完整word版本独立主格结构练习试题.docx
(完整word版)专四语法之独立主格
独立主格结构（Nominative Absolute Structure/ Absolute Construction）由名词或代词主格+ -ing分词、-ed分词、形容词、副词或介词词组等成分组成, 通常在句中起状语从句的作用。
它多见于文学体裁, 能使句子结构紧凑, 形象具体, 描述生动。
1）I.如果独立分词结构表示时间、原因、条件等, 在翻译时, 根据具体的情况可加适当的连词如“因为”, “由于”, “当……”,“……之后”, “如果”, “只要”等, 然后译成状语从句。
例如:2）Th.mea.over，w.bega.t.wor.again.3）吃完饭后, 我们又开始工作了。
4）Weathe.permitting.th.sport.meetin.wil.b.hel.o.Friday..5）如果天气允许的话, 运动会将在星期五举行。
6）Ther.bein.n.coffe.left.the.ha.t.mak.d.wit.tea.7）因为没有咖啡了, 他们只好用茶凑合。
8）Th.presiden.assassinated.th.whol.countr.wa.i.dee.sorrow.总统遭暗杀了，国人都沉浸在深深的悲痛中。
9）Al.flight.havin.bee.cancele.becaus.o.th.snowstorm.w.decide.t.ta k.th.train.因为暴风雨的缘故, 所有的航班都取消了, 我们于是决定坐火车。
Wit.academi.categorie.bein.wha.the.are.th.historia.rarel.tangle.wit.psycho logists.由于各学术领域往往自成一体，历史学家很少会与心理学家发生纠葛。
(..“介词with或without+名词+分词/形容词/副词/介词词组”一致)H.cam.int.th.room.hi.ear.re.wit.cold.他走进房间，耳朵都冻红了。
(完整word版)独立主格结构练习题
1 The children went home from grammar school, their lesson _________ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished2 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched3 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed4 The growing speed of a plants is influenced by a number of factors, _________ are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that5 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _________, he gladly accepted it.A. finishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. was finished6 --Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.--Sorry. With so much work __________ my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled7 With a lot of difficult problems __________, the newly-elected president is havinga hard time.A. settledB. settingC. to settleD. being settled8 ______________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walkB. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked9 ___________, the more expensive the camera, the better is quality.A. General speakingB. Speaking GeneralC. Generally speakingD. Speakinggenerally10 _____________, the play isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.A. Generally speakingB. On the contraryC. In particularD. To be honest1解：B 题干前后两部分被逗号隔开，且没有连词连接，说明这句话既不是复合句，也不是并列句，而是一个含有独立主格结构的简单句。
英语独立主格结构及学习难点(习题及答案)可编辑全文
独立主格结构精炼【模拟试题】一、单项填空1. －Oh, it’s you, Steve! I ______ you.－No surprising. I’ve just had my hair cut.A. don’t recognizeB. haven’t recognizedC. didn’t recognizeD. hadn’t recognized2. The people, _________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homesB. all of whose homesC. all their homesD. all of their homes3. I’m glad to see that you ________ a lot of progress since I ______ you last.A. will make; have metB. have been making; metC. had made; metD. have made; meeting4. －Where can I get _______ information about a long journey?－Nothing is of _________ than a map, I think.A. an; greater helpB. a piece of; greater priceC. some; better usefulD. some; greater value5. You’re not _______ to park here _______ you have a permit.A. allowed; unlessB. permitted; in spiteC. let; sinceD. agreed; even if6. It’s ________ a long time since I started to teach at this school.A. quiteB. muchC. prettyD. so7. －Did you remember to return the book to our English teacher?－Yes. I gave it to him _________ I saw him.A. onceB. whileC. ifD. the moment8. He was ________ for work, for he could not imagine life without it.A. expectedB. worriedC. eagerD. proud9. I ______ from the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn’t seen for ten years.A. figured outB. picked outC. gave outD. went out10. I believe the child _________.A. to tell trueB. to have told the truthC. having the truthD. having told the truth11. Jack _________ the test again; in that case, his father will be very disappointed.A. must have failedB. might failC. should failD. could have failed12. ________ enough time, but I couldn’t do it better.A. I was givenB. GivenC. To be givenD. Though I was given13. Our doctor always talks to me _________ a teacher talking to a child.A. as same asB. howC. likeD. similar as14. －Johnson, there’re a lot of chairs over there. Go and fetch _________ for me.－Why _______? Mike is sitting there doing nothing.A. one; meB. that; not heC. it; not himD. some; I15. －Let me help you carry your travel case to the station, Granny.－Oh, no, my boy. It is ____________ heavy. _______.A. so; What a good boyB. not so; Thanks a lotC. rather; How kind of youD. not too; Thank you anyway.二、完形填空Most children with healthy appetites（食欲）are ready to eat almost anything that is offered to them. A child seldom dislikes food 16 it is badly cooked. The 17 a meal is cooked and served is most important and an 18 served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child 19 he likes or dislikes a food and never 20 likes and dislikes in front of him or allow 21 else to do so. If the father says that he hates fat meat or the mother 22 some vegetables in the child’s hearing he is 23 to copy this action.Parents should accept the fact that he likes everything and he probably 24. Nothing healthful should be omitted （删除）from the meal because of a 25 dislike. At meal times it is a good 26 to give a child a small part and let him 27 back for a second helping rather than give him as 28 as he is likely to eat 29 . Do not talk too much to the child 30 meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not 31 him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will 32 learn to swallow his food 33 he can hurry back to the toys in his room. On 34 condition must a child be coaxed （哄骗）35 forced to eat.16. A. if B. until C. that D. unless17. A. production B. process C. way D. method18. A. immediately B. attractively C. eagerly D. anxiously19. A. whether B. what C. that D. which20. A. agree B. tell C. discus D. argue21. A. everybody B. anybody C. somebody D. nobody22. A. opposes B. refuses C. admit D. digest23. A. willing B. possible C. forced D. likely24. A. should B. may C. will D. must25. A. supposed B. proved C. considered D. related26. A. point B. custom C. idea D. plan27. A. ask B. come C. return D. take28. A. much B. little C. few D. many29. A. all the best B. over and over C. not at all D. all at once30. A. on B. over C. by D. during31. A. agree B. allow C. force D. persuade32. A. hurriedly B. soon C. fast D. slowly33. A. so B. until C. while D. although34. A. some B. any C. such D. no35. A. or B. nor C. but D. neither三、阅读理解ALarry Bird was born in 1965 in a small town in the middle western State of Indiana. He was tall, and always good at playing basketball. He attended Indiana State University. Bird led the team into the College Basketball Championship Game.After completing his college studies, Larry Bird began playing professional（职业的）basketball for the Boston Celtics. He remained with the Celtics for all his professional career（生涯）. During those 13 years, Larry Bird was named the Most Valuable Player of the Year three times. He scored more than 21,000 points, and he played in 13 of the highest scoring games in his team’s history. Once he scored 60 points in just one game.During his very successful basketball career, Larry Bird suffered a number of injuries. In 1989, he stopped playing because of pain in his feet. He returned in 1990, but the pain in his feet returned too. In the next twoyears he experienced more medical problems, and he missed many games.Larry Bird did play on the Dream Team－the first Olympic Team with professional players. However, after winning the gold medal in Barcelona, he announced that he would retire（退役）from professional basketball. Larry Bird said he would have liked to play a little longer, but he could not because of his health problems. He also said it was a good time to leave the game. He wanted to be remembered as a winner.36. The main idea of the second paragraph is that Larry Bird _______.A. was named the Most Valuable Player of the YearB. was strong and tallC. was good at shooting basketsD. was the oldest player of the team37. The underlined word “score” in the second paragraph means ________.A. lostB. gotC. madeD. wrote38. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ________.A. Larry Bird began his career soon after his graduation from the college.B. He lost interest in play basketball after he retiredC. Though he left the team, he didn’t feel too much regret.D. He thought it a right decision to leave the team.39. What team did Larry Bird join during his professional career? ________.A. The Dream Team.B. The Indiana State University Team.C. The Boston Celtics.D. An unknown team.BA world of chanceThe New York Times is now better than ever－All the more reasons to order home delivery now.NEW－Separate sections（版面）for the Arts, Monday through Thursday, and Sports 7 days a week that you can pull out, take with you or pass along.NEW－The Dinning In, Dinning Out section, Wednesday, a banquet（宴会）of great meals you can make yourself, order up or eat out.NEW－The House & Home section, Thursday, filled with useful, interesting features（特别报道）and articles about making the most of all sorts of living spaces.NEW－An Enlarged, two-part Weekend section, Friday with more ideas about movies, shows, art exhibitions, outdoor and indoor recreation.Latest news and sports results daily. And of course, daily world and national news, Sunday’s special sections and all the other great features you’ll continue to find in the Times.Find out just how much YOU can obtain from the Times every day.Call 1－800－311－1969 or use the postage-paid order card to order convenient home delivery at 50％OFF out regular price.40. If you want to find out the more information of films you should _________.A. call 1-800-311-1969B. go over the House and Home sectionC. read the Art sectionD. read Weekend section41. If you want to order home delivery, you may ________.A. use the order cardB. send E-mail to the sales officeC. telephone sales manager of the TimesD. pay for the postage yourself42. From the passage we know that _______.A. the Times sells at a lower price than beforeB. the Times has improved a great deal and everyone likes to read itC. many of the good features of the Times remain unchangedD. you will learn everything by reading the Times every day43. The owner of the passage advertises ________.A. to introduce the new sectionsB. to announce the new sections of the TimesC. to make known his new plan of the TimesD. to persuade people to buy the Times CPackaging（包装）is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product. For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character. The child is more interested in the picture than in breakfast food. Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products－or to ask their parents for them.Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing. Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is free. However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product.The size of a package also motivates a buyer. Maybe the package has “Economy（经济）Size” or “Family Size” printed on it. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least money. But that is not always true. To find out a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit. The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the whole story. Only the product inside can do that.44. As used in the first paragraph, the word “motivate” most probably mean _______.A. making one believe what he does is justB. providing a story that makes one movedC. supplying a thought or feeling that makes one actD. making one deep in thought45. “A buyer will get something for nothing” most probably means that ________.A. a buyer will not get what he wants toB. a buyer will gain more than he losesC. a buyer will get what he pays forD. a buyer will get something useful free of charge46. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? ________.A. On seeing a well-designed container, a buyer often neglects（忽略）what is inside it.B. A buyer is also attracted by the size of the container.C. Children are often made to buy a product by its package with attractive pictures.D. Package is often a successful advertisement.47. What suggestion does the author give in the passage? ________.A. The best choice for buyer is to get a product in a plain package.B. A buyer should get what he needs most.C. Do not buy the product which is sold in a glass or dish.D. The quality of a container has nothing to do with the quality of the product.DFor some time it has been widely accepted that babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological（生理的）“drives”as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful effects.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began go study he children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “turned on ”the lights－and indeed that they are able to learn quite difficult turns to bring about this result, for example, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek’s lights were placed directly in front of the babies and he noticed that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile” when the lights came on. Papousek concluded that it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a basic human need to make sense of the world and bring it under control.48. According to the author, babies learn to do things which ________.A. are directly related to pleasureB. will meet their physical needsC. will bring them a feeling of successD. will satisfy their curiosity49. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ________.A. would make learned responses when it saw the milkB. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC. would continue the simple movements without being given milkD. would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink50. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to _______.A. have the lights turned onB. be rewarded with milkC. please their parentsD. be praised51. The babies would “smile” at the lights because _______.,A. they need not turn back to watch the lightsB. they succeeded in “turning on” the lightsC. the lights were directly related to some basic “drives”D. the sight of the lights was interesting【试题答案】1. C2. B3. B4. D5. A6. A7. D8. C9. B 10. B 11. B 12. A13. C 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. A 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. D46. A 47. D 48. C 49. C 50. A 51. B独立主格结构1 I send you 100 dollars today,the rest __in a year.A followsB followedC to followD being followed2 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent __at theend of last March.A has been launchedB having beenlaunchedC being launchedD to belaunched3 The speech ____,a lively discussion started.A being deliveredB was deliveredC be deliveredD having been delivered4 Night ___,we hurried home.A fallsB to fallC fallenD falling5 The meeting ___over ,we all left the room.A isB to beC beingD would be6 The murderer was brought in,with his hands ___behind the back.A being tiedB having tiedC to be tiedD tied7 I send him most of the books ,the remaining __in a month.A followsB followedC to followD being followed8 The fish ___bad ,the childten left much of it___A tasted;untouchingB tasting;untouchedC tasting ;untouching Dtasted;untouched9 Mr. Smith flew to New York this morning,his assistant ___him there this Saturday.A joiningB to joinC will joinD wants to join10 ___from what you say,he ought to succeed.A JudgedB JudgingC When you judgedD Because you judged11 ___Sunday,rather than __at home,I preferred___.A It being ,stay;to travelB Being ;to stay;to travelC Having been;stay,travelD Itwas ;to stay;travel1 CBDDC 6 DCBBB 11 A。
独立主格结构练习题及解析解析
独立主格结构练习题及解析(附答案1.I have a lot of books, half of novels.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. Them2.more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.A. becauseB. asC. WithD. Since3.The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most ofcarrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.A. themB. whoC. whomD. Which4.The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of over 600 years old.A. whichB. thatC. themD. It5.The cave very dark, he lit some candles light.A. was; givenB. was; to giveC. being; givenD. being; to give6.The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand a gun and his facewith sweat.A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering7.The girl in the snapshot( 快照was smiling sweetly, her long hair.A. flowed in the breeze( 微风B. was flowing in the breezeC. were flowing in the breezeD. flowing in the breeze8.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished9.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. That10.The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, Land Rover of the latest.A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. the others【答案与解析】1.D。
独立主格试题及答案
独立主格试题及答案1. 独立主格结构通常用来表示一个与主句有逻辑联系但又不构成从句关系的附加信息。
2. 下面是一些独立主格结构的练习题，请根据题目要求完成句子。
3. 练习题：- 3.1. 他匆匆忙忙地离开了，没有留下任何消息。
答案：He left in a hurry, leaving no message behind.- 3.2. 她静静地坐着，眼睛盯着窗外。
答案：She sat quietly, her eyes fixed on the window.- 3.3. 学生们在教室里讨论，老师在黑板上写字。
答案：The students were discussing in the classroom, the teacher writing on the blackboard.- 3.4. 他躺在床上，手里拿着一本书。
答案：He lay in bed, a book in his hand.- 3.5. 雨下得很大，我们决定推迟野餐。
答案：It was raining heavily, so we decided to postpone the picnic.4. 注意事项：- 4.1. 独立主格结构中的主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词形式。
- 4.2. 若是被动关系，则使用过去分词形式。
- 4.3. 独立主格结构可以有自己独立的状语、定语或补语。
5. 独立主格结构的构成：- 5.1. 名词/代词 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。
- 5.2. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。
6. 独立主格结构的使用场景：- 6.1. 用于表示时间、原因、条件、让步等。
- 6.2. 用于强调某一动作或状态。
7. 练习题答案解析：- 7.1. 答案解析：leaving no message behind 是独立主格结构，表示他离开时没有留下消息。
- 7.2. 答案解析：her eyes fixed on the window 是独立主格结构，表示她的眼睛盯着窗外。
(完整word版)独立主格结构练习题
独立主格结构练习题（1）。
________no bus, we had to walk home.A.There being B。
Being C.Having been D。
There was2)_______no bus, we had to walk home.A。
As there being B.As there was C.Being D。
There was3)_______Sunday, the library doesn’t open.A.Being B。
There being C.Itbeing D。
Having been4)______Sunday， the library doesn’t open.A。
As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is5）_________, the train started.A.The signal given B。
Giving the signal C.The signal being given D.The signal giving6)__________, the train started.A.After having given the signal B。
After the signal given C。
Giving the signal D。
After the signal was given7）______， the text became easier forus to learn。
A.Explaining new wordsB.New words explainedC.Being explained new words D。
Having explained new words8）____， the text became easier for us to learn。
A. When new words were explainedB。
独立主格精练习题（附答案）
1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. BeingC. Having beenD. There was2._______no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there beingB. As there wasC. BeingD. There was3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. BeingB. There beingC. It beingD. Having been4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. As it beingB. BeingC. It isD. As it is1._________, the train started.A. The signal givenB. Giving the signal B. The signal being given D. The signal giving2.__________, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given3._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words4.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsB. New words explaining D. Being explained new words1.___________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditionsB. Conditions betterC. Conditions are betterD. Being better conditions2._________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. If better conditionsB. If conditions betterC. If conditions are betterD. Being better conditions3.________, we’d like to go outing.A. Being SundayB. Sunday OKC. Sunday is OKD. If Sunday OK4.___________, we’d like to go outing.A. If Sunday is OKB. Sunday being OKC. Sunday OKD.A,B and C5._________, you can wait a while.A. The play being still onB. The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B6._________, so you can wait a whileA. The play is still onB. The play being still onC. As the play is still onD. The play still on1.The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.A. a sword in handB. a sword in his handC. Being a sword in handD. sword in hand2.The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.A. with a sword in his handB. with a sword in handC. with a sword being in handD. a sword being in hand3.He left the office, __________.A. tears being in eyesB. tears in eyesC. being tears in eyesD. with tears being in eyes4.He left the office __________.A. with tears being in eyesB. with tears in her eyesC. being tears in eyesD. tears being in eyes1.________ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. As there wasC. There wasD.A and B2._________Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. It beingB. As it isC. BeingD.A and B3.____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.A. Mother being illB. Brother illC. As mother was illD. A,B and C4.____________, we have to work late into the night.A. The exam nearB. The exam being nearC. As the exam is nearD. A,B and C1.__________, the train started.A. The signal givenB. After the signal was givenC. Given the signalD.A and B2.__________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. New words explainedB. When new words were explainedC. When teacher explained new wordsD. all above1.___________, we'll go to visit the Great W all.A. W eather permittingB. If weather permitsC. If permittingD. A and B2._________, the patient will recover himself soon.A. If the treatment is in timeB. The treatment in timeC. The treatment being in timeD.A,B and C1.W e have lessons every day, ___________.A. Sunday includedB. Sunday includingC. Sunday is includingD. all the above2.The boy fell asleep,___________.A. cap on headB. with a cap on headC. a cap on was on headD. all the above3.Father came home,_________A. a dog following himB. a dog followed himC. being followed by a dogD. all the above1.With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.A. To guideB. GuidingC. GuidedD. To have guide2.With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t have time to rest.A. to doB. to be doneC. doingD. done3.With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.A. to workB. workedC. workingD. Being working1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.A. are onB. onC. to be onD. been on2.With our problem ________, we all felt happy.A. to settleB. to be settledC. settledD. being settled3.With his work______, the secretary began to walk home.A. to doB. doingC. doneD. to be done1.She left the offices with tears ________.A. in her eyesB. in eyes B. being in eyes D. to be in eyes2.The man found the door with both his eyes ______.A. to be closedB. being closedC. closedD. closing3.W e felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.A. standing byB. to be standing byC. stood byD. being standing by4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.A. to be tied behindB. tied behindC. tying behindD. being tied behind5.Y ou can’t see well ________.A. with the glasses onB. being on the glassesC. with the glasses to be onD. with the glasses1.Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand?A. withB. havingC. beingD.A and B2.Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her arms.A. carryingB. havingC. withD. all the above1、原因状语1._______late, we had to walk home.A. BeingB. As we wereC. W e beingD.A and B2.______ busy, they had no time to play.A. As they wereB. BeingC. Because they wereD. all the above2、时间状语1._______ the students' homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.A. When he was correctingB. When he correctedC. CorrectingD. all the above2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.A. When you are praisedB. PraisedC. When praisedD. all the above3、条件状语1.______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper.A. If he is givenB. If givenC. GivenD. all the above2._______ another chance, I'll do my job better.A. If I haveB. If havingC. HavingD. all the above4、伴随状语1.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A. carryingB. he was carryingC. and he was carryingD. all the above2.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.A. and he was followedB. followedC. and was followedD. all the above二、独立主格结构和with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。
2018-2019年高考英语独立主格结构练习题Word版.docx
专项练习之独立主格结构( 附参考答案 )练习一1.The thief stood before the policeman， _______ admitting what he had done．A. with his dropping headB. dropped his headC. raising his headD. with his head down2._______ ， he can't go out for a walk as usual．A. With so much work to doB. With so much work doingC. With so much work doneD. Without so much work to do3.It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _______ and his eyes _______．A. closed ； openB. closed ； openedC. closing ； openD. closing ；opening4.All things _______ ， the plan trip will have to be called off．A. be consideredB. consideredC. consideringD. having considering5._______, we have to get down to business right away．A. As there was no time leftB. There is no time leftC. There being no time leftD. There to be no time left6._______ yesterday ， we went out for a walk．A. As a fine dayB. It was a fine dayC. It being a fine dayD. For it was a fine day7.The old man stood there, _______．A. with back against the wallB. with his back against the wallC. and back against wallD. his back was against the wall8.All flights _______ because of the snow-storm， many passengers could do nothing buttake the train ．C9._______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There wasB. There beingC. Because there beingD. There is10. _______, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting11. _______, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said12. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather13. _______, the bus started at once.A. The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given14.She stood there, _______ from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down15._______, the leaves are turning green.A. When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on16._______, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost17.I used to sleep with the window _______.A. openedB. openC. openingD. to open18._______, the hunter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder19.He stood there silently, his lips _______ .A. tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembled20._______, we will surely succeed.A. The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping练习二：高考试题精选1.With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having ahard time. ( 上海 02 春季 )A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled2._______ the production up by 60 %, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET 2000)A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through3.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back. (MET91, 22)A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied4.The meeting _______ over, we all left the room and drove home. (上海 87)A. isB. to beC. beingD. would be5._______, they will go and visit the zoo.(上海 86 )A. Weather permittingB. Weather permittedC. Weather being permittedD. Weather having permitted6._______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004北京卷， 33)A. WithB. BesidesC. As forD. Because of7.I couldn’ t do my homework with all that noise _______.(2005 年北京卷 34)A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on8.I send you 100 dollars, the rest _______ in a year.（ 2005 湖南卷34）A. followB. followed 。
(完整word)高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习
独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
二、独立主格的特点【注意】1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。
2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。
三、独立主格结构的用法。
一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。
“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.不定式构成的独立主格结构不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，有时做条件状语。
Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。
So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job.如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。
2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就是不正确的。
动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发出的动作。
独立主格结构练习(可编辑修改word版)
独立主格结构练习一1.no bus, we had to walk home.A.There wasB. There beingC. Because there beingD.There were2., I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A.Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting3. , we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4., we all went swimming in high spirits.A.It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5., the bus started at once.A.The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given6.She stood there, from her cheeks.A.tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down7., the leaves are turning green.A.When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on8., I had to buy a new one.A.My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost9.I used to sleep with the window .A.openedB. openC. opening D to open10., the hunter went into the forest.A.A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder11.production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A.AsB. ForC. WithD. Through12.With a lot of work , I have to sit up tonight.A.doB. doingC. doneD. to do13.He stood there silently, his lips .A.tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling14., her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A.All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered15., we will surely succeed.A.The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping独立主格结构练习二1.The thief stood before the policeman, admitting what he had done.A.with his drooping headB.drooping his headC.raising his headD.with his head down2.,he can't go out for a walk as usual.A.With so much work to doB.With so much work doingC.With so much work doneD.Without so much work to do3.It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth and his eyes .A.closed;openB.closed;openedC.closing;openD.closing;opening4.All things ,the plan trip will have to be called off.A.be consideredB.consideredC.consideringD.having considering5.,we have to get down to business right away.A.As there was no time leftB.There is no time leftC.There being no time leftD.There to be no time left6. yesterday,we went out for a walk.A.As a fine dayB.It was a fine dayC.It being a fine dayD.For it was a fine day7.The old man stood there, .A.with back against the wallB.with his back against the wallC.with back against wallD.his back against wall独立主格结构练习三1.no bus, we had to walk home.A.There wasB. There beingC. Because there being2., I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A.Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting3., we all went home happily.A.Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4., we all went swimming in high spirits.A.It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5., the bus started at once.A.The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given6.She stood there, from her cheeks.A.tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down7., the leaves are turning green.A.When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on8., I had to buy a new one.A.My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost9.I used to sleep with the window .A.openedB. openC. opening D to open10., the hunter went into the forest.A.A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder11.production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A.AsB. ForC. WithD. Through12.With a lot of work , I have to sit up tonight.A.doB. doingC. doneD. to do13.He stood there silently, his lips .A.tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling14., her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A.All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered15., we will surely succeed.A.The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping独立主格结构巩固练习一答案：1-5 BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC11-15 CDABB独立主格结构巩固练习二答案:1—5 DAABC 6—7 CB独立主格结构练习三1-5BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 CDABB独立主格结构常见类型及练习1.no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. BeingC. Having beenD. There was2. no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there beingB. As there wasC. BeingD. There was3. Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. BeingB. There beingC. It beingD. Having been4. Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. As it beingB. BeingC. It isD. As it is5. , the train started.A. The signal givenB. Giving the signalC. The signal being givenD. The signal giving6. , the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given7. , the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words8. , the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsC. New words explainingD. Being explained new word9. , the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditionsB. Conditions betterC. Conditions are betterD. Being better conditions10. , the patient can leave the hospital.A. If better conditionsB. If conditions betterC. If conditions are betterD. Being betterconditions11., we’d like to go outing.A. Being SundayB. Sunday OKC. Sunday is OKD. If Sunday OK12. , we’d like to go outing.A. If Sunday is OKB. Sunday being OKC. Sunday OKD.A,B and C13., you can wait a while.A. The play being still onB. The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B14. , so you can wait a whileA. The play is still onB. The play being still onC. As the play is still onD. The play still on15.The boy followed the nobleman here, .A. a sword in handB. a sword in his handC. being a sword in handD. sword in hand16.The boy followed the nobleman here .A. with a sword in his handB. with a sword in handC. with a sword being in handD. a sword being in hand17.He left the office, .A. tears being in eyesB. tears in his eyesC. being tears in eyesD. with tears being ineyes18.The factory produced many famous cars, none of shipped to foreign countries.A.themB. whichC. itD. what19.All flights because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A.having been cancelledB. had been cancelled C .have been cancelled D. being cancelled20.The manager was very angry, for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterday, half of unqualified.A.themB. whatC. whichD. whom21. , I had to ask for two days’ leave.A. Mother being illB. Mother illC. As mother was illD. A,B and C22. , we have to work late into the night.A. The exam nearB. The exam being nearC. As the exam is nearD. A,B and C23., we decided to go for an outing.A. weather permittingB. The weather being so fineC. Had weather permittedD. If theweather is clear24. , the text became easier for us to learn.A. New words explainedB. When new words were explainedC. When teacher explained new wordsD. all above25. , we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A. Weather permittingB. If weather permitsC. If permittingD.A and B26. , the patient will recover himself soon.A. If the treatment is in timeB. The treatment in timeC. The treatment being in timeD. A, B and C27.We have lessons every day, .A. Sunday includedB. Sunday includingC. Sunday is includingD. all the above28.The boy fell asleep, .A. cap on headB. with a cap on headC. a cap was on headD. all the above29.Father came home,A .a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed by a dog D. all the above30.With the man us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.A. to guideB. guidingC. guidedD. to have guide31.With a lot of work , she doesn’t have time to rest.A. to doB. to be doneC. doingD. done32.With the machine all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.A. to workB. workedC. workingD. being working33.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights .A. are onB. onC. to be onD. been on34.With our problem , we all felt happy.A. to settleB. to be settledC. settledD. being settled35.With a lot of difficult problems , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. to settleB. settledC. settingD. being settled36.With his work , the secretary began to walk home.A. to doB. doingC. doneD. to be done37.The man found the door with both his eyes .A. to be closedB. being closedC. closedD. closing38.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses .A. standing byB. to be standing byC. stood byD. being standing by39.The murderer was brought in, with his hands .A. to be tied behindB. tied behindC. tying behindD. being tied behind40.You can’t see well .A. with the glasses onB. being on the glassesC. with the glasses to be onD. with the glasses41.Do you know the man a book in his hand?A. withB. havingC. beingD.A and B42.Please offer your seat to the woman a baby in her arms.A. carryingB. havingC. with D .all the above43. late, we had to walk home.A. BeingB. As we wereC. We beingD.A and B44. busy, they had no time to play.A. As they wereB. BeingC. Because they wereD. all the above45.the production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A.ForB. AsC. BecauseD. With46.W ith too many construction projects all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot. A. sucking B. to suck C. being sucked D. being sucking47.—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. [2007 福建卷]A.filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled48.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest in a year.A.followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed49.Father came back, a bag of money on his left shoulder.A. carryingB. he was carryingC. and carryingD. all the above50.Father came back, by a monkey.A. and he was followedB. followedC. and was followedD. all the above51.With the weather conditions , they flew to London immediately.A.taken account intoB. taken into accountC. taking account intoD. taking into account52., he finished playing the game of chess.A.His eyes closingB. With his eyes closedC. Closing his eyesD. Closed his eyes53., I couldn’t get the book I wanted.A.ClosedB. Library closedC. Closing libraryD. With library closing54., the teacher told the class to go through the textA.Checking the answersB. Checking the answers andC. When checking the answers andD. all the above55. a rainy day,A.It being all the farmers had to stay inside.B.BeingC. It wasD. all the above56.A s a little sick, he remained at the clinic.A.feelingB. he feltC. he fellingD. all the above57. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LostB. As he was lost C .He lost D.A and B58. for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.A. WaitingB. When he was waitingC. As he was waitingD. all the above59.The soldier fell asleep .A. with the candle burningB. burning the candleC. when he was burning the candleD. when burning the candle60. , the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.A. Being onB. When being onC. With all the lights onD. When it turns on all the lights61. the notice, he had an idea.soA. When he was watchingB. WatchingC. When watchingD. all the above62. the notice, an idea came to his mind.A. When he was watchingB. WatchingC. When watchingD. all the above63.,there is no school.A.It is SundayB. It was SundayC. It will be SundayD. It being Sunday64.,all the students ran out of the classroom.A.Class was overB. Class is overC. Class overD. When class over65.,everything has changed.A.Time goes onB. Time going onC. As time going onD. With time went on66.He was lying on the grass,his hands under his head.A. crossingB. crossedC. was crossingD. were crossed67.The storm their house,they had to live in a cave.A.destroyedB. destroyingC. having destroyedD. being destroyed68.He entered the room, .A.his nose was red with coldB. and his nose red with coldC. his nose red with coldD. his nose been red with cold69.Here are the first two volumes,the third one next month.A.to come outB. coming outC. will come outD. having come out70.All things , I think we ought to give the job to Mike.A.consideringB. consideredC. having consideredD. are considered71.Spider was up and standing at the door, with every hair of her body .A.stood upB. on its endC. on endD. on the end72.The problem ,they all went home happily.A.settlingB. to be settledC. settledD. to settle73.A lot of work ,he had no time to talk with us.A.doneB. to doC. doingD. to be doing74 .Everyone their seats, the meeting began.A. takenB. takingC. having takenD. to take75.He stood there,his hands behind.A. tyingB. tiedC. were tyingD. were tied76. , Mother had to stay at home and looked after him.A. Being illB. He was illC. Tom being illD. To be ill77.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent at the end of last March. [2007 ft东卷]A.has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched78.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day. [07 重庆]A.finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished79.. There are a lot of stars existing in space,most of are unknown to us. Band most of are unknown to us. Dmost of being unknown to us. DA.whoB. which C that D them80.Anderson entered the classroom, book in hand.A./; hisB. /; /C. a; /D. a; the81.He left, his sweetheart very lonely.A.feltB. feelsC. has feltD. feeling82.M r. Black left for Beijing this morning, his secretary him there this Friday.A.would join B .joined C. joining D. to join83. at hand, he had to borrow some to buy his wife a present.A.There was no moneyB. There being no moneyC. Being no moneyD. Not been money84.A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, .A.most of them womenB. most of whom womenC. and most of whom are womenD. most them are women85.T he final exam , your parents will not properly allow you to listen to music.A.drawing nearB. draw nearC. is drawing nearD. is drew near86.The thief was brought in, his hands behind his back.A.tyingB. tiedC. being tiedD. having tied87.So many students for the traffic jam, the exam had to be put off.A.were lateB. been lateC. has been lateD. being lateA. have been canceledB. had been canceledC. having been canceledD. being canceled88.He wrote a lot of novels, many of translated into a foreign language.A. themB. whichC. itD. what89.We got near a garden, owner sitting in it. A. its B. whose C. that D. which90.The fine day our pleasure, we had a good time in the country.A.added upB. added inC. added up toD. added to91.Our teacher entered the classroom, .A.a book in handB. book in handC. book in his handD. a book in hands92.There nothing to talk about, everyone in the room remained silent.A.wasB. hadC. beingD. having。
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案(可编辑修改word版)
语法重点：独立主格结构。
1.原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2.独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3.独立主格结构用法。
A．用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
B.用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C.用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D.用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。
(word完整版)独立主格结构
独立主格结构状语从句，非谓语动词，独立主格结构都可以做状语。
非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和主句主语一致；如果作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，刚要非谓语动词前加上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构.He got up early to catch the first bus。
He hurried to the station， only to be told that the train had left。
Absorbed in watching the football match，he didn’t notice Susan come in.Hearing the news， he jumped with joy。
The professor came in, followed by a group of students。
比较：1 When we see the city from the top of the mountain, we find the city more beautiful。
=Seeing the city from the top of the mountain， we find the city more beautiful。
2 When the city is seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful。
=Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful。
3 When we see the city from the top of the mountain， the city looks more beautiful. =We seeing the city from the top of the mountain， the city looks more beautiful。
(完整word版)考研语法独立主格与状语从句的省略
状语从句省略1、主句和从句的主语保持一致，称为分词作状语.2、若前后主语不一致，则称作独立主格结构。
1、分词作状语2、（1）条件：状语从句，前后主语一致3、(2）形式：分词作状语在句首+分词作状语在句后4、（3）省略方式：关系词（可保留）+动词形式变化（-ing/—ed)一、用作时间状语1. 典型例句When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.Seeing the cat， the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
真题示例：When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities。
(2006浙江卷）A。
compared B。
being compared C. comparing D。
having compared二、用作原因状语1. 典型例句As she was very weak, she couldn't move.Because she was much discouraged， she moved on to London.（1) ______ with so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time。
(2006四川卷） A。
Faced B。
Face C。
Facing D. To face三、用作条件状语1. 典型例句If you work hard， you will succeed。
If we are united, we stand； if we are divided， we fall.If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.四、用作让步状语1. 典型例句Although living miles away， he attended the course。
(完整word版)专四独立主格结构练习题
独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词（代词）+形容词；名词（代词）+副词；名词（代词）+不定式;名词（代词）+介词短语构成。
独立主格结构的特点：1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.例如：The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished，we began our holiday。
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated，the whole country was in deep sorrow。
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow。
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done，we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over，everyone tired to go home earlier。
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold。
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆2 with的复合结构作独立主格表示伴随情况时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构：with +名词（代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
独立主格(带练习)(完整版)
2)____D______, the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given
1.___D_____, the train started.
A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.all the above
2.__D______, the text became easier for us to learn.
1.Father came back, ___A____ a bag of money on his left shoulder.
A.carrying
B.he was carrying
C.and carrying D.all the above
2.Father came back, _D______ by a monkey.
D.Being explained new words
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词） 该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”
结构。如：
1)___B________, the patient can leave the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions
A. New words explained B. B.When new words were explained C. C.When teacher explained new words
高中独立主格练习题(打印版)
高中独立主格练习题（打印版）一、选择题1. The weather being fine, we decided to go out for a picnic.A. The weather is fineB. The weather was fineC. The weather fineD. The weather being fine2. The boy leading the way, we soon found the house.A. The boy led the wayB. The boy was leading the wayC. The boy leads the wayD. The boy leading the way3. There being no buses, we had to walk home.A. There were no busesB. There was no busC. There being no busesD. There being no bus4. The meeting being over, all of us went home.A. The meeting had been overB. The meeting was overC. The meeting being overD. The meeting is over5. He wrote a letter to me, saying that he would come to seeme.A. He wrote me a letterB. He wrote to meC. He wrote a letter to meD. He wrote me a letter saying二、填空题1. _______, the children couldn't go out to play.A. It rainingB. It rainedC. It was rainingD. It rains2. _______, the soldiers continued their march.A. Despite the snow falling heavilyB. Despite heavy snow fallingC. With heavy snow fallingD. With the snow falling heavily3. _______, the experiment was a success.A. Conducted carefullyB. Carefully conductedC. Conducting carefullyD. Conducted with care4. _______, we were caught in a heavy rain.A. Returning homeB. When we returned homeC. On our way homeD. While returning home5. _______, she couldn't help crying.A. Seeing her mother's pale faceB. When she saw her mother's pale faceC. Having seen her mother's pale faceD. Seeing her mother's pale face三、改错题1. The teacher came into the classroom, book in hand.改正：The teacher came into the classroom, with a book in hand.2. The boy was running in the street, his mother following behind.改正：The boy was running in the street, followed by his mother.3. The meeting was held in the afternoon, many people attending.改正：The meeting was held in the afternoon, with many people attending.4. She sat by the window, her eyes fixed on the distant mountains.改正：She sat by the window, with her eyes fixed on the distant mountains.5. The old man died in his sleep, his family around him.改正：The old man died in his sleep, surrounded by his family.请同学们认真完成以上练习题，以提高对独立主格结构的理解和应用能力。
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1 The children went home from grammar school, their lesson _________ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
2 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent ________ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched
B. having been launched
C. being launched
D. to be
launched
3 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year.
A. follows
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
4 The growing speed of a plants is influenced by a number of factors,_________ are beyond our control.
A. most of them
B. most of which
C. most of what
D. most of that
5John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _________, he
gladly accepted it.
A. finished
B. finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
6--Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
--Sorry. With so much work __________ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled
7With a lot of difficult problems__________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. setting
C. to settle
D. being settled
8______________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of
spring.
A. To walk
B. Walking
C. Walked
D. Having walked
9___________, the more expensive the camera, the better is quality.
A.General speaking
B.Speaking General
C.Generally speaking
D.Speaking
generally
10 _____________, the play isn ’t attractive enough,though the job itself is quite interesting.
A.Generally speaking
B.On the contrary
C.In particular
D.To be honest
1 解： B题干前后两部分被逗号隔开，且没有连词连接，说明这句话既不是复合句，也不
是并列句，而是一个含有独立主格结构的简单句。
动词finish与其逻辑主语their lesson 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。
⑶ 现在分词的完成式
2 解： B本题中的逗号隔开，说明其考查的是一个含有独立结构的简单句。
根据题干的意
思可知，分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成式表示。
3 解： C首先根据题干中的逗号以及分局前后没有连词可以判断该题考查的是独立主格结
构。
根据句意“剩下的钱将一年内付清”，可知 follow尚未发生，故用独立不定式结构。
进
一步判断follow这一动作与the rest存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故使用“逻辑主语+ 不定
式的主动形式”构成独立主格结构。
4 解： B本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
由于逗号隔开之后是个
完成的句子，先行词 factors在定语从句中做most 的宾语，故用关系代词which 代替 factors
，并且引导定语从句。
如果此题中后面部分去掉are ，则选 A 项，构成独立主格结构。
注意：当无动词部分是由介词in 连接时， in前后的两个名词要么不加任何成分，要么分
别加上冠词和物主代词。
如：
The soldier stood in front of the gate, gun in hand（或 a gun in his hand） .士
兵站在门口，手里握着枪。
6 解： B宾语so much work与宾语补足语的动词fill之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，应使
用表示主动意义的现在分词。
7 解： C 根据语境“新当选的总统现在正处于艰难时期”可知，还有很多难题要去解决，
表示将来即将发生的动作，应使用不定式。
8 解： B考查分词作状语，“ walk”这一动作是其逻辑主语“he”（ he 是主句的主语）主动
发出的动作，且表示伴随状态，故应选用表示主动意义的分词作状语。
A 项不定式通常表示
目的状语； C项是过去分词，walk 是不及物动词，不能使用过去分词作状语； D 项分词的完
成式强调动作在主语动作之前已经完成，与句意不符。
9 解： C Generally speaking的意思是“总的来说” ，是独立存在的分词短语，常用作插入
语，是一种习惯用法
10 解： D句意是：虽然工作本身很有趣，但是说实话，工资不够吸引人。
四个选项的意思
是： A：总的来说，B：正相反， C：尤其，特别， D.老实说，说实话。
所以选D。