much news about crime in the media, people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger. But do we need to be so wary both to hitch and to give a lift?In Poland in the 1960s, according to a Polish woman who e-mail me ,＂the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker’s Booklet. The booklet contained coupons for drivers, so each time a driver picked somebody, he or she received a coupon. At the end of the season, drivers who had picked up the most hiker s were rewarded with various prizes. Everyone was hitchhiking then”.Surely this is a good idea for society. Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking downbarriers between strangers. It would help fight global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels. It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant lessons in geography, history, politics and sociology.A century before Douglas Adams wrote his “Hitchhiker’s Guide”, another adventure stor y writer, Robert Louis Stevenson, gave us that what should be the hitchhiker’s motto: “To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive.” What better time than putting a holiday weekend into practice. Either put it to the test yourself, or help out someone who is trying to travel hopefully with thumb outstretched.41. In which paragraph(s) does the writer comment on his experience of hitchhiking? ________A. (3)B. (4)C. (3) and (4)D. (4) and (5)42. What is the current situation of hitchhiking? _______A. It is popular in some parts of the world.B. It is popular throughout the west.C. It is popular in Poland.D. It is still popular in Poland.43. What is the writer’s attitude towards the practice in Poland? ________A. Critical.B. Unclear.C. Somewhat favorable.D. Strongly favorable.44. The writer has mentioned all the following benefits of hitchhiking EXCEPT ________A. promoting mutual respect between strangers.B. increasing one’s confidence in strangers.C. protecting environment.D. enr ich one’s knowledge.45. “Either put it to the test yourself…”in the last Paragraph means ________A. to experience the hopefulness.B. to read Adams’ book.C. to offer someone a lift.D. to be a hitchhiker.41-45答案：CADBDPart III Cloze (10%) （理解、识记、掌握）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then put your answer on the answer sheet.（较难）Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 46 go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 47 you money or can add 48 the cost.Take the 49 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might 50 you are making the 51 buy if you choose one 52 look you like and which is also the cheapest 53 price. But when you get it home you may find that it 54 twice as long as a more expensive 55 to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well 56 your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you 57 when you go out shopping?If you 58 your home, your car or any valuable 59 in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long 60 Before you buy a new 61, talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular 62.Before you buy an expensive 63, or a service, do check the price and 64 is on offer. If possible, choose 65 three items or three estimates.46. A) form B) fashion C) way D) method47. A) save B) preserve C) in D) similar48. A) up B) to C) in D) on49. A) easy B) single C) simple D) similar50. A) convince B) accept C) examine D) think51. A) proper B) best C) reasonable D) most52. A) its B) which C) whose D) what53. A) for B) with C) in D) on54. A) spends B) takes C) lasts D) consumes55. A) mode B) copy C) sample D) model56. A) cause B) make C) leave D) prove57. A) adopt B) lay C) stick D) adapt58. A) reserve B) decorate C) store D) keep59. A) products B) possession C) material D) ownership60. A) run B) interval C) period D) time61. A) appliance B) equipment C) utility D) facility62. A) function B) purpose C) goal D) task63. A) component B) element C) item D) particle64. A) what B) which C) that D) this65. A) of B) in C) by D) from46-65答案：CABCD BCCBD BADBA ABCADPart IV Translation (10%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.66. For well over three hundred years the Opera has been one of the most alluring forms of musical entertainment. （较难）67. It was the human voice to impinge upon the spectators the basic emotions---love, hate, jealousy, joy, grief---with an elemental force possible only to itself. （较难）68. William Shakespeare is the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. （较易）69. Over the next two decades he wrote a succession of widely acclaimed plays which may becategorized roughly into three groups: histories, comedies and tragedies. （中）70. After having dominated the London theatrical scene for some twenty years, Shakespeare retired to his hometown, where he lived in relative ease and comfort until his death in 1616.（易）Part V Writing ( 15%) （应用）Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write an announcement to welcome students to join to a club.You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below:1. 本社团旳重要活动内容;2. 参与本社团旳好处；3. 怎样加入本社团。
2023年新版南艺学位英语试卷
English Qualification Test for a Bachelor’s DegreeNanjing Arts InstitutePart I Vocabulary and Structure ( 25% ) （识记、掌握）Directions:There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then put your choices on the answer sheet.1.I am sure that he will act on the doctor’s ____ advice.A. evidentB. reasonableC. alluringD. energetic(B易)2. The unpopular mayor was under ____ attack in the newspaper.A. constantB. convincingC. evidentD. evidence(A较易)3. We were ____ a discussion about yesterday’s examination when the teacher walked into the classroom.A. caught up inB. caught up withC. catching up onD. catching up with(A难)4. How do you ____ your spare time usually?A. convinceB. developC. employD. fire(C较易)5. She is deeply ____ her parents.A. attaching toB. attaching withC. attached toD. attached with(D难)6. The conventions of opera are more evident than ____ of poetry, painting, drama and film.A. onesB. thoseC. oneD. that(B较难)7. The population of Shanghai is about four times as large as____ of Nanjing.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. one(A较难)8. ____, the picture did not look very good but after examine it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece.A. UnconsciouslyB. SubconsciouslyC. At first glanceD. With first glance(C易)9. The wild life in Africa is extremely____.A. normalB. diverseC. mobileD. lush(B较易)10. People in real life do not sing to each other. Neither____ in blank verse.A. they converseB. converse theyC. they do converseD. do they converse(D中)11. I was not surprised at the news. Neither _____ at the news.A. were my family surprisedB. my family were surprisedC. were not my family surprisedD. my family were not surprised(A中)12. It is well-known that lung Cancer is ____ partly caused by smoking too much.A. at mostB. at leastC. at the mostD. at the least(B较易)13. After ____ from work, my parents moved to the countryside where they had spent a few years after marriage.A. retiredB. attainedC. retiringD. attaining(C难)14. Success in management ultimately ____ good judgment.A. rest onB. resting onC. rests onD. rests at(C较难)15. Miss Tan is one of the most ____ teachers in our school.A. tragicB. profoundC. popularD. narrative(C易)16. In the past few ____ there has been a great increase in the amount of research done on human brain.A. scoresB. dozensC. millionsD. decades(D较易)17. Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of relativity was so ____ that only a few scientists could understand.A. profoundB. influentialC. easyD. vital(A中)18. The old man ____ his master’s degree at the age of 72.A. capturedB. revealedC. attainedD. accumulated(C难)19. Young people shouldn’t seek ____ and shirk hardship.A. challengeB. comfortC. difficultyD. friendship(B较难)20. I don’t feel at ____ in front of camera.A. restB. riskC. easeD. easy(C较易)21. Romeo and Juliet is a ____ story of love in Medieval Europe.A. tragicB. tragedyC. tragicallyD. tragical(A中)22. He is keen on disco ____ I am fond of classical music.A. just asB. as ifC. even ifD. if though(A易)23. he was ill for about one month, ____set him back a lot in his studies.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. on which(B较易)24. Shakespeare wrote at least 37 plays, ____showed his knowledge on various subjects.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. whose(B较易)25. He was born in 1949, ____is a tuning point in history.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where(B难)Part II Reading Comprehension ( 40% ) （理解）Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to each question. Then put your choice on the answer sheet.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: (易)Benjamin Franklin was born in 1706 in Boston, Massachusetts. His mother and father were of Puritan(清教徒的) religion. They left England and moved to the English colony Massachusetts in order to escape persecution for the religion. In Boston, Franklin left school when he was ten years old and worked for his father for two years. Then he went to work on his brother’s newspaper. He became the editor of this paper when he was sixteen. Because he wanted to beindependent, he went to Philadelphia. There he bought his own newspaper, He worked hard and saved his money. And by the age of 24 he was one of the most successful men in Philadelphia.In 1732 Franklin published a book “ POOR RICHARD’S ALMANAC（历本）”. Most almanacs contained information for farmers, such as information about the days and weeks of the year and about the weather. To his almanac, Franklin added wise sayings, his observations about life, some of these sayings are still famous today. For example, “Early to bed, e arly to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise,” and “Waste not, want not,” and “ A penny saved is a penny earned.”26. Benjamin Franklin was of __________A. not mentionedB. American originC. French originD. English origin27. At the age of 11, he worked for ____________.A. his brotherB. his fatherC. himselfD. someone else28. His parents moved to Massachusetts because_________.A. they wanted to make a fortuneB. they wanted to meet their relatives thereC. They were persecuted in EnglandD. They wanted to have a visit there29. He moved to Philadelphia because ___________.A. his brother didn’t like himB. he wanted to live on himselfC. he became the editor of the paperD. he wanted to be dependent30. Franklin’s almanacs contained_____________.A. information for farmersB. wise sayingsC. poor Richard’s ideasD. Both A and B26-30答案：DBCBDQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: （中）Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of thesubstances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.31. Pruning should be done to _____.A. make the tree grow tallerB. improve the shape of the treeC. get rid of the small branchesD. make the small branches thicker32. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener _____.A .allows too many branches to grow in the middleB. .does not protect them from windC. .forces them to grow too quicklyD. .damages some of the small side branches33. Why is a special substance painted on the tree?A. To make a wound smoothB. To prevent disease entering a woundC. To cover a rough surfaceD. To help a wound to dry34. A good gardener prunes a tree_____.A .at intervals throughout the yearB .as quickly as possibleC .occasionally when necessaryD .regular every winter35. What was the author's purpose when writing this passage?A. To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.B. To give a general description of pruningC. To explain how trees develop diseasesD. To discuss different methods of pruning.31-35答案：BABCAQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: （较难）Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem. There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential economic uses for waste products.36. The purpose of this passage is _____.A. .to alert the reader to the dwindling water supplyB. .to explain industrial uses of waterC. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problemsD. to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem37. Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?A. Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.B. Diluting wastes needs certain amount of waterC. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding populationD. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals38. The reader can conclude that_____A. countries of the world will work together on pollution problemsB. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplaceC. science is making great progress on increasing water suppliesD. some industries are now taking economic use of wastes39. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of_____.A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controlsB. opinions and personal observationsC. definitions which clarify important termsD. strong arguments and persuasions40. The words "prior to "(para.1) probably mean_____.A after B. during C. before D. beyond36-40答案：CA DBCQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: (中)Traveling through the country a couple of weeks ago on business, I was listening to the talk of the late UK writer Douglas Adams’ master work “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” on the radio and thought---I know, I’ll pick up the next hitchhikers I see and ask them what the state of real hitching is today in Britain.I drove and drove on main roads and side roads for the next few days and never saw a single one.When I was in my teens and 20s, hitchhiking was a main form of long-distance transport. The kindness or curiosity of strangers took me all over Europe, North America, Asia and southern Africa. Some of the lift-givers became friends, many provided hospitality on the road.Not only did you find out much more about a country than when traveling by train or plane, but there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night.Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture. It has books and songs about it .So what has happened to it?A few years ago, I was asked the same question about hitching in a column of a newspaper. Hundreds of people from all over the world responded with their view on the state of hitchhiking.Rural Ireland was recommended as a friendly place for hitching, as was Quebec, Canada-“if you don’t mind being criticized for not speaking French”.But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in some places, the general feeling was that throughout much of the west it was doomed.With so much news about crime in the media, people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger. But do we need to be so wary both to hitch and to give a lift?In Poland in the 1960s, according to a Polish woman who e-mail me ,＂the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker’s Booklet. The booklet contained coupons for drivers, so each time a driver picked somebody, he or she received a coupon. At the end of the season, drivers who had picked up the most hiker s were rewarded with various prizes. Everyone was hitchhiking then”.Surely this is a good idea for society. Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down barriers between strangers. It would help fight global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels. It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant lessons in geography, history, politics and sociology.A century before Douglas Adams wrote his “Hitchhiker’s Guide”, another adventure stor y writer, Robert Louis Stevenson, gave us that what should be the hitchhiker’s motto: “To travelhopefully is a better thing than to arrive.” What better time than putting a holiday weekend into practice. Either put it to the test yourself, or help out someone who is trying to travel hopefully with thumb outstretched.41. In which paragraph(s) does the writer comment on his experience of hitchhiking? ________A. (3)B. (4)C. (3) and (4)D. (4) and (5)42. What is the current situation of hitchhiking? _______A. It is popular in some parts of the world.B. It is popular throughout the west.C. It is popular in Poland.D. It is still popular in Poland.43. What is the writer’s attitude towards the practice in Poland? ________A. Critical.B. Unclear.C. Somewhat favorable.D. Strongly favorable.44. The writer has mentioned all the following benefits of hitchhiking EXCEPT ________A. promoting mutual respect between strangers.B. increasing one’s confidence in strangers.C. protecting environment.D. enr ich one’s knowledge.45. “Either put it to the test yourself…”in the last Paragraph means ________A. to experience the hopefulness.B. to read Adams’ book.C. to offer someone a lift.D. to be a hitchhiker.41-45答案：CADBDPart III Cloze (10%) （理解、识记、掌握）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then put your answer on the answer sheet.（较难）Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 46 go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 47 you money or can add 48 the cost.Take the 49 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might 50 you are making the 51 buy if you choose one 52 look you like and which is also the cheapest 53 price. But when you get it home you may find that it 54 twice as long as a more expensive 55 to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well 56 your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you 57 when you go out shopping?If you 58 your home, your car or any valuable 59 in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long 60 Before you buy a new 61, talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular 62.Before you buy an expensive 63, or a service, do check the price and 64 is on offer. If possible, choose 65 three items or three estimates.46. A) form B) fashion C) way D) method47. A) save B) preserve C) in D) similar48. A) up B) to C) in D) on49. A) easy B) single C) simple D) similar50. A) convince B) accept C) examine D) think51. A) proper B) best C) reasonable D) most52. A) its B) which C) whose D) what53. A) for B) with C) in D) on54. A) spends B) takes C) lasts D) consumes55. A) mode B) copy C) sample D) model56. A) cause B) make C) leave D) prove57. A) adopt B) lay C) stick D) adapt58. A) reserve B) decorate C) store D) keep59. A) products B) possession C) material D) ownership60. A) run B) interval C) period D) time61. A) appliance B) equipment C) utility D) facility62. A) function B) purpose C) goal D) task63. A) component B) element C) item D) particle64. A) what B) which C) that D) this65. A) of B) in C) by D) from46-65答案：CABCD BCCBD BADBA ABCADPart IV Translation (10%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.66. For well over three hundred years the Opera has been one of the most alluring forms of musical entertainment. （较难）67. It was the human voice to impinge upon the spectators the basic emotions---love, hate, jealousy, joy, grief---with an elemental force possible only to itself. （较难）68. William Shakespeare is the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. （较易）69. Over the next two decades he wrote a succession of widely acclaimed plays which may be categorized roughly into three groups: histories, comedies and tragedies. （中）70. After having dominated the London theatrical scene for some twenty years, Shakespeare retired to his hometown, where he lived in relative ease and comfort until his death in 1616.（易）Part V Writing ( 15%) （应用）Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write an announcement to welcome students to join to a club.You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below:1. 本社团的重要活动内容;2. 参与本社团的好处；3. 如何加入本社团。
999999东南大学2004英美文学与翻译
东南大学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题English and American Literature Part: (90%)Ⅰ. Identify the authorship and genre of the following works: (20%)1. Of Mice and Man2. Moby Dick4, Desire Under the Elms5. The Importance of Being Earnest6. Howl7. Pygmalion8. Finnegans Wake9. The White Peacock10. Where Angels Fear to TreadⅡ. Name two works by each of the following authors: (I0%)I. Charles Dickens2. Doris Lessing3. Virginia Woolf4. Toni Morrison5. Ernest Hemingway6. T. S. Eliot7. William Wordsworth8. Robert Frost9. William Faulkner10. Jane AustenⅢ. Choose from the given choices the one that best suits the statement: (1% × 15=15%)1. In the early stage of the Renaissance, and poetic drama were the most outstandingliterary forms.a. biographyb. fictionc. essayd. poetry2. Milton’s masterpiece and the greatest English epic is.a. Paradise Lostb. Paradise Regainedc. Samson Agonistesd. The Faerie Queene3. has been regarded as "Father of the English Novel."a. Swiftb. Defoec. Sheridand. Milton4. , Byron’s masterpiece, is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover and seducer of women.a. Cainb. Oriented Talesc. Don Juand. The Prisoner of Chillon5. Which of the following is not a novel by Jane Austen?a. Pride and Prejudiceb. Sense and Sensibilityc. Northanger Abbeyd. Jane Eyre6. “She stiffened a little on the kerb, waiting for Durtnall’s van to pass. A Charming woman, Scrope Purvis thought her (knowing her as one does know people who live next door to one in Westminster); a touch of the bird about her, of the jay, blue-green, light, vivacious, though she was over fifty, and grown very white since her illness. There she perched, never seeing him, waiting to cross, very, upright.”The above paragraph may be taken froma. Sons and Loversb. Blissc. Ulyssesd. Mrs. Dalloway7. Which of the following is not a novel by Mark Twain?a. The Gilded Ageb. The Adventure of Tom Sawyerc. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finnd. The Leaning Tower8. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.”The above two lines a re most probably taken from a poem bya. Ezra Poundb. Robert Frostc. Sylvia Plathd. Walt Whitman9. “Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!”The above lines are most probably taken from .a. Ode on a Grecian Urnb. Ode to the West Windc. Ode to Libertyd. Ode to Nightingale10. “Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams”Who does the poet refer to by saying "his summer dreams" in the first line?a. The poet himselfb. The west windc. The Mediterraneand. England11. is a typical feat ure of Swift’s writings.a. Bitter satireb. Elegant stylec. Casual narrationd. Psycho-analysis12. “My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend tobe anything extraordinary, now. When a woman has five gown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.”The above passage is taken froma. Jane Eyreb. Wuthering Heightsc. Pride and Prejudiced. A Portrait of a Lady’s13. Mark Twain was the pseudonym of .a. Samuel Langhome Clemensb. William Sydney Porterc. Cutter Belld. Wallace Stevens14. The name of Robert Browning is often associated with the term .a. critical realismb. blank versec. oded. dramatic monologue15. has been regarded as the forerunner of the English modem poetry.a. Ezra Poundb. T.S. Eliotc. William Butler Yeatsd. Philip LarkinIV. Define the following terms: (5% x3- 15%)1. Metaphysical poetry2. Stream-of-Consciousness3. Black HumorV. Answer the following questions: (5% 12=10%)I. What is the symbolic meaning of “the west wind” in Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “Ode to theWest Wind”?2. In what sense is Tess’ story tragic?1. When You Are Old by William Butler YeatsWhen you are old and grey and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;How many loved your moments of glad grace,And loved your beauty with love false and true,But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,And loved the sorrows of your changing face;And bending down beside the glowing bars,Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fledAnd paced upon the mountains overheadAnd hid his face amid a crowd of stars.2. (Excerpts from "The Decay of Friendship" by Dr. Samuel Johnson)3. (Excepts from Heat of Darkness by Joseph Conrad)Part Two Translation (60)Note: Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.I. Translate the following into Chinese: ( 30 )II. Translate the following into English:(30)1.平则门外，有一道护城河。
东南大学1999年英语专业课考研真题试卷
东南大学1999年英语专业课考研真题试卷PART I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARYDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choicesmarked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Markyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter. (25points)1. We shall have an opportunity to exchange _____ tomorrow.A. sightsB. meaningsC. viewsD. minds2. A man’s _____ lessens as he grows old.A. lifeB. effortC. temperD. vigor3. Will you _____ my clothes while I go for a swim?A.. watchB. noticeC. intendD. attend4. This room _____ 10 meters across.A. broadensB. measuresC. averagesD. lengthens5. Many birds _____ the island during the summer months.A. settleB. removeC. joinD. visit6. Nothing that I can see _____ what you have described.A. comparesB. resemblesC. relatesD. consists7. Now the income of the family was _____ more than one-third.A. returned toB. dropped offC. reached forD. cut down8. How far was he _____ for what had happened?A. reliableB. respectiveC. responsibleD. provided9.George took _____ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his garden..A. advantage B. interest C. profit D. charge10.Richard _____ that his pen must have fallen from his pocket as he was runningfor the bus.A. consentedB. concludedC. contendedD. contested11.He ____ the key on the table.14.A. left B. lost C. remained D. brought up12.You have to act ____ if you are to save his life.A. rightlyB. immenselyC. immediatelyD. firstlyrry was so ____ in his novel that he forgot about his dinner cooking in theoven.A. absorbedB. drawnC. attractedD. obliged14.Her parents insisted that she ____ until she finished her degree.A. stayedB. stayC. staysD. would stay15.Watch your steps, _____ you might fall into the water.A. orB. andC. unlessD. but16.Ford proposed a system _____ each worker would have a special job to do.A.thatB. in whichC. whichD. at which17. This office ____ licenses for motor cars.A. furnishes withB. provides forC. deals inD. deals with18. The Americans and the British not only speak the same language butalso_____a largenumber of social customs.A. joinB. takeC. shareD. makeI9. I _____ swimming until Father returned.A. wentB. didn’t goC. hadn’t goneD. would go20._____ great was the destruction that the South took decades to recover.A. VeryB. TooC. SuchD. So21._____ the West End of London, the East End is a slum district where mostlythe working people live.A. By contrastB. By contrast toC. In contrastD. In contrast to22.The students _____ their thanks to Professor Davis by presenting him with aparting gift.A. revealedB. expressedC. showedD. said23. I _____ you to go to the Department of Education to ask for informationabout it.A. advertiseB. announceC. noticeD. advise24._____ the sea is rich with life, the most part of it is not nearly asproductive as the land.A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. AsD. When25. I remember my grandfather _____ me to the mountains when I was about 5 yearsof age.A. takingB. to takeC. takeD. had takenPART II CLOZEDirections: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices A, B, C and D. You should choose the answer that best fits into the passage, and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. (15 points)In recent years television has become the most popular form of entertainment. __1__ does not look as if it will be __2__ popular in the world of the future. In fact, it looks as __3__ television will become more popular __4__ ever. New systems of television have been made possibleby the __5__ of the laser. A laser is a beam of light__6__ has many strange qualities. By using a laser, it is possible to __7__ very large and very clear television pictures __8__ to a screen. These pictures __9__ as large as three meters __10__ three meters. Many people could__11__ this kind of television together.Laser beams have also __12__ very thin television sets possible. These sets can __13__ on the wall of a room. Another __14__ in the future will be three dimensional television; the picture will look more “real” __15__ it will have depth as well as height and strength.1. A. It B. That C. This D. Which2. A. few B. less C. much D. more3. A. if B. more C. so D. far4. A. for B. as C. than D. then5. A. illustration B. founding C. formatting D. discovery6. A. what B. that C. it D. as7. A. observe B. watch C. pick D. throw8. A. on B. near C. over D. in9. A. such B. about C. maybe D. may be10. A. for B. plus C. time D. by11. A. buy B. watch C. carry D. choose12. A. created B. manufactured C. made D. produced13. A. hung B. design C. hold D. devise14. A. resolution B. development C. encouragement D. condition15. A. while B. though C. because D. thereforePART III READING COMPREHENSIONDirections: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. Each of them is given 4 suggested answers A, B, C and. You should choose the ONE best answer and mark the corresponding letter on he Answer Sheet.(30 points)(1)There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises form the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrarythings. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation (模仿). It grows into a habit, unknown toits possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, sinceit brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those peopleoffend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobodywishes them success. Nor will anyone stir a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them,and many will join to criticize their misconduct. These people should change this bad habit and condescend (俯就) to be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not,it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes veryinconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.1. People who are unhappyA. always consider things differently from others.B. usually are influenced by the results of certain things.C.can discover the unpleasant part of certain things.ually have a fault-finding habit.2. The phrase “sour the pleasures of society” most nearly meansA.“have a good taste to the pleasures of society”.B.“aren’t content with the pleasures of society”.C.“feel happy with the pleasures of society”.D.“enjoy the pleasures of society”3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.We should pity all such unhappy people.B.Such unhappy people are critical about everything.C.If such unhappy people recognize the bad effects of the habit on themselvesthey may get rid of it.D. Such unhappy people are also not content with themselves.4. “scarcely that” meansA. “just like that”.B. “almost not like that”.C. “more than that”.D. “not at all like that”.5. If such unhappy persons don’t change their bad behavior, the author’s solution to the problem is thatA.people should avoid contact with them.B.people should criticize their misconduct.C.people should help them recognize the bad effects of the habit.D.people should show no respect and politeness to them.(2)Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it and the businessof trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction. For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else. He offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish: “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you ment ioned.” Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is : “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.”Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round.” She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the sales woman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of valve when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with aroomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going form one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.6. When a man is buying clothes,A.he buys cheap things, regardless of quality.B.he chooses things that others recommend.C.he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things.D.he buys good quality things, so long as they are not too expensive.7. What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants?A. He buys similar things of the color he wants.B.He usually does not buy anything.C.At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.D.So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.8. In commerce a good salesman is one whoA. treats his customers sharply.B.always has in stock just what you want.C.does not waste his time on difficult customers.D.sells something a customer does particularly want.9. What does the passage tell us about women shoppers.A.They welcome suggestions from anyone.B.Women rarely consider buying cheap clothes.C.Women often buy things without giving the matter proper thought.D.They listen to advice but never take it.10.What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?A.The fact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.B.Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.C.Women stand up to shop, but men sit down.D.The time they take over buying clothes.(3)The free enterprise has produced a technology capable of providing the American consumer with the largest and most varied marketplace in the world. Technological advances, however, have come hand-in-hand with impersonal mass marketing of goods and services. Along with progress, too, have come some instances of manipulative advertising practices and a great increase of products whose reliability, safety and quality are difficult to evaluate.Today's consumers buy, enjoy, use and discard more types of goods than could possibly have been imagined even a few years ago. Yet too often consumers have no idea of the materials that have gone into the manufacturer's finished product or their own motivation in selecting one product over another.Easy credit and forceful techniques of modern marketing persuade many consumers to buy what they cannot afford. The consequent overburdening of family budgets is a problem for consumers at all economic levels. It is not unusual for families to allocate 20 percent or more of their income to debt repayments without understanding the effect this allocation has upon other choices. Some families have such tight budgets that an illness, a period of unemployment, or some other crisis finds them without adequate reserves.In addition to the growing complexity of the market, consumers are sometimes faced with unfair and deceptive practices. Although there are laws designed to protect the consumers, there is not a sufficient number of law enforcers to cover all the abuses of the marketplace.An adult in today's society should be knowledgeable in the use of credit. Heshould understand what is involved in purchasing a house, and the many pitfalls to be avoided when entering into financial agreements. He should know enough about advertising and selling techniques to enable him todiscern the honest from the deceptive. He should be knowledgeable about consumer protection laws so that he can demand his rights. When he needs help, he should know the private and public sources to which he can turn for assistance.11. This passage is concerned mostly withA. the consequences of the free enterprise system inAmerica.B. the difficulty of living on a fixed income.C. innovative techniques in food processing.D.the advances of advertising techniques.12. The author implies thatA. products are more expensive in theU.S.than anywhere else.B. credit cards are often used illegally.C. products very often do not perform as advertised.D. most Americans like to buy what they cannot afford.13. Consumers often do not knowA. the brand names of products they buy regularly.B. why they purchase certain products.C. the current interest rates on savings accounts.D. where to buy cheaper things.14. The author warns the reader to be cautious whenA. buying items on sale.B. buying items on credit .C. buying items at discount.D. buying items advertised in newswwws.15. The author points out that some familiesA. are unprepared for financial emergencies.B. forget to claim interest charges on their income tax forms.C. spend more money on food than they would like to.D. purchase a house without knowing its true value.PART IV TRANSLATIONDirections: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (15 points)（1）The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me. City-born and city-bred, I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasionally visit during the week-end. Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always gointo raptures at the mere mention of the country. Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of them has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months. Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life. He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living.(2)Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs of a civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos. Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven, if late for a dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine.PART V WRITING (15 points)Directions: Word limit 100-150 words.(由研究生院从以下三个作文题目中挑选一题):(1) Should Students Do Part-Time Jobs？(2) What Makes Life Worthwhile？(3) My Father/Mother。
研究生学位英语真题及详细 2005-1
研究生学位英语真题及详细 Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A1. A. He refuses to help the woman.B. He can't handle the equipment by himself.C. He thinks some other people can do it better.D. He thinks the equipment is too heavy for the woman.2. A. His colleagues have contributed a lot.B. All of his colleagues congratulate him.C. The award has been given to his colleagues.D. He doesn't deserve the honor.3. A. He dislikes Jack's name.B. He doesn't care who Jack is.C. He doesn't know Jack well.D. He dislikes Jack.4. A. The man is cracking a joke on her.B. It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for so little money.C. The man is out of his mind about the old vase.D. The man has run into a great fortune.5. A. He can't find a good idea about the problem.B. He feels hopeless about the project.C. He has encountered another problem.D. He is going to give up the project.6. A. It was worthwhile.B. It had a very tight schedule.C. It was a waste of time.D. It took him too much time on the road.7. A. It's useless to talk to the professor.B. The professor is often unfair.C. The man has done well enough.D. The man can't be better next time.8. A. The man should not say things like that.B. The man should fight back.C. The man should show his anger openly.D. The man should not complain openly.9. A. She was injured in the shoulder.B. She disliked the people who attended the party.C. She was laughed at for her behavior.D. She was unpopular at the party.Section BMini-talk One10. A. Improving the conditions of farm animals.B. Increasing the production of farm animals.C. Regulating the food marketing system.D. Regulating the food stores and restaurant chains.11. A. Because they want to save more money.B. Because they want the hens to lay more eggs.C. Because they want the hens to grow more lean meat.D. Because they want to sell the hens at a better price.12. A. Chickens should be kept in clean places.B. Pigs should be housed in large metal boxes.C. Farm animals should be slaughtered in factories.D. Farm animals should be killed without feeling pain.Mini-talk Two13. A. Under the mountains in the state of Nevada.B. At the power centers in almost forty states.C. Under the deep ocean.D. Near the inactive volcanoes.14. A. People object to burying it at the power centers.B. The power centers have no more space to store it.C. It is very dangerous to bury it in populous areas.D. The new site is the estate of the federal government.15. A. There are active volcanoes nearby.B. Some people still live in the area.C. The area is close to Las Vegas.D. The area is geographically unsafe.Section C16. What percentage of plant and animal species on Earth do rain forests contain?17. What critical role do rain forests play besides being home to animals and plants?18. How much has global output of carbon dioxide increased in the past century?19. To be classified as a rain forest, how should the trees look?20. How large is the size of the rain forest in South America?PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseas study.A. frustratedB. formulatedC. fabricatedD. facilitated22. Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.A. agreementB. consensusC. permissionD. support23. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.A. pull outB. pull upC. pull inD. pull over24. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.A. detectableB. triflingC. inexcusableD. magnificent25. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3rd straight time this summer.A. directB. proceedingC. verticalD. successive26. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.A. difficultB. sustainableC. externalD. unpredictable27. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.A. restrictB. reduceC. increaseD. stabilize28. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative.A. efficientB. conventional C, economical D. unique29. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through community service.A. pay offB. get offC. dispose ofD. run off30. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.A. brought forwardB. brought aboutC. brought downD. brought inSection B (0.5 point each)31. As females in their 40s tend to ______ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.A. take onB. hold onC. carry onD. put on32. The shop-owner took a loaf of ______-crusted bread and handed it to the child.A. fragileB. crispC. vagueD. harsh33. The excessive hospitality______ the local officials failed to leave us assured.A. on the point ofB. on the grounds ofC. on the advice ofD. on the part of34. These intelligence officers tried a ______ of persuasion and force to get the information they wanted.A. combinationB. collaborationC. convictionD. confrontation35. The terminally ill patient lying in the _______ care unit was kept alive on life support.A. apprehensiveB. intensiveC. extensiveD. comprehensive36. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is ______.A. ice-breakingB. eye-catchingC. painstakingD. soul-touching37. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll ______ brilliant high school students.A. intellectuallyB. intelligiblyC. intelligentlyD. intimately38. When a heavy vehicle is _______ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.A. involvedB. stuckC. interferedD. specialized39. A risk or effect may diminish _______, but it may also increase for some reason.A. at willB. over timeC. under wayD. so far40. It's in your best _____ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.A. sakeB. benefitC. advantageD. interestPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)“Techno-stress”--frustration arising from pressure to use new technology--is said to be 41, reports Maclean's magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 42 “the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 43 of work and home life as a result of 44 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones." How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 45 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 46 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. “ 47 time each day to turn the technology off,” and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 48 attention. “People start the day by making the 49 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of working to a plan,” notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp.” The best hour and a half of the day is spent on complete 50 .”41. A. descending B. narrowing C. mounting D. widening42. A. pass on B. range from C. deal with D. give up43. A. confusion B. construction C. contribution D. conduction44. A. creations B. promotions C. productions D. innovations45. A. laws B. boundaries C. deadlines D. barriers46. A. convenience B. advantage C. flexibility D. complexity47. A. Put forward B. Put across C. Put aside D. Put up48. A. prior B. major C. senior D. superior49. A. fragmental B. fictional C. fractional D. fundamental50. A. relaxation B.entertainment C. rubbish D. hobbyPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneThe study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops. "In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits," says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. "A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into apotato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans." In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity--some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes," said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.51. According to the author, biotech companies are _____________.A. mostly specialized in agricultureB. those producing seeds of better propertiesC. mainly concerned about the genetically engineered cropsD. likely to have big returns in their business52. Now biotech products are made _______.A. within the limits of natural geneticsB. by violating laws of natural geneticsC. without the interference of humansD. safer than those without the use of biotechnology53. In nature, genetic diversity is created __________.A. by mixing different speciesB. within the species itselfC. through natural selectionD. through selection or contest54. Biotechnology has made it possible ___________.A. for us to solve the food shortage problem in the worldB. for plants to be produced with genes of humansC. for humans to assume the cold-resistant propertyD. to grow crops with the taste of farm animals55. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology ________.A. the species of creatures will be reducedB. our living environment will be better than it is nowC. humans will pay for its side effectD. we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases56. The author's attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described as _________.A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. concernedD. suspiciousPassage TwoThe practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate over whether governments should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocate the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human rights issue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomesa public issue.57. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times ____________.A. death penalty had been carried out before government came into beingB. people thought it was right for the government to conduct executionsC. death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countriesD. many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel58. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A. People began to criticize their government.B. The government was unjust in this period.C. People began to realize the value of life.D. social critics were very active at that time.59. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria _________.A. was the first person to question the rightness of death penaltyB. was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishmentC. was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individualsD. first raised the theory against capital punishment60. Critics of capital punishment insist that it ________.A. violates human rights regulationsB. is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC. is just the revenge for terrible crimesD. involves killing without mercy61. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty_________.A. agree that it is a human rights issueB. agree that it can prevent crimesC. explain its statistical analyses differentlyD. think that they are asked different types of questions62. The author's attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as _________.A. supportiveB. criticalC. neutralD. contradictoryPassage ThreeBears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared in common--although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother.The key to a bear's survival is finding enough food to satisfy the energy demands of its large size. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears--their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear's body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic ground squirrel drops from 38°C to as low as -3°C.63. Most bears live alone because _______________.A. they don't want to keep a social networkB. each bear feeds on different kinds of foodC. male and female bears can't tolerate each otherD. they don't want other bears to share their food64. According to the passage, bears of the same sex__________.A. can get along with each other peacefullyB. share their range with each otherC. live in an area partly shared in commonD. cannot live peacefully in the same area65. As is told about bears in the passage, we know that___________.A. it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb treesB. a bear can long remember where it has found foodC. all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their preyD. all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals66. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because _____________.A. their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surroundingB. they need to fatten themselves up in the cold seasonC. they need to convert their fat into energy in winterD. they cannot find enough food in the cold season67. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that_______________.A. animals in hibernation don't wake up easilyB. animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supplyC. the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn't changeD. animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions68. The passage is mainly about____________.A. the species of bearsB. the food category of bearsC. the winter sleep of bearsD. the behavior of bearsPassage FourThe young man who came to the door--he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---didn't seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a large room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eight men, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one's early childhood—a sunlight encountered later only in one's dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace, and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect--and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give--and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow, but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and had read more of what I had written, than I had expected, and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversation, inlow tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I do not know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no---the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him--his worshipers' joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.69. Which of the following is the best alternative word for "imposing" (line 6)?A. EnthusiasticB. Hostile C, Impressive D. Anxious70. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?A. TranquilB. SolemnC. ChaoticD. Stressful71. How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?A. DelightedB. AstonishedC. EmbarrassedD. Scared72. Which of the following statements is true about the author?A. He talked little.B. He was puzzled.C. He enjoyed the conversation.D. He got more respect than he deserved.73. The men didn't get deeply involved in any subject because they_______.A. had little knowledgeB. didn't know one another wellC. wanted to relax themselvesD. awaited the arrival of someone important74. What can we learn about Elijah?A. He was admired by others.B. He was very handsome.C. He was a man with determination.D. He was happy to give speeches.Passage FiveSingapore's Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers, including wearable devices and a virtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bond's tool man, Q. It is funded by the Defense Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $5 billion defense budget, and sponsors hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took just one day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high fever, helping to stem the spread of SARS.DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have broad civilian applications.Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon. The Singaporean garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like materialthat is much lighter and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substances on contact.Much of the agency's work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations, says its director of R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower is one of the agency's most critical assignments, because Singapore is a nation of 4 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors, includingIndonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that means that smaller Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans, says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder, digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.75. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably__________.A. a mechanic in James Bond's garageB. a fictional Australian with spiky hairC. a director of the Advanced Combat Man SystemD. an imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment76. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA is NOT true?A. It became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.B. It funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality Lab.C. It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.D. It takes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.77. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly because_________.A. it is made of a new material resembling plasticsB. it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on itC. it has been adapted to the tropical weather thereD. its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment78. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?A. Smaller soldiers.B. Smaller population.C. Limited defense budget.D. Limited natural resources.79. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show_______.A. what DSTA has done to meet the country's special needsB. how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can beC. why it is difficult for Q to compete with Choo Hui WeingD. how Singapore's technology is superior to that of the British80. The main purpose of the passage is to ______________.A. analyze Singapore's defense systemB. summarize the contributions of DSTAC. introduce the technical advantages of a small countryD. describe the roles and achievements of a government agencyPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit andsuggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。
研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.B．Paragraph 2.C．Paragraph 3.D．Paragraph 4.正确答案：C解析：文章第三段最后两句都是在讲“the destruction done by oil companies”，故选C项。
TRANSLATIONSection A Put the following paragraph into Chinese.61．The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U.S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don’t know how to distinguish between health and illness. We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst and the result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention.正确答案：一所医学院的工作人员历时十二年形成了这样的大致印象：如今美国的头号健康问题是美国人分不清健康与疾病。
这种症状比艾滋病或癌症更为严重。
我们担心会染上重病，设想自己得了重病，因此就真的染上了重病。
研究生学位英语考试卷
GENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(2010-06)PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He has better hearing than others.B. He doesn‟t care what the woman may say.C. He is eager to know the news.D. He doesn‟t believe what the woman said.2. A. The camera is the latest style.B. The camera is multi-functional.C. The camera is small and fashionable.D. There‟s nothing new with the camera.3. A. She asks the man to postpone the invitation.B. She tells the man to take a raincoat with him.C. She refuses the invitation because it is raining hard.D. She wants the man to pay the dinner check.4. A. The manager will report to the company.B. The manager will make trouble for the man.C. The manager will get into trouble.D. The manager will fire the man.5. A. She‟s not courageous enough.B. She didn‟t have enough time.C. She was afraid of the monster.D. She didn‟t like the game.6. A. He‟s broke.B. He‟s sick.C. He‟s very tired.D. He has something to do at home.7. A. Stock trading is not profitable.B. The stock market is always unstable.C. Stock trading is easier than the man said.D. Stock trading is not as easy as the man thinks.8. A. James is warm-hearted.B. James is a car technician.C. James knows the woman‟s car very well.D. James is very skillful in car repairing.9. A. Jake would do stupid things like this.B. The man‟s conclusion is not based on facts.C. The man shouldn‟t be on a date with another girl.D. Jake didn‟t tell the man‟s girlfriend about this date.Section B ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini- talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After eachquestion, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. In 1984. B. In 1986. C. In 1992. D. In 1996.11. A. Almost 25 billion dollars.B. Almost 2.5 billon dollars.C. Almost 25 million dollars.D. Almost 2.5 million dollars.12. A. Her family. B. Her mother. C. Her father. D. Herself.Mini-talk Two13. A. It covers an area of more than 430 hectares.B. It took more than 16 years to complete.C. The lakes and woodlands were all built by human labor.D. The two designers of the park were from Britain.14. A. 7 kilometers.B. 9 kilometers.C. 39 kilometers.D. 93 kilometers.15. A. Baseball, football and volleyball.B. Basketball, baseball and football.C. Basketball, football and hockey.D. Chess, baseball and table tennis.Section C ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a talk. Answer the questions below. You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during whichtime you are asked to write down your answers briefs on the Answer Sheet. You nowhave 25 seconds to read the questions below.16. The new exhibit is called “________________________.” (6 words)17. The Family of Man show was designed to express the connections that __________. (3 words)18. The new exhibit was held at ___________________. (5 words)19. The new exhibit is divided into several parts: “Children of Man,”“Family of Man,”“Cities ofMan,”“Faith of Man”, and “__________” (3 words)20. The theme that comes out is really the unity of mankind that __________________. (5 words)PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. If a country turned inward and insulated itself, the result would be a diminished standard ofliving.A. worshipedB. spiltC. innovatedD. isolated22. The values and beliefs will dictate the direction of your pursuit as well as your life.A. ruleB. shapeC. alterD. complicate23. Studies have proved that smart people tend to be smart across different kind of realms.A. realitiesB. fieldsC. occupationsD. courses24. Humans are beginning to realize that raising food animals contributes substantially to climatechange.A. physicallyB. materiallyC. considerablyD. favorably25. This peer-reviewed journal has a specific emphasis on effective treatment of acute pain.A. urgentB. severeC. sternD. sensitive26. One way to maintain social stability is to crack down on crime while creating more jobs.A. clamp down onB. settle down toC. look down uponD. boil down to27. The city council decided to set up a school devoted exclusively to the needs of problemchildren.A. forcefullyB. externallyC. reluctantlyD. entirely28. City residents have a hard time trying to avoid contact with hazardous chemicals in daily life.A. dangerousB. prevalentC. novelD. invasive29. The most important aspect of maintaining a healthy diet is whether you can stick to it.A. insist onB. dwell onC. coincideD. adhere to30. I tried to talk my daughter into dining out in a nearby restaurant that evening, but in vain.A. to my surpriseB. on her ownC. to no effectD. to some extentSection B (0.5 point each)Directions:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.31. We won‟t have safe neighborhoods unless we‟re always ______ on drug criminals.A. toughB. roughC. thoroughD. enough32. The challenge for us is to _______ these new states in building a more prosperous future.A. participateB. engageC. commitD. contribute33. Forty-five years of conflict and _______ between East and West are now a thing of the past.A. convictionB. compatibilityC. collaborationD. confrontation34. Few people know the shape of the next century, for the genius of a free people ______prediction.A. deniesB. defiesC. repliesD. relies35. These countries are ______ concluding a free trade agreement to propel regional development.A. on the verge ofB. in the interest ofC. on the side ofD. at the expense of36. We‟ll continue along the road ______ by our presidents more than seventy years ago.A. given outB. made outC. wiped outD. mapped out37. When you win, your errors are ______; when you lose, your errors are magnified.A. expandedB. obscuredC. cultivatedD. exaggerated38. Although in her teens, the eldest daughter had to quit school to help ______ the family.A. provide forB. head forC. fall forD. go for39. Carbon _______ refers to the total set of greenhouse gases emissions caused by anorganization.A. fingerprintB. footstepC. footprintD. blueprint40. There is no question that ours is a just cause and that good will _______.A. vanishB. wanderC. witherD. prevail PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions:There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marched A, B, C, or D for each blank inthe passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosenwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.When people search online, they leave a trail that remains stored on the central computers of firms such as Google, Yahoo and Microsoft. Analyzing what we‟re looking for on the Web can offer a remarkable ___41____ into our anxieties and enthusiasms.UK writer and Internet expert John Battelle wrote on his blog, “This can tell us___42___ things about who we are and what we want as a ___43___.”Google‟s experimental service Google Trends, for example, compares the numbers of people searching for different words and phrases from 2004 to the present. According to these graphs, sometimes people‟s interests are obviously ___44___ the news agenda: when the Spice Girls announce a reunion, there‟s an immediate ___45___ to find out more about them. Other results are strikingly seasonal: people go shopping online for coats in winter and short pants in summer.The most fascinating possibility is that search data might help ___46___ people‟s behavior. When we search online for a certain brand of stereo system, we are surely indicating we‟re more ___47___ to buy that brand.Perhaps we search for a political candidate‟s name when we are thinking about ___48___ him or her. Maybe we even search for “stock market crash”or “recession”just before we start ___49___ our investments. This information could clearly be useful to a smart marketer –it‟s already how Google decides which ___50___ to show on its search results pages – or to a political campaign manager.41. A. investigation B. insight C. consideration D. prospect42. A. extraordinary B. obvious C. mysterious D. sensitive43. A. culture B. nation C. person D. mass44. A. reduced to B. resulting in C. backed up by D. driven by45. A. rush B. push C. charge D. dash46. A. presume B. preoccupy C. predict D. preserve47. A. liking B. alike C. like D. likely48. A. fighting against B. voting for C. believing in D. running for49. A. withdrawing from B. depositing in C. turning down D. adding to50. A. notices B. papers C. advertisements D. statements PART IV READING COMPREHENSION(45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then to the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choicesgiven and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneNew York‟s WCBS puts it in a way that just can‟t be better expressed: “It was an accident waiting to happen.”15-year-old Alexa Longueira was wandering along the street in Staten Island, obviously tapping text messages into her phone as she walked. Distracted by her phone, she failed to notice the open manhole (下水道窨井) in her path, and plunged into it, taking an unprepared bath of raw sewage along with receiving moderate injures. Longueira called the dive “really gross, shocking and scary.”It‟s not all Longueira‟s fault. The manhole shouldn‟t have been left uncovered and unattended, and no warning signs or hazard cones had been set up near the work site. A worker with New York‟s Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), who was preparing to flush the sewage, helped her out, and the department later issued a formal apology for the incident.Nonetheless, observers are harshly divided over who is to blame here. The DEP is certainly at fault for failing to secure the manhole, but to what extent should the girl be held accountable for failure to be aware of her surroundings? If she had stepped into traffic and been hit by a car, would her reaction (that is: anger and a potential lawsuit) be any different?Detachment from one‟s environment due to electronic gadgets is a growing problem – and a hazardous one. The government is even trying to get involved, with multiple laws on the books across the country outlawing cell phone use and text messaging while operating a motor vehicle in the wake of serious accidents involving distracted drivers. New York Senator Kruger even tried to criminalize the use of handheld devices (including phones, music players, and game players) bypedestrians while they are crossing streets in major New York cities, due to concerns over the number of auto vs. pedestrian accidents.Following a substantial outcry, the legislation appears never to have been formally introduced. But did Kruger have a point?What interested me, at least, is the end of the story above that Longurira lost a shoe in the sewage. But since other things are not reported as lost, I‟m guessing she appears to have managed to keep her grip on her phone during the accident.51. By “It was an accident waiting to happen”, New York‟s WCBS meant that _______.A. the accident should have been avoidableB. this kind of accidents happen frequentlyC. somebody was glad to see what would happenD. an open manhole is sure a trap for careless pedestrians52. When the girl fell into the open manhole, she _________.A. was seriously hurtB. was frightenedC. took a bath in the raw sewageD. cried help to the DEP worker53. According to the author, who was to blame for the accident?A. The girl herself.B. The DEP worker.C. Both A and B.D. Nobody.54. According to the passage, which of the following is illegal in the US?A. Talking on a cell phone while driving.B. Text messaging while walking across a street.C. Operating music players while driving.D. Operating game players while walking across a street.55. The phrase “in the wake of” (Para.5) is closest in meaning to “_________”.A. in view ofB. on condition ofC. as far asD. with regard to56. The author found it funny that the girl had _________.A. lost a shoe in the sewage in the accidentB. reported nothing lost after the accidentC. got a firm hold of her phone during the accidentD. managed to keep herself upright in the manholePassage TwoAccording to a study, intellectual activities make people eat more than when just resting. This has shed new light on brain food. This finding might also help explain the obesity epidemic of a society in which people often sit.Researchers split 14 university student volunteers into three groups for a 45-minute sessionof either relaxing in a sitting position, reading and summarizing a text, or completing a series of memory, attention, and alert tests on the computer. After the sessions, the participants were invited to eat as much as they pleased.Though the study involved a very small number of participants, the results were stark. The students who had done the computer tests downed 253 more calories or 29.4 percent more than the resting group.Blood samples taken before, during, and after revealed that intellectual work causes much bigger fluctuations in glucose (葡萄糖) levels than rest periods, perhaps owing to the stress of thinking.The researchers figure the body reacts to these fluctuations by demanding food to restore glucose –the brain‟s fuel. Glucose is converted by the body from carbohydrates (碳水化合物) and is supplied to the brain via the bloodstream. The brain cannot make glucose and so needs a constant supply. Brain cells need twice as much energy as other cells in the body.Without exercise to balance the added intake, however, such “brain food”is probably not smart. Various studies in animals have shown that consuming fewer calories overall leads to sharper brain and longer life, the most researchers agree that the findings apply, in general, to humans.And, of course, eating more can make you fat.“Caloric overcompensation following intellectual work, combined with the fact that we are less physically active when doing intellectual tasks, could contribute to the obesity epidemic currently observed in industrialized countries,” said lead researcher Jean-Philippe Chaput at Laval University in Quebec City, Canada. “This is a factor that should not be ignored, considering that more and more people hold jobs of an intellectual nature,” the researcher concluded.57. The passage mainly tells us that _________.A. consuming fewer calories can lead to sharper brainsB. thinking consumed more calories than restingC. resting more can make people fatD. brain cells need more energy than other cells in the body58. It is implied that to avoid obesity, people who have to sit long should _______.A. think more and eat lessB. increase the intake of vitaminsC. skip some mealsD. eat less potatoes59. The word “stark” in the 3rd paragraph is closest in meaning to “_________”.A. negativeB. obscureC. absoluteD. ambiguous60. According to the research, which of the following activities consumed the most calories?A. Relaxing in a sitting position.B. Reading professional books.C. Summarizing a text.D. Completing tests on the computer.61. According to the passage, eating less may make people ________.A. smarterB. less intelligentC. more emotionalD. live a shorter life62. One of the reasons for the obesity epidemic currently observed in industrialized countries isthat is these countries_________.A. people take different exercisesB. fewer people watch their weightC. fewer people hold physical jobsD. foods are much cheaperPassage ThreeOne of the simple pleasures of a lazy summer day is to be able to enjoy a refreshing slice of watermelon either at the beach, at a picnic, or fresh from the farmer‟s market. Delicious and nutritious, watermelon is one of those guilt-free foods we can all enjoy: one cup of watermelon packs only about 50 calories! Watermelons are not only cooling treats for when the mercury starts to rise; they are also loaded with healthy nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, lycopene (番茄红素), and etc. Vitamins A and C and lycopene antioxidants, which are substances that work to help get rid of the harmful effects of substances.Research has suggested that a diet high in fruits and vegetables that have plenty of antioxidants can reduce the risk of heart disease, some cancers, and some other dangerous diseases.A cup of watermelon provides 25% of the recommended daily value of vitamin C and 6% of the recommended daily value of vitamin A. Additionally, researchers have found that lycopene, a nutrient most traditionally associated with tomatoes, is found in equal or greater quantities in watermelon.Watermelons also provide significant amounts of vitamin B6 and vitamin B1, both of which are necessary for energy production. In combination with the minerals and vitamins already described, these B vitamins add to the high nutrient richness of watermelon. Due to its high water content (watermelon is 92% water by weight) and low calorie count, watermelon is good choice to satisfy your hunger while you try to eat a healthy diet. Think of them as nature‟s answer to the heavily marketed “vitamin water” craze.Besides the textured, watery flesh of the fruit, watermelon seeds are also widely eaten as a snack. They are rich in iron and protein and are often pressed for oil or roasted and seasoned.So if you are planning on dining outdoor this summer, or simply looking for a quick and convenient refreshment to serve to unexpected company or reckless children, reach for watermelon. The kids will enjoy its crisp taste and messy juices, the adults will enjoy its refreshing flavors, and everyone will benefit from its nutritious value.63. We don‟t feel guilty even if we eat more watermelon because ___________.A. it is deliciousB. it is nutritiousC. it contains low caloriesD. it contains antioxidants64. The phrase “when the mercury starts to rise” (Para.1) probably means “_______”.A. in summer eveningsB. on sunny daysC. when people are thirstyD. when it is getting hot65. How many cups of watermelon can satisfy the daily need of vitamin C?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four66. By saying “Think of them as nature‟s answer to the heavily marketed …vitamin water‟ craze”,the author means _________.A. watermelon can take the place of vitaminsB. with watermelon, people don‟t have to buy vitamin waterC. natural foods are much better than the manufactured onesD. the vitamin water has been over-advertised67. Watermelon seeds are often ________.A. fried in oilB. stored for seasonsC. prepared with spiceD. pressed before being cooked68. The best title of the passage is ________.A. Watermelon – the Most Enjoyable RefreshmentB. The Wonders of WatermelonC. The Nutrients in WatermelonD. Watermelon – the Best Summer Food for ChildrenPassage FourInitial voyages into space introduced questions scientists had never before considered. Could an astronaut swallow food in zero gravity? To keep things simple, astronauts on the Project Mercury ate foods squeezed out of tubes. It was like serving them baby food in a toothpaste container.But these early tube meals were flavorless, and astronauts dropped too many pounds. “We know that astronauts have lost weight in every American and Russian manned flight,”wrote NASA scientists Malcolm Smith in 1969. “We don‟t know why.” Feeding people in space was not as easy as it looked.Floating around in space isn‟t as relaxing as it might sound. Astronauts expend a lot of energy and endure extreme stresses on their bodies. Their dietary requirements are therefore different from those of their gravity-bound counterparts on Earth. For example, they need extra calcium to compensate for bone loss. “A low-salt diet helps slow the process, but there are no refrigerators in space, and salt is often used to help preserve foods,” says Vickie Kloeris of NASA. “We have to be very careful of that.”By the Apollo missions, NASA had developed a nutritionally balanced menu with a wide variety of options. Of course, all the items were freeze-died or heat-treated to kill bacteria, and they didn‟t look like regular food.Today, the most elaborate outer-space meals are consumed in the International Space Station (ISS), where astronauts enjoy everything from steak to chocolate cake. The ISS is a joint venture between the U.S. and Russia, and diplomatic guidelines dictate the percentage of food an astronaut must eat from each country. NASA‟s food laboratory has 185 different menu items, Russia offers around 100, and when Japan sent up its first crew member in 2008, about 30 dishes came with him. Due to dietary restrictions and storage issues, astronauts still can‟t eat whatever they want whenever they feel like it.In 2008, NASA astronaut and ISS crew member Sandra Magnus became the first person to try to cook a meal in space. It took her over an hour to cook onions and garlic in the space station‟s food warmer, but she managed to create a truly delicious dish: grilled tuna (金枪鱼) in a lemon-garlic-ginger sauce – eaten from a bag, of course.69. Which of the following is true about the early space meals?A. They had to be eaten from a bag.B. They tasted better than they looked.C. They could not make eating as easy as possible.D. They were not nutritious enough for astronauts.70. It seems that astronauts‟ weight loss ________.A. was an unusual problem among astronautsB. was what puzzled the early scientistsC. caused new problems in space flightsD. drew the attention of the general public71. According to Vickie Kloeris, serving a low-salt diet in space ________.A. is easier said than doneB. is not absolutely necessaryC. has worked as expectedD. will be the future trend72. In the International Space Station, _________.A. there is enough space to store enough foods for astronautsB. there is a selection of flavored foods from a dozen countriesC. astronauts in general prefer foods from their own countriesD. astronauts‟ need to eat their favorite foods can‟t always be met73. It can be learned that Sandra Magnus‟ cooking in space _________.A. left much to be desiredB. wasn‟t worth the effortC. was quite satisfactoryD. has inspired the others74. The passage mainly introduces ________.A. the variety of food options in spaceB. the dietary need of astronauts in spaceC. the problems of living in the space stationD. the improvement of food offered in spacePassage FiveIs it possible to be both fat and fit – not just fit enough to exercise, but fit enough to live as long as someone a lot lighter? Not according to a 2004 study from the Harvard School of Public Health which looked at 115,000 nurses aged between 30 and 55. Compared with women who were both thin and active, obese (overweight) but active women had a mortality rate that was 91% higher. Though far better than the inactive obese (142% higher), they were still worse off than the inactive lean (5% higher). A similar picture emerged in 2008 after researchers examined 39,000 women with an average age of 54. Compared with active women of normal weight, the active but overweight were 54% more likely to develop heart disease.That‟s settled, then. Or is it? Steven Blair, a professor of exercise science at University of South Carolina, described the official focus on obesity as an “obsession … and it‟s not grounded in solid data”.Blair‟s most fascinating study, in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2007, took 2,600 people aged 60 and above, of various degrees of fatness, and tested their fitness on the exercise device, rather than asking them to quantify it themselves. This is an unusually rigorous approach, he claims, since many rival surveys ask participants to assess their own fitness, or ignore it as a factor altogether.“There is an …association‟ between obesity and fitness.” he agrees, “but it is not perfect. As you progress towards overweight, the percentage of individuals who are fit does go down. But here‟s a shock: among class II obese individuals [with a body mass index between 35 and 39.9], about 40% and 45% are still fit. You simply cannot tell by looking whether someone is fit or not. When we look at these mortality rates in fat people who are fit, we see that the harmful effect of fat just disappears: their death rate during the next decade is half that of the normal weight people who are unfit.”One day –probably about a hundred years from now –this fat-but-fit question will beanswered without the shadow of a doubt. In the meantime, is there anything that all the experts agree on? Oh yes: however much your body weighs, you‟ll live longer if you move about a bit.75. It can be learned that the 2008 research ________.A. posed a challenge to the 2004 studyB. confirmed the findings of the 2004 studyC. solved the problems left behind by the 2004 studyD. had a different way of thinking from the 2004 study76. Steven Blair probably considers the previous studies as _________.A. unreliableB. uncreativeC. unrealisticD. untraditional77. The major difference between Blair‟s study and the previous research is that ________.A. Blair excluded the participants‟ fitness as a factorB. Blair guessed the participants‟ fitness after weighing themC. Blair required the participants to assess their own fitnessD. Blair evaluated the participants‟ fitness through physical tests78. Blair‟s study proves that __________.A. the weight problem should be taken seriouslyB. weight and fitness are strongly connectedC. it is possible to be both fat and fitD. fat people have a higher death rate79. It can be seen from the description of these studies that the author ________.A. shows no preference for any researcherB. finds no agreement between the researchersC. obviously favors the Blair studyD. obviously favors the Harvard study80. The purpose of writing this passage is to __________.A. call on people to pay attention to the weight problemB. present the different findings of various weight studiesC. compare the strength and weakness of different studiesD. offer suggestions on how to remain fit and live longerPAPER TWOPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions:Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet 错误！未找到引用源。
2009-2010学年东南大学研究生第一学期A班学位英语期末考试真题
2009-2010学年第一学期A班学位英语期末考试试题PartⅠListening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what war said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once: After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you maxi read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is, the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) At the office. B) In the waiting room. C) At the airport. D) In a restaurantFrom the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) They went a long way to attend the party.B) They didn't think much of the food and drinks.C) They knew none of the other guests at the party.D) They enjoyed the party better than the other guests.2. A) To the bookstore. C) To the market.B) To the dentist's. D) To the post office.3. A) Dr. Andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness.B) She disagrees with Dr. Andrews on many occasions.C) Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting.D) She dislikes Dr. Andrews as much as the new physician.4. A) Tom is usually talkative. C) Tom has dozens of things to attend to.B) Tom has a very bad temper. D) Tom is disliked by his colleagues.5. A) To pickup the woman from the library.B) To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C) To find out more about the topic for the seminar.D) To get the seminar schedule for the woman.6. A) The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.B) The woman has sold her used textbooks to the bookstore.C) The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore.D) The man doesn't want to sell his textbooks to the woman.7. A) Attend a conference.B) Give a speech.C) Meet his lawyer.D) Make a business trip.8. A) Jessie always says what she thinks.B) Jessie seems to have a lot on her mind.C) Jessie is wrong to find fault with her boss.D) Jessie should know the marketing director better.9. A) Heien is talkative.B) Helen is active.C) Helen is sociable.D) Helen is quiet.10. A) Jimmy will regret marrying a Frenchwoman.B) Jimmy is not serious in making decisions.C) Jimmy is rich enough to buy a big house.D) Jimmy's words are often not reliable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.B) It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.C) It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.D) It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds.12. A) People will have to rely on kudzu for a living.B) They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.C) They will become too hard to plough.D) People will find it hard to protect the soil.13. A) The farmers there have brought it under control.B) The factories there have found a good use for it.C) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.D) The soil there is not so suitable for the plant.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) A business corporation.B) The universe as a whole.C) A society of legal professionals.D) An association of teachers and scholars.15. A) Its largest expansion took place during that period.B) Its role in society went through a dramatic change.C) Small universities combined to form bigger ones.D) Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities.16. A) Private donations.B) Government funding.C) Grants from corporations.D) Fees paid by students.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) He was wounded in the Spanish civil war.B) He was interested in the study of wild animals.C) He started the organization Heifer International.D) He sold his cows to many countries in the world.18. A) To help starving families to become self-supporting.B) To make plans for the development of poor communities.C) To teach people how to use new skills to raise animals.D) To distribute food to the poor around the world.19. A) They should help other families the way they have been helped.B) They should offer all baby animals to their poor neighbors.C) They should submit a report of their needs and goals.D) They should provide food for the local communities.20. A) It has improved animal breeding skills all over the world.B) It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries.C) It has promoted international exchange of farming technology.D) It has bridged the gap between the rich and the poor in America.Part II Reading ComprehensionPassage OneQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:A nine-year-old schoolgirl single-handedly cooks up a science-fair experiment that ends up debunking（揭穿．．．的真相）a widely practiced medical treatment. Emily Rosa’s target was a practice known as therapeutic（治疗）touch (TT for short), whose advocates manipulate patients’“energy field”to make them feel better and even, say some, to cure them of various ills. Yet Emily’s test shows that these energy fields can’t be detected, even by trained TT practitioners（行医者）. Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation, Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare, “Age doesn’t matter. It’s good science that matters, and this is good science.”Emily’s mother Linda Rosa, a registered nurse, has been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade. Linda first thought about TT in the late ‘80s, when she learned it was on the app roved list for continuing nursing education in Colorado. Its 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the U.S.) don’t even touch their patients. Instead, they waved their hands a few inches from the patient’s body, pushing energy fields around until they’re in “balance.” TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds, relieve pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals, at up to $70 an hour, the smooth patients’ energy, sometimes during surgery.Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works. To provide such proof, TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing—something they haven’t been eager to do, even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field. (He’s had one taker so far. She failed.) A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line. But who could turn down an innocent fourth-grader? Says Emily: “I think they didn’t take me very seriously because I’m a kid.”The experiment was straightforward: 21 TT therapists stuck their hands, palms up, through a screen. Emily held her own hand over one of theirs—left or right—and the practitioners had to say which hand it was. When the results were recorded, they’d done no better than they would have by simply guessing. if there was an energy field, they couldn’t feel it.16. Which of the following is evidence that TT is widely practiced?A) TT has been in existence for decades.B) Many patients were cured by therapeutic touch.C) TT therapists are often employed by leading hospitals.D) More than 100,000 people are undergoing TT treatment.17. Very few TT practitioners responded to the $1 million offer because ____________.A) they didn’t take the offer seriouslyB) they didn’t want to risk their careerC) they were unwilling to reveal their secretD) they thought it was not in line with their practice18. The purpose of Emily Rosa’s experiment was ____________.A) to see why TT could work the way it didB) to find out how TT cured patient’s illnessC) to test whether she could sense the human energy fieldD) to test whether a human energy field really existed19. Why did some TT practitioners a gree to be the subjects of Emily’s experiment?A) It involved nothing more than mere guessing.B) They thought it was going to be a lot of fun.C) It was more straightforward than other experiments.D) They sensed no harm in a little girl’s experiment.20. What can we learn from the passage?A) Some widely accepted beliefs can be deceiving.B) Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories.C) Little children can be as clever as trained TT practitioners.D) The principle of TT is too profound to understand.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something that would be fairly harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality.Before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 years —and remains so. The story begins with the environmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. In New York city in 1900, according to the Car Culture. A 1975 book by J. Flink, a historian, horses deposited 2.5 millioo pounds of manure(粪)and 60,000 gallons of urine (尿) every day. Every year, the city authorities had to remove an average of 15,000 dead horses from the streets, It made cars smell of roses.Cars were also wonderfully flexible. The main earlier solution to horse pollution and traffic jams was the electric trolley bus (电车). But that required fixed overhead wires, and rails and platforms, which were expensive, ugly, and inflexible, The car could go from any A to any B, and allowed towns to develop in all directions with low-density housing, rather than just being concentrated along the trolley or rail lines. Rural areas benefited too, for they became less remote.However, since pollution became a concern in the 1950s, experts have predicted—wrongly—that the car boom was about to end. In his book Mr. Flink argued that by 1973 the American market had become saturated, at one car for every 2.25 people, and so had the markets of Japan and Western Europe (because of land shortages). Environmental worries and diminishing oil reserves would prohibit mass car use anywhere else.He was wrong, Between 1970 and 1990, whereas America’s population grew by 23%, the aumber of cars on its roads grew by 60%, There is now one car for every 1.7 people there, one for every 2.1 in Japan, one for every 5.3 in Britain. Around 550 million cars are already on the roads, not to mention all the trucks and mocorcyeles, and about 50 million new ones are made each yearworldwide. Will it go on? Undoubtedly, because people want it to.26. As is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has become a problem is that ________.A) poor people can’t afford itB) it is too expensive to maintainC) too many people are using itD) it causes too many road accidents27. According to the passage, the car started to gain popularity because ________.A) it didn’t break down as easily as a horseB) it had a comparatively pleasant odorC) it caused less pollution than horsesD) it brightened up the gloomy streets28. What impact did the use of cars have on society?A) People were compelled to leave downtown areas.B) People were able to live in less crowded suburban areas.C) Business along trolley and rail lines slackened.D) City streets were free of ugly overhead wires.29. Mr.Flink argued in his book that cars would not be widely used in other countries because ________.A) the once booming car market has become saturatedB) traffic jams in those countries are getting more and more seriousC) expensive motorways are not available in less developed countriesD) people worry about pollution and the diminishing oil resources30. What’s wrong with Mr.Flink’s prediction?A) The use of automobiles has kept increasing worldwide.B) New generations of cars are virtually pollution free.C) The population of America has not increased as fast.D) People’s environmental concerns are constantly increasing.1. Can the Computer Learn from ExperienceComputers have been taught to play not only checkers, but also championship chess, which is a fairly accurate yardstick for measuring the computer’ s progress in the ability to learn from experience.Because the game requires logical reasoning, chess would seem to be perfectly suited to the computer .all a programmer has to do is give the computer a program evaluating the consequences of every possible response to every possible move, and the computer will win every time. In theory this is a sensible approach; in practice it is impossible. Today, a powerful computer can analyze 40 000 moves a second. That is an impressive speed. But there are an astronomicalnumber of possible moves in chess — literally trillions. Even if such a program were written (and in theory it could be given enough people and enough time), there is no computer capable of holding that much data.Therefore, if the computer is to compete at championship levels, it must be programmed to function with less than complete data. It must be able to learn from experience, to modify its own program, to deal with a relatively unstructured situation—in a word, to “think” for itself . In fact, this can be done. Chess-playing computers have yet to defeat world champion chess players, but several have beaten human players of only slightly lower ranks. The computers have had programs to carry them through the early, mechanical stages of their chess games. But they have gone on from there to reason and learn, and sometimes to win the game.There are other proofs that computers can be programmed to learn, but this example is sufficient to demonstrate the point. Granted , winning a game of chess is not an earthshaking event even when a computer does it . But there are many serious human problems which ban be fruitfully approached as games. The Defense Department uses computers to play war games and work out strategies for dealing with international tensions. Other problems—international and interpersonal relations , ecology and economics , and the ever-increasing threat of world famine—can perhaps be solved by the joint efforts of human beings and truly intelligent computers .Notes1. check:a game played on a checkerboard by two players ,each using 12 pieces2. ecology:the relationship between organisms and their environment 生态关系，生态学Reading comprehension1 The purpose of creating chess-playing computers is __________A to win the world chess championB to pave the way for further intelligent computersC to work out strategies for international warsD to find an accurate yardstick for measuring computer progress2 Today , a chess-playing computer can be programmed to ________A give trillions of reponses in a second to each possible move and win the gameB function with complete data and beat the best playersC learn from chess-playing in the early stage and go on to win the gameD evaluate every possible move but may fail to give the right response each time3 For a computer to “think” , it is necessary to ________A mange to process as much data as possible in a secondB program it so that it can learn from its experiencesC prepare it for chess-playing firstD enable it to deal with unstructured situations4 The author’s attitude towards the Defense Department is____A criticalB unconcernedC positiveD negative5 In the author’s opinion,______A winning a chess game is an unimportant eventB serious human problems shouldn’t be regarded as playing a gameC ecological problems are more urgent to be solvedD there is hope for more intelligent computersPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the ___61__ half of the 19th century; most of ___62___ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S. the day-nursery movement received great ___63___ during the First World War, when ___64___ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented（前所未有）numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were establishes ___65___ in munitions（军火）plants, under direct government sponsorship. ___66___ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose ___67___, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, ___68___, Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control ___69___ the day nurseries, chiefly by ___70___ them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.The ___71___ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were ___72___ called upon to replace men in the factories. On this ___73___ the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools. ___74___ $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities ___75___ this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared ___76___ in day-care centers receiving Federal ___77___. Soon afterward, the Federal government ___78___ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later ___79___ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their ___80___ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.61. A) latter B) late C) other D) first62. A) those B) them C) whose D) whom63. A) impetus B) input C) imitation D) initiative64. A) sources B) abundance C) shortage D) reduction65. A) hardly B) entirely C) only D) even66. A) Because B) As C) Since D) Although67. A) unanimously B) sharply C) predominantly D) militantly68. A) therefore B) consequently C) however D) moreover69. A) over B) in C) at D) about70. A) formulating B) labeling C) patenting D) licensing71. A) outset B) outbreak C) breakthrough D) breakdown72. A) again B) thus C) repeatedly D) yet73. A) circumstance B) occasion C) case D) situation74. A) regulating B) summoning C) allocating D) transferring75. A) expanded B) facilitated C) supplemented D) compensated76. A) by B) after C) of D) for77. A) pensions B) subsidies C) revenues D) budgets78. A) prevalently B) furiously C) statistically D) drastically79. A) abolished B) diminished C) jeopardized D) precluded80. A) nurseries B) homes C) jo 0bs D) children参考答案1、C They knew none of the other guests at the party.2、B To the dentist’s3、C Dr.Andrews used to keep his patients waiting.4、A Tom is usually talkative.5、D To get the seminar schedule for the woman.6、A The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.7、B Meet his lawyer.8、A Jessic always says what she thinks.9、D Helen is quiet.10、D Jimmy’s words are often not reliable.11、C It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.12、B They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.13、C The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.14、D An association of teachers and scholars15、A Its largest expansinon took place during that period.16、B Government funding.17、C He started the organization Heifer International.18、A To help starving families to become self-supporting.19、A They should help other families the way they have been helped.20、B It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries.16. 正确答案为C)。