2020中考英语语法专题训练：构词法
中考英语语法专题 构词法
dishonest，dislike, disagree, disappear；
表示否定
non-
impossible, impolite; incorrect; non-smoking
第2部分 语法突破
前缀 misinterrepre-
意义 表示“错的” 表示“互相， 在……之间” 表示“再，重新”
China classmate however end live possible use return they late You are going to high school, aren’t you? Several years ago, 1．__C_h_i_n_e_se___ high school students would show their new schoolbags, new clothes or new pens to their 2．___c_la_s_s_m_a_t_es___ when the new term started. Today, 3．_h_o_w__e_v_er___， all have changed.
第2部分 语法突破
返回目录
2．派生法：在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这 种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀
叫后缀。
(1)前缀
前缀
意义
例词
un-， dis-， “不，非”， unfriendly, unpleasant, uncomfortable;
im-， in-，
表示 “在……之前”
例词 misunderstand, mislead interview, international, Internet rewrite, return, review
2020年中考英语语法专题训练：构词法(精选2019年各地真题)
语法专题训练构词法用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.All the girls were breathing (heavy) after the 800-metre race.2.It's (polite) of you to shout at others in public.You must have good manners.3.—Are there any (different) between the two sentences?—Sorry, I don't know.4.The more (careful) you work, the more mistakes you will make.5.After class, children should go out of their classroom to enjoy the (warm) of the sun.6.In China, most of the (north) people like to eat dumplings.7.I like reading and writing, and I want to be a (write) when I grow up.8.At the class meeting, our teacher gave us quite a few (suggest) on how to get on well with each other.9.Mr Dean was (thank) to the policeman who had helped his kids arrive safely.10.A person who doesn't like fishing usually looks (patient) in doing his work.11.He's very excited about the (possible) of playing for England's first team.12.All their efforts seemed (help), so they decided to give it up.13.Don't use the lift when you escape from a high (build) during a fire.14.I (agree) that mums do all the housework. Everyone should share.15.(luck), this man lost his wife and two children in the earthquake.16.We are sad about the (pollute) of our environment.17.Qi Baishi was one of the most famous (art) in China.18.What a pity! Sue lost the game because the (weigh) of her shoes made it difficult for her to run fast.19.Would you mind giving me some (advise) on how to plant trees?20.Mobike is considered to be a new (invent) in China.21.If you don't have a deep love for something, don't be (satisfy) until you find one.22.Every year many foreign (tour) come to visit the Great Wall of China.23.Which is more (value) to you, health or wealth?24.For your own (safe), please do not walk about on the plane.25.More and more people have realized the (important) of China-Russia Heihe Bridge.26.As we know, HUAWEI technology has been developing (rapid).27.After the earthquake, plenty of food and clothes were provided for the (home) people.28.—Uncle John seems to be more (cheer)today.—Yeah. He's got his favourite stamp.29.The (able) won't feel that lonely if everyone can do something to help them.30.China has made great (achieve) since it opened its doors to the outside world.31.I think I can work out the problem without (difficult).32.It is still (know) whether all the students in our class have passed the exam.33.Mark was the (win) of the competition.34.The passage is about the (introduce) to this new kind of machine.35.It's cool and (sun) in autumn in our hometown.36.We can't walk (cross) the street when the traffic light is red.37.Smiles on the (swim) faces showed how they enjoyed the race.38.The UK is an old (Europe) country, where there are many palaces and castles.39.If humans do nothing, the small island will (appear) soon.40.The film is directed by Samuel, one of the new (direct).【参考答案】1.heavily2.impolite3.differences4.carelessly5.warmth6.northern7.writer8.suggestions9.thankful10.impatient11.possibility12.helpless13.building14.disagree15.Unluckily16.pollution17.artists18.weight19.advice20.invention21.satisfied22.tourists23.valuable24.safety25.importance26.rapidly27.homeless28.cheerful29.disabled30.achievements31.difficulty32.unknown33.winner 34.introduction35.sunny36.across 37.swimmers'38.European39.disappear 40.directors。
中考初中英语常用构词法归纳.docx
中考初中英语常用构词法归纳词汇的分类和构词法一、复习要点阐述我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。
每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。
单词是语言构成的最基础内容，教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。
”这句话说明了一件事，就是词汇量的重要性。
就像我们自己的国语中文，一个孩子从小到大，在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇，所以运用起来很自如。
如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法，了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。
所以在今天的专题中，我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法，使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解，并能正确的使用词汇。
二、要点复习的策略及技巧（一）英语的词类英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。
根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。
实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。
这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。
虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。
这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。
下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。
分英语名称词类句子成分例词类全称简称主语、宾语、定语、表Lily 莉莉（女孩名），childhood名词noun n.童年， hair 头发， visitor 访问语、同位语、补足语者， beauty 漂亮I 我， we 我们， their 他（她、代词pronoun pron.主语、宾语、定语、表它）们的， none 没有一个，语、同位语which 哪一个， who 谁，实词whatever 无论什么数词numeral num.主语、宾语、定语、表one 一个， ninth 第九， 60%百语、同位语、补足语分之六十a.或表语、定语、状语、补clever 聪明的， pretty 漂亮的，形容词adjective popular 流行的， interesting 有adj .足语趣的ad.或curiously 好奇地， bravely 勇敢adverb地，straight 径直地， hard 努力副表、状、足adv.地verb v.decide 决定，like 喜，borrow 借， change 改冠article art .a, an不定冠， the 定冠介preposition prep.in 在⋯⋯里， before 在⋯⋯前面，beyond 超、在⋯⋯外面虚and 同、和、与， when 当⋯⋯conjunction conj .候， until 直到⋯⋯止， if如果， once 一旦感interjection int .oh 啊、噢， ah 啊， aha 啊哈，alas 啊呀， hurrah 好哇从上面的表格中我要地解了英十大的基本用法。
中考中考英语--构词法汇总及练习.-学生版doc
中考中考英语--构词法汇总及练习.-学生版doc中考英语构词法汇总及练习一.概念英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.二.相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。
例如：①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。
例如：①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
例如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如：Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。
【中考英语 高频考点精选】01 构词法(原卷及答案)
01 构词法小贴士：对于学英语来说，词汇无疑是第一关。
面对教材中大量的英语词汇和做题时题目中出现的新词汇，我们常常显得无所适从，苦于记忆单词效率低，遗忘速度快。
而构词法．．．，则是开启英语词汇大门的钥匙．．。
．．。
构词法的学习，更重要的在于运用英语的构词法主要有：转化法，合成法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法等，我们重点掌握三种构词法：合成法、转化法与派生法。
【典例1】The whole area has been affected by snow storms in America．（bad）．参考译文：在美国，整个地区受到了暴雪的严重影响．答案详解：提示词bad是形容词，意为"严重的"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"在美国，整个地区受到了暴雪的严重影响．"，设空处的单词修饰动词affected且意思是"严重地"，所以应填bad的副词形式badly，所以答案为：badly．【典例2】The mountain climbers in finding the way and got to the top finally．（successful）参考译文：登山者成功地找到了路并最终到达了山顶．答案详解：提示词successful是形容词，意为"成功的"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"登山者成功地找到了路并最终到达了山顶．"，由于设空处单词在句子中作谓语，且后面的动词got是过去式，所以应填动词succeed的过去式succeeded，所以答案为：succeeded．【典例3】These software will us to connect computers to the Internet more easily．（ability）参考译文：这些软件使我们能够更轻易地把电脑和网络连起来．答案详解：提示词ability的名词，意为"能力"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"这些软件使我们能够更轻易地把电脑和网络连起来．"，由于设空处单词放在助动词will 后面且后面有宾语us，所以应填动词enable （使能够），enable sb to do sth固定用法，使某人能做某事．所以答案为：enable．【典例4】John felt very thirsty and he drank two of water．（glass）参考译文：约翰感到非常口渴，他喝了两杯水．答案详解：提示词glass是名词，意为"杯子"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"约翰感到非常口渴，他喝了两杯水．"，由于设空处单词放在数词two后面，表示"两杯水"，所以应填复数形式glasses，所以答案为：glasses．【典例5】Mr．Black will make a speech in our school hall at 12：00 tomorrow．（speak）参考译文：布莱克先生将于明天12点在学校大厅举行一次演讲．答案详解：提示词speak是动词，意为"说"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"布莱克先生将于明天12点在学校大厅举行一次演讲．"，由于设空处单词放在make a 后面，构成短语"做演讲"，所以应填speech，所以答案为：speech．一．构词法--1.合成法1．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as snowball？A．daily B．actor C．pancake D．discussion 2．Which of the following words is formed like "homework"？（）A．inventor B．raincoat C．dishonest D．careless3．﹣Let's go on foot．It's ______ walk from here to the cinema．（）A．a twenty minute B．a twenty﹣minuteC．a twenty﹣minutes D．a twenty﹣minute's4．The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in San Francisco．The USA．Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word landmark？（）A．unpleasant B．useless C．summertime D．surprising 5．Dear Peter，you have grown up，and you can decide your future．（you）6．Which of the following words is formed like "handbag"？（）A．meaningful B．snowman C．protection D．impatient 7．Kate is girl．She's very happy at school．（）A．a eighteen﹣year﹣oldB．an eighteen﹣year﹣oldC．an eighteen﹣years﹣oldD．a eighteen﹣years﹣old8．After the final exams，I will have a ___________ vacation in Hainan．（）A．5 day B．5﹣day C．5 days D．5﹣days9．The Century Park is far from here，indeed it's about ______ walk．（）A．two hours B．a two hour'sC．a two﹣hours D．a two﹣hour10．We'll be away for two weeks because we'll have a ．（）A．two﹣weeks holiday B．two﹣weeks'holidaysC．two﹣week holiday D．two﹣week's holiday二．构词法-2.派生法（共29小题）11．The boys like playing basketball because they think they can be （relax ）12．Rich or poor，young or old，we all have problems．And unless we deal with them，we can （easy）become unhappy．13．The student missed the tour around Donggao Park．（enjoy）14．（luck），John got back the notebook that he had lost at the cafe．15．Linda is a top student，she is hard﹣working．（real）16．It is important for us to protect nature（wise）．17．Larry has put on too much weight because of his diet．（healthy）18．Mother was very angry because I wrote（care）．19．They couldn't believe their ears when they got the（expected）result．20．Nowadays，Wechat is（wide）used among young people．21．Granny is seventy years old now and she is a little（forget）．22．The Eiffel Tower，a cultural icon of France，was completed at the end of the（nineteen）century．23．He is one of the great（science ）in the world．24．The great held a big painting exhibition in Shanghai last August．（art）25．It's（terrible）cold today．You should put on more clothes．26．Tom is such a boy that he always tells a lie when he makes a mistake （honest）27．When it's raining outside，the streets usually become much busier．（heavy）28．People around are happy to make friends with Mike because of his．（honest）29．We watch the．（raise）of the national flag in the playground every Monday morning．30．The fruit and vegetables are good for the health（develop）of children．31．I haven't received any letters from my pen friend in England（recent）32．It was of you to tell a lie about your age in the interview．（honest）33．My sister is on the left and I‘m the one on the right．（ten）34．The story is told in pictures instead of with words．（main）35．You need to press the button to turn off the radio．（five）36．We found that army life had changed the young man．（complete）37．It may not take a long time to find a to the problem．（solve）38．Sandy enjoys reading books and she believes it can her whole life．（rich）39．Which of the following suffixes is used to form an adjective？（）A．﹣less B．﹣ness C．﹣tion D．﹣ment三．构词法--3.转化法（共31小题）40．﹣I don't want to take the plane there．I'm afraid of flying．﹣In fact，the plane is（safe）among different forms of transport．41．Our English teacher often asks us to have a（discuss）in groups of four．42．If you want to eat more（health），you should eat less meat and more vegetables．43．While the girl（shop），the alien got out．44．He hasn't told the（true）．He is lying．45．Look，the baby is（wake）．He is looking at us with a smile．46．She looked（angry）at first but later she happily talked with others．47．Madame Curie will always be remembered for her（discover）of radium．48．The environment is more and more polluted．How I wish the heavy haze （雾霾）could （appear）in our city．49．We finally came to an（agree）﹣I would cook and Ann would clean．50．Those（thief）car was seen parking behind the bank．51．Everyone likes Millie in our class because she talks to others（polite）．52．Don't look here and there while（iron）the clothes．It's dangerous．53．Always remember that no one can without working hard．（success）54．Last summer I went for a budget trip with my father to．It was great fun．（German）：55．The room was filled with smoke，and it was becoming difficult to．（breath）56．We often ask（us）how we can do more for our country．57．World Environment Day is on the（five）of June．58．I wonder how much a panda usually（weight）when it is born．59．Tom's parents are with him because he is working very hard．（please）60．The doctor was too tired after he on the patient for a long time．（operation ）61．The article tells us that sometimes money doesn't bring to us．（happy）62．Mum has bought a lot of food from the supermarket nearby．（freeze）63．Several workers were injured in the accident．（serious）64．We should try in every way not to let those factories me environment．（pollution）65．The whole area has been affected by snow storms in America．（bad）．01 构词法小贴士：对于学英语来说，词汇无疑是第一关。
山东淄博专版2020届中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题09构词法试题及解析
语法专题训练(九) 构词法(限时:30分钟)根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.All the girls were breathing (heavy) after the 800-metre race.2.Don't pour the (pollute) water everywhere, or you'll be punished.3.It's (polite) of you to shout at others in public.You must have good manners.4.—Are there any (different) between the two sentences?—Sorry, I don't know.5.The more (careful) you work, the more mistakes you will make.6.The kids seem very (satisfy) with themselves.7.After class, children should go out of their classroom to enjoy the (warm) of the sun.8.In China, most of the (north) people like to eat dumplings.9.I like reading and writing, and I want to be a (write) when I grow up.10.My father is very (humour) and often makes us laugh.11.At the class meeting, our teacher gave us quite a few (suggest) on how to get on well with each other.12.Mr Dean was (thank) to the policeman who had helped his kids arrive safely.13.Mary and Tony are a pair of pet pigs. The two have recently got a special license so that their (own) can take them for a walk.14.My mother is (care) and sometimes she leaves the house with the door open.15.A person who doesn't like fishing usually looks (patient) in doing his work.16.He's very excited about the (possible) of playing for England's first team.17.With the money we have (success) sent many poor children to school.18.We have made a (decide) to climb the mountain tomorrow.19.China is now working (close) with many foreign countries to practise “the Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)”.20.Don't take the magazines away. They are for that (science).21.All their efforts seemed (help), so they decided to give it up.22.The (nation) Day of China has become a 7-day holiday for people to travel and relax.23.Don't use the lift when you escape from a high (build) during a fire.24.Tom likes China because Chinese people are (friend).25.Henry is a(n) (honest) boy, so all of his friends hate to play with him.26. (luck), this man lost his wife and two children in the earthquake.27.We are sad about the (pollute) of our environment.28.Nick's mother worries about his (healthy) lifestyle, though he is a college student.29.Qi Baishi was one of the most famous (art) in China.30.To complete the work, he drank some coffee to keep himself (wake).31.All the people in the world wish to enjoy a beautiful and (peace) life.32.We are still (sure) now if my friend will visit me.33.Once a week my business suit is (smooth) ironed.34.Wild animals which are now in danger need our (protect).35.What a pity! Sue lost the game because the (weigh) of her shoes made it difficult for her to run fast.36.Would you mind giving me some (advise) on how to plant trees?37.It is (polite) to keep others waiting in many Western countries.38.Ben was very (luck) to have a “dog helper”.39.Mobike is considered to be a new (invent) in China.40.The mother said goodbye with a smile, but her eyes couldn't hide her (sad).41.If you don't have a deep love for something, don't be (satisfy) until you find one.42.I felt (relax) lying in the sun on the beach.43.Have you ever cut your finger on the edge of a book page? The small cut on your finger is so (pain).44.There are about 6,000 languages that are spoken around the world, but 43% of them are dying out. If no (act) is taken, some of these languages will disappear.45.Our team lost the game because we played very (bad).46.Greenhouse gases are (harm) to the environment.47.Every year many foreign (tour) come to visit the Great Wall of China.48.Which is more (value) to you, health or wealth?49.For your own (safe), please do not walk about on the plane.50.One needs three things to be (true) happy in life: something to do, someone to love andsomething to expect.51.It's (danger) to play with fire.52.More and more people have realized the (important) of China-Russia Heihe Bridge.53.Many foreigners, including (Australia), are visiting Expo 2019, Beijing(北京世园会).54.As we know, HUAWEI technology has been developing (rapid).55.—Uncle John seems to be more (cheer)today.—Yeah. He's got his favourite stamp.56.China has made great (achieve) since it opened its doors to the outside world.57.Nanjing is developing so (quick) that more and more graduates choose to work here.58.I think I can work out the problem without (difficult).59.It is still (know) whether all the students in our class have passed the exam.60.Mark was the (win) of the competition.61.The new flyovers(立交桥) close to our school will be in (serve) next year.62.In the modern world, we should pay more attention to food. We should try to enjoy a better and (health) diet.63.The passage is about the (introduce) to this new kind of machine.64.The cups are (special) designed for the disabled.65.What can we do (improve) our living conditions?66.It's cool and (sun) in autumn in our hometown.67.David fell (sleep) in class because he stayed up too late last night.68.We can't walk (cross) the street when the traffic light is red.69.Smiles on the (swim) faces showed how they enjoyed the race.70.The UK is an old (Europe) country, where there are many palaces and castles.71.Andy is a(n) (active) boy. He seldom takes part in activities.72.If humans do nothing, the small island will (appear) soon.73.The film is directed by Samuel, one of the new (direct).74.I often (mistake) Lily for her twin sister Lucy.75.ORBIS is one the (internation) charities.【参考答案】1.heavily2.polluted3.impolite4.differences5.carelessly6.satisfied7.warmth 8.northern 9.writer10.humorous 11.suggestions 12.thankful13.owner(s) 14.careless 15.impatient16.possibility 17.successfully 18.decision19.closely 20.scientist 21.helpless22.National 23.building 24.friendly25.dishonest 26.Unluckily27.pollution 28.unhealthy29.artists 30.awake 31.peaceful32.unsure 33.smoothly 34.protection35.weight 36.advice 37.impolite38.lucky 39.invention 40.sadness41.satisfied 42.relaxed 43.painful44.action 45.badly 46.harmful47.tourists 48.valuable 49.safety50.truly 51.dangerous 52.importance53.Australians 54.rapidly 55.disabled56.achievements 57.quickly 58.difficulty59.unknown 60.winner 61.service62.healthy 63.introduction 64.specially65.to improve 66.sunny 67.asleep68.across 69.swimmers' 70.European71.inactive 72.disappear 73.directors74.mistake 75.international赠送：初中英语代词Ⅰ.词汇运用。
2020广东中考英语二轮语法夺分(课件)专题十五 构词法(共13张PPT)
Internet? —No, I _d__is_a_g_r_e_e(agree) with this.The Internet can help learn more about the
即学即练
( B )1.It is said that wearing red can help you make a ________．
1．It's noisy outside.I can't hear you __c_le_a_r_l_y_(clear)． 2．All the people in the world wish to enjoy a beautiful and _p_e_a_c_e_fu__l (peace) life. 3．Our manager greeted the guests _p_o_l_it_e_ly__(polite) with a smile at the entrance. 4．When they felt __h_e_lp__le_s_s(help) after the flood，the charity offered them food and clothes. 5．Wild animals which are now in danger need our p_r_o_t_e_c_ti_o_n(protect)． 6．At theb_e_g_i_n_n_in__g(begin) of the concert，Tan Dun played a piece of music with water. 7．It seemsi_m_p_o_s_s_ib__le(possible) for the Spring Festival Gala to satisfy all 1.3 billion Chinese.
初中英语中考练习构词法名词冠词
e. g. an eighty-three-year-old grandpa
8.以 -s 结尾的专有名词有两种情况
A. 表示国家、报纸等名词看做单数
e. g. the United States
B. 表示群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会等专有名词看做复数，谓语也用复数形式
e. g. The Alps are in Europe.
2.没有主题名词的，则在词尾加 -s
e. g. grown-up — grown-ups
3.以 man 或 woman 开头的复合词，名词都要变为复数形式
e. g. man-doctor — men-doctors
4.其他合成的词，只把最后一个词变为复数
eg. boy friend — boy friends
-tion invention
pronunciation
-ure failure ②形容词后缀
pleasure
-an American African
-en golden wooden
-ese Chinese Japanese
-ful beautiful hopeful useful
-ive active expensive
mis 错误地
mistake misunderstand
re 重新，再次 rebuild ③ 可以改变词性的前缀
retell
a- 加在名词前构成形容词或副词 en- 加在名词或形容词前构成动词
asleep aboard aside encourage enable enrich
2） 后缀： 加后缀一般改变词性 ① 名词后缀
对 She often makes a mistake in her homework. 对 She often makes (some) mistakes in her homework. Pandas are found in Sichuan.熊猫生在四川。
语法专题 专题十三 构 词 法(共30张PPT)
综合演练
-ese China→Chinese 中国人 -ian history→historian 历史学家 -ist tour→tourist 旅行者；观光者 -ant serve→servant 仆人 -ance/-ence appear→appearance 出现；外貌 -ing hear→hearing 听力；听觉 -ure/-ture press→pressure 压力
综合演练
always familiar, to round out my skills and knowledge. Risks come 4 every form, and throughout your career; taking risks could mean 5 (choose) to learn new areas of your business or simply putting your hand up to start new projects. Each one 6 (broaden) your skills and improve your knowledge while getting you 7 (close) to reaching your full potential.
综合演练
Ⅲ. 语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。 Ask my kids to pick one word that describes me? They would likely say
“adventurous” according to what I 1 (do) in the past. I believe in taking risks and growing every day, in life and in business. I take part in outdoor adventures not only to spend time with my family, but also to learn more about myself 2 put in unfamiliar situations and environments. In business, I've always challenged myself by taking on new roles, in areas 3 I wasn't
2020广东省广州市中考英语语法专项复习(课件) 专题六 构词法(共30张PPT)
对点专练
28. danger n.危险→ dangerous adj.危险的→ endangered adj. 濒危的 → endanger v. 使遭遇危险/危及 1
重复”；
retell(复述)
③表示“相反；
3. rebel(反抗)
反对”
类别 构成规则
例子
walk→have a walk, 动词→名词 talk→have a talk,
转
ride→go for a ride
换 法 名词→动词
water(水)→water the flower(浇花)
形容词→动词
erase→erasable
派 生 法
动词+able
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
(可擦掉的), change→changeable
(可变化的)
名词+y
sunny, rainy, snowy, cloudy, windy, foggy
性质
形容词 后缀
类别 构成规则
例子
性质
hopeful, helpful, useful, careful,
动词+tion operation, introduction,
organization
性质 名词后缀
类别 构成规则
例子
性质
动词+ment
movement, development, achievement
派 生
名词+hood
childhood, motherhood, neighborhood
中考英语构词法专项解析和考点精练
中考英语构词法专项解析和考点精练英语中最基本的构词法有三种：派生、合成和转化。
另外，缩写和简写也是构词发的一种。
一、派生法派生法是给一个单词（词根）加上前缀或后缀，构成一个新单词的构词法。
前缀：加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性，只改变词义。
后缀：加在词根后面的的构成部分叫后缀，它一般改变原词的词性，同时也改变词义。
(一) 前缀1. anti- 反对 antiwar 反战的（the Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争）antisocial 反社会的2. bi- 双 bicycle 自行车3. co- 共同 cooperation 合作 coworker 同事4. dis- 否定 discover 发现 disbelief 不相信，怀疑disabled 残疾的，有缺陷的 dislike 不喜欢，厌恶5.en- 使成为 encourage 鼓励 enable 使能够 enrich 使丰富6.fore- 先；前；预 forecast 预报（weather forecast 天气预报）forehead 前额；前部 forearm 前臂、7.for- 禁；弃 forbid 禁止（Forbidden City 紫禁城） forgive 原谅；饶恕forget 忘记8. inter- 互相；间 internet 互谅网 international 国际的 interview 会见9. mid- 中 midday 中午 midnight 半夜 mid-autumn 中秋的10. mis- 误 misunderstand 误会 mistake 错误 misfortune 不辛11. re- 重；复 rewrite 重写 retell 复述 review 复习12. super- 超 supermarket 超级市场 superman 超人13. tele- 远 telephone 电话 television 电视14. un- 不 unable 不能的 unimportant 不重要的unbelievable 不可相信的；令人难以置信的(二) 后缀1. -an 人 African 非洲人 American 美国人 Italian 意大利人2. –er 人 worker 工人 teacher 教师 writer 作家3. –ful 充满 peaceful 和平的 careful 小心的4. -hood 身份 childhood 童年 neighborhood 邻里5. –ian 人 musician 音乐家 Canadian 加拿大人 Indian 印度人6. –ment 运动；结果 development 发展 movement 运动7. -ly 的；品质 friendly 有好的 weekly 每周的8. -ness 性质 kindness 和善 carelessness 粗心 illness 疾病9. –ship 身份；状态 friendship 友谊 hardship 苦难10. -less 无 useless 无用的 careless 不小心的 homeless 无家可归的11. -tion 状态 action 行动 pollution 污染12. -ity (抽象名词) ability 能力 possibility 可能性13. -sion 状态 decision 决定 discussion 讨论14. –ist 家 artist 艺术节 pianist 钢琴家scientist 科学家 dentist 牙科医生二、合成法合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。
2023年初中英语语法学习之英语构词法：派生法
2023年初中英语语法学习之英语构词法：派生法派生法在一个词上附加前缀或后缀构成新词的方法，称作派生法。
前缀附加在单词或词根的前面，一样不改变原词的词类，但要引发词义的变化；后缀附加在单词或词根的后面，一样不改变原词的基本含义，只改变其词类。
使用前缀或后缀可以派生大量新词，但是由于情形复杂，初学者不应随便乱用它们自创新词，应在使用中多查字典，弄清其准确含义及读音。
1．常见的前缀1）dis-表示否定，可附加在名词、动词和形容词前面构成新词，如：名词：disorder动词：disagree形容词：dishonest2）in-, im-, ir- 表示否定，主要附加在外来语形容词及其派生词或副词前面，构成新词，如：inactive adj. （不活动的）incorrect adj. （不正确的）impossible adj. （不可能的）impolite adj. （不礼貌的）3）un-主要附加在大多数形容词及其派生副词或名词的前面，也能够附加在起形容词作用的分词前面，如：（1）un+形容词unable 不能够的 unfair 不公平的unfit 不适宜的unusual 不平常的unhappy 不高兴的 unreal 不真实的（2）un+过去分词unarmed 没有武装的unborn 没诞生的（3）un+现在分词unbelieving 不信的4）re表示“再一次，重新，返回，向后”几乎可以附加在所有的动词及其派生名词或形容词前面，构成新词。
如：rebuild v. (to build again)reopen v. (to open again)5）tele含义是far (远)，多用于与远距离有关的词，如：telephone, television6）kilo含义是thousand（千），如：kilometre7）a-含义是on, in 或at, 可以附加在名词上，构成形容词或副词。
如：ahead, asleep2．常见的后缀1）名词后缀（1）-era. -er附加在动词后面，表示“从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人”，如：farmer driverwriter workerteacher readerb. -er附加在名词后面，表示“与这个名词有某种关系的人”，如：officer prisonerc. -er附加在表示地点的名词后面，表示“住在某处的人”如：villager Londonerd. -er附加在合成词后面，表示“从事某种职业或与某种情形有关的人”，如：newcomer storekeepere. -er附加在形容词后面，表示“有某种特点或性质的人”，如：foreigner strangerf. -er附加在一部分动词后面，构成名词，如：poster recorder（2）-or得含义和-er相同，主要附加在外来语后面，如：conductor visitor（3）-ista. 表示“从事……职业的人”或“善于某种知识或乐器的人”，如：pianist chenistb. 表示“信仰某种主义或制度的人”，通常都有一个相应的以 -ism结尾的名词，表示“……主义”，如：socialist---socialism communist---communism （4）-ian附加在以ic(s)结尾的名词或形容词后面，表示“有某种专长或从事某种事（行）业的人”，如：music---musician politics---politician（5）-al多半附加在外来语动词后面，构成名词，表示“动作”或“行动”，如：arrive---arrival refuse---refusal（6）-ion, -sion, -tion附加在外来语动词后面，构成名词，表示“动作”或“动作进程”，如：a. 直接加-ion:act---action collect—collectioninvent—inventionb. 动词变化，再加-tion 或–sion 构成名词，如：attend—attention repeat—repetion（7）-ful可以附加在名词的后面，表示以该名词容量为单位的量，如：glassful (一杯) plateful (一盘) 这些词变成复数时，直接加-s,如 glassfuls, handfuls等。
2025年中考英语复习语法专题+-构词法课件
vacation.
9.To be an artist (art) is my brother's dream.
பைடு நூலகம்
10.Without thinking about his own safety (safe)，the fireman rushed into the fire. 11.Many young people often share their daily (day) life on TikTok. 12.—What does UNECEF do for children in poor areas? —It provides basic education (educate) for them. 13. If you don't go on a diet, it is impossible (possible) for you to lose weight. 14.When you do your homework, you need to write carefully (careful). 15.For Tony,nothing is more enjoyable (enjoy) than playing tennis.
二、语法填空。 My favorite teacher is Mr. Zhao. He has made a big 1.difference (different)
in my life. I was 2. really (real) shy and nervous on the first day at school. 3. But Mr. Zhao was so friendly that I soon forgot about that. 4. Inhis first class, he asked us to draw a picture of 5. ourselves (our).
构词法(单选题 30题 含答案)初中英语专题练习
构词法（单选题 30题含答案）初中英语专题练习一、单选题1．We cannot add 'un-' to________to give it the opposite meaning.A．possible B．happy C．interesting D．friendly2．The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in San Francisco, the USA．Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word landmark?A．unpleasant B．useless C．summertime D．surprising3．She spoke________ to the frightened child.A．gently B．gentle C．gentleman D．gentlely4．“How much do you?”means“What’s your?”A．weigh;weigh B．weigh;weightC．weight;weight D．weight;weigh5．We will have a_______ holiday after the exam.A．two month B．two-month C．two month's D．two-months6．—I think ______ study at school every day is much too long for the ______ students .—I think so.A．14 hour's ;13-years-old B．a 14-hours ;13-year-oldC．14 hours' ;13-year-old D．14-hour ;13-years-old7．Jim is ill in hospital. Now he is _______ in bed and talking to his doctor.A．lie B．lies C．lying D．lay8．— What ______ you, dad?—I was ______ that the dog could do so many useful things for the disabled.A．surprised; surprised B．surprising; surprisingC．surprised; surprising D．surprising; surprise9．—I can hardly see the words on the blackboard.—Well, let’s go and take the front seats to see ________.A．clear B．clearer C．more clearly10．Tom failed in the exam. He looked ________ at his English test paper in his room. A．unhappy B．unhappily C．happy D．happily11．Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be________ for their children. A．responsible B．responsibility C．responsibly D．response12．—Is the library _______ now?—No, it usually _______ at 9 a.m.A．opens; opens B．open; open C．open; opens D．opens; open13．We cannot add “un-” to to give it the opposite meaning.A．certain B．important C．comfortable D．possible14．This book is very boring. I often want to _________ whenever trying to read.A．sleeps B．sleeping C．be sleepy D．slept15．—I believe there must be some wonderful experiences during our ______________middle school life.—I believe so. Each of us learns a lot and gets along well with our teachers and classmates.A．four years B．the four-year C．four-year16．—What are you going to do after the exam?—We'll have a________ holiday.A．three week's B．three-weeks C．three weeks D．three-week17．To my ________, the twin sisters went to Peking University at the same time last year. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprises18．The long-lived (长寿的) _______Elizabeth II ______as the Queen of the United Kingdom now. A．94-year-old; is working B．94-years -old; workedC．94-year-old; worked D．94-years-old; is working19．- We’re lost in the mountains. It’s ______ for us to find the way.- Don’t give up. Let’s keep trying.A．hopefully B．hope C．hopeless D．hopeful20．Lin Hao was hero then.A．an 8 years olds B．an 8-year-old C．a 8-years-old D．8 years old21．On snowy days, a driver must drive as ________ as possible.A．care B．careful C．careless D．carefully22．Andrew's honesty and wisdom will surely make him a ________ businessman.A．succeed B．success C．successful D．successfully23．He always comes to school early, but he is late today. I feel _________.A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised D．surprises24．The show turned out to be a great ______________．A．success B．successful C．succeed D．successfully25．I picked up the telephone, but the line was ____________. A．die B．died C．dead D．death26．We are ___________ to hear that we will have a three-day off. A．please B．pleased C．pleasure D．pleasant 27．This year , we had a holiday in May .A．four-day B．four-days C．four days D．four day's 28．He was ________ boy. But _______ he had a kind grandmother. A．an unlucky; luckily B．a lucky; luckilyC．an unlucky; unluckily D．a lucky, unluckily 29．—There' s a lot of _____on the road.—Yes. It was _____last night.A．snow; snow B．snow; snowyC．snowy; snowy D．snowy; snow30．I’m glad to get your ________ to spend vacation with you . A．invite B．invitation C．invites D．inviting【参考答案】一、单选题1．A2．C3．A4．B5．B6．C7．C8．A9．C10．B11．A12．C13．D14．C15．C16．D17．A18．A19．C20．B21．D22．C23．C24．A25．C26．B27．A28．A29．B30．B。
(北京专版)2020中考英语复习方案第五篇语法突破语法专题13构词法试题
语法专题（十三）构词法Ⅰ.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1.It’s (danger) to play with fire.2.It’s noisy outside, and I can’t hear you (clear).3.Nothing is a waste if we have a (create) mind.4.More and more people have realized the (important) of China-Russia Heihe Bridge.5.It is (polite) to keep others waiting in many western countries.6.How (care) you are! You have left your book at home again!7.Lucy used to be (real) shy. So she took acting classes to deal with her shyness.8.After the earthquake, plenty of food and clothes were provided for the (home) people.9.—Have you been to the Beijing Expo(北京世园会) in Yanqing?—Yes, it’s a (collect) of art gardening, and high technology.10.One needs three things to be (true) happy in life: something to do, someone to love and something to expect.11.The (able) won’t feel that lonely if everyone can do something to help them.12.Mobike is considered to be a new (invent) in China.13.The mother said goodbye with a smile, but her eyes couldn’t hide her (sad).14.We can’t (simple) judge a book by its cover or its title.15.Every year many foreign (tour) come to visit the Great Wall of China.16.With the help of the teacher, there has been a great (improve) in her spoken English.17.Which is more (value) to you, health or wealth?18.We had a (discuss) about the coming graduation ceremony.19.As a good teacher, she is never (patient) with her students.20.For your own (safe), please do not walk about on the plane.Ⅱ.用方框中单词的适当形式完成句子。
【2020】中考英语专题复习专题十三构词法考点综合集训含解析
8..The children enjoy the life in the country and live _______ (happy) with their families..
9..Many countries in the world have reached an _______ (agree) to reduce air pollution..
A.. protectB.. protectionC.. protectedD.. protector
6..These _______ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening..
A.. manB.. menC.. womanD.. women
9..【解析】句意：世界上许多国家就减少环境污染达成一致。结合语境可知此处需用名词 agreement 表示意见一致。
10..【解析】句意：警察告诫司机在雪天要小心驾驶，因为雪天很危险。分析句子结构可知此处需要形容词，故填snowy。
11..【解析】句意：我的自行车_______。你能帮我一下吗，先生？根据句意可知此处考查系动词is之后用形容词。故填broken。
1..This film was really a _______, and people liked it very much..
A.. successB.. successfulC.. successfullyD.. succeed
2..The policeman died for saving the child, so his _______ is heavier than Mount Tai..
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语法专题训练：构词法
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.All the girls were breathing (heavy) after the 800-metre race.
2.It's (polite) of you to shout at others in public.You must have good manners.
3.—Are there any (different) between the two sentences?
—Sorry, I don't know.
4.The more (careful) you work, the more mistakes you will make.
5.After class, children should go out of their classroom to enjoy the (warm) of the sun.
6.In China, most of the (north) people like to eat dumplings.
7.I like reading and writing, and I want to be a (write) when I grow up.
8.At the class meeting, our teacher gave us quite a few (suggest) on how to get on well with each other.
9.Mr Dean was (thank) to the policeman who had helped his kids arrive safely.
10.A person who doesn't like fishing usually looks (patient) in doing his work.
11.He's very excited about the (possible) of playing for England's first team.
12.All their efforts seemed (help), so they decided to give it up.
13.Don't use the lift when you escape from a high (build) during a fire.
14.I (agree) that mums do all the housework. Everyone should share.
15.(luck), this man lost his wife and two children in the earthquake.
16.We are sad about the (pollute) of our environment.
17.Qi Baishi was one of the most famous (art) in China.
18.What a pity! Sue lost the game because the (weigh) of her shoes made it difficult for her to run fast.
19.Would you mind giving me some (advise) on how to plant trees?
20.Mobike is considered to be a new (invent) in China.
21.If you don't have a deep love for something, don't be (satisfy) until you find one.
22.Every year many foreign (tour) come to visit the Great Wall of China.
23.Which is more (value) to you, health or wealth?
24.For your own (safe), please do not walk about on the plane.
25.More and more people have realized the (important) of China-Russia Heihe Bridge.
26.As we know, HUAWEI technology has been developing (rapid).
27.After the earthquake, plenty of food and clothes were provided for the (home) people.
28.—Uncle John seems to be more (cheer)today.
—Yeah. He's got his favourite stamp.
29.The (able) won't feel that lonely if everyone can do something to help them.
30.China has made great (achieve) since it opened its doors to the outside world.
31.I think I can work out the problem without (difficult).
32.It is still (know) whether all the students in our class have passed the exam.
33.Mark was the (win) of the competition.
34.The passage is about the (introduce) to this new kind of machine.
35.It's cool and (sun) in autumn in our hometown.
36.We can't walk (cross) the street when the traffic light is red.
37.Smiles on the (swim) faces showed how they enjoyed the race.
38.The UK is an old (Europe) country, where there are many palaces and castles.
39.If humans do nothing, the small island will (appear) soon.
40.The film is directed by Samuel, one of the new (direct).
【参考答案】
1.heavily
2.impolite
3.differences
4.carelessly
5.warmth
6.northern
7.writer8.suggestions9.thankful
10.impatient11.possibility12.helpless
13.building14.disagree15.Unluckily
16.pollution17.artists18.weight
19.advice20.invention21.satisfied
22.tourists23.valuable24.safety
25.importance26.rapidly27.homeless
28.cheerful29.disabled30.achievements
31.difficulty32.unknown33.winner
34.introduction35.sunny36.across 37.swimmers'38.European39.disappear 40.directors。