theautobiographyfrombenjaminfranklin内容赏析本杰明富兰克林自传赏
The-Autobiographyof-Benjamin-Franklin
How He Started the Table
B.F did lots of reading and found that people defined virtues differently. He decided to make his own virtue form." I propos’d to myself, for the sake of clearness, to use rather more names, with fewer ideas annex’d to each, than a few names with more ideas". He included 13 names of virtues. These are more clarified, and express B.J's meanings.
Education. Not only in the first paragraph. Sharing experiences and thoughts.
Improvement of the well-being of more people. (Utilitarianism)
第六页，编辑于星期日：二十三点 五十一分。
spread these virtues. One shouldn't live without any restrictions. B.F designed a table to make sure he was being better, more moral, more rational.
第十二页，编辑于星期日：二十三点 五十一分。
2. 沉默寡言SILENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.
The-Autobiography-from-Benjamin-Franklin内容赏析本杰明富兰克林自传赏析讲解学习
Course: American LiteratureInstructor: Ma RuiStudent Name: Liu Zirui from Mingde college of NWPUClass Number: 082487Date: Oct.29th, 2011The Autobiography from Benjamin FranklinThe Autobiography was written by the great American writer Benjamin Franklin who was one of the American founders and the leader of the American independence movement, as well as the drafter of Declaration of independence. He was a politician, a scientist, a diplomat, a publisher, a writer and a social industrialist. He was praised as the second Prometheus who stole the fire from heaven to show his intelligent and contributions. He was the father of the modern civilization and a symbol of America.This autobiography was written by Benjamin when he was in his old age according to his experiences which has a great influence to the world. In his autobiography, he wrote thirteen virtues: temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity and humility which admonished people to try to be the best of yourself. By temperance he told us not to eat too dull and not to drink too much to be clear in mind. By silence he advised us not to say something that is meaningless but could benefit others or yourself. And by order he taught us that we need to take all our things in order so that we could have a tiny place to study, work and live. Resolution showed us what we decide to do need to be done with our consistency. He informed us to have a more comfortable life if we don’t waste our money in those empty and meaningful things by frugality. What’s more, industry showed us not to waste our time. Do something that is significant or good for you. Sincerity told us to be a loyal and honest people who could be trusted by others. And speak with accordingly. Justices informed us not to do things are negative to others and it’s our own duty to do things that are benefit to people. Moderation taught us not to do extreme things. Try to tolerate the injuries from others. And by cleanliness, he taught us to be a tidy person. In addition, he informed us to clam down when we come across some troubles. By chastity, he advised us to do things that could benefit or protect yourself, your family and friends’ reputation. Lastly, try to be humility as much as you can and imitate the great people like Socrates and Jesus.Mostly, his writing is ironic, satire and meaningful. In his autobiography, he used plain but humorous words to tell his life experience and his reflections. He opened up a new autobiography writing style which was very frequently imitated by the latter.I learned a lot from his autobiography not only from his intelligent but also his modesty. The way he treated people and the attitude he had when doing things that he made mind to do taught me to try my best to be the best of myself.。
美国文学选读第3版翻译-陶洁
美国文学选读第1单元自传The autobiography Benjamin Franklin我儿：我一向爱好搜集有关祖上的一切珍闻轶事。
你也许还记得当你跟我同住在英国的时候我曾经为了那个缘故跋涉旅途，遍访家族中的老人。
目前我正在乡间休假，预料有整整一个星期的空闲，我想你也许同样地喜欢知道我一生的事迹(其中有许多你还没有听过)，因此我就坐了下来替你把这些事迹写出来。
除此以外，我还有一些别的动机。
我出身贫寒，幼年生长在穷苦卑贱的家庭中，后来居然生活优裕，在世界上稍有声誉，迄今为止我一生一帆风顺，遇事顺利，我的立身之道，得蒙上帝的祝福，获得巨大的成就，我的子孙或许愿意知道这些处世之道，其中一部分或许与他们的情况适合，因此他们可以仿效。
当我回顾我一生中幸运的时候，我有时候不禁这样说：如果有人提议我重新做人的话，我倒乐意把我的一生再从头重演一遍，我仅仅要求像作家那样，在再版时有改正初版某些缺陷的机会。
如若可能，除了改正错误以外，我也同样地要把某些不幸的遭遇变得更顺利些。
但是即使无法避免这些不幸的厄运，我还是愿意接受原议，重演生平。
但是由于这种重演是不可能的，那么最接近重演的似乎就是回忆了。
为了使回忆尽可能地保持久远，似乎就需要把它记下来。
因此我将顺从一种老人中常有的癖好来谈论自己和自己过去的作为。
但是我这样做，将不使听者感到厌倦，他们或是因为敬老，觉得非听我的话不可，但是一经写下来，听与不听就可以悉听自便了。
最后(我还是自己承认了好，因为即使我否认，别人也不会相信)，写自传，或许还会大大地满足我的自负心。
说句老实话，我时常听见或在书上读到别人在刚说完了像“我可以毫不自夸地说……”这种开场白以后，接着就是一大篇自吹自擂的话。
大多数人不喜欢别人的虚夸，不管他们自己是多么自负。
但是无论在什么地方，我对这种自负心总是宽宥的。
因为我相信这种心理对自己和他四周的人都有好处。
所以，在许多情况下，一个人如果把自负心当作生命的慰藉而感谢上帝，这也不能算是怪诞悖理的。
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin is one of the greatest scientists as well as politicians in the American history. Regarded as the representative of capitalism spirit, Benjamin Franklin participated in the foundation of the USA, exploring the secrets of lighting and help draft the famous United States Declaration of Independence. This autobiography is written by Franklin himself in his later years, which has influenced generations of people, not only b ecause it displays how Franklin achieves success, but also moves people with the proverbs it contains.Born in the early 18 century, Benjamin Franklin grew up in a big family with 17 children in the North America. Though Franklin studies well, his family couldn’t afford to pay his tuition because they have so many brothers and sisters. Then he becomes a print apprentice with only two years education, but he never gives up acquiring knowledge in his ten years printer time. The books he has read cover every aspect, which exerts profound effects to his later success to some extent. One of his famous stories is the kite experiment; Franklin discovers that the essence of lighting is actually the same as electricity through leading the lighting in with a kite. Later, the War of independence broke out, as one of the leaders; Franklin took part in the drafting of the declaration of independence and the first American constitution.The majority of people may be attracted in the huge success he has achieved, but from my prospective, I’m absorbed in Franklin’s moral character more than his achievements. He has displayed thirteen virtues in this autobiography, including frugality, diligence, moderation, tranquility, chastity and humility, I think it is these great virtues that contribute to his success, and people nowadays just lack of some characters like these. Through Franklin’s childhood we learn that he is a diligent person because he read numbers of books in his work leisure time. After his death, what have been written on his gravestone is “printer Benjamin Franklin”, which fully reflects his humility. If one focus on how to cultivate more virtues in spite of gaining more profits, he will get the key to success. Thus, we should try our best to overcome our bad habits, form more moral characters to strengthen our heart. Success can’t be valued by property, only how much contribution one has made can illustrate it.The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is the most inspirational book I have ever read. Through Franklin’s words I realize a lot of philosophy of life, and I will learn from him to become a useful person to our society.。
Autobiography
Autobiography--- Benjamin FranklinThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is thetraditional name for the unfinished record of his ownlife written by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 to 1790;however, Franklin himself appears to have called thework his Memoirs. Although it had a tortuouspublication history after Franklin's death, this workhas become one of the most famous and influentialexamples of an autobiography ever written.Franklin's account of his life is divided into fourparts, reflecting the different periods at which hewrote them. There are actual breaks in the narrativebetween the first three parts, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four without an authorial break (only an editorial one).Part OnePart one of the Autobiography is addressed to Franklin's son William, at that time (1771) Royal Governor of New Jersey. While in England at the estate of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, Franklin, now 65 year old, begins by saying that it may be agreeable to his son to know some of the incidents of his father's life; so with a week's uninterrupted leisure, he is beginning to write them down for William. He starts with some anecdotes of his grandfather, uncles, father and mother. He deals with his childhood, his fondness for reading, and his service as an apprentice to his brother James Franklin, a Boston printer and the publisher of the New England Courant. After improving his writing skills through study of the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, he writes an anonymous paper and slips it under the door of the printing house by night. Not knowing its author, James and his friends praise the paper and it is published in the Courant, which encourages Ben to produce more essays (the "Silence Dogood" essays) which are also published. When Ben reveals his authorship, James is angered; thinking the recognition of his papers will make Ben too vain. James and Ben have frequent disputes and Ben seeks for a way to escape from working under James.Eventually James gets in trouble with the colonial assembly, which jails him for a short time and then forbids him to continue publishing his paper. James and his friends come up with the stratagem that the Courant should hereafter be published under the name of Benjamin Franklin, although James will still actually be in control. James signs a discharge of Ben's apprenticeship papers but writes up new private indenture papers for Ben to sign which will secure Ben's service for the remainder of the agreed time. But when a fresh disagreement arises between the brothers, Ben chooses to leave James, correctly judging that James will not dare to produce the secret indenture papers. ("It was not fair in me to take this Advantage," Franklin comments, "and this I therefore reckon one of the first Errata of my life.") James does, however, make it impossible for Ben to get work anywhere else in Boston. Sneaking onto a ship without his father's or brother's knowledge, Ben heads for New York, but the printer William Bradford is unable to employ him; however, he tells Ben that his son Andrew, a Philadelphia printer, may be able to use him since one of his son'sprincipal employees had just died.By the time Ben reaches Philadelphia, Andrew Bradford has already replaced his employee, but refers Ben to Samuel Keimer, another printer in the city, who is able to give him work. The Governor, Sir William Keith, takes notice of Franklin and offers to set him up in business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin goes to London for printing supplies, but when he arrives, he finds that Keith has not written the promised letter of recommendation for him, and that "no one who knew him had the smallest Dependence on him." Franklin finds work in London until an opportunity arises of returning to Philadelphia as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant; but when the Denham takes ill and dies, he returns to manage Keimer's shop. Keimer soon comes to feel that Franklin's wages are too high and provokes a quarrel which causes the latter to quit. At this point a fellow employee, Hugh Meredith, suggests that Franklin and he set up a partnership to start a printing shop of their own; this is subsidized by funds from Meredith's father, though most of the work is done by Franklin as Meredith is not much of a press worker and is given to drinking.They establish their business, and plan to start a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this plan, he rushes out a paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette. This publication limps along for three quarters of a year before Franklin buys the paper from Keimer and makes it "extremely profitable." (The Saturday Evening Post traces its lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) The partnership also receives an appointment as printer for the Pennsylvania assembly. When Hugh Meredith's father experiences financial setbacks and cannot continue backing the partnership, two friends separately offer to lend Franklin the money he needs to stay in business; the partnership amicably dissolves as Meredith goes to North Carolina, and Franklin takes from each friend half the needed sum, continuing his business in his own name. In 1730 he marries Deborah Read, and after this, with the help of the league of ordinary gentlemen,[1] he draws up proposals for a "Subscription Library"—the first public library. At this point Part One breaks off, with a memo in Franklin's writing noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".Part TwoThe second part begins with two letters Franklin received in the early 1780s while in Paris, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have read Part One. (Although Franklin does not say so, there had been a breach with his son William after the writing of Part One, since the father had sided with the Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.)At Passy, a suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, giving a more detailed account of his public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project of arriving at moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect in himself. He creates a book with columns for each day of the week, in which he marks with black spots his offenses against each virtue.[1]Of these virtues, he notices that Order is the hardest for him to keep. He eventually realizes that perfection is not to be attained, but feels himself better and happier because of his attempt.Part ThreeBeginning in August 1788 when Franklin had returned to Philadelphia, the author says he will not be able to utilize his papers as much as he had expected, since many were lost inthe recent Revolutionary War. He has, however, found and quotes a couple of his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is the "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he then considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He had intended this as a basis for a projected sect but, Franklin says, did not pursue the project.In 1732, Franklin first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanac, which becomes very successful. He also continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Franklin supports him and writes pamphlets on his behalf. However, someone finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others; although Franklin rationalizes this by saying he would rather hear good sermons taken from others than poor sermons of the man's own composition.Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to smallpox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into subordinate clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk of the General Assembly in 1736, and the following year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier to get reports and fulfill subscriptions for his newspaper. He proposes improvements to the city' watch and fire prevention regulations.The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739 and despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him in his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides the capital for several of his workers to start printing houses of their own in other colonies. He makes further proposals for the public good, including some for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with the pacifist position of the Quakers.In 1740 he invents the Franklin stove, refusing a patent on the device because it was for "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is raised by subscription for it and it expands so much that a new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice of the peace) and helps negotiate a treaty with the Indians. After helping Dr. Thomas Bond establish a hospital, he helps pave the streets of Philadelphia and draws up a proposal for Dr. John Fothergill about doing the same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster General.The next year, as war with the French is expected, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with the Indians to discuss defense; Franklin at this time draws up a proposal for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. General Braddock arrives with two regiments, and Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the general refuses to take Ben's warning about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). When Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, the general is mortally wounded and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.A militia is formed on the basis of a proposal by Benjamin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwestern frontier. With his son as aide de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the militia and building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, he is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by personally escorting him out of town. This attention offends the proprietor of the colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an account of it in a letter to him, whereupon theproprietor complains to the government in England about Franklin.Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes letters about them that are published in England as a book. Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, and AbbéNollet, who is offended because this work calls into question his own theory of electricity, publishes his own book of letters attacking Franklin. Declining to respond on the grounds that anyone could duplicate and thus verify his experiments, Franklin sees another French author refute Nollet, and as Franklin's book is translated into other languages, its views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also voted an honorary member of the Royal Society.A new governor arrives, but disputes between the assembly and the governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the instructions issued by the colony's proprietor, there is a continuing struggle for power between the legislature and the governor and proprietor.) The assembly is on the verge of sending Franklin to England to petition the King against the governor and proprietor, but meanwhile Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf of the English government to mediate the differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after stopping at New York and making an unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his outlay of funds during his militia service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.Part FourWritten sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very brief. After Franklin and his son arrive in London, the former is counselled by Dr. Fothergill on the best way to advocate his cause on behalf of the colonies. Franklin visits Lord Granville, president of the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king is the legislator of the colonies? Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Penn are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind of agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin to write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a year later, the proprietaries finally respond to the assembly, regarding the summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor to pass a taxation act, and Franklin defends the act in English court so that it can receive royal assent. While the assembly thanks Franklin, the proprietaries, enraged at the governor, turn him out and threaten legal action against him; in the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".It is apparent that Franklin intended to cover more ground, because an outline of the Autobiography written by him and copied by Henry ends with a reference to the Treaty of Paris, which Franklin helped negotiate, so the obvious inference is that Franklin's death prevented his proceeding further with the Autobiography.。
The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin精品读后感
The autobiography of Benjamin FranklinGood morning, everyone! Today I want to talk about the book: the autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. About Benjamin Franklin, I guess we all are very familiar with him, so I want to just give you a brief introduction. Born in 1706, Benjamin Franklin is not only one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He is a leading writer, publisher, inventor, diplomat, scientist, and philosopher. He is well-known for his experiments with electricity and lightning.Next, I want to talk about his autobiography. The book starts as a letter to his son. At first, he briefly introduces his family history. Then he begins to tell his own life. He goes to school when at the age of 8, but he is taken to help his father in his business of making candles and soaps. He then becomes an apprentice in his brother’s factory. When he is only 17 years old, he leaves Boston for Philadelphia alone. He has changed several places to work, but all his work is about printing. So, in Philadelphia he masters many printing skills and more importantly, he is acquainted with many people. Afterwards he has been to London for 18 months. When he comes back to Philadelphia, he begins his own printing business, gradually, make it a great success. At the same time, he has formed most of his ingenious acquaintance into a club for mutual improvement, which is called the Junto. Based on it, he and his friends several years later build the first library in America. He not only makes his business a success, but also gains a lot of respects and reputation from the society. The government speaks highly of him and has commissioned him to deal with the conflicts with Indians and England. He makes great contributions to the American independence. From the poverty and obscurity in which he was born, and in which he passed his earliest years, Franklin has raised himself to a state of affluence and celebrity in the world. He has a voracious appetite for knowledge and pursues it all his life. So, he is proficient in French, Spanish, Italian, and Latin. No pain, no gain. His success is based on his consistent endeavor and willpower. Therefore, if we want to achieve something, we should put in a lot of hard work and be voracious and enthusiastic. From this book, I also learn the art of getting along with others, especially when we try to express a different idea. As Franklin says, he will never use the words “definitely” “absolutely”and so on, when he communicates with others. It is very useful. If we tell something in an arbitrary and absolute way, it may cause disputes, so people can not treat your opinion with justice. In addition, this way of expressing will not please the listeners, nor can persuade them to agree with us. So, when we give a different opinion, we can say “in my opinion” “if I’m not in the wrong” and so forth. Moreover, what make a deep impression on me are his 13 virtues in his autobiography. They are as follows: temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity and humility. In order to attain these virtues, he makes a little book, in which he allots a page for each of the virtues. I think that there are several virtues very practical to us. First, it’s order. Everything has its order. So does our life. If we make it a mess, nothing can go on. Consequently, we should put things in order. Then it’s resolution. We all have dreams, but few have the resolution to make it come true. When we resolve to do something, just carry on and don’t give up. Thirdly, it’s industry. Einstein says thatgenius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. No one could succeed without hard working. Therefore, don’t waste time and work hard, we will harvest a lot. Finally, it’s sincerity. Being sincere is very important, especially to friends. The maintenance of a friendship is not only based on the mutual trust and understanding, but also based on the sincerity.In a word, I benefit a lot from his autobiography. The words he uses are easy to understand and quite philosophical. Moreover, the way he conducts himself teaches me a lot. And more importantly, I learn that nothing in the world is impossible, if you set your mind to do it.。
20120312,From The Autobiography富兰克林自传部分
From The AutobiographyIt was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection. I wished to live without committing any fault at any time, and to conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other. But I soon found I had under taken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined.约在此时我想起道德圆满的勇敢和坚毅的计划。
无论何时我愿意过着没有荒谬行为的生活；我必须克服一切的自然倾向、习惯、或伴侣的诱惑。
具我所知，或自以为是，什么是对的或是错的，我不明白为什么我不能常去做这一件事和避免那另一件事。
但是我立即觉得我已担负了一个任务，其困难度超出我意料之外。
While my attention was taken up, and employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was some times too strong for reason. I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous, was not sufficient to prevent our slipping; and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct. For this purpose I therefore tried the following method.当我的注意力是用来监视某一种过失时，常常又被其它的过失吓到了；习惯有轻忽之利。
富兰克林自传——TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklin
富兰克林自传——TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklin富兰克林自传——The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinAbout this time I met with an odd volume of the Spectator.I had never before seen any of them.I bought it,read it over and over,and was much delighted with it. I thought the writing excellent,and wished ,if possible,to imitate it. With that view I took some of the papers,and,making shout hints of the sentiments in each sentence,laid them by a few days,and then,without looking at he hook,tried to complete the papers again,by expressing each hinted sentiment at length,and as fully as it had been expressed before,in any suitable words that should occur to me.Then I compared them.But I found I wanted a stock of words,or a readiness in recollecting and using them,which I thought I should have acquired before that time if I had gone on making verse;since the continual search for words of the same import,but dof different length,to suit the measure,or of different sound for the rhythm,would have laid me under a constant necessity of searching for variety,and also have tended to fix that variety in my mind,and make me master of it.Therefore I took some of the tales in the Spectator,and turned them into verse;and,after a time,when I had pretty wll forgotten the prose,turned them back again.I also sometimes jumbled my collection of hints into confusion,and after some weeks endeavored to reduce them into the best order,before I began to form the full sentences and complete the subject.This was to teach me method in the arragement of the thoughts.By comparing my work with the orginal,I discovered many faults and corrected them;but I sometimes had the pleasure to fancy that, in particulars of small consequence,I had been fortunate enoughto improve the method or the language,and this encouraged me to think that I might in time comt to be tolerate English writer,of which I was extremely ambitious.差不多这一时期我得到一本叫《旁观者》的奇怪册子。
富兰克林的自传Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography
2, Besides, there are some other inducements that excite me to this undertaking. From the poverty and obscurity in which I was born, and in which I passed my earliest years, I have raised myself to a state of affluence and some of celebrity in the world. As constant good fortune has accompanied me even to an advanced period of life, my posterity will perhaps be desirous of learning the means which I employed, and which, thanks to Providence, so well succeeded with me. They may also deem them fit to be imitated, should any of them find themselves in similar circumstances. (to instruct posterity)
Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography
For what purpose did he write his Autobiography?
1, Dear Son, I have ever had a Pleasure in obtaining any little Anecdotes of my Ancestors. You may remember the Enquiries I made among the Remains of my Relations when you were with me in England; and the journey I took for that purpose. Now imagining it may be equally agreeable to you to know the Circumstances of my Life, many of which you are yet unacquainted with; and expecting a Weeks uninterrupted Leisure in my present Country Retirement, I sit down to write them for you. (interest in genealogy)
富兰克林自传 第4章
• 17岁时，他就独自到费城自谋出路 。经过千辛万苦，他终于开办了自 己的印刷所，并受到大家的一致好 评。他通过自己超群的技艺、敬业 的精神和为人处世的美德使自己的 生意蒸蒸日上。
• 富兰克林曾说过这样一句话：“在我看来， 能够给人类带来幸福的，与其说是千载难逢 的巨大的幸运，倒不如说是每时每刻发生在 他们身边的琐细的方便。”我认为，这句很 有启发性的话提醒了人们：不要只顾那些百 年不遇的幸运，而忽略了身边的小事；这句 话也很好地解释了富兰克林的那些造福人类 的发明和他成为发明家的原因。
富兰克林的故事告诉 我们，以后需要在： 尊重，寡言，谦虚， 俭朴方面多加注意， 去除一些坏的习惯， 也许对自己的成长会 有很大的帮助。
The important events
• The experiences when F went back to New York • His friends—Collins (like drinking very much) • The conversations with the governor— Burnet. • The breaking into this money of Vernon’s was one of the first great errata of F’s life
• "The gov'r treated me with great civility,showed me his library,which was a governor who had done me the honor to take notice of me,which,to a poor boy like me,was very pleasing." • 在他看来,读书是他打开幸福成功之门的 钥匙.书是无价之宝,是他最大的快乐
Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 2(1)富兰克林自传答案
• Did he patent his stove? Why? No. He didn’t. He thought that since he himself was now enjoying the inventions of other people for free, so he should also let other people enjoy his inventions free of charge.
• How did Braddock fight the French forces? He was too arrogant but not sober enough. So he soon lost the battle, and got replaced.
• What was the difference between the English and French armies? The Americans, though mostly originated from Britain, found the English army abominable while the French army respectable. The former destroyed the fields and crops, pilfered and stole, cheated and robbed, while the later hardly ever made trouble for local people.
lecture 3 The Autobiography
3.How did he arrive in Philadelphia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington. The next day he reached Burlington on foot, and in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia. He arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf.
2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life. After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.
• ★It is a record of a man
rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity into which he was born, an account of the colorful career of America's first self-made man.
The-Autobiography-of-Benjamin-Franklin-final
发明玻璃琴 发现闪电和电的性质
改进富兰克林火炉 提出富兰克林时间理论
作品：《The ubiogrphy of Benjmin Frnklin》 写作风格：简洁明了富有哲理 影响力：对美国文学和世界文学产生了深远影响 评价：被誉为美国文学经典之一
参与起草《独立宣言》 参与制定美国宪法 创立宾夕法尼亚大学 担任美国驻法国大使
独立思考：富兰 克林提倡独立思 考反对盲从和迷 信认为这是个人
成长的关键。
广泛涉猎：富兰 克林认为广泛涉 猎各种知识和技 能对个人成长至 关重要有助于提 高综合素质和应 对复杂多变的世
界。
汇报人：
政治：参与起 草《独立宣言》 为美国独立做
出贡献
科学：发明避 雷针对电学研
究做出贡献
文化：创办图 书馆推广阅读 提高民众文化
素质
教育：创办大 学推广教育提
高国民素质
经济：创办印 刷厂推动印刷 业发展促进经
济发展
社会：倡导节 俭反对奢侈影
响社会风气
评价：被誉为美国开国元勋之一对美国独立和建国做出了巨大贡献
纪念：美国邮政局发行了以他为主题的邮票以纪念他的贡献
纪念：美国费城建立了以他为主题的博物馆以纪念他的生平和贡献 纪念：美国宾夕法尼亚大学设立了以他为主题的奖学金以纪念他的学术成 就和贡献
勤奋努力：本杰 明·富兰克林通 过自学成为作家、 发明家和政治家 他的成功离不开 长期的努力和坚
持。
道德修养：富兰 克林强调道德修 养对个人成长的 重要性认为正直、 诚实、节俭等品 质是成功的基石。
就读于哈佛大学 成为印刷工人的学徒 创立自己的印刷店 自学成才涉猎广泛
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
印刷工：17岁开始从事印刷工作期间自学英语和写作 记者：创办《宾夕法尼亚报》成为美国历史上第一位成功的报业人士 政治家：参与美国独立运动担任美国驻法大使起草美国宪法 发明家：发明了玻璃琴、双眼镜、新式壁炉等
美国文学 Unit1B.Franklin
(4)
Significance:Puritanism: God is all, and man is
accelerating freeing people from the limitations set by prevailing Puritanism;
nothing. Deny man’s nature and power; predestined by God; see man as a sinful social progress; (education) failure
牛顿提出运动定律和万有引力学说宇宙受一定的自然法则约束而不受上帝控制由此产生了自然神论
Selected Readings in American Literature
Unit 1
Banjanmin Franklin (1706-1790)
the Autobiography (excerpt)
(5) Influence on literature In form: imitating English classic writers remain derivative and dependent In content: utilitarian tendency功利主义 (for political or educational purpose Political purpose：Journals, speeches, pamphlets, broadsides, declaration
Results of the conflicts
1775, Lexington, beginning of the Independence War 1776, Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence 1778, alliance with France, turning point for American army 1778, English army surrendered 1783, formal recognition from Britain government The American War of Independence lasted 8 years from 1775-1783
富兰克林自传——The-Autobiography-of-Benjamin-Franklin教案资料
富兰克林自传——T h e-A u t o b i o g r a p h y-o f-B e n j a m i n-F r a n k l i n富兰克林自传——The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinAbout this time I met with an odd volume of the Spectator.I had never before seen any of them.I bought it,read it over and over,and was much delighted with it. I thought the writing excellent,and wished ,if possible,to imitate it. With that view I took some of the papers,and,making shout hints of the sentiments in each sentence,laid them by a few days,and then,without looking at he hook,tried to complete the papers again,by expressing each hinted sentiment at length,and as fully as it had been expressed before,in any suitable words that should occur to me.Then I compared them.But I found I wanted a stock of words,or a readiness in recollecting and using them,which I thought I should have acquired before that time if I had gone on making verse;since the continual search for words of the same import,but dof different length,to suit the measure,or of different sound for the rhythm,would have laid me under a constant necessity of searching for variety,and also have tended to fix that variety in my mind,and make me master of it.Therefore I took some of the tales in the Spectator,and turned them into verse;and,after a time,when I had pretty wll forgotten the prose,turned them back again.I also sometimes jumbled my collection of hints into confusion,and after some weeks endeavored to reduce them into the best order,before I began to form the full sentences and complete the subject.This was to teach me method in the arragement of the thoughts.By comparing my work with the orginal,I discovered many faults and corrected them;but I sometimes had the pleasure to fancy that, in particulars of small consequence,I had been fortunate enough to improve the method or the language,and this encouraged me to think that I might in time comt to be tolerate English writer,of which I was extremely ambitious.差不多这一时期我得到一本叫《旁观者》的奇怪册子。
本杰明。富兰克林自传（Benja...
本杰明。
富兰克林自传（Benjamin. the autobiography of benjaminfranklin）His autobiography is my struggle, and that seems to be his brother's printed newspaper article, in short, things seem to be a little bit different from what you say. The following paste the original, I hope to help you.Benjamin Franklin (Benjamin Franklin)There is a full range of great figures in the United States, many scholars called him "the sage", "the" father of the American Revolution, he is Franklin. Most students just know: he is flying the kite conducting in the story of scientists, but you may not know that he was a pioneer in the United States in eighteenth Century, enlightenment industrialists, scientists, writers, politicians, diplomats, one of the leaders of the American Revolution, assisting in drafting, modifying the "American" Declaration of independence ", his achievement in one's life, at the same time almost no one can match. You must think he is a genius in fact he only took 2 years of primary school, then dropped out of school to the printing shop as an apprentice printer...... .Father's little helperFranklin was born in Boston, USA in 1706, when the United States was not independent, and it was a British colonyThe home of a lot of brothers and sisters, father of many children can not afford school fees, so the Franklin brothers,very early into a variety of different industries, Baishixueyi. At that time, nothing matters than to learn more important proficiency in a particular line, supporting the family. Therefore, although Franklin had school, but at the age of 10, began when the father's business little helper, operating oil and candles, soap making. Franklin's father is a versatile, strong man, in painting, music, machinery have talent, in dealing with some things, can often exhibit profound insights and correct the judge, he also often invited the local people with wisdom to many social and life problems at home, Franklin in this environment influence, from an early age to develop good, honest, prudent, constantly seek knowledge and virtue.Because grew up in coastal areas, Franklin grew to love the sea, very good at swimming, boating, so the body is very good, which makes the little sick in his life. His childhood biggest dream is to go to sea, the father to worry he left home to go sailing, will bring him around, often take him to watch some outstanding craftsmen I hope to work, his interest is fixed in a land-based industry. Because of this, Franklin savvy, plus the inquisitive, he quickly learned to use many skills and tools, so he can easily make some experiments or self-made small machinery.Printers' articlesAt the age of 12, his brother James back to a printing machine and the type from the UK, at his father's behest, Franklin began when his brother's Apprentice (right: as an apprentice of Franklin), learning the printing. This period of apprenticeship period, he often found because he has never gone to school, so write or write the lack of vocabulary, grammar,confusion, with his father a communication content he and his friends, also accused him of: organized as others clearly worded as the other elegant. This makes Franklin feel very sad, but he was determined to write the article. Then he began to read a lot of books that magazine, and the imitation of publications on the style. His way is to put the thought outline in mind, then their vocabulary and grammar re expression, and then compared with the original article, find their own inadequacies. By constantly reading, continue to write, by his writing, he also anonymously, for a number of articles to brother James's "new England" report, at that time, James's newspaper has considerable popularity and sales, brother thought he was a learned famous scholar Franklin of that time is only 15,6 years old.American people who drink waterIn fact, Franklin and his brother often quarrel, partly because Franklin young, often contradict brother hand; James also quite irritable temper, motionless on the apprentice brother finally got two cuff and kick, finally part.Leave the brother of Franklin, this year only 17 years old, he decided to make a career for himself.',Penniless Franklin, first find a printing job in Philadelphia, with excellent technology and serious attitude, gradually he was boss, he also does not necessarily make some money, but to be honest, studious person, to discuss with each other articles, poetry, philosophy of life.Later, after Franklin also went to Britain, originally thought can be funded in the UK, he realized his own business ideas, but progress is not smooth, he had to stay in the UK. The British printing workers are mostly alcoholic, because they think that drinking can increase strength, but Franklin is different, he thought control diet can make the mind clear, quick thinking, improve the efficiency, so he did not drink, is a vegetarian, so the factory Brits are mocking him as "water American". Although the drink do not drink, Franklin is very hard, typesetting is also the fastest, so always be designated for some urgent, so his salary is particularly high.A businessman with high moral standardsIn 1726, Franklin returned to America in Philadelphia, with their hard work and talent, he not only has a good printing technology, but also produce copper, type, and his cultural level has been out of the ordinary printing workers, he can read, write, do have their own views and thinking, more important is he formed its own set of moral ethics.God has brought opportunities for those who are ready for Franklin, and others from the joint venture printing shop, stationery shop, to their wholly owned business from the general public documents, printing, votes, has been extended to printing money, own a newspaper... Every day, often busy until 11 at night. The hard-working, industrious and frugal, Franklin quickly settled business loans, but he never set foot in useless entertainment, never fishing, hunting, always reading in his spare time, he loves his work, often personally delivery, and adherence to credit, promise others, never owed;slowly, more and more people know Franklin, know that he is an honest, trustworthy, with high moral standards. The cultural businessman, all people are willing to make friends with such a person or business.Devote oneself to public affairsMany people support, Franklin has been back. He initially established the "secret agency", members of the moral, political, natural philosophy and other issues to discuss with each other, not to discuss the way of writing, argue to win attitude, but to explore the spirit of truth. The proper functioning, and later derived other secret societies sub associations, secret societies lasted 40 years, became the Pennsylvania, many political and social issues of the wind ball.The secret society members to discuss issues, often need to reference books evidence, Franklin suggested that the individual books together, and later founded the library, derived for the public nature of the project, the establishment of a public library, the library is a subscription library later America originator.Franklin was elected in 1736 the State Council Secretary, formally entered the political arena, the Franklin shift the focus of the work to the public affairs organization: the fire brigade, the establishment of fire insurance company, donated the orphanage, the establishment of Pennsylvania United defense, founded the University of Pennsylvania, helping to run the hospital, and served as Postmaster General of America in1753, Prime Minister America postal work, these achievements of the American education, culture, military, social influence.In 1754, representatives of the colonies in North America adopted the coalition plan drafted by Franklin during the meeting. In the meeting, he put forward the slogan "disunity leads to extinction", calling for the unity of the colonial people and the struggle for freedomIn 1775, Franklin was elected as the representative of the Second Continental Congress, and participated in drafting and modifying the declaration of independenceIn 1776, plenipotentiary appointed the United States to Paris, completed a series of diplomatic missions, and successfully promoted the alliance between the United States and FranceIn 1785, Franklin served as governor of Pennsylvania, and was reelected for three times due to the trust and love of the people throughout the stateIn 1787, the United States took part in the Constitutional Convention and worked hard to abolish slaveryAchievement in science Philadelphia experimentFranklin began his electrical study after reading the Leiden battery in 1746, according to his opinion,He believes that the nature of electricity and lightningfriction is the same, it is for long-term observation, comparison and analysis of lightning, and found that they have many things in common: including light, light color zigzag shape can be made of metal, conductive, a popping sound. The bold Franklin, planned to an amazing experiment..........In July 1752, Franklin and his son William, in an opening of the woodshed, connected with lightning experiment. First he made of silk kite, the top of the metal wire tied a thin, with a long rope with a kite. The other end of the rope tied for peripheral insulated ribbon, because people hide in the woodshed, ribbon keep dry, the other end of the ribbon and ribbon kite in hand. At the junction, hang a bunch of keys as a circuit breaker to prevent electric shock. When lightning hits the kite, to see their son fiber rope up, Franklin could not help but reach out and touch keys between finger and sudden spark left side, linen, Franklin excitedly told his son: "this is electricity!!"Later, Franklin in a paper "on the same electrical and lightning", sent to the Royal Society, when scientists at first by the cold, soon the French scientist, this experiment was successfully repeated in Paris after the attention, even by the king Louis Jugo please go on the spot shows, European science began to recognize the work of Franklin he accepted, and became a fellow of the Royal Society, and awarded Kepuli gold medal. Because of this Franklin, many scientists began to study the "electric", opened the era of electric indirect research. It is worth mentioning that many scientists in the redo this experiment, all the accident death, Franklin was not dead that can be said to be very lucky.Other inventionsIn addition to electricity, Franklin also published on the optical, thermal, kinetic works on botany, mathematics, chemistry also contributed, even more strange is that he is on the Gulf stream to do research in different locations, measuring the depth of the Gulf stream temperature, flow rate and analysis of its impact on the climate.His scientific invention is also quite impressive: the lightning rod is one of them (such as the left picture below)Another important invention is the "Franklin stove", which enhances the efficiency of burning stoves and saves a lot of firewood, which brings great convenience to the people in North AmericaBecause Franklin had eyes presbyopia, to look nearly far very convenient, put 2 glasses cut in half and set in the same frame, this is what we now call "TV ads glasses" Fool (right).Franklin's brother, John, was suffering from kidney stones, and Franklin invented the first "urine catheter" to help his brother and benefit the later generationsIn the office of the postmaster general, he invented the first odometer (for example, the right), in order to understand the route and distance, so as to calculate postageWho believes that all this is from a person who has only readbooks for a few years?Franklin's view of moralityIt can be said that Franklin is a liberal and Democrat, although in eighteenth Century the religious thought is still prevalent, but he was in the Bible doctrine, not completely believe; he believed that the relationship between people, the most important thing is true, sincere, honest. In the Bible said, sometimes should be as specific the circumstances, rather than blindly. He ordered the 13 virtues directory, and used gradually, a gradual practice, life practice constantly. The small jar and put them in order from the teacher down, students can look at the reference:Temperance eat not satiety, drink not excessDon't talk nonsense, avoid trifling gossipIn order to object this thing all the time.Decisive - not easy to mend. Make a prompt decision.Constant force difficult to materialize the thrifty, cherish a inch of thread.Diligence treasures the hours, saves no effortSincere - thinking, whe.Integrity - not hurtful, unselfish.The obstacle - magnanimous, go to extremes.Neat - body clothes, often cleanTranquility - not for joy, for sorrowChastity - guard treasure fame.Do not be modest - arrogant, modest to others.Is it really a genius?In April 17, 1790, Franklin died of fasciitis died. See the story of Franklin, you think he really is a genius in fact every hardworking and successful people, often unconsciously called genius. This is known as "the saint" said: "the empty bag is. It is difficult to stand up", this sentence verification uninterrupted in his life. He said to "do you love life then don't waste your life, because time is composed of material life.。
Unit 1 The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
Unit 1 The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinThe Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinCharacters in the Autobiography：①Benjamin Franklin---The author and protagonist of the Autobiography;The Autobiography tells of the major events of his life and many of his important scientific and political ideas, but the work does not discuss the American Revolution, in which Franklin was a major participant.②William Franklin---Benjamin's son and royal governor of New Jersey in 1771 when Ben begins writing the work. Ben begins the Autobiography as a letter to William with the intent of telling him about his life.③James Franklin---Franklin older brother who owns a printing house in Boston. Ben is apprenticed to James when Ben is 12, and while they do not always get along very well, Ben learns much from James and proves to be quite helpful. When James is arrested for holding subversive (颠覆性的）political ideas, Ben takes over the paper until James' release. When Ben breaks his contract and leaves for Philadelphia, James grows angry and spiteful.④Andrew Bradford A printer in Philadelphia, he is unable to hire Franklin but he does allow Franklin to stay in his ter on, when Franklin runs his own paper, the two are competitors until Bradford leaves the printing industry.⑤Samuel Keimer---The printer in Philadelphia for whom Franklin works. Their relationship deteriorates over time, and eventually they have a falling out. Keimer, however, tries to make amends when he realizes that Ben can supply him with important printing tools.⑥John Read---A resident of Philadelphia, he houses Franklin shortly after Franklin arrives in Philadelphia.⑦Deborah Rea---The daughter of John Read, she eventually marries Franklin even though their courtship is interrupted by his 18-month trip to England, during which time she marries another man who disappears thus allowing her marriage to Franklin.“Firsts" associated with the Autobiography1.It is considered the first popular self-help book ever published.2. It was the first and only work written in American before the 19th century that has retained bestseller popularity since its release.3. It was the first major secular American autobiography.4. It is also the first real account of the American Dream in action as told from a man who experienced it firsthand.Part One, first sectionThe Autobiography opens with a salutation（问候、致意）to Ben Franklin’s son, William Franklin who at the time was the royal governor of New Jersey. Franklin is writing in the summer of 1771 on vacation in a small town about 50 miles south of London. Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. Franklin says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it, although he would like to correct some small errors if the opportunity arose. But since Franklin cannot repeat life, he can instead recollect it. He thanks God for allowing him to live a good life.Ben, at the age of 12, signed a contract to work for James for the next eight years.CommentaryThe opening part of the Autobiography addresses some themes that will come up later on in the book, namely, self-betterment and religion. Franklin‘s tone at the beginning of the book is humble.He claims to write only so that his own life may be an example for his son of how one can live well and how one can get through hardships. Franklin's book, a story of self-betterment, is written so as to be a model for the betterment of others. This general motive for writing, as well as Franklin's mention of correcting some errors were he to relive his life, both indicate Franklin's constant interest in self-improvement. This is perhaps the largest theme in the Autobiography; it dominates Part Two and recurs often in Part One.Also notice that Franklin thanks God for helping him to lead a good life. Franklin does not often show a religious side, and he will explain in greater depth later on that he is a Deist（自然神论信仰者）without ascribing to any particular religious denomination（教派）. Franklin is often seen as the prototypical American and the first real example of the classic American Dream in action. Notice how Franklin carefully draws out throughout the book how he rose up with help primarily from hard work and skills. This part of the Autobiography is interesting from a literary standpoint because Ben Franklin is essentially creating the legend of the American Dream.Part One, second sectionWhen James was jailed for political reasons, Ben had the chance to take over the paper briefly, a job which Ben held in name even after James was released under the stipulation（约定）that he could no longer work on the paper.After another fight with James, however, Ben suddenly broke his contract and quit his job. James immediately instructed the other printers in Boston not to hire his brother, and as a result, Ben realizes that he would have to travel to a different city if he wished to find work. At age 17, he secretly leaves home and traveled to New York City.He finds no work there , but learns that he could get a job in Philadelphia working for a printer named Andrew Bradford.His journey to Philadelphia is eventful as he gets caught in a storm, during which he saved the life of a drunken Dutchman, who nearly drowned. The boat dropped him off near Burlington, about 18 miles from Philadelphia. He finally arrived in the city on October 6, 1723 in the Market Street Wharf.Wandering around, Franklin stumbled into a Quaker meeting（贵格会教派的祈祷会）near the market. One of these Quakers showed him a place to stay the night. CommentaryFranklin mentions in this section one of his "first errata," when he quits his job with his brother. Franklin mentions them for one reason so as to show others how to live their lives. He also points them out as a means of showing humility. He wants to make it clear that he has never acted perfectly in all situations, and he wishes to indicate that he recognizes the mistakes he has made during his life.Questions1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.3.How did he arrive in Philadephia?First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towardsPhiladelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf.4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection?It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).Study Question1.How would you describe Franklin writing style?A good answer would comment on Franklin's use of humor and his attempts to poke fun at himself so as to not seem arrogant. Moreover, Franklin's style is terse and witty; he usually makes his points using as few words as possible, which in part leads to his tendency to create aphorisms. Franklin's style is predominantly didactic as the Autobiography is intended to be read partly as a self- help manual. Franklin contributed to the development of journalism as type of writing that presents the facts in the order of most important to least important, using as few words as are necessary.2.What does the Autobiography tell us about the 18th century?There are many answers to this question, some of which are mentioned here. First, Franklin shows from a sociological standpoint the possibilities for economic mobility in colonial America. After all, Franklin himself arrived in Philadelphia at 17 years old without a penny to his name, and from those beginnings he worked his way up to being a successful printer, a talented inventor and a Founding Father of America. Second, Franklin's idealism and faith in the betterment of mankind, as well as his Deism and utilitarianism, places him intellectually in the Age of Reason, a time when people often believed optimistically that the world and man could be perfected through science. Religion was also questioned during this age, and that questioning manifests itself in Franklin's philosophy. Franklin's creation of the Junto is a testament to his interest in the importance of debate, another 18th century intellectual ideal. Third, Franklin shows us how people went about their day to day lives in the 1700s. While this isn't a major thrust of the book, we learn about the way apprenticeships worked and how the government operated in the colonies, among a variety of other glimpses into 18th century life.3.What is the purpose of the Autobiography, and how does that purpose change throughout the work?The Autobiography never has one clearly defined audience. Its opening is addressed to William Franklin, Benjamin's son. After approximately eight pages, however, the work becomes a more general account of Franklin's early memories and experiences. In Part Two, the work begins to address an audience specifically interested in self-improvement. Part Two has a particularly didactic tone because it is designed to educate using Franklin himself as a model. Part Three changes tone once again, detailing the events of Franklin's life not so much as highlighting all his major accomplishments so as to enshrine him. The later pages of Part Three seem to be devoted particularly to Franklin's contemporaries who are interested in the details of American history before the Revolution. Franklin's tone reflects the purpose of accounting for the major events of history as Franklin witnessed them and took part in them.AutobiographyA story that a person writes about his or her own life is called an autobiography. Autobiographies are written in first-person point of view, and biographies in third-person point of view.Autobiography—— the greatest autobiography produced in Colonial AmericaThe work portrays a fascinating picture of life in Philadelphia, Franklin wrote the first five chapters of his autobiography in England in 1771, resumed again thirteen years later (1784-85) in Paris and later in 1788 when he returned to the United States. Franklin ends the account of his life in 1757 when he was 51 years old.It is regarded as one of the most important works of American literature produced during the 18th century. It is a record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity, an account of the colorful career of America's first self-made man.It is perhaps the first real post-revolutionary American writing as well as the first real autobiography in English. First of all, it is a puritan document. The most famous section describes his scientific scheme of self-examination and self-improvement.The style: it is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的). an exemplary illustration of the American style of writing.Autobiography“To help myself live without fau lt, I made a list of what I considered the 13 virtues. These virtues are: 1. Temperance 2. Self-control 3. Silence 4. Order 5. Firmness 6. Savings 7.Industry 8.Honesty 9. Justice 10. Cleanliness 11. Calmness 12. Morality 13. Humbleness” 节制饮食，自我克制，沉默寡言，有条不紊，坚定信念，勤俭节约，工作勤奋，忠诚老实，办事公正，衣履整洁，平心静气，品行高尚，谦虚恭顺。
autobiography of Benjamin Franklin(PPT)
2011131141 金通闯
Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)
• one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
• The First American
• the first United States Ambassador to France
The style of the autobiography
• Simple • Clear in order • Direct and concise
Significance
• It presents a prototype原型 of American success which inspired generations of Americans.
autobiography of benjamin franklin(ppt) -------benjaminfranklin2011131141 benjaminfranklin(1706-1790) oneofthefoundingfathersoftheunited states thefirstunitedstatesambassador tofrance leadingauthor,printer,scientist, musician... theautobiography《自传》theautobiography(1771-1790) firstrealaccountoftheamericandreampartone partfourportrays franklin youngman philadelphia.excerpt ii.thearrivalinphiladelphia tohisson whatwasthemainreasonwhy benjaminfranklinwrotethis autobiography? tohisson theymayalsodeemthemfittobe imitated,shouldanyofthemfind themselvesinsimilar circumstances.(p3l9) thissentenceshowsoneofhismotivationstowritetheautobiography. p3inthelinejustbeyondthepicture andnowispeakofthankinggod…gave themsuccess. inthispart,benjaminfranklinmainlyintroducedhisreasontowritethe autobiography,andhewantedtoshare hisexperienceofsuccesswithhis youngergenerations,evenwiththe wholeamerican. thearrivalinphiladelphia whatmadefranklindecidetoleave thebrother? hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.andafterabrush witht
读《The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin》有感
读《The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin》有感在这个寒假里，我读了富兰克林自传的英文版本，虽然还差一点才看完，但是已经有所感悟。
在我上中学的时候，只知道富兰克林是一位杰出的科学家，读了这部自传后才知道，原来他在哲学、政治、外交等方面都很有建树。
美国著名的文献《独立宣言》就是他起草的。
同时，他赞成废除奴隶制，为社会的进步与发展做出了很大的贡献。
富兰克林一生的成功不是一个偶然。
他为自己制定了一系列的计划，来规范自己的行为，提高自己的道德修养。
这些行为准则共有十三条，常被人们称作“13-point plan for honest living（十三条成功计划）”。
这十三条中，包括了“节制”、“沉默寡言”、“决断”、“简朴”等就不一一列举了。
这十三条，几乎囊括了生活的各个方面，大到“中庸”的生活态度，小到“清洁”的生活习惯，有深度又很详细。
这就是为什么这十三条众人皆知的原因。
一个计划成功，不在于制定的质量好坏，而在于执行的程度如何。
富兰克林不仅制定出了这一系列的计划，而且用一生的时间完美的执行这些计划，这才是他真正令人佩服的地方。
可见，富兰克林的成功，和他自己坚韧的毅力是分不开的。
我高中的时候，也给自己制定过一系列“宏大”计划，可最后都不了了之了。
要是有富兰克林那样的毅力，每项计划都一一实行，说不定〃〃〃〃〃〃要是所以，学习富兰克林的毅力是必要的。
读完这本书后，顿时觉得我们现在的生活是多么美好。
富兰克林小时候曾辍学回家；为了买书，而不吃肉食；为了生计，而独自出国谋生〃〃〃〃〃〃这些都是我们不曾经历过的。
正因为这样，我们更应该从各个方面严格要求自己，向着我们自己的目标进发。
这部自传的文字朴实而又不缺乏激情，简单而又不缺乏深度。
富兰克林的一生都在不停的完善自己，以追求完美。
整部自传里都描述了他不断追求完美的过程。
他的这种不断自我总结、不断自我反省、不断自我完善的精神非常值得我们学习。
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T h e A u t o b i o g r a p h y
f r o m B e n j a m i n
F r a n k l i n内容赏析本杰明富兰克林自传赏析
-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
Course: American Literature
Instructor: Ma Rui
Student Name: Liu Zirui from Mingde college of NWPU
Class Number: 082487
Date: , 2011
The Autobiography from Benjamin Franklin
The Autobiography was written by the great American writer Benjamin Franklin who was one of the American founders and the leader of the American independence movement, as well as the drafter of Declaration of independence. He was a politician, a scientist, a diplomat, a publisher, a writer and a social industrialist. He was praised as the second Prometheus who stole the fire from heaven to show his intelligent and contributions. He was the father of the modern civilization and a symbol of America.
This autobiography was written by Benjamin when he was in his old age according to his experiences which has a great influence to the world. In his autobiography, he wrote thirteen virtues: temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity and humility which admonished people to try to be the best of yourself. By temperance he told us not to eat too dull and not to drink too much to be clear in mind. By silence he advised us not to say something that is meaningless but could benefit others or yourself. And by order he taught us that we need to take all our things in order so that we could have a tiny place to study, work and live. Resolution showed us what we decide to do need to be done with our consistency. He informed us to have a more comfortable life if we don’t waste our money in those empty and meaningful things by frugality. What’s more, industry showed us not to waste our time. Do something that is significant or good for you. Sincerity told us to be a loyal and honest people who could be trusted by others. And speak with accordingly. Justices informed us not to do things are negative to others and it’s our own duty to do things that are benefit to people. Moderation taught us not to do extreme things. Try to tolerate the injuries from others. And by cleanliness, he taught us to be a tidy person. In addition, he informed us to clam down when we come across some troubles. By chastity, he advised us to do things that could benefit or protect yourself, your family and friends’ reputation. Lastly, try to be humility as much as you can and imitate the great people like Socrates and Jesus.
Mostly, his writing is ironic, satire and meaningful. In his autobiography, he used plain but humorous words to tell his life experience and his reflections. He opened up a new autobiography writing style which was very frequently imitated by the latter.
I learned a lot from his autobiography not only from his intelligent but also his modesty. The way he treated people and the attitude he had when doing things that he made mind to do taught me to try my best to be the best of myself.
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