高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解
高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ、概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。
关系词得作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语)可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose,The student who answered the question was John、Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适得关系词。
Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语)2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now?3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语)4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about?5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语)7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、= Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。
高中英语所有定语从句考点总结
高中英语所有定语从句考点总结定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词:在从句中做 主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略) 2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。
完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中英语的重点知识,也是高考常考点。
本文将主要讲解关系代词引导的定语从句,并解释关系副词引导的定语从句,包括判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容,并提供例题讲解。
定语从句在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who。
whom。
whose。
that。
which等。
它们代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
例如,当先行词是人时,可以使用who或whom作为关系代词。
如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(他就是你想见的人吗?)关系代词在从句中作主语。
而当先行词是物时,可以使用which或that作为关系代词。
如:The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.(你拿的包快散了。
)关系代词在从句中作宾语。
除了who。
whom。
whose。
that。
which,还有关系副词when。
where。
why等。
关系副词引导的定语从句也可以修饰一个名词或代词。
例如:I still remember the day when we met.(我仍然记得我们相遇的那一天。
)关系副词when在从句中作时间状语,修饰先行词day。
总之,掌握定语从句的用法和关系词的选择是英语研究的重要内容。
通过不断的练和实践,相信大家可以掌握这一技能。
关系副词可以代替时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
例如,关系副词when。
where。
why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。
比如,有时候我们必须屈服,这是任何人都会遇到的情况(There are ns when [on which] one must yield)。
英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结
英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用。
在高中英语学习中,掌握定语从句的使用方法和规则对于提高语言表达能力和理解能力非常关键。
本文将对高中英语定语从句的知识点进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一个句子,它修饰一个名词或代词,用来给出更多的信息,进一步描述或限定该名词或代词的特定内容。
定语从句可以用来修饰人、事、物、地点等。
它在句子中的作用是为主句提供更多的信息,使句子更具体、更有表达力。
二、定语从句的引导词1.关系代词:定语从句中常用的关系代词有:- 人:who,whom,whose- 物:which,that,whose- 人或物:as,where,when2.关系副词:定语从句中常用的关系副词有:- 地点:where- 时间:when- 原因:why三、定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系代词/副词 + 主句。
其中,关系代词或副词在定语从句中担任主语、宾语、表语或定语的作用。
四、定语从句的几个常见类型1.限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行进一步的限定,它的信息是先行词不可或缺的一部分。
限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词that,也可使用which或who。
例子:The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。
2.非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行附加说明,它的信息只是对先行词的附加补充,可以省略而不影响句子的整体意思。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词which,也可使用who。
例子:The weather, which was sunny and warm, made our picnic very enjoyable.天气晴朗温暖,使得我们的野餐非常愉快。
高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解
定语从句一定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后.2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who,whom,whose, as等;关系副词有when,where,why等The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.注意:弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键.二关系代词引导的定语从句1。
who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way。
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics。
那就是教我们物理的老师。
2。
whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see。
李明正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor (whom)you are waiting for has come。
你正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor。
老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys。
足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
高中英语定语从句详解绝对
先行词 关系词 定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
whichwhowhomwh wherewhenw
osethat
hy
二、用法:
关系代词: 引导定语从句的关系代词
who whom whose
that
which
先 行
Thesearethestudentswho/t hatwonthefirstplacelastyea
一八.Iknowallpeople___arefromthatvillage. A.whoB.thatC.whose
一九.Thereisnowater___isneededbadly. A.whichB.whoC.that
二0.Pleasetakeanyseat___isfree. A.whichB.thatC.inwhich
一引导定语从句的关系代词
主语
宾语
定语
指人
who that
指物 指人和物
Which that
that
whom优先 who that Which that
that
whose
ofwhom
Whose ofwhich
whose
二引导定语从句的关系副词
whenwherewhy
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分
一、 Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfathe r A.whoseB.whoC.which
二、 Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClass One. A.whenB.whichC.who
三、 Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeatthe schoolgateat七tomorrowmorning. A由.wWhohoB引.w导hi的ch定C.语w从ho句m在句中做主语\宾语
高中英语语法复习——定语从句(共45张ppt)
2、先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或 者代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常 置于它所修饰的成分之后。
eg: The boy who is playing basketball is my younger brother.
3、关系词:引导定语从句的关联词就叫关系 词。
A. 把从句和主句中被修饰的先行词连接在 一起.
2. I think the day will finally come______ air pollution can be put under control. A. that B. which C. when D. as
3. This is the store______ we visited the famous shop assistant. A. where B. there C. that D. which
结构分析: 系词所指代的先行词在句中作 know的宾语。
4. I don’t like the way _____ you speak to her. A. / B. that C. in which D. all A, B and C
特别注意!(5)
在实践中会遇到很多形似定语从句的句子,要 注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别, 能够正确区分使用它们.
couldn’t be found.
A. that
B.where C. in which D. in that
The places couldn’t be found.可知关 系词所指代的先行词在句中作主语。
结构分析:
3. This is the reason ______ he has always been eager to know for these years. A. which B. why C. for which D. because He has always been eager to know the reason for these years.可知关
高中定语从句详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解定语从句是修饰一个名词或代词的从句,用于对被修饰词进行进一步的说明或限制。
在高中英语中,定语从句是一个重要的语法知识点。
下面列举了一些关于高中定语从句的详细讲解。
1. 定语从句的概念和作用:定语从句是对名词或代词进行进一步的说明或限制。
它可以修饰名词的前面、后面或中间位置,起到补充、限定或说明的作用。
2. 定语从句的引导词:引导定语从句的词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
关系代词有which、who、whom、whose和that;关系副词有when、where和why。
3. 定语从句的位置:定语从句可以放在被修饰词的前面、后面或中间位置。
当定语从句放在被修饰词的前面时,需要用逗号将定语从句和主句隔开。
4. 关系代词的选择:关系代词的选择要根据其在定语从句中的成分来确定。
例如,which和that可以用来修饰物,who和that可以用来修饰人,whom可以用来修饰人作宾语,whose可以用来修饰人或物的所有格。
5. 关系副词的选择:关系副词when用来引导修饰时间的定语从句,where用来引导修饰地点的定语从句,why用来引导修饰原因的定语从句。
6. 定语从句的省略:当定语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以将定语从句中的主语和be动词省略掉。
例如,The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister可以省略为The girl sitting next to me is my sister。
7. 定语从句的种类:定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是对被修饰词进行限制和说明,如果去掉定语从句,句子的意思就不完整。
非限制性定语从句是对被修饰词进行补充和解释,如果去掉定语从句,句子的意思仍然完整。
8. 限制性定语从句的特点:限制性定语从句通常不用逗号和引号隔开,修饰的内容与主句有密切的联系,不能随意省略。
9. 非限制性定语从句的特点:非限制性定语从句通常用逗号和引号隔开,修饰的内容与主句有较强的联系,可以随意省略。
高中英语语法-定语从句详解(共111张PPT)
her The girl we saw
yesterday is Mary.
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
her The girl we saw
yesterday is Mary.
Join the following sentences:
哪个关联词
句子结构分析 各种从句的区别 关联词的选用
句子成分&结构
句子结构分析
抓主干
1. I like popular music. 2. The girl laughed in her room. 3. The plane crashed and killed all 200
people aboard. 4. He was adopted when he was 13. 5. We offered him our congratulations. 6. I can’t stand staying at home all day
• Have you seen the film Titanic, _____ leading actor is world famous?
A. its
B. it’s
C. whose
D. which
which
• China is an ancient country of civilization which has a history of more than 5, 000 years.
our school.
1. Women often go shopping.
2. I have worked hard on my English for quite a few years.
高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法
高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法定语从句是英语中常见的一种从句。
它用来对主句中的名词或代词进行修饰和限定,使语言更加精确和具体。
本文将对高中英语中关于定语从句的用法进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的概念定语从句是一个以关系词引导的从句,修饰或限定前面的名词或代词,起到进一步解释、补充信息的作用。
关系词包括:who、whom、which、whose、that等。
二、定语从句的引导词1. 关系代词who指代人,whom在从句中做宾语,which指代物,可以指代整个主句或从句中的一个成分,that既可以指人也可以指物。
2. 关系副词where表示地点,when表示时间,why表示原因。
三、定语从句的位置1. 当修饰主句中的主语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之后。
例句:The boy who is playing football is my brother.(正在踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。
)2. 当修饰主句中的宾语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之后。
例句:I bought a book which was written by J.K. Rowling.(我买了一本J.K.罗琳写的书。
)3. 当修饰主句中的宾语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之前。
例句:I saw the girl whom I met yesterday.(我看到了昨天遇到的那个女孩。
)四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句用来对名词进行修饰和限定,如果去掉不影响主句的完整性。
被从句修饰的名词不能省略。
例句:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(昨天我买的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 非限制性定语从句用来对名词进行陈述和补充说明,去掉会影响句子的意思和完整性。
被从句修饰的名词可以省略。
例句:Tom, who is a doctor, works in a hospital.(汤姆是个医生,在一家医院工作。
高中英语定语从句讲解详版(适合新授及复习版)PPT课件
名词 n. 代词 pron. 动词 v. 形容词 adj. 副词 adv.
句子成分(构成句子的各个部分)
主要成分:主语和谓语 次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、
状语、同位语、补足语
主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。 宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!
句子成 分
意义
充当词类
例句
主语 谓语
表示句子说的是什么 人或什么事
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
whose指电影的,作定语
Here are two pictures that are taken
from the film .
whom指man和woman,作宾语
This is the film whose name m指ahneraon和dhethroeiwneo,m作an主w语hom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy .
5.whose 在定从中作定语,表所属关系, 翻译为“他的/她的/它的”,用来代替 his, her,their,its. whose指人也指物, 指物时 = of which 指人时 = of whom
This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue. This is the book the cover of which is blue
高中英语语法基础 ——定语从句知识点总结归纳讲解(附同步练习)(有答案)
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
高中英语定语从句讲解
第十七页,共43页。
4.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。
I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书,这是昨天买的。
第十四页,共43页。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形 式
不用逗号“ ,”与主句 隔开
用逗号“ ,”与主句隔开
是先行词不可缺少的定 意 语,如删除,主句则失 义 去意义或意思表达不完
整
只是对先行词的补充说明, 如删除,主句仍能表达完整 的意思。
译 译成先行词的定语: 法 “……的 ”
This is my pair of glasses, ___w_i_t_h_o_uwt hich I cannot see clearly.
第二十五页,共43页。
Part Ⅴ
as与which 引导定语 从句的区别
第二十六页,共43页。
as和which的区别
as和which都可以代指前面的先行词或整个句子,在 从句中作主语,或用作及物动词的宾语,如,
6. This is the park _w_h_e_r_e/_in__w_h_ic_h_you took photos last Sunday.
7. That was the reason__w_h_y_/f_or__w_h_ichhe looked old.
第七页,共43页。
PartⅡ
通常只能使用that或 which的场合
3.I live in the house ____w_h_o_se__windows face south. 4.He is such a person_____a_s __we like very much.
高中英语语法:定语从句深层讲解(含四部分)
定语从句讲解一、详细的定语从句讲解定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。
名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
(一)限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导(二)非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的引导词和结构
高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的引导词和结构定语从句是英语语法中的重要部分,用来修饰名词或代词。
在高中英语学习中,了解定语从句的引导词和结构对于理解和运用定语从句至关重要。
本文将对高中英语知识点进行归纳,详细介绍定语从句的引导词和结构。
一、引导词1. 关系代词关系代词在定语从句中引导从句并充当关系词,它们有:that, which, who, whom, whose。
【例句】- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.- The dog which is running in the park is mine.- The girl who is standing over there is my sister.- The man whom you met yesterday is my teacher.- The boy whose father is a doctor is very smart.2. 关系副词关系副词在定语从句中引导从句并充当关系词,它们有:where, when, why。
【例句】- This is the school where I study.- I still remember the day when we first met.- Can you explain the reason why he was late?二、结构1. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句一般用逗号隔开,从句中所包含的信息对于整个句子来说不是必需的。
【例句】- Mary, who is my best friend, is a talented pianist.2. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰的名词或代词进行了限制,去掉从句整个句子的意思就不完整。
【例句】- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.三、注意事项1. 避免使用无关的引导词在定语从句中,需要注意选择合适的引导词。
整理高中定语从句详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解整理表姓名:职业工种:申请级别:受理机构:填报日期:A4打印/ 修订/ 内容可编辑一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
(一)关系代词who, whom和whose 的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。
例如:Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗?This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。
高中定语从句讲解
高中定语从句讲解高中定语从句是英语语法中的一种重要句型,用于修饰和限定名词或代词。
它由一个关系词(如that, which, who, whom, whose, where等)引导,后面跟一个从句。
定语从句可以用来提供更多的信息,以便更准确地描述一个人或物的特征、性质、状态、身份、关系等。
下面是一些关于高中定语从句的讲解要点:1. 关系代词的选择:关系代词分为主格形式(who, which, that)和宾格形式(whom, which, that)。
- 当关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,使用主格形式。
- 当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,使用宾格形式。
需要注意的是,宾格形式的关系代词whom在口语中较少使用,通常可以用who代替。
2. 关系副词的选择:关系副词有where, when, why等。
它们引导的从句通常修饰地点、时间、原因等。
3. 定语从句的位置:定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后,起到对其进行补充说明的作用。
例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
)4. 关系代词和关系副词的省略:当定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语,并且在主句中已经有宾语时,可以将其省略。
例如:The man (whom) I saw yesterday is a famous actor.(昨天我看到的那个人是一位著名的演员。
)5. 定语从句的否定形式:定语从句中的否定形式通常使用not引起的否定词组。
例如:I don't know the reason why he didn't come.(我不知道他没来的原因。
)6. 先行词的指代问题:定语从句中的关系词所指代的先行词通常是前面提到过的名词或代词。
需要注意的是,当先行词是不定代词时,如something, someone, anyone等,关系词通常用that代替。
高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的引导词与结构技巧
高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的引导词与结构技巧定语从句是高中英语中重要的语法知识点之一。
它在句子中作为定语修饰名词或代词,起到进一步限定或说明的作用。
定语从句的引导词和结构技巧是我们学习和运用定语从句的关键。
下面是对定语从句的引导词和结构技巧的归纳总结。
一、引导词的归纳1. 关系代词关系代词是定语从句中最常用的引导词。
主要有:who, whom, whose, which 和 that。
它们用来连接定语从句和名词或代词。
2. 关系副词关系副词是定语从句中较少使用的引导词。
主要有:when, where 和 why。
它们用来连接定语从句和表示时间、地点和原因的名词或代词。
二、引导词的用法讲解1. 关系代词 who 和 whomwho 和 whom 引导的定语从句用来修饰人。
其区别在于:who 在从句中作主语,而 whom 在从句中作宾语。
2. 关系代词 whosewhose 引导的定语从句用来修饰人或物,表示所属关系。
3. 关系代词 whichwhich 引导的定语从句用来修饰物,表示特指或泛指。
4. 关系代词 thatthat 引导的定语从句用来修饰人或物,可以替代 who, whom 和which,无论是特指还是泛指。
5. 关系副词 whenwhen 引导的定语从句用来修饰表示时间的名词或代词。
6. 关系副词 wherewhere 引导的定语从句用来修饰表示地点的名词或代词。
7. 关系副词 whywhy 引导的定语从句用来修饰表示原因的名词或代词。
三、结构技巧的归纳1. 省略关系代词/关系副词当定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语并且被省略时,可以省略关系代词/关系副词,直接用宾语补足语来连接定语从句。
2. 定语从句放在先行词之后为了避免重复或强调先行词,在口语和书面语中,定语从句可以放在先行词之后。
3. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开,起补充说明的作用。
在非限制性定语从句中,只能使用关系代词 who, whom, whose, which 和关系副词 when, where, why 进行引导,不使用 that。
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高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解定语从句一定义及相关术语1(定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。
2(先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3(关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等提示: 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with myfather 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,在定语从句中代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
注意:弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。
二关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
. whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
2Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
3. which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
4. that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿, The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 春天之后的季节是夏季。
I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。
The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。
5. whose 指人、物皆可,与后面的名词有所属关系,在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
注意:指物时,常用以下结构来代替:The house whose windows are broken is empty. The house the windowsof which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that, who不可以),也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。
The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which/that) you asked for.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。
This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
注意:1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如: look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking. (误)The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (误)2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who,若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which;关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。
The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)3. “介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。
如: He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有40个学生,大多数来自大城市。
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止,他写了10部小说,其中3部是关于农村生活的。
四关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where和why等。
when, where, why都在定语从句中作状语,在意义上相当于介词+which结构,分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。
1. when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。