2016全国卷高考英语阅读七选五题型分析与解题方法

能力要求
• 要有阅读速度； • 要对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解； • 尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点， 区分出论点和论据； • 并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次； • 掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构。
文章结构
• 描述性结构：主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人 物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过 程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、 地点往往是出题重点 • 释义性结构：解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子 比喻类比阐述 • 比较性结构：把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行 对比 • 原因性结构：这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、 主观的、直接的、间接的 • 驳斥性结构：这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对 其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐 明自己的观点
阅读七选五题型 分析与解题方法
题型解读
试题模式为：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章， 对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、 内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。 “主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以 及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”命题依 据是《英语课程标准》提出的“提高学生用 英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决 问题的能力”的要求。
解题步骤
• 1) 快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首 尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折、 因果等关系词的句子等，目的是掌握文章的 主要内容。
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Question: I have recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 71 . My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn’t feel that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings? Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers (同事) is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period is required. Question-and-answer periods are a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points. 72 . 73 . When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification. Buy time When facing a hard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. 74 . These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question. Suggest a private meeting A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. 75 .
选项特点3：
注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）
Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74 答案选项：In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.
通过对2007、2008、2009宁夏、海南卷， 2009辽宁卷及2010北京、吉林、黑龙江卷的 分析发现，这种题型以说明文和议论文居多， 这两种文体的结构都比较清晰，过程完整， 适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以 达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求；而记叙 文相对较小，因为文中描述的情节联系紧密， 所设选项要紧扣文章的情节，少有暗示，难 度稍大，题空不好设置。
Biblioteka Baidu
选项特点2：
过渡性句子（文章结构）
• 例：From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time, ____36__Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule. • 答案选项：Ability is easily improved.
选项特点1：
主旨概括句（文章段落整体内容）
• 例：____39____ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. • 答案选项：Try new things.