专四语法状语从句
大学英语四级考试语法讲解：状语从句
大学英语四级考试语法讲解：状语从句2015年大学英语四级考试语法讲解：状语从句1、主句和从句的主语保持一致，称为分词作状语。
2、若前后主语不一致，则称作独立主格结构。
1、分词作状语(1)条件：状语从句，前后主语一致(2)形式：分词作状语在句首+分词作状语在句后(3)省略方式：关系词(可保留)+动词形式变化(-ing/-ed)一、用作时间状语1. 典型例句When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
真题示例：When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷)A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared二、用作原因状语1. 典型例句As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷)A. FacedB. FaceC. FacingD. To face三、用作条件状语1. 典型例句If you work hard, you will succeed.If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.四、用作让步状语1. 典型例句Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
专四让步状语从句
从属分句状语从句包括时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、比较从句。
让步状语从句连接词：though、although、as ; even if、even though ; whether….or…..; no matter+疑问词，疑问词+ever.（1）though, although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。
although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。
值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
例句Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.（2）even if, even though 表示“即使……”，“纵使……”之意。
even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，也就是说，说话人肯定了从句的事实例句Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。
Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.)尽管他很穷，但她还是爱她。
（3）as, though表示“虽然……但是”，“纵使……”之意。
as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或冠词动词原形，且表语中的冠词要省略，though间或也用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。
例如：Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Thoughhe works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读
英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读根据历年专四真题语法词汇题的总结，从句是语法考试的难点，时间状语从句是难点之一，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读，希望能给大家带来帮助!§引导词有：when, whenever, after, as, while, since, before, until, as soon as, now that, once, directly等。
____ to sleep than the telephone rang once more.A) Hardly he had gone§B) No sooner had he goneC) Not until he wentD) Scarcely did he goHardly /Scarcely… when 和No sooner… thanShe comes to me whenever she feels lonely.Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong.Now (that) you mention it, I do remember.Directly he was out of sight of her, he wanted to see her.I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.The minute/ moment/ day, the first/ second/last time, each/every/next time 都可引导时间状语从句。
The day he returned home, his father was already dead. 【拓展阅读】专四条件状语从句考点解析1、连词看到条件状语从句，我们一般都能想到由if做连词，引导的状语从句。
英语专四语法考点总结
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为： would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋（should）动词原形；proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
专四常考语法点汇总
专四常考语法点汇总语法与词汇专项语法核⼼考点⼀：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上）要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、⽬的、条件、让步和⽅式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在⽅式、条件、让步、⽅式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
⼀状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. （2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?A. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：⼏种不常⽤的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?1. ⼏种不常⽤的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music.While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. ⽤了although或though，就⼀定不能再后⾯的从句中同时⽤but，但是though 可以和yet 连⽤。
专四语法 8 状语从句
状语从句的种类
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓 语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、 地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、 比较 、方式。
关联词 副词 时间状语从句 名词短语
as /when / while ;after ;before ; since ; till / until whenever ; no sooner …than / hardly … when immediately ; the moment ; the minute ; the second ; each (every )time ;the day (year ) ; next time ; the first (second /last ) time ; by the time
五、地点状语从句
引导词：where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere, etc They will go where they are happy. Wherever he went, he was warmly welcome. Where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句 的前面。 Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is water, there is life.
四、让步状语从句
• 引导词 though/althought/while, as, even if/though, however, whatever, no matter how/what/when, whether…or, granted that, for all that, in spite of the fact that, regardless of the fact that • Despite/in spite of / for all+名词结构
英语四级高级语法讲解：从句
英语四级高级语法讲解：从句英语四级高级语法讲解：从句【复合句】：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。
一、定语从句：1. that，which，who的使用。
一个句子当中有两个相同的名词，将其中的一个名词进行替换，如果是人，用who;如果是物，用which;that既可以指人又可以指物。
2. 谓语动词(结构)和后面的介词有两种关系：关系紧密&关系疏远;定语从句中如果谓语结构和介词关系紧密，则介词必须保留在谓语结构的后面，不能做任何位置的改动;如果谓语结构和介词关系疏远，介词一般提到which/who/that的前面; 介词加which正好表示时间，可以表达成whe- n;表示地点时，可以表达成where;表示原因时，变成why;3. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系非常紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思会改变;非限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系不是很紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思不会改变，定语从句只起到补充说明的意义;eg: He won the first place in the competition, which is out of our expectation.② 非限定性定语从句：which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在后面，as则只能放在句子前面二、名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同谓语从句;形式：名词+从句;连接词取决于后面的从句是什么样的形式;如果是陈述句，直接加that引导;一般疑问句：先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上weather或者if;特殊疑问句：直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的`句子变成陈述句语序;定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子，且在句子中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同谓语、介词宾语等成分;eg. Yuminhong, the president of New Oriental School.三、状语从句:两个独立的句子中间用一些含义不同的连接词连接;状语从句用来表达两个句子之间的逻辑关系;分成原因状语、条件状语、结果状语、时间状语、地点状语、让步状语、目的状语、比较状语、方式状语等九大类型;定语从句是名词+关系词+从句，关系词的用法取决于名词的问题;名词性从句：同谓语从句：名词+关系词+从句，关系词跟后面的从句有关系，如果是陈述句，直接加that引导;一般疑问句：先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上weather或者if;特殊疑问句：直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的句子变成陈述句语序;宾语从句：动词+关系词+从句;表语从句：系动词+关系词+从句;主语从句：关系词+从句+谓语动词;名词性从句，其关系词的来源取决于后面的从句的性质。
专四状语从句
He’ll tell me the truth when he _____________(come back from) Beijing. comes back from When I ____________(arrive at) the station, the train had left. arrived at
B. once, as soon as, the moment (that), &immediately
once与as soon as都表示主句的动作紧接在从句的动作之 后发生，只是as soon as表示两个动作间隔的时间更短。 而once则带有条件的意味。 Once you begin, you must continue. They heard voices as soon as they pushed open the door.
Adverbial Clauses of Time 时间状语从句） （时间状语从句） Adverbial Clauses of Place 地点状语从句） (地点状语从句） Adverbial Clauses of Reason 原因状语从句） (原因状语从句） Adverbial Clauses of Condition 条件状语从句) (条件状语从句) Adverbial Clauses of Concession 让步状语从句) (让步状语从句) 练习
状语从句就是在主句中充当状语的从句。它可分为时间、 状语从句就是在主句中充当状语的从句。它可分为时间、 地点、原因、方式、比较、结果、目的、 地点、原因、方式、比较、结果、目的、条件和让步等九种 类型的从句。状语从句位置灵活，可前可后， 类型的从句。状语从句位置灵活，可前可后，放在前面主从 句之间要用逗号分开，放在后面，则不用逗号分开。 句之间要用逗号分开，放在后面，则不用逗号分开。 Examples: She listened closely while he read. Where there is water, there is living things. The ship changed its course because there was a storm.
最新完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。
考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。
考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，与过去事实相反：had + done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would + do考点7：would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。
英语四级语法精讲——状语从句
英语四级语法精讲——状语从句状语从句状语从句：两个独立的句子中间用一些含义不同的连接词连接；状语从句用来表达两个句子之间的逻辑关系；分成原因状语、条件状语、结果状语、时间状语、地点状语、让步状语、目的状语、比较状语、方式状语等九大类型；eg：I got up late.I was late for school.Because I got up late, I was late for school. （原因状语从句）I got up late，so I was late for school. （结果状语从句）1. 地点状语：地点状语从句通常由where，wherever，everywhere 引导；eg：Where I live there are plenty of trees.Wherever you work, you will gain much valuable experience as long as you are willing to work.Wherever=no matter whereEverywhere they went, they were warmly received.Where there is a will, there is a way.where：不能翻译成在……地方时，通常翻译为如果，表示在……条件下；eg: Where you are confident，you will succeed.eg：Where previously the bank had concentrated on the big infrastructure projects , such as dams, roads and bridges，it begin to switch to projects which directly improved the basic services of a country.concentrated on ：集中于……2. 方式状语从句：方式状语从句通常由as，as if，as though，the way，what引导；eg：Always do to the others as you would be done by.When enter rome do as the romans do.（1）as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"；（2）as if/though："仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"；有时用虚拟语气，有时不用；eg：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. （与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。
英语专业四级考试英语状语从句
英语专业四级考试英语状语从句Understanding the use of adverbial clauses in English can significantly enhance one's ability to express complex ideas clearly and effectively. These clauses, which provide information about the main clause in a sentence, are essential for conveying time, place, condition, contrast, and cause among other relationships.When we discuss time, adverbial clauses can pinpoint an action's specific timing. For instance, "She was taking notes as the professor spoke," illustrates simultaneous actions. Conversely, "After the meeting concluded, they summarized the key points," indicates a sequence of events.Place is another relationship expressed through adverbial clauses, as seen in "Wherever there is light, photosynthesis can occur," suggesting that the process is not confined to a single location.Condition is often introduced with 'if' or 'unless,' setting the stage for potential scenarios: "If you study diligently, you will pass the exam," or "You won't understand the lesson unless you pay attention."Contrast is highlighted by clauses beginning with 'although' or 'even though,' providing a counterpoint to the main statement: "Although he had little formal education, he wrote brilliant essays," or "She decided to walk to work even though it was raining."Cause and effect are articulated through clauses starting with 'because,' 'since,' or 'as': "Since the company was expanding, they hired more staff," or "He practiced daily because he wanted to master the piano."These adverbial clauses enrich our language, allowing for nuanced expression beyond simple statements. They enable us to connect ideas and convey a fuller picture of our thoughts, making our communication more precise and engaging.In academic writing, particularly, the judicious use of adverbial clauses can lead to a well-structured argument. It allows the writer to present evidence ("As shown by the data,the hypothesis is correct"), contrast different viewpoints ("While some argue for immediate action, others suggest a more cautious approach"), and articulate outcomes ("Because the research was conclusive, the theory was widely accepted").Moreover, in everyday conversation, these clauses help us relate personal experiences and observations with greater depth. They allow us to share stories ("When I visited the old town, I felt as if I had traveled back in time"), give instructions ("Before you turn on the machine, make sure it's plugged in"), and express emotions ("Whenever I see that movie, I feel nostalgic").In conclusion, mastering adverbial clauses in English is not merely a grammatical exercise; it is a step towards more effective and sophisticated communication. By understanding and utilizing these structures, we can enhance our writing and speaking, ensuring that our ideas are conveyed with clarity and impact. Whether in academic circles, professional environments, or personal interactions, the ability to articulate complex relationships through language is a valuable skill, opening doors to richer and more meaningful exchanges. 。
专四语法考点串讲状语从句ppt课件
五、地点状语从句
• where/ wherever （wherever --- 无论哪 里）
• 考点聚焦：地点状语从句和where定语从句的 区别：
• Tips: 判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句，要 看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从 句，否则是状语从句。
• （6）It was not + 时间段 + before从句“没过多 长时间就……”
二、条件状语从句
• 连接词：if , unless( 如果..不，除非), so/as long as（只要）, on condition that（条件是），as (so) far as ( 据.. 所知), provided that（要是，如果）， in case(万一，假使)，等
• 考点二：while 尽管
• eg. While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.
• 考点三：Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用
• Eg. Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
• Since everyone makes mistakes in life, you needn’t scold him for it.
• The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
• 考点二、 when 既然
• Eg. How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen?
专四语法讲解(状语从句)讲课稿
eg. While I disapprove of what you say, I would defend to the death your right to say it.
虽然我不赞成你所说的话，我还是要拼命 维护你这样说的权利。
Exhausted though/as she was, there was no hope of her being able to sleep.
A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to [A] 14. _____, he is ready to accept suggestions from
C. Though hard the task is
D. Though hard is the task
[B]
13. Much as _____, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash. (99,52)
A. Whatever
B. Whenever
C. Whichever D. However
[A]
2. _____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (08, 55)
专四语法讲解(状语从句)
1.让步状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Concession
专四语法：PART5 状语从句.
PART5 状语从句 .Introduction状语从句也是四级词汇和句法部分考查的重点之一, 就状语从句而言, 主要是根据主从句的关系判断连词的使用。
因此,在准备状语从句时,主要任务是弄清楚各种状语从句的连词。
1.时间状语从句的连词表示时间的连词有 when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as,有些名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句,如 the moment, the instant, each time,有些是固定句型如: no sooner … than hardly/scarcely …when 。
⏹① as 强调同时,也表示 " 一边…… ,一边……" , while 表示主句动作发生在从句的过程之中,要求从句谓语动词为状态动词或持续性动词, when 的使用则比较简单, 相当于汉语的 " 当…… 时候 " 。
如:Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ____ it comes to classroom tests.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.after⏹四个选项都表示时间,但根据主从句间的关系可以判断答案为 A 。
⏹②注意 when 的特殊句型下列句型中 when 连接的不是时间状语从句,但考试中却常与其它时间状语从句的连词一块出题。
were/was doing something when …were/was about to do something when …had just done something when …⏹四级考题中不乏对上述结构的考查,如:I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ___ I heard voices.A.asB.whenC.afterD.while⏹I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave ___ something occurred which attracted my attention.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while⏹③注意no sooner … than …. 和hardly/scarcely …when 句中的时态。
专四语法专项训练 状语从句
状语从句考点1：时间状语从句连接词：when, while, as, till/until, before, after, since, once, as soon as,e very time, the moment, the minute, no sooner ..than hardly…when等(1) whenever1. Come and see me whenever _it is convenient to you____. (1997)A. you are convenientB. you will be convenientC. it is convenient toyou D. it will be convenient to you(2) No sooner than/ hardly ..when/ scarcely..when一 .就..用于句首要求倒装1. The couple had no sooner got to the station _than____ the coach left.2009A. whenB. asC. untilD. Than(3) 其它1. I enjoyed myself so much _when___ I visited my friends in Paris last year. 2008A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where2.When __ the Atlantic Ocean cross the equator, the trade winds cause a flow of water to the west. (1991)A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Though考点2：条件状语从句连接词：if , unless so/as long as, on condition that（条件是），as (so) far as (据..所知), provided that（要是，如果），in case(假使，如果)，only if（只有）等(2) only if只有1._Only if ___ both sides accept the agreement _will___ a lasting peacebe establish ed in t his region.2004A. Only if, willB. If only, wouldC. Should, willD. Unless, would(3) unless 除非1. You won’t get a loan _unless_____ you can offer some security.1996A. lestB. in caseC. unlessD. other than2. Unless___ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise. 1995A. UnlessB. AsC. ThoughD. Since3. _Unless____ their policy can be changed the future for that country will be indeed bleak. (1993)A. Even ifB. UnlessC. Now thatD. As long as4. We could go to a concert _unless____ you’d prefer to visit a museum. (1992)A. ifB. becauseC. unlessD. since考点3：原因状语从句连接词：Because, since, as (放句首) , for, now that(既然，由于）, when(既然), considering that（顾及到---）, seeing that（由于）。
专四语法第10、11节-定语从句和状语从句-知识点
第十节定语从句I.定语从句考点和知识要点：1. 定语从句五大概念概念一、什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。
在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。
关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。
概念二、关系词有哪些？1、关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）; 注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
2、关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因for which）概念三、关系词通常有下列三个作用？1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
Eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.概念四、关系代词和关系副词有何区别及方法？主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。
关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。
而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
Focus in：方法一：句子成份法：关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语。
方法二：句子完整法：关系代词引导的定语从句不完整；关系副词引导的定语从句是完整的。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.概念五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别A. 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号―，‖与主句隔开。
意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
专四语法(状语从句+反意疑问句)
3． 原因状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that,
considering that, given that.
• •
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
9. 方式状语从句 • 常用引导词：as, as if, how • 特殊引导词：the way • Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
反意疑问句
1. 当 陈 述 句 的 主 语 是 everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述 句的主语是非人称的复合词，如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。 例如: • Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they? • Nobody came, did they? • Anybody can read the book, can’t they? • Everyone thinks they’re the center of the universe, don’t they? • Nothing can stop us now, can it?
6． 条件状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that • You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. • Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
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副词性(状语)从句副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。
状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。
状语从句的测试重点为：考查考生对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握，看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。
1.条件状语从句的常考知识点(1)if与unless的用法。
if和unless都是引导条件状语从句的连词，考生应尤其注意unless的用法，因为它表示反面条件，相当于if not“如果不”、“除非”。
如：In deba ting, one must correct the opponent’s facts, deny the relevance of his proof, or deny that what he presents as proof, if relevant, is sufficient.(2)复合连词as long as，so long as，as far as，on condition that，in the event that；动词及分词provided(that)，providing(that)，given that, suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引导条件状语从句。
如：You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don’t mind taking the night train.Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary times, he is sure to pass the test.In the event that she has not been informed, I will tell her. (如果……)You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank. (如果……)Suppose it rained, we would still go. (假如……)Say it were true, what would you do about it? (假如……)(3)祈使句表示条件。
如：Dress warmly, or else you’ll catch cold.Talk to anyone in the drug industry, and you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research sincepenicillin was discovered.2.让步状语从句的常考知识点(1)as 引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。
如：Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes.Humble as it may be, there is no place like home.(2)while引导让步从句。
如:Everybody cheats a little, some psychologists say, while others insist that most people are basically honest and some w ouldn’t cheat under any circumstances.(3)复合连接词for all that和分词granting/granted(that)引导让步从句。
如: Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.For all that computers can provide us with great help, they shouldn’t be seen as substitutes for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.3.时间状语从句的常考知识点(1)before表示汉语的“只有/必须……才能”。
如:New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they are fully accepted.(2)when引导时间从句时，如果出现在后半句，则表示“这/那时突然”。
如：I have just started back for the house to change my clothes when I heard the voices.(3)when it comes to 是习惯用法，意为“当谈到……时”。
如：Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.(4)名词短语、介词短语each /every time, the moment/second/minute, in the time, by the time起连词作用。
如:I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”M ercury’s velocity is so much greater than the Earth’s that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one.(5)副词directly, immediately, instantly, now 引导时间从句, 相当于as soon as。
如:The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.4.原因状语从句的常考知识点(1)in that引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。
如:Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes. (2)now that表示“既然”; seeing that, considering表示“鉴于”、“考虑到”。
如: Now that we have all the material ready, we should begin the new task at once.He did poorly in the examinations, considering how hard he had tried for them.Seeing that she is lawfully old enough to get married, I don’t think you can stop her.其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有: for the (simple) reason that, by reason that, on the grounds that, in as much as, in so far as等。
5.while, whereas 引导对比从句如: While the teenage population in the United States has declined over the past decade, violent crimes committed by juveniles have sharply increased.A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, whereas he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.6.so…that…, with the result that, so much so that 引导结果状语从句如: Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at that university with the result that it has acquired substantial experience in dealing with them.He himself believed in freedom, so much so that he would rather die than live without it. 7.in order that, in case, for fear that, lest(用虚拟语气) 引导目的状语从句如: Give me your telephone number, in case I need your help.Helen listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what John wanted.8.where作为连接副词的一种用法, 翻译为“在……地方”如: In Japan, a person’s capabilities are not forced into an inflexible specialty. Where there is willingness and intelligence, there is a place within the company to try and to succeed.。