大学英语四级考试(根据2016版大纲)总览
2016年12月英语四六级考试大纲
2016年12月英语四六级考试大纲六级：大学英语六级考试大纲(Syllabus for College English Test —Band Six(CET-6)— )由全国大学英语四、六级考试组委会制定。
目录1总则2考试内容第一部分：听力理解第二部分：阅读理解第三部分：翻译第四部分：短文写作1总则《大学英语教学大纲》的通知中规定：对结束四、六级学习的学生进行统一的标准考试。
这一规定而设计的。
考试的目的在于全面考核已修完大学英语六级的学生是否达到教学大纲所确定的各项目标。
这种考试属于尺度相关常模参照性考试(criterion-related norm-referenced test)，即以教学大纲为考试的依据，但同时又反映考生总体的正态分布情况。
教学大纲指出：大学英语教学的目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力、一定的听的能力(理工科适用的大纲还规定一定的译的能力)以及初步的写和说的能力，使学生能以英语为工具，获取专业所需要的信息，并为进一步提高英语水平打下较好的基础。
为此，本考试主要考核学生运用语言的能力，同时也考核学生对词语用法和语法结构的掌握程度。
鉴于两份《大学英语教学大纲》“是平行的，两者在教学目的、教学要求、教学安排等主要方面基本相同”，为了使考试便于实施，大学英语六级考试采用一个考试大纲的统一的试卷，考试内容包括两个教学大纲中的共同部分。
本考试是一种标准化考试。
由于目前尚不具备口试的条件，暂时只进行笔试。
考试范围主要是教学大纲所规定的基础阶段(较高要求)的全部内容(说与译的内容除外)。
为保证试卷的信度，大部分试题都采用客观性的多项选择题形式。
但是，为了较好地考核学生运用语言的能力，提高试卷的效度，试卷中还包含综合改错和短文写作两部分。
本考试于学期结束前定期举行，由大学英语四、六级标准考试设计组负责和实施。
2考试内容本考试包括五个部分：听力理解、阅读理解、词语用法与语法结构、综合改错、短文写作。
2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案
2016 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试 )Directions:For this part,you are allowed30 minutes to write an essay.Suppose you have two options upon graduation:one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school.You are to make a choice between the two.Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than 180 words.Much controversy has been aroused about whether the students should find a job or start their own business after graduation.Taking a look around,we can find that some graduates bustle around job markets,while others choose to run a shop on TMall. However, I prefer the former choice.From my perspective, there are good reasons to find a job in the first severalyears after their graduation.First and foremost, if a graduate intends to accumulate working experience and learn from the seniors, it is advisable for him to find ajob. It is an undeniable fact that the theoretical knowledge will provide thegraduates with the ability to consider things comprehensively,however,only under the integration with practice can the rigid knowledge be useful for their futuredevelopment. Inevitably, doing something small is the premise of undertakingsomething great. Take Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba and taobao, for example. Healso finds some jobs before establishing his own career,laying a solid foundation for his later success.Consequently,it is of great necessity to find a job after graduation.I firmly believe that it will continue to bring about more returns to our life and future.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) It was going to be renovated.B) He could no longer pay the rent.C) It was dangerous to live in.D) He had sold it to the royal family.【答案】 C2.A) A storm.B) A strike.C) A forest fire.D) A terrorist attack.【答案】 AQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B)They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C)They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D)They were trapped in an underground elevator.【答案】 D4.A) They provided the miners with food and water.B)They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C)They released the details of the accident.D)They tried hard to repair the elevator.【答案】 BQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Raise postage rates.B) Improve its services.C)Close some of its post offices.D)Redesign delivery routes.【答案】 C6.A) Closing offices on holidays.B)Shortening business hours.C)Computerizing mail sorting processes.D)Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.【答案】 D7.A) A lot of controversy will arise.B)Taxpayers will be very pleased.C)Many people will begin to complain.D)Many post office staff will lose their jobs.【答案】 DSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)y C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He will lose part of his pay.B)He will go through retraining.C)He will be given a warning.D)He will be kept from promotion.【答案】 A9.A) He is an experienced press operator.B)He is a trustworthy guy.C)He is always on time.D)He is on good terms with his workmates.【答案】 B10.A) She is a trade union representative.B)She is a senior manager of the shop.C)She is better at handling such matters.D)She is in charge of public relations.【答案】 C11.A) He is always trying to stir up trouble.B)He is skilled and experienced.C)He is very close to the manager.D)He is always complaining about low wages.【答案】 AQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Open.B)Reserved.C)Selfish.D)Friendly.【答案】 B13.A) They read a book.B)They talk about the weather.C)They stay quiet.D)They chat with fellow passengers.【答案】 C14.A) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B) She was never invited to a colleague’ s home.C)She was eager to visit an English castle.D)She was always treated as a foreigner.【答案】 B15.A) Houses are much more quiet.B)They want to have more space.C)They want a garden of their own.D)Houses provide more privacy.【答案】 DSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of eachpassage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B)They don ’ t have to go through job interviews.C)They are likely to get much higher pay.D)They don ’ t have much choice of jobs.【答案】 A17.A) Visit the school careers service.B)Ask their professors for help.C)Look at school bulletin boards.D)Go through campus newspapers.【答案】 A18.A) Providing students with information about the library.B)Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C)Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D)Helping students find the books and journals they need.【答案】 CQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It tastes better.B)It may be sold at a higher price.C)It is easier to grow.D)It can better survive extreme weathers.【答案】 B20. A) It can grow in drier soil.B)It is immune to various diseases.C)It will replace green tea one day.D)It is healthier than green tea.【答案】 D21. A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farmers’ life easier.C)It does not bring the promised health benefits.D)It has been well received by many tea drinkers.【答案】 AQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) They care more about environment.B)They decorate their homes themselves.C)They prefer unique objects of high quality.D)They need decorations to show their status.【答案】 C23.A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C)They were proud of their creations.D)They focused on the quality of their products.【答案】 B24.A) Identify fake crafts.B)Make wise choices.C)To arouse public interest in crafts.D)To boost the local economy.【答案】 B25.A) To attract foreign investments.B)To preserve the traditional culture.C)Design handicrafts themselves.D)Learn the importance of creation.【答案】 DPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are“ male” and “female” brains,believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study __26__ that belief, questioning whether brains really canbe distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers __27__ for sex differencesthroughout the entire human brain.27._____A)abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditionalAnd what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for __28__ brains as “ male” or“ female,” research shows that b rains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.28._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalDaphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there aresome gender-based—__29__ , many different types of brain can’ t always be distinguished by gender.29._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditionalWhile the “average ” male and “ average ” female brains were __30__ different, you couldn ’ t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small __31__ ofpeople had“ all-male” or“ all-female” characteristics.30._____31._____A)abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditionalLarry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家), said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning __32__ beliefs aboutgender and brain function.But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, __33__ of gender.32._____33._____A)abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditional“There’ s a mountain of evidence __34__ the importance of sex influences at alllevels of brain function, M he told The Seattle Times.34._____A) abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditionalIf anything, he said, the study __35__ that gender plays a very important role in the brain—“ even when we are not clear exactly how.”35._____A)abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditionalSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?A)Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn't surprising that you ’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.B)The most likely type of burglary(入室盗窃 )by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. Accordingto the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all householdburglaries in the US in 2013. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforcedentries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds ofcriminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that theFBI doesn ’ t even track those statistics.C)One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups,the fear is that a burglar(入室盗贼 )might be able to shut your system down simplyby cutting the right cable.With a wireless setup,you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If theydetect something wrong while the system is armed, they ’ ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm.That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns —but what about their wireless equivalent,jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency,what ’ s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?D)Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they ’ re not unique to security systems. Any device that ’ s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency canbe overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency.For comparison, let ’ s say you wanted to“ jam ” a conversation between two people — all you’ d need to do is yell in the listener’ s ear.E)Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimalGoogling. They will,however,need to know what system they ’ re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’ d point them in theright direction, though at that point, we’ re talking about a highly targeted,semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes upthe majority of burglaries.It’ s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.F)Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threatof jamming attacks.SimpliSafe,winner of our Editors ’ Choice distinction,utilizesa special system that’ s capable of separating incidental RF interference fromtargeted jamming attacks.When the system thinks it’ s being jammed, it ’ ll notify you via push alert( 推送警报 ).From there,it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.G)SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete witha video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measure to contain the RF interference to ourtest lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that itis possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act,sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system ’ s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not itdetected them.H)We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn ’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around itEven if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and thatit varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn ’ t be a universal magic formula for cracking it Other systems also seem confident on the subject ofjamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citingtheir own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’ t any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.I)Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the rightequipment and the right know-how,it’ s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your homeand steal your stuff?J)Let ’ s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need totarget your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technicaldetails of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you'reaway, so the thief will still need to break in.That means defeating the lock somehow,or breaking a window. He’ ll or opened door would normally need to be jamming you at thisrelease the alarm. So, too,point, as a broken windowwould the motion detectorsin your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping theanti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.K) At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like soundlocks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and nonecan promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them hasvulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A goodsystem is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible whilealso offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36.It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessaryequipment and skill.【答案】 I37.Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering witha conversation.【答案】 D38.A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device toavoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.【答案】 J39.SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radiointerference from targeted jamming attacks.【答案】 F40.Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.【答案】 B41.It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.【答案】 H42.Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm oncesomething wrong is detected.【答案】 C43.Different measures should be taken to protect one’ s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.【答案】 K44.SimpliSafe’ s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.【答案】 G45.Burglars can easily get a security device ’s frequency by Internet search.【答案】 ESection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed bysome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn ’ t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. ButI can tell you that I like this guy. That ’ s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’ s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it forthe post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly,I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply leftup to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggestsotherwise.You actually love tipping!You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistentlyview restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough:the service is better when waiters depend on tips,presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this weretrue,we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips whenthey do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers ofhumanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said theydidn ’ t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay alittle more up-front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’ s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’ t ask you to do drunken math.46.What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A)He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B)He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C)He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D)He lives comfortably without getting any tips.【答案】 B47.What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A)It sets a bad example for other industries.B)It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C)It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D)It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.【答案】 C48.Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A)They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B)They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C)They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D)They can have some say in how much their servers earn.【答案】 D49.What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A)Service quality has little effect on tip size.B)It is in human nature to try to save on tips.C)Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D)Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees.【答案】 A50.What does the author argue for in the passage?A)Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B)Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C)Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D)Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.【答案】 DPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they ’ re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things,which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China,Japan, and India. But doesn’ t the extra money in the pockets of those countries,consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries,cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily,says economic researcher Sara Johnson.“Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw ontheir reserves to support government spending and subsidies (补贴 )for their consumers. ”But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil pricesare overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharpdecline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil- producing nationscan’ t afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oilprices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the prices drop accountfor a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is stillfresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming theirgasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers isnot as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A)The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B)Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C)The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D)The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.【答案】 C52.Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A)Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B)Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C)Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D)Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.【答案】 D53.What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A)They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B)They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C)They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D)They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.【答案】 C54.How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A)It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B)Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C)It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D)Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.【答案】 B55.Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A)People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B)The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C)Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D)People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.【答案】 APart IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。
2016年6月12月大学英语四级真题及答案详解6套全
2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套） (1)参考答案及解析 (11)2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套) (29)参考答案及解析 (39)2016年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套） (46)参考答案及解析 (52)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套） (58)答案详解 (81)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套） (84)答案详解 (100)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解（第三套） (115)2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A)The International Labor Organization's key objective.B)The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C)Rising unemployment worldwide.D)Global economic recovery.2. A)Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.B)Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.C)Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.D)Many countries need support to improve their people's livelihood.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A)Serve standardized food nationwide.B)Put calorie information on the menu.C)Increase protein content in the food.D)Offer convenient food to customers.4. A)They will be fined.B)They will be closed.C)They will get a warning.D)They will lose customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A)Inability to implement their business plans.B)Inability to keep turning out novel products.C)Lack of a successful business model of their own.D)Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. A)It is the secret to business success.B)It is the creation of something new.C)It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.D)It is an essential part of business culture.7. A)Its hardworking employees.B)Its flexible promotion strategy.C)Its innovation culture.D)Its willingness to make investments.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)He's got addicted to technology.B)He is not very good at socializing.C)He is crazy about text-messaging.D)He does not talk long on the phone.9. A)Talk big.B)Talk at length.C)Gossip a lot.D)Forget herself.10. A)He thought it was cool.B)He needed the practice.C)He wanted to stay connected with them.D)He had an urgent message to send.11. A)It poses a challenge to seniors.B)It saves both time and money.C)It is childish and unprofessional.D)It is cool and convenient.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A)He wants to change his job assignment.B)He is unhappy with his department manager.C)He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime.D)He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.13. A)His workload was much too heavy.B)His immediate boss did not trust him.C)His colleagues often refused to cooperate.D)His salary was too low for his responsibility.14. A)He never knows how to refuse.B)He is always ready to help others.C)His boss has a lot of trust in him.D)His boss has no sense of fairness.15. A)Put all his complaints in writing.B)Wait and see what happens next.C)Learn to say no when necessary.D)Talk to his boss in person first.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)The importance of sleep to a healthy life.B)Reasons for Americans' decline in sleep.C)Some tips to improve the quality of sleep.D)Diseases associated with lack of sleep.17. A)They are more health-conscious.B)They are changing their living habits.C)They get less and less sleep.D)They know the dangers of lack of sleep.18. A)Their weight will go down.B)Their mind function will deteriorate.C)Their work efficiency will decrease.D)Their blood pressure will rise.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A)How much you can afford to pay.B)What course you are going to choose.C)Which university you are going to apply to.D)When you are going to submit your application.20. A)The list of courses studied.B)The full record of scores.C)The references from teachers.D)The personal statement.21. A)Specify what they would like to do after graduation.B)Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying.C)Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.D)Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A)It was equipped with rubber tyres.B)It was built in the late 19th century.C)It was purchased by the Royal family.D)It was designed by an English engineer.23. A)They consumed lots of petrol.B)They took two passengers only.C)They were difficult to drive.D)They often broke down.24. A)They were produced on the assembly line.B)They were built with less costly materials.C)They were modeled after British cars.D)They were made for ordinary use.25. A)It made news all over the world.B)It was built for the Royal family.C)It marked a new era in motor travel.D)It attracted large numbers of motorists.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they're running around, they may actually be exercising their brainsDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is tohave everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype（固定看法)? Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers f rom the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities. [E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant. [H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A p erson who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can't just say, 'Let's put this person in a residential care home i nstead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,'” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolinaresearchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.（More on this study and the s tar ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician （老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps t hey don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36.Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they l ive in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted livingfacilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident's satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive. B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant. D)They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)Keep a distance from possible dangers. B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once. D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical. B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction. D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A)to see whether people's personality affects their life spanB)to find out if one's lifestyle has any effect on their healthC)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A)They have a good understanding of evolution.B)They are better at negotiating an agreement.C)They generally appear more resourceful.D)They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A)Children's personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C)Mothers' influence on children may last longer than fathers'.D)Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one's life span.B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D)Health is in large part related to one's lifestyle.Part IV TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.功夫（Kong Fu) 是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。
大学英语四级考试(全国性英语等级考试)
谢谢观看
由国家教育部任命成立“全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会”，考试委员会由全国若干重点大学的有关教授 和专家组成，设顾问二人，主任委员一人，副主任委员若干人，专业委员会委员和咨询委员会委员各若干人。全 国大学英语四、六级考试委员会在学术上、组织上对大学英语考试负责。部分考务工作由“教育部考试中心”负 责。考试委员会设办公室作为常设办事机构。
听力比重加大
和传统笔试重阅读有很大不同的是，机考更注重听力，听力比重占70%。作文部分也融入了听力要求，首先 要看一段视频，看懂了视频以后在作文里简单描述视频内容，并阐发自己的观点。“如果没有听懂视频，作文就 根本无从下手。”
增加跟读环节
在听力部分后面增加了跟读的环节，需要考生对着计算机的麦克风重复之前听到的对话，以此考查考生的口 语是否标准。所以在考试前，考生们需要调试计算机的麦克风音量。
通常情况下为每年6月份、12月份的第三个星期六。
推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为提高中国大学英语课程 的教学质量服务。
参考资料：
考试内容
笔试
口试
参考资料：
四级口试采用计算机化考试形式.模拟考官及试题呈现在计算机屏幕上，试题材料采用文字或画面提示（图画、 图表、照片等）.考生由计算机系统随机编排为两人一组。考生在计算机上进行考生与模拟考官、考生与考生之间 的互动.考试包含四个任务，考试总时间约15分钟。
商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的，内容涉及到商务活动的方方面面。商务英语课程不只是简单 地对学员的英文水平、能力的提高，它更多地是向学员传授一种西方的企业管理理念、工作心理，甚至是如何和 外国人打交道，如何和他们合作、工作的方式方法，以及他们的生活习惯等，从某种程度上说是包含在文化概念 里的。
2016 年 6 月大学英语四级真题试卷完整版
2016 年6 月大学英语四级真题试卷完整版Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty。
You should writeat least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
Part ⅡListening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A），B），C）and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard。
1。
A）The International Labor Organization’s key objective。
2016大学英语四级考试流程
2016大学英语四级考试流程2016大学英语四级考试就要开始了，快来看看2016大学英语四级考流程是什么样子的。
2016大学英语四级考试流程一：考试内容和形式新四级考试加大了听力理解部分的题量和比例，增加快速阅读理解测试，增加非选择性试题的比例。
（1）听力理解部分的比例提高到35%。
（2）阅读理解部分比例调整为35%，其中快速阅读部分占10%，仔细阅读部分占25%。
仔细阅读部分除测试篇章阅读理解外，还包括对骗子语境中的词汇理解的测试；快速阅读部分测试各种快速阅读技能。
（3）综合测试比例为15%，包括完型填空或改错，占10%；短句问答或翻译，占5%。
（4）写作能力测试比例为15%。
2016大学英语四级考试流程二、考生答题顺序试题结构试题内容答题时间答题卡Part IWriting30mAnswer Sheet 1Part IIReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)15mPart IIIListening Comprehension35mAnswer Sheet 2Part IVReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)25mPart VCloze15mPart VITranslation5m答题时间共125分钟。
考试开始后，考生首先在答题卡1上完成写作部分。
30分钟后，监考员发试题册，考生在接着的15分之内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。
然后，监考员收回答题卡1。
考生在答题卡2完成其于部分的试题。
在答题过程中，考生必须在答题卡上作答，在试题册上作答无效。
所有选择性试题务必用2B浓度的铅笔划线作答；所有非选择性试题（即写作、填空等）务必用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
2016大学英语四级考试流程三、快速阅读的基本技巧一、阅读速度与阅读目的阅读活动多种多样，就其目的而言，可大致分为3类：研读（study reading）、略读（skimming）和查读（scanning）。
2016年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题答案(共三套)
2016年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题答案(共三套)2016年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题答案（共三套）听力注：听力部分共有2套。
第一套n A1.关于全球失业率上升。
2.许多国家没有采取措施创造足够的就业机会。
3.在菜单上标注卡路里信息。
4.他们将会被罚款。
5.没有将创新融入到他们的业务中。
6.它是创造新事物。
7.它的创新文化。
n B8.他不会在电话上长时间交谈。
9.长时间交谈。
10.他认为这很酷。
11.这是幼稚和不专业的。
12.他对他的部门经理不满意。
13.他的工作量太大了。
14.他的老板非常信任他。
15.首先与他的老板当面交谈。
n C16.睡眠对健康的重要性。
17.他们睡眠越来越少。
18.他们的血压会升高。
19.你将选择哪门课程。
20.个人陈述。
21.表明他们已经反思和思考了这个主题。
注：没有明显的格式错误或需要删除的段落）22.The building was constructed during the late 1800s.23.XXX XXX.24.XXX method.25.This XXX.n A1.College students should ritize getting sufficient sleep.2.Sleeping may be more effective than last-minute test ns.3.Should the XXX off some of its assets?4.The lack of runway and terminal capacity is a significant issue.5.Cigarette companies should report the nicotine content of their products.6.XXX.7.The individuals XXX.n B8.The country of Holland.9.Learning a language in a n where it is not XXX.XXX.11.XXX.12.Driving XXX.13.Manufacturing cars with less power may be a XXX.14.XXX.15.The XXX subjective.Note: XXX.)16.XXX.17.One way to protect your credit card is by adding a layer of plastic on it.18.It is XXX.19.XXX.20.To resolve the problem。
2016,大学英语四级试卷完整版
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty。
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D)。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard。
1。
A)The International Labor Organization’s key objective。
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析（全）
第 1 页 2016年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案月大学英语四级真题及参考答案Part ⅡListening Comprehension（听力部分共有两套）（听力部分共有两套）四级第一套Section A1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.4. A) They will be fined.C) They will get a warning.5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. B) It is the creation of something new.7. C) Its innovation culture.Section B8. D) He does not talk long on the phone.9. B) Talk at length.10. A) He thought it was cool.11. C) It is childish and unprofessional.12. B) He is unhappy with his department manager.13. A) His workload was much too heavy. 14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.Section C16. A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life.17. C) They get less and less sleep.18. D) Their blood pressure will rise.19. B) What course you are going to choose.20. D) The personal statement.21. C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject. 22. B) It was built in the late 19th century.23. D) They often broke down.24. A) They were produced on the assembly line.25. C) It marked a new era in motor travel.四级第二套Section A1. C) Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.2. C) Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.3. B) Whether the British irports Authority should sell off some of its assets.4. D) Lack of runway and terminal capacity.5. D) Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.6. A) The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.7. B) They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.Section B8. A) Holland.9. D) Learning a language where it is not spoken.10. C) Trying to speak it as much as one can.11. A) It provides opportunities for language practice.12. B) Rules and regulations for driving.13.C) Make cars that are less powerful.14. D) They tend to drive responsibly.15. C) It is not useful.Section C16. D) The card reader failed to do the scanning.17. B) By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.18. A) Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures.19. A) They vary among different departments. 20.D) By contacting the deparmental office.21. B) They specify the number of credits students must earn.22. C) Students in health classes.23. A) Its overemphasis on thinness.24. B) To explain how computer images can be misleading.25. C) To promote her own concept of beauty.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension四级第一套四级第一套Section A26.O) tend27.M) review28.L) performance29.K) particularly 30.N) survive31.E) dropping32.J) mutually33.H) flow34.F) essential35.I) moodSection B36.E ）“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption assumption——don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?37.L ）Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.38.B ）Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)？ Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.39.H ）An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “Y ou can't just say, ‘Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home nursing home—she will be much better off,’” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a —she will be much better off,’” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”40.N ）The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.41.J ）As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk ， announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)42.F ）In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.43.C ）I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care ， let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.44.I ）Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables variables——the facility's type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was neighborhood was——had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.45.G ）But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, c “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal ombined with their own personal characteristics characteristics—how —how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.Section C46. C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.47.D) They are ill-bred.48. C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.49. B) Stop to seek advice from a human being.50. A) Determine what is moral and ethical.51. A) to see whether people's personality affects their life span52. D) They are more likely to get over hardship.53. C) Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity. 54. D) Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life span.55. B) Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.四级第二套四级第二套Section A26.G) growing27.A) dependent28.C) fast29.F) give30.H) launch31.N) successful32.I) policyl33.B) designed34.O) treatments35.E) gainedSection B36.D)As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No. 2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”37.B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it wa professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no s first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration (失效) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry (诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”38.F)To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle —a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great Great——most relationships don't qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend,” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”39.A) Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.40.40.L)“This L)“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told interms of animals and animal relationships,” he says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritua to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”lly enlightened moment.”41.41.H)“This H)“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”42.C)Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy turning to the men behind that philosophy——Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule others. The first rule——examine your life examine your life——is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato's observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions (信念),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”43.K)Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.44.B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration (失效) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I thi think that nk that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry (诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”45.45.J)“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios J)“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world's great religions, in which you very often find in some of the world's great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others——that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted (自己招致的) spi ) spiritual wound.”ritual wound.”Section C46. D) It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.47. A) It does not seem to create a generational divide.48. B) It helps with their mobility.49. A) The location of their residence.50. C) The wealthy.51. C) Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.52. B) It brought family members closer to each other.53. D) Pace of life.54. B) It is varied, abundant and nutritious.55. A) They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.四级第三套四级第三套Section A26.M) provide 27.A) abandoned28.I) frequent29.L) merely30.C) biased31.G) dependent32.F) dampens33.E) commitment34.N) understandably35.O) unrealisticallySection B36.［F ］In contrast, the recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion （转向）（转向）of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.37.［K ］In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.38.［C ］As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.39.［L ］Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends thatcause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families40.［B］I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.41.［H］What about supply? The three environmental trends—the shortage of fresh water,temperatures——are making it increasingly hard to expand the the loss of topsoil and the rising temperaturesworld's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is in irrigation, which consumes 70% of the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables （地下水位） in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers——China, India and the U.S.grain producers42.［M］For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may be necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.43.［J］As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.44.［L］Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.45.［G］As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels.A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.Section C46. B) It weakens in one's later years.47. D) Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.48. C) They function quite well even in old age.49. D) can put what they have learnt into more effective use50. A) find ways to slow down our mental decline51. C) Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.52. A) Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.53. B) When it is made part of kids' education. 54. D) She is a firm supporter of pre-K.55. C) Early intervention.Part ⅣTranslation四级第一套四级第一套功夫(Kung Fu)是中国武术（martial arts ）的俗称。
2016年12月大学英语四级真题及完整问题详解(共两卷)
2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.1. A) It was going to be renovated. C) It was dangerous to live in.B) He could no longer pay the rent. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A storm. C) A forest fire.B) A strike. D) A Terrorist attack.Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D) They were trapped in an underground elevator.4. A) They provided the miner with food and water.B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C) They released the details of the accident.D) They tried hard to repair the accident.Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Raise postage rates. C) Close some of its post offices.B) Improve its services. D) Redesign delivery routes.6. A) Closing offices on holidays. C) Computerizing mail sorting processes.B) Shortening business hours. D) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7.A）A lot of controversy will ariseB) Taxpayers will be very pleasedC) Many people will begin to complainD) Many post office staff will lose their jobsSection BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of eachconversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1with a single line though the centre.Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)He will lose part of his pay. C)He will be given a warning.B)He will go through retraining. D)He is go good terms with his workmates.9. A)He is an experienced press operator. C)He is always on time.B)He is trustworthy guy. D）He is go good terms with his workmates.10.A)She is a trade union representative. C)She is better at handing such matters.B)She is a senior manager of the shop. D)She is in charge of public relation.11.A)He is always trying to stir up trouble.B)He is skilled and experienced.C)He is very close to the manager.D)He is always complaining about low wages.Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Open. C)Selfish.B)Reserved. D)Friendly.13.A)They read a book. C)They stay quiet.B)They talk about the weather D)They chat with fellow passengers.14.A)She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B)She was never invited to a colleague’s home.C)She was eager to visit an English castle.D)She was always treated as a foreigner.15.A) House are much more quiet. C) They want a garden of their own.B) They want to have more space. D) Houses provide more privacy.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B) They don’t have to go through job interviews.C) They are likely to get much higher pay.D) They don’t have much choice of jobs.17.A) Visit the school careers services. C) Look at school bulletin boards.B) Ask their professors for help. D) Go through campus newspapers.18.A) Providing students with information about the library.B) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D) Helping students find the books and journals they need. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It tastes better. C) It is easier to grow.B) It may be sold at a higher price. D) It can better survive extreme weathers.20.A) It can grow in drier soil. C) It will replace green tea one day.B) It is immune to various diseases. D) It is healthier than green tea.21.A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farmers’ life easier.C) It does not bring the promised health benefits.D) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) They care more about environment.B) They decorate their homes themselves.C) They prefer unique objects of high quality.D) They need decorations to show their status.23. A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C) They were proud of their creations.D) They focused on the quality of their products.24. A) Identify fake crafts. C) Design handicrafts themselves.B) Make wise choices. D) Learn the importance of creation.25. A) To attract foreign investments. C) To arouse publicinterest in crafts.B) To preserve the traditional culture. D) To boost the local economy.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male”and “female” brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study（26）that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers（27）for sex differences the entire human brain.And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for （28）brains as “male” or “female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based（29）, many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.While the “average” male and “average” female brains were（30）different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small（31）of people had “all-male” or “all-female”characteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家),said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning（32）beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same,（33）of gender.“There’s a mountain of evidence（34）the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,” he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the study（35） that gender plays a very important role in the brain “even when we are not clear exactly how.”Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?[A]Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.[B]The most likely type of burglary (入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013.The widemajority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.[C]One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar (入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?[D]Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam”a conversation between two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system they’re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, though at that point, we’re talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editor’s Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capable of separatingincidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert(推送警报).From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it’s possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.[H]We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases of successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, orbreaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.[K]At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessaryequipment and skill.37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interferingwith a conversation.38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoidtriggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidentalradio interference from targeted jamming attacks.40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarmonce something wrong is detected.43. Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglaryin addition to the wireless security system.44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.45. Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internet search.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A) It sets a bad example for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passage?A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(补贴) for their consumers.”But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to transtate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。
2016 年 6 月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案完整版
2016 年6 月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案完整版Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks。
You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage。
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices。
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter。
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。
You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once。
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard。
Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too。
Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own，26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests。
大学英语四级考试大纲及题型
大学英语四级考试大纲大学英语四级考试大纲（Syllabus for College English Test —Band Four(CET-4)—）由全国大学四、六级考试组委会制定。
1总则国家教委在印发理工科本科和文理科本科用的两种《大学英语教学大纲》的通知中指出，大纲执行两年后，开始对结束四、六级学习的学生进行统一的标准化测试。
大学英语四级考试(CET-4)就是根据这一规定而设计的。
考试的目的在于全面考核已修完大学英语四级的学生是否达到教学大纲所确定的各项目标。
这种考试属于尺度相关常模参照性考试(criterion-related norm-referenced test)。
教学大纲指出：大学英语教学的目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力、一定的听的能力(理工科适用的大纲还规定一定的译的能力)以及初步的写和说的能力，使学生能以英语为工具，获取专业所需要的信息，并为进一步提高英语水平打下较好的基础。
为此，本考试主要考核学生运用语言的能力，同时也考核学生对语法结构和词语用法的掌握程度。
本考试是一种标准化考试。
由于如今尚不具备口试的条件，暂时只进行笔试。
考试范围主要是教学大纲所规定的一级至四级的全部内容(说与译的内容除外)。
为保证试卷的信度，除短文写作是主观性试题外，其余试题都采用客观性的多项选择题形式。
短文写作部分旨在较好地考核学生运用语言的能力，从而提高试卷的效度。
本考试于每学期结束前后举行，由大学英语四、六级标准考试设计组负责和实施。
每年举行两次。
2考试内容本考试包括四个部分：写作，听力理解，阅读理解，翻译。
全部题目按顺序统一编号。
第一部分：写作(Part Ⅴ：Writing)：共1题，考试时间30分钟。
要求考生写出一篇不少于120词的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写;或给出关键词要求写成短文。
要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。
写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。
精品2016年12月英语四级真题及答案解析(三套完整版)
2016年12月英语四级真题及答案解析（三套完整版）【导语】以下是老师整理的2016年12月英语四级真题及答案解析（三套完整版），希望对大家备考有所帮助。
【作文】innovation创新Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourageinnovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：In today's highly competitive world, innovationmatters enormously to an organization or a country. It is the driving force behind increased competitiveness.Take growing a successful business as an example. In this day and age, social media are gaining popularity among the general public. A company that only relieson traditional media doing its marketing is morelikely to get eliminated in the digital era. Put in another way, a company with its focus on social media to boost its brand recognition stands a better chance of standing out from the crowd. Clearly, innovation is a vital contributing factor to business success.What can be done to encourage innovation? To name only a few: Above all, a business or a country shouldstrive to build a corporate culture or a socialclimate that values innovation. Second, anyone who participates in the innovation process should be rewarded. Third, we are in urgent need of an education system that stresses innovation over mechanical learning.Simply put, innovation is an important force that pushes our society forward.creation创造Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative, unique and different. In fact, today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a21st century without innovation.We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself, so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see, be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meetingthe forthcoming challenges. What’s more, we ought to attach importance to the role played by innovation in economic advancement. Put it another way, in thisever-changing world, innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up, if innovation misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.In order to encourage innovation, it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example, mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encourage the public to cultivate awareness of innovation. Besides, those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize. Though there is a long way ahead to go, I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.【参考译文】众所周知创新意味着有创造力，独一无二和不同。
2016新版最新大学英语四级考试大纲词汇表
.四级英语词汇表共有4200 Words，短语单列。
下面按字母顺序排列四级词汇表。
大学英语四级考试大纲词汇表Aa art.一(个)；每一(个)abandon vet.丢弃；放弃，抛弃ability n.能力；能耐，本领able a.有能力的；出色的abnormal a.不正常的；变态的aboard ad.在船(车)上；上船about prep.关于；在…周围above prep.在…上面；高于Abroad ad. (在)国外；到处absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏absent a.不在场的；缺乏的absolute a.绝对的；纯粹的absolutely ad.完全地；绝对地absorb vet.吸收；使专心abstract a.抽象的n.摘要abundant a.丰富的；大量的abuse vet.滥用；虐待n.滥用academic a.学院的；学术的academy n.私立中学；专科院校Accelerate vet. (使)加快；促进acceleration n.加速；加速度accent n.口音，腔调；重音accept votive.接受；同意acceptable a.可接受的，合意的acceptance n.接受，验收；承认access n.接近；通道，入口accessory n.同谋，从犯；附件accident n.意外的；事故accidental a.偶然的；非本质的accommodate vet.容纳；供应，供给accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany vet.陪伴，陪同；伴随accomplish vet.达到(目的)；完成accord vet.使一致；给予accordance n.一致；和谐；授予accordingly ad.因此，所以；照着account n.记述；解释；帐目accumulate vet.积累vi.堆积accuracy n.准确(性)；准确度accurate a.准确的，正确无误的.accuse vet.指责；归咎于accustom vet.使习惯accustomed a.惯常的；习惯的ache vi.痛；想念n.疼痛achieve vet.完成，实现；达到achievement n.完成；成就，成绩acid n.酸；酸的，酸性的acquaintance n.认识；了解；熟人acquire vet.取得；获得；学到acre n.英亩(=6.07亩)across prep.横过；在…对面act vi.行动；见效n.行为action n.行动；作用；功能active a.活跃的；积极的activity n.活动；活力；行动actor n.男演员；演剧的人actress n.女演员actual a.实际的；现行的actually ad.实际上；竟然acute a.尖的，锐的；敏锐的ad n.广告adapt vet.使适应；改编add vet.添加，附加，掺加addition n.加，加法；附加物additional a.附加的，追加的address n.地址；演说；谈吐adequate a.足够的；可以胜任的adjective n.形容词 a.形容词的adjust vet.调整，调节；校正administration n.管理；管理部门admire vet.钦佩，羡慕，赞赏admission n.允许进入；承认admit vet.承认；准许…进入adopt vet.收养；采用；采取adult n.成年人 a.成年的advance vi.前进；提高n.进展advanced a.先进的；高级的advantage n.优点，优势；好处adventure n.冒险；惊险活动adverb n.副词advertisement n.广告；公告；登广告advice n.劝告；忠告；意见advisable n.明智的；可取的advise vet.劝告；建议；通知.aero plane n.飞机affair n.事情，事件；事务affect vet.影响；感动affection n.慈爱，爱；爱慕afford vet.担负得起…；提供afraid a.害怕的；担心的Africa n.非洲African a.非洲的n.非洲人after prep.在…以后；次于afternoon n.下午，午后afterward ad.后来，以后again ad.又一次；而且against prep.倚在；逆，对着age n.年龄；时代vet.变老agency n.经办；代理；代理处agent n.代理人，代理商aggressive a.侵略的；好斗的ago ad.以前agony n.极度痛苦agree vi.同意；持相同意见agreement n.协定，协议；同意agriculture n.农业，农艺；农学ahead ad.在前；向前；提前aid n.帮助，救护；助手aim vi.瞄准，针对；致力air n.空气；空中；外观aircraft n.飞机，飞行器airline n.航空公司；航线airplane n.飞机airport n.机场，航空站alarm n.惊恐，忧虑；警报alcohol n.酒精，乙醇alike a.同样的，相同的alive a.活着的；活跃的all a.全部的prep.全部allow vet.允许，准许；任alloy n.合金；(金属的)成色almost ad.几乎，差不多alone a.单独的ad.单独地along prep.沿着ad.向前aloud ad.出声地，大声地alphabet n.字母表，字母系统already ad.早已，已经also ad.亦，也；而且，还.alter vet.改变，变更；改做alternative n.替换物；取舍，抉择although conj.尽管，虽然altitude n.高，高度；高处altogether ad.完全；总而言之aluminum n.铝always ad.总是，一直；永远am (缩)上午，午前amaze vet.使惊奇，使惊愕ambition n.雄心，抱负，野心ambulance n.救护车；野战医院America n.美洲；美国American a.美洲的n.美国人among prep.在…之中amongst prep在…之中(=among)amount n.总数；数量；和ampere n.安培amplify vet.放大，增强；扩大amuse vet.逗…乐；给…娱乐analyze vet.分析，分解，解析analysis n.分析，分解，解析ancestor n.祖宗，祖先anchor n.锚vi.抛锚，停泊ancient a.古代的，古老的and conj.和，又，并，则angel n.天使，神差，安琪儿anger n.怒，愤怒vet.使发怒angle n.角，角度angry a.愤怒的，生气的animal n.动物，兽 a.动物的ankle n.踝，踝节部announce vet.宣布，宣告，发表announcer n.宣告者；播音员annoy vet.使恼怒；打搅annual a.每年的n.年报another a.再一个的；别的answer vet.回答；响应；适应ant n.蚂蚁anticipate vet.预料，预期，期望anxiety n.焦虑，忧虑；渴望anxious a.忧虑的；渴望的any a.什么，一些；任何的anybody prep.任何人anyhow ad.无论如何.anyone pron.任何人anything pron.任何事物；一切anyway ad.无论如何anywhere ad.在什么地方apart ad.相隔；分开；除去apartment n.一套公寓房间apologize vi.道歉，谢罪，认错apology n.道歉，认错，谢罪apparatus n.器械，仪器；器官apparent a.表面上的；明显的Appeal VI. &n.呼吁；申述appear vi.出现；来到；似乎appearance n.出现，来到；外观appetite n.食欲，胃口；欲望apple n.苹果，苹果树appliance n.用具，器具，器械applicable a.能应用的；适当的application n.请求，申请；施用apply vet.应用，实施，使用appoint vet.任命，委任；约定appointment n.任命；约定，约会appreciate vet.欣赏；领会；感谢approach vet.向…靠近n.靠近appropriate a.适当的，恰当的approval n.赞成，同意；批准approve vet.赞成，称许；批准approximate a.近似的vet.近似approximately ad.近似地，大约April n.四月Arabian a.阿拉伯的arbitrary a.随心所欲的；专断的architecture n.建筑学；建筑式样area n.面积；地区；领域argue vi.争论，争辩，辩论argument n.争论，辩论；理由arise vi.出现；由…引起arithmetic n.算术，四则运算arm n.臂；臂状物；武器army n.军队；陆军around prep.在…周围arouse vet.引起，唤起；唤醒arrange vet.筹备；整理；调解arrangement n.整理，排列；安排arrest vet.逮捕，拘留；阻止.arrival n.到达；到来；到达者arrive vi.到达；来临；达到arrow n.箭；箭状物art n.艺术，美术；技术article n.文章；条款；物品artificial a.人工的；娇揉造作的artist n.艺术家，美术家artistic a.艺术的；艺术家的as conj.当…的时候ash n.灰，灰末；骨灰ashamed a.惭愧(的)；羞耻(的)Asia n.亚洲Asian a.亚洲的n.亚洲人aside ad.在旁边，到旁边ask vet.问；要求；邀请asleep a.睡着的，睡熟的aspect n.方面；样子，外表assemble vet.集合，召集；装配assembly n.集合；集会；装配assess vet.对(财产等)估价assign vet.指派；分配；指定assignment n.任务，指定的作业assist vet.援助，帮助；搀扶assistant n.助手，助理；助教associate vi.交往n.伙伴，同事association n.协会，团体；联合assume vet.假定；承担；呈现assure vet.使确信；向…保证astonish vet.使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut n.宇宙航行员，宇航员at prep.在…里；在…时athlete n.运动员；田径运动员Atlantic a.大西洋的n.大西洋atmosphere n.大气；空气；气氛atmospheric a.大气的；大气层的atom n.原子；微粒；微量atomic a.原子的；原子能的attach vet.缚，系，贴；附加Attack VT. &VI. &n.攻击，进攻attain vet.达到，获得，完成attempt vet.尝试，试图n.企图attend vet.出席；照顾，护理attention n.注意，留心；注意力attentive a.注意的；有礼貌的.attitude n.态度，看法；姿势attract vet.吸引；引起，诱惑attraction n.吸引；吸引力；引力attractive a.有吸引力的attribute vet.把…归因于n.属性audience n.听众，观众，读者August n.八月aunt n.伯母，婶母，姑母aural a.耳的，听觉的Australia n.澳大利亚Australian a.澳大利亚的author n.作者，作家authority n.当局，官方；权力Auto n. (口语) 汽车automatic a.自动的；机械的automation n.自动，自动化automobile n.汽车，机动车autumn n.秋，秋季auxiliary a.辅助的；附属的available a.可利用的；通用的avenue n.林荫道，道路；大街average n.平均数 a.平均的aviation n.航空，航空学avoid vet.避免，躲开；撤消await vet.等候，期待awake a.醒着的vet.唤醒award n.奖，奖品；判定aware a.知道的，意识到的away ad.离开，远离；…去awful a.令人不愉快的awfully ad.令人畏惧的；很awkward a.笨拙的；尴尬的ax n.斧子axis n.轴，轴线；中心线大学英语四级考试大纲词汇表B.baby n.婴儿；孩子气的人back ad.在后；回原处；回background n.背景，后景，经历backward a.向后的；倒的ad.倒bacteria n.细菌bad a.坏的，恶的；严重的badly ad.坏，差；严重地badminton n.羽毛球bag n.袋，包，钱包，背包baggage n.行李bake vet.烤，烘，焙；烧硬balance vet.使平衡；称n.天平ball n.球，球状物；舞会balloon n.气球，玩具气球banana n.香蕉；芭蕉属植物band n.乐队；带；波段bang n.巨响，枪声；猛击bank n.银行；库；岩，堤banner n.旗，旗帜，横幅bar n.酒吧间；条，杆；栅barber n.理发师bare a.赤裸的；仅仅的bargain n.交易vi.议价；成交bark n.吠叫声vi.吠，叫barn n.谷仓；牲口棚barrel n.桶；圆筒；枪管barrier n.栅栏，屏障；障碍base n.基础，底层；基地basic a.基本的，基础的basically ad.基本上basin n.盆，洗脸盆；盆地basis n.基础，根据basket n.篮，篓，筐basketball n.篮球；篮球运动bat n.球拍；短棍；蝙蝠bath n.浴，洗澡；浴缸bathe vet.给…洗澡；弄湿bathroom n.浴室；盥洗室battery n.电池；一套，一组battle n.战役；斗争vi.作战bay n.湾；山脉中的凹处B.C. (缩)公元前Be aux.v. &vi.是，在，做beach n.海滩，湖滩，河滩.beam n.梁；横梁；束，柱bean n.豆，蚕豆bear n.熊；粗鲁的人bear vet.容忍；负担；生育beard n.胡须，络腮胡子beast n.兽，野兽；牲畜Beat VT. &vi.打，敲；打败beautiful a.美的，美丽的beauty n.美，美丽；美人because conj.由于，因为become vi.变成；成为，变得bed n.床，床位；圃；河床bee n.蜂，密蜂；忙碌的人beef n.牛肉；菜牛beer n.啤酒before prep.在…以前；向…Beg VT. &vi.乞求；请求beggar n.乞丐，穷人begin vi.开始vet.开始beginner n.初学者，生手beginning n.开始，开端；起源behalf n.利益，维护，支持behave vi.表现，举止；运转behavior n.行为，举止，态度behind prep.在…后面being n.存在；生物；生命belief n.信任，相信；信念believe vet.相信；认为bell n.钟，铃，门铃；钟声belong vi.属于，附属beloved a.为…的爱的n.爱人below prep.在…下面(以下)belt n.带，腰带；皮带；区bench n.长凳，条凳；工作台bend vet.使弯曲vi.弯曲beneath prep.在…下方beneficial a.有利的，有益的benefit n.利益；恩惠；津贴berry n.浆果(如草莓等)beside prep.在…旁边besides ad.而且prep.除…之外best a.最好的；最大的Bet VT. &VI. &n.打赌betray vet.背叛；辜负；泄漏.better a.较好的ad.更好地between prep.在…中间beyond prep.在…的那边Bible n.基督教《圣经》bicycle n.自行车，脚踏车big a.大的，巨大的bike n.自行车vi.骑自行车bill n.账单；招贴；票据billion num.万亿(英)bind vet.捆绑；包扎；装钉biology n.生物学；生态学bird n.鸟，禽birth n.分娩，出生；出身birthday n.生日，诞生的日期Biscuit n. (英) 饼干；(美) 软饼bit n.一点，一些，小片bite vet.咬，叮，螫；剌穿bitter a.痛苦的；严寒的bitterly ad.苦苦地；悲痛地black a.黑色的；黑暗的blackboard n.黑板blade n.刀刃，刀片；叶片blame vet.责备，把…归咎于blank a.空白的n.空白blanket n.毛毯，毯子，羊毛毯blast n.爆炸，冲击波vet.炸blaze n.火；闪光vi.燃烧bleed vi.出血，流血；泌脂Blend VT. &VI. &n.混和bless vet.为…祝福blind a.瞎的；盲目的block n.街区vet.堵塞，拦阻blood n.血，血液；血统bloom n.花；开花，开花期blossom n.花，开花vi.开花blow vi.吹，吹动；吹响blue a.蓝色的n.蓝色board n.板vet.上(船、车等)boast vi.自夸vet.吹嘘boat n.小船，艇；渔船body n.身体；主体；尸体boil vi.沸腾；汽化vet.煮沸bold a.大胆的；冒失的bolt n.螺栓；插销vet.闩门.bomb n.炸弹vet.轰炸bond n.联结，联系；公债bone n.骨，骨骼book n.书，书籍vet.预定boot n.靴子，长统靴booth n.货摊；公用电话亭border n.边，边缘；边界bore vet.使厌烦；钻，挖born a.天生的；出生的borrow vet.借，借用，借人bosom n.胸，胸部；内心boss n.老板，上司vet.指挥both pron.两者(都)bother vet.烦扰，迷惑n.麻烦bottle n.瓶，酒瓶；一瓶bottom n.底，底部，根基bough n.树枝bounce vi.反跳，弹起；跳起bound a.一定的；有义务的boundary n.分界线，办界bow n.弓；蝴蝶结；鞠躬bowl n.碗，钵；碗状物box n.箱，盒；包箱box vi.拳击，打拳boy n.男孩，少年；家伙brain n.脑，脑髓；脑力brake n.闸，刹车vi.制动branch n.树枝；分部；分科brand n.商品；烙印vet.铭刻brandy n.白兰地酒brass n.黄铜；黄铜器brave a.勇敢的，华丽的bread n.面包；食物，粮食breadth n.宽度，幅度；幅面break vet.打破；损坏；破坏breakfast n.早饭，早餐breast n.乳房；胸脯，胸膛breath n.气息，呼吸；气味breathe vi.呼吸vet.呼吸breed n.品种vet.使繁殖breeze n.微风，和风brick n.砖，砖块；砖状物bridge n.桥，桥梁；桥牌brief a.简短的；短暂的.bright a.明亮的；聪明的brighten vet.使发光；使快活brilliant a.光辉的；卓越的brim n.边，边缘；帽沿bring vet.带来；引出；促使brisk a.活泼的；清新的bristle n.短而硬的毛；鬃毛Britain n.不列颠，英国British a.不列颠的，英联邦的brittle a.脆的；易损坏的broad a.宽的，阔的；广泛的broadcast n.广播，播音broken a.被打碎的，骨折的bronze n.青铜；青铜制品brood n.同窝幼鸟vet.孵(蛋)brook n.小河，溪流broom n.扫帚brother n.兄弟；同事，同胞brow n.额；眉，眉毛brown n.褐色，棕色bruise n.青肿，伤痕；擦伤brush n.刷子，毛刷；画笔brute n.禽兽，畜生bubble n.泡vi.冒泡，沸腾bucket n.水桶；吊桶；铲斗bud n.芽，萌芽；蓓蕾build vet.建筑；建立；创立building n.建筑物，大楼；建筑bulb n.电灯泡；球状物bulk n.物体，容积，大批bull n.公牛；雄的象bullet n.枪弹，子弹，弹丸bunch n.束，球，串；一群bundle n.捆，包，束；包袱burden n.担子，重担；装载量bureau n.局，司，处；社，所burn vi.烧，燃烧n.烧伤burst vet.使爆裂vi.&n.爆炸bury vet.埋葬，葬；埋藏bus n.公共汽车bush n.灌木，灌木丛，矮树business n.商业，生意；事务busy a.忙的，繁忙的but conj.但是，可是.butcher n.屠夫；屠杀者butter n.黄油；奶油butterfly n.蝴蝶button n.扣子；按钮vet.扣紧buy vet.买，购买vi.买by prep.在…旁；被，由大学英语四级考试大纲词汇表Ccabbage n.洋白菜，卷心菜cabin n.小屋；船舱，机舱cabinet n.橱，柜；内阁cable n.缆，索；电缆；电报cafe n.咖啡馆；小餐厅cafeteria n.自助食堂cage n.笼；鸟笼，囚笼cake n.饼，糕，蛋糕calculate vet.计算；估计；计划calculation n.计算，计算结果calculator n.计算器，计算者calendar n.日历，历书；历法call vet.把…叫做；叫，喊calm a.静的，平静的camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机，摄影机camp n.野营，营地，兵营campaign n.战役；运动campus n.校园，学校场地can ex.能，会，可能can n.罐头，听头；容器Canada n.加拿大Canadian a.加拿大的canal n.运河；沟渠；管cancel vet.取消，撤消；删去cancer n.癌，癌症，肿瘤candidate n.候选人；投考者candle n.蜡烛；烛形物；烛光candy n.糖果；砂糖结晶.cannon n.大炮，火炮；榴弹炮canoe n.独木舟，皮艇，划子canteen n.小卖部；临时餐室canvas n.粗帆布；一块油画布cap n.帽子，便帽；帽状物capable a.有能力的，有才能的capacity n.容量；能力；能量capital n.资本，资金；首都captain n.陆军上尉；队长captive n.俘虏，被监禁的人capture vet.捕获，俘获；夺得car n.汽车，小汽车，轿车carbon n.碳card n.卡，卡片，名片care vi.关心，介意n.小心career n.生涯，职业，经历careful a.仔细的；细致的careless a.粗心的，漫不经心的cargo n.船货，货物carpenter n.木工，木匠carpet n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯carriage n.客车厢；四轮马车carrier n.运输工具；运载工具carrot n.胡罗卜carry vet.携带；运载；传送cart n.二轮运货马车carve vet.刻，雕刻；切开case n.情况；事实；病例case n.箱(子)，盒(子)，套cash n.现金，现款cassette n.盒式录音带；盒子cast vet.投，扔，抛；浇铸castle n.城堡；巨大建筑物casual a.偶然的；随便的cat n.猫，猫科，猫皮catalog n.目录，目录册catch vet.捉住；赶上；领会cathedral n.总教堂；大教堂cattle n.牛；牲口，家畜cause n.原因，理由；事业cave n.山洞，洞穴，窑洞Cease VI. &VI. &n.停止，停息ceiling n.天花板，顶蓬celebrate vet.庆祝；歌颂，赞美.cell n.细胞；小房间cellar n.地窑，地下室cement n.水泥；胶泥vet.粘结cent n.分；分币；百centigrade a.百分度的centimeter n.公分，厘米central a.中心的；主要的centre n.中心；中枢vet.集中century n.世纪，百年ceremony n.典礼，仪式；礼节certain a.确实的；肯定的certainly ad.一定，必定；当然certainty n.必然；肯定certificate n.证书，证件，执照chain n.链，链条，项圈chair n.椅子；主席chairman n.主席；议长，会长chalk n.白垩；粉笔challenge n.挑战；要求，需要chamber n.会议室；房间；腔champion n.冠军，得胜者chance n.机会，机遇；可能性change n.改变，变化；零钱channel n.海峡；渠道；频道chapter n.章，回，篇character n.性格；特性；角色characteristic a.特有的n.特性charge vet.索价；控告n.费用charity n.施舍；慈善事业charming a.迷人的，可爱的chart n.图，图表；海图chase n.追逐，追赶，追求cheap a.廉价的；劣质的cheat vet.骗取；哄vi.行骗check vet.检查；制止n.检查cheek n.面颊，脸蛋cheer vet.使振作；欢呼cheerful a.快乐的，愉快的cheese n.乳酪，干酪chemical a.化学的n.化学制品chemist n.化学家；药剂师chemistry n.化学cherub n.支票cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树.chess n.棋；国际象棋chest n.胸腔，胸膛；箱子chew vet.咀嚼，嚼碎chicken n.小鸡，小鸟；鸡肉chief a.主要的；首席的child n.小孩，儿童；儿子childhood n.童年，幼年；早期childish a.孩子的；幼稚的chill vet.使变冷n.寒冷chimney n.烟囱，烟筒；玻璃罩chin n.颏，下巴China n.中国china n.瓷器，瓷料Chinese a.中国的n.中国人chocolate n.巧克力；巧克力糖choice n.选择，抉择choke vet.使窒息；塞满choose vet.选择，挑选；情愿chop vet.砍，劈；切细vi.砍Christian n.基督教徒；信徒Christmas n.圣诞节church n.教堂，礼拜堂；教会cigarette n.香烟，纸烟，卷烟cinema n.电影院；电影，影片circle n.圆，圆周；圈子circuit n.电路；环行；巡行circular a.圆的；循环的circulate vet.使循环vi.循环circumference n.圆周，周长，圆周线circumstance n.情况，条件；境遇citizen n.公民；市民，居民city n.城市，都市civil a.公民的；文职的civilization n.文明，文化；开化civilize vet.使文明；教育claim vet.声称，主张；索取clap vi.拍手vet.拍，轻拍clarify vet.澄清，阐明clasp n.扣子，钩子；别针class n.班，班级；阶级classical a.古典的；经典的classification n.分类；分级；分类法classify vet.把…分类classmate n.同班同学.classroom n.教室，课堂claw n.爪，脚爪，螯clay n.粘土，泥土；肉体clean a.清洁的；纯洁的clear a.清晰的vet.清除clearly ad.明白地，清晰地clerk n.店员；办事员，职员clever a.聪明的；机敏的cliff n.悬崖，峭壁climate n.气候；风土，地带climb vi.攀登，爬vet.爬cloak n.斗篷；覆盖(物)clock n.钟，仪表close vet.关，闭；结束closely ad.紧密地，接近地cloth n.布；衣料；桌布clothe vet.给…穿衣服clothes n.衣服，服装；被褥clothing n.衣服，被褥cloud n.云；云状物；阴影cloudy a.多云的；云一般的club n.俱乐部，夜总会clue n.线索，暗示，提示clumsy a.笨拙的；愚笨的coach n.长途公共汽车coal n.煤，煤块coarse a.粗的，粗糙的coast n.海岸，海滨(地区)coat n.外套，上衣；表皮cock n.公鸡；雄禽；旋塞code n.准则；法典；代码coffee n.咖啡，咖啡茶Coil n. (一) 卷；线圈vet.卷coin n.硬币；铸造(硬币)cold a.冷的；冷淡的n.冷collapse vi.倒坍；崩溃，瓦解collar n.衣领，项圈colleague n.同事，同僚collect vet.收集vi.收款collection n.搜集，收集；收藏品collective a.集体的；集合性的college n.学院；大学collision n.碰撞；冲突colonel n.陆军上校；中校.colony n.殖民地；侨居地color n.颜色，彩色；颜料column n.柱，支柱，圆柱comb n.梳子vet.梳理combination n.结合，联合；化合combine vet.使结合；兼有come vi.来，来到；出现comfort n.舒适；安慰vet.安慰comfortable a.舒适的，安慰的command vet.命令，指挥；控制commander n.司令官，指挥员comment n.评论，意见；注释commerce n.商业，贸易；社交commercial a.商业的；商品化的commission n.委任状；委员会commit vet.犯(错误);干(坏事)committee n.委员会；全体委员common a.普通的；共同的commonly ad.普通地，一般地communicate vi.通讯；传达；传播communication n.通讯；传达；交通communism n.共产主义communist n.共产党员community n.社区；社会；公社companion n.同伴；共事者；伴侣company n.公司，商号；同伴comparative a.比较的，相对的compare vet.比较，对照；比作comparison n.比较，对照；比似compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规compel vet.强迫，迫使屈服compete vi.比赛；竞争；对抗competent a.有能力的；应该做的competition n.竞争，比赛compile vet.编辑，编制，搜集complain vi.抱怨，拆苦；控告complaint n.抱怨；怨言；控告complete a.完整的；完成的completely ad.十分，完全地complex a.结合的；复杂的complicate vet.使复杂；使陷入complicated a.复杂的，难懂的component n.组成部分；分；组件compose vet.组成，构成；创作.composition n.构成；作品；写作compound n.化合物；复合词comprehension n.理解，理解力；领悟comprehensive a.广泛的；理解的compress vet.压紧，压缩comprise vet.包含，包括；构成compromise n.妥协，和解compute vet.计算，估计，估算computer n.计算机，电脑comrade n.同志，亲密的同伴conceal vet.把…隐藏起来concentrate vet.集中；聚集；浓缩concentration n.集中；专注；浓缩concept n.概念，观念，设想concern n.关心，挂念；关系concerning prep.关于concert n.音乐会，演奏会conclude vet.推断出；结束conclusion n.结论，推论；结尾concrete n.混凝土；具体物condemn vet.谴责，指责；判刑condense vet.压缩，使缩短condition n.状况，状态；环境conduct n.举止，行为；指导conductor n.售票员；(乐队)指挥conference n.会议，讨论会confess vet.供认，承认；坦白confidence n.信任；信赖；信心confident n.确信的，自信的confine vet.限制；禁闭confirm vet.证实，肯定；批准conflict n.争论；冲突；斗争confuse vet.使混乱，混淆confusion n.混乱；骚乱；混淆congratulate vet.祝贺，向…道喜congratulation n.祝贺；祝贺词congress n.大会；国会，议会conjunction n.接合，连接；连接词connect vet.连接，连结；联系connection n.连接，联系；连贯性conquer vet.征服，战胜；破除conquest n.攻取，征服；克服conscience n.良心，道德心conscious a.意识到的；有意的.consciousness n.意识，觉悟；知觉consent n.同意，赞成vi.同意consequence n.结果，后果consequently ad.因此，因而，所以conservation n.保存，保护；守恒conservative a.保守的n.保守的人consider vet.认为；考虑；关心considerable a.相当大的；重要的considerate a.考虑周到的；体谅的consideration n.考虑，思考；体贴consist vi.由…组成；在于consistent a.坚持的，一贯的constant a.经常的；永恒的constitution n.章程；体质；构造construct vet.建造；建设；构筑construction n.建造；建筑；建筑物consult vet.请教，查阅consume vet.消耗，消费；消灭consumption n.消耗量；消耗contact vet.使接触；与…联系contain vet.包含，容纳；等于container n.容器；集装箱contemporary a.当代的，同时代的contempt n.轻蔑；藐视；受辱content n.内容，目录；容量content a.满意的，满足的contest vet.争夺，争取；辩驳continent n.大陆；陆地；洲continual a.不断的；连续的continue vet.继续，连续；延伸continuous a.连续不断的，持续的contract n.契约，合同；婚约contradiction n.矛盾，不一致；否认contrary a.相反的n.相反contrast n.对比，对照，悬殊contribute vet.捐献，捐助；投稿control vet.控制，克制n.控制convenience n.便利，方便；厕所convenient a.便利的；近便的convention n.习俗，惯例；公约conventional a.普通的；习惯的conversation n.会话，非正式会谈conversely ad.相反地conversion n.转变，转化；改变.convert vet.使转变；使改变convey vet.传送；运送；传播convince vet.使确信，使信服cook vet.烹调，煮vet.烧菜cool a.凉的，冷静的cooperate vi.合作，协作；配合coordinate vet.使协调，调节cope vi.对付，应付copper n.铜；铜币，铜制器copy n.抄件vet.抄写，复制cord n.细绳，粗线，索cordial a.真诚的，诚恳的core n.果实的心，核心corn n.谷物；(英)小麦corner n.角；犄角；边远地区corporation n.公司，企业；社团correct a.正确的vet.纠正correction n.改正，纠正，修改correspond vi.相符合；相当correspondent n.通信者；通讯员corresponding a.相应的；符合的corridor n.走廊，回廊，通路cost n.价格，代价；成本costly a.昂贵的；价值高的cottage n.村舍，小屋cotton n.棉；棉线；棉布cough vi.咳，咳嗽n.咳嗽Could ex. (can的过去式)council n.理事会，委员会count vet.计算vi.数，计数counter n.柜台；计数器country n.国家，国土；农村countryside n.乡下，农村county n.英国的郡，美国的县couple n.夫妇；(一)对；几个courage n.勇气，胆量，胆识course n.课程；过程；一道菜court n.法院，法庭；庭院cousin n.堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹)cover vet.盖，包括n.盖子cow n.母牛，奶牛；母兽coward n.懦夫；胆怯者crack n.裂缝，裂纹vi.爆裂craft n.工艺；手艺，行业.crane n.起重机，摄影升降机crash vi.碰撞，坠落n.碰撞crawl vi.爬，爬行crazy a.疯狂的，荒唐的cream n.奶油，乳脂；奶油色create vet.创造；引起，产生creative a.创造性的，创作的creature n.生物，动物，家畜credit n.信用贷款；信用creep vi.爬行；缓慢地行进crew n.全体船员cricket n.板球；蟋蟀crime n.罪，罪行；犯罪criminal n.犯人，罪犯，刑事犯cripple n.跛子；残废的人crisis n.危机；存亡之际critic n.批评家，爱挑剔的人critical a.决定性的；批评的criticism n.批评；批判；评论criticize vet.批评；评论；非难crop n.农作物，庄稼；一熟cross vet.穿过；使交叉crow n.鸦，乌鸦vi.啼crowd n.群；大众；一伙人crown n.王冠，冕；花冠crude a.简陋的；天然的cruel a.残忍的，残酷的crush vet.压碎，碾碎；镇压crust n.面包皮；硬外皮cry vi.哭，哭泣；叫喊crystal n.水晶，结晶体；晶粒cube n.立方形；立方cubic a.立方形的；立方的cucumber n.黄瓜cultivate vet.耕；种植；培养culture n.文化，文明；教养cunning a.狡猾的，狡诈的cup n.杯子；(一)杯；奖杯cupboard n.碗柜，碗碟橱；食橱cure vet.医治；消除n.治愈curiosity n.好奇，好奇心；珍品curious a.好奇的；稀奇古怪的curl n.卷毛；螺旋vi.卷曲current a.当前的；通用的.curse n.诅咒，咒骂；天谴curtain n.帘，窗帘；幕(布)curve n.曲线；弯vet.弄弯cushion n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫custom n.习惯，风俗；海关customer n.顾客，主顾cut vet.切，割，剪；减少cycle n自行车，循环大学英语四级考试大纲词汇表Ddaily a.每日的n.日报dairy n.牛奶场；乳制品dam n.水坝，水堤；障碍物damage vet.损害，毁坏n.损害damp a.潮湿的，有湿气的dance vi.跳舞；摇晃n.舞danger n.危险；危险事物dangerous a.危险的，不安全的Dare VT. &aux.v.敢；竟敢daring a.大胆的，勇敢的dark a.暗的；黑色的darling n.亲爱的人；宠儿dash vet.使猛撞；溅n.猛冲data n.数据; 资料date n.日期vet.注…日期daughter n.女儿dawn n.黎明；开端vi.破晓Day n. (一) 天，白昼，白天daylight n.白昼，日光；黎明dead a.死的，无生命的deadly a.致命的，死一般的deal n.买卖；待遇vet.给予dear a.亲爱的int.啊death n.死，死亡；灭亡Debate n. &vi.争论，辩论debt n.债，债务，欠债decade n.十年，十年期decay vi.腐烂；衰败n.腐烂deceit n.欺骗，欺诈deceive vet.欺骗，蒙蔽，行骗December n.十二月decent a.正派的；体面的decide vet.决定，决心；解决decision n.决定，决心；果断deck n.甲板；舱面；层面declare vet.断言；声明；表明decorate vet.装饰，装璜，修饰decrease vi.&n.减少，减少deduce vet.演绎，推论，推断deed n.行为；功绩；契约deep a.深的；纵深的deepen vet.加深vi.深化deer n.鹿defeat vet.战胜，击败；挫败defect n.缺点，缺陷，欠缺defence n.防御；防务；辩护defend vet.保卫，防守define vet.给…下定义；限定definite a.明确的；肯定的definitely ad.一定地，明确地definition n.定义，释义；定界degree n.程度；度；学位delay vet.推迟；耽搁；延误delete vet.删除；擦掉delegation n.代表团delicate a.纤细的；易碎的delicious a.美味的，怡人的delight n.快乐vet.使高兴deliver vet.投递，送交；发表delivery n.投递；交付；分娩demand vet.要求；需要；询问democracy n.民主，民主制democratic a.民主的，民主政体的demonstrate vet.说明；论证；表露density n.密集，稠密；密度deny vet.否定；拒绝相信depart vi.离开，起程；出发department n.部，司，局，处，系departure n.离开，出发，起程depend vi.依靠，依赖；相信dependent a.依靠的，依赖的deposit vet.使沉淀；存放depress vet.使沮丧；按下depth n.深度；深厚；深处derive vet.取得vi.起源descend vi.下来，下降；下倾describe vet.形容；描写，描绘description n.描写，形容；种类desert n.沙漠vet.离弃；擅离deserve vet.应受，值得design vet.设计n.设计；图样desirable a.值得相望的；可取的desire vet.相望；要求n.愿望desk n.书桌，办公桌despair n.绝望vi.绝望desperate a.拼死的；绝望的despise vet.鄙视，蔑视despite prep.不管，不顾destination n.目的地，终点；目标destroy vet.破坏；消灭；打破destruction n.破坏，毁灭，消灭detail n.细节；枝节；零件detect vet.察觉，发觉；侦察detection n.察觉，发觉；侦察determination n.决心；决定；确定determine vet.决定；查明；决心develop vet.发展；形成；开发development n.发展；开发；生长device n.器械，装置；设计devil n.魔鬼，恶魔devise vet.设计，发明devote vet.将…奉献，致力于dew n.露，露水diagram n.图解，图表，简图dial n.钟面；拨号盘vet.拨dialect n.方言，土语，地方话dialog n.对话，对白.diameter n.直径diamond n.金钢石，钻石；菱形diary n.日记，日记簿dictate vt.&vi.口授；命令dictation n.口授笔录，听写dictionary n.词典，字典die vi.死，死亡；灭亡differ vi.不同，相异difference n.差别；差；分歧different a.差异的；各种的difficult a.困难的；难对付的difficulty a.困难；难事；困境dig vet.掘，挖；采掘digest vet.消化；领会n.文摘digital a.数字的，计数的diligent a.勤勉的，勤奋的dim a.昏暗的；朦胧的dimension n.尺寸，尺度；面积dinner n.正餐，主餐；宴会dip vet.浸，蘸vi.浸一浸direct a.直接的；直率的direction n.方向，方位；指导directly ad.直接地；立即director n.指导者；理事；导演dirt n.尘，土；污物，污垢dirty a.脏的；下流的disable vet.使无能，使伤残disadvantage n.不利，不利地位disagree vi.有分歧；不一致disappear vi.不见，失踪；消失disappoint vet.使失望，使受挫折disaster n.灾难，灾祸；天灾disk n.圆盘，唱片；磁盘discard vet.丢弃，抛弃，遗弃discharge vet.释放；排出n.释放discipline n.纪律；训练vet.训练disclose vet.揭开，揭发；透露discourage vet.使泄气，使灰心discover vet.发现；暴露，显示discovery n.发现；被发现的事物discuss vet.讨论，谈论；论述discussion n.讨论，谈论；论述disease n.病，疾病；病害disguise vi.隐瞒，掩埋n.假装.disgust n.厌恶，憎恶dish n.碟，盘子；菜肴dishonour n.不光彩；丢脸的人dislike vt.&n.不喜爱，厌恶dismiss vet.不再考虑；解雇disorder n.混乱，杂乱；骚乱display vet.陈列，展览；显示disposal n.丢掉，处理，销毁dispose vi.去掉，丢掉；销毁displease vet.使不愉快，使生气dispute vi.争论，争执n.争论dissatisfy vi.使不满，使不平dissolve vet.使溶解；解散distance n.距离，间距；远处distant a.在远处的，疏远的distinct a.与其他不同的distinction n.差别，不同，区分distinguish vet.区别，辨别，认别distress n.忧虑，悲伤；不幸distribute vet.分发，分送；分布distribution n.分发，分配；分布district n.区；地区，区域disturb vet.打扰，扰乱；弄乱ditch n.沟，沟渠，渠道dive vi.跳水；潜水；俯冲diverse a.不一样的，相异的divide vet.分；分配；分开division n.分，分配；除法divorce n.离婚，离异vi.离婚do aux.v. vet.做，干，办dock n.船坞；码头；船厂doctor n.医生，医师；博士document n.公文，文件；证件dog n.狗，犬，犬科动物dollar n.元(货币单位)domestic a.本国的；家庭的donkey n.驴；笨蛋door n.门，通道；一家dorm n.宿舍dormitory n.集体寝室；宿舍dose n.剂量，用量；一剂dot n.点，圆点vet.打点于double a.两倍的；双的doubt n.怀疑；疑虑vet.怀疑.doubtful a.难以预测的；怀疑的doubtless ad.无疑地；很可能down ad.向下，在下面downstairs ad.在楼下a.楼下的downward a.向下的ad.向下地dozen n.一打，十二个draft n.草稿；汇票vet.起草drag vet.拖，拉；拖曳dragon n.龙；凶暴的人drain vet.排去；放水n.耗竭drama n.一出戏剧，剧本dramatic a.引人注目的，戏剧的draw vet.画，划；拖；拨出drawer n.抽屉drawing n.图画，素描；绘图dread n.畏惧；恐怖vet.惧怕dream n.梦；梦想vi.做梦dress n.女服，童装；服装drift vi.漂流，漂泊n.漂流drill n.钻头；操练vi.钻孔drink vet.饮vi.喝n.饮料drip vi.滴下；漏水n.水滴drive vet.驾驶；打入；驱driver n.驾驶员，司机drop vet.使落下；降低drought n.旱灾，干旱drown vi.淹死，溺死drug n.药，药物，药材drum n.鼓；鼓状物，圆桶drunk a.醉的；陶醉的dry a.干的，干燥的duck n.鸭，雌鸭；鸭肉due a.预期的；应给的dull a.枯燥的；不鲜明的dumb a.哑的；无言的dump vet.倾卸，倾倒；倾销durable a.耐久的，耐用的duration n.持续，持久during prep.在…期间dusk n.薄暮，黄昏，幽暗dust n.尘土，灰尘duty n.职责；责任；税dwelling n.住处，寓所dye vet.染n.染料；染色。
【大学英语】全国大学英语四级考试大纲（2016修订版）【最新精选】
全国大学英语四级考试大纲（2006修订版）Syllabus for College English Test 42005年6月四、六级考试开始采用新的计分体制和成绩报道方式，同年9月项目组和考试委员会公布了改革后四级考试的样题，2006年6月进行了全国范围的试点，并在此基础上完成了对大学英语四级考试大纲的修订。
公布《大学英语四级考试大纲（2006修订版）》的目的是使广大师生了解改革后四级考试的考试目的、考试内容、考试形式、考核的语言技能与要求，以及新的成绩报道体系和分数解释。
在试卷构成上，对四级考试进行的改革主要体现在以下方面：一、听力理解部分的分值比例从原来的20%提高至35%；增加了长对话听力理解测试，复合式听写由原来的备选题型改为必考题型。
二、阅读理解部分增加了快速阅读技能测试。
三、词汇和语法知识不再单独列为考项，而融入了其他各部分试题中进行考核。
四、增加了句子层面的汉译英测试。
五、增加了构建型试题的比例，减少了多项选择题的比例。
根据对考试改革进程的要求，2007年1月将全面实施改革后的四级考试，同年6月将全面实施改革后六级考试。
鉴于口语能力在国际交流中的重要性，考试委员会正在现行的大学英语四、六级口语考试（CET-SET）的基础上积极研究开发适用于大规模实施的口语考试的新形式。
大学英语四、六级考试的改革是一项复杂的系统工程，也是一个不断完善的过程。
考试委员会将不断研究和开发既能检测大学生英语综合应用能力、又适合大规模标准化考试的新题型，研究四、六级考试对教学的影响，使其更好地为大学英语教学服务。
一、总则1、大学英语考试目的大学英语考试（CET，通称“四、六级考试”）是在教育部高等教育司的主持和领导下、由大学英语四、六级委员会设计和开发、与教育部考试中心共同实施的一项大规模标准化考试，每年举行两次。
考试对象为修完大学英语相应阶段课程的在校大学生。
《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》（以下简称《教学要求》）规定，大学英语课程是高校非英语专业大学生的一门重要的必修基础课程，其教学目标是培养学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流。
《英语四级考试》课程教学大纲
《英语四级考试》课程教学大纲一、教师或教学团队信息二、课程基本信息课程名称（中文）：英语四级考试课程名称（英文）：Language Test for English Majors 4课程类别：□通识必修课□通识选修课□专业必修课 专业方向课□专业拓展课□实践性环节课程性质*：□学术知识性 方法技能性□研究探索性□实践体验性课程代码：周学时：2 总学时：46 学分: 3先修课程：综合英语英语语法授课对象：二年级英语师范专业和英语专业三、课程简介本课程为英语专业二年级专业方向课，旨在全面培养和提高学生完成英语专业四级全真考试的答题能力，检验学生是否达到教学大纲所规定的各项要求，提高学生运用各项基本语言技能的能力以及检验学生对语法结构和词语用法的掌握程度。
专四考试含有写作及听写部分为主观试题，其余部分为多项选择题形式，考试旨在较好地测试学生灵活运用语言的能力。
本课程以历年全真题集和模拟试题集为主要教学资料，对学生进行听写、听力填空、听力、完型、语法与词汇、阅读和作文能力的培养和训练，使学生能顺利通过全国英语专业四级考试。
四、课程目标（一）听写：要求学生在全面理解内容的基础上逐字逐句写出全篇短文，拼写和标点符号正确无误。
（二）听力：要求学生能听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活、社会生活的交谈，能理解听力的中心大意，抓住主要论点或情节，能根据所听材料进行推理和分析。
（三）完型：要求学生在全面理解所给短文内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。
（四）语法与词汇：要求学生能灵活正确运用教学大纲语法结构表一级至四级的全部内容；要求学生熟练掌握教学大纲词汇表对一级至四级规定的5000--6000个认识词汇中的2000--2500个词汇及其基本的词组搭配。
（五）阅读：要求学生能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论，既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文的逻辑关系并且根据要求回答问题。
最新版四六级大纲词汇表完整版(2016年更新)
abandon
★ abb
r
ev
i
a
t
i
on
★ ab
i
de
ab
l
e
★ abno
rma
l
aboa
r
d
abo
l
i
s
h
★ abo
r
t
abou
t
above
★ ab
r
ea
s
t
ab
r
oa
d
★ ab
r
up
t
ab
s
en
t
ab
s
o
l
u
t
e
ab
s
o
r
b
ab
s
t
r
a
c
t
★ ab
s
ur
d
abundan
t
abus
e
a
c
a
demy
advo
c
a
t
e
a
e
r
i
a
l
★a
e
s
t
he
t
i
c
y,s
单独列出,如i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
ng,r
ema
r
k
a
b
l
e,r
e
a
l
l
dv
a
n
c
e
d,p
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
ng
s等.
y,a
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
大学英语考试的作用和影响
1. 大学英语四、六级考试已引起全国 各高等院校及有关教育领导部门对大学 英语教学的重视，调动了师生的积极性。 效度研究的大量统计数据和实验材料证 明大学英语四、六级考试不但信度高， 而且效度高，符合大规模标准化考试的 质量要求，能够按教学大纲的要求反映 我国大学生的英语水平，因此有力地推 动了大学英语教学大纲的贯彻实施，促 进了我国大学英语教学水平的提高。
2007年以后使用新题型
包括：
2012年12月开始实行多题多卷
作文（Writing） 快速阅读（Skimming &scanning） 听力（Listening Comprehension）（包括 8个短对话，2个长对话 ，3 篇短文，1篇复 合式听写） 仔细阅读（Reading in Depth）（1篇选词 {15选10}，2篇短文） 完形填空（Cloze，1篇） 翻译（Translation，5个短句）
2. 大学英语考试每年为我国大学生的英 语水平提供客观的描述。 由于大学英语 四、六级考试广泛采用现代教育统计方法， 分数经过等值处理，因此保持历年考试的 分数意义不变。 3．由于大学英语四、六级考试采用正态 分制，使每次考试后所公布的成绩含有大 量信息，成为各级教育行政部门进行决策 的动态依据，也为各校根据本校实际情况 采取措施提高教学质量提供了反馈信息。
全国大学英语四级考试 备考系列讲座
Hale Waihona Puke 关于CET全国大学英语四、六级考试(CET)系教 育部主办、教育部考试中心主持和实施 的一项大规模标准化考试。自1987年 开始实施以来，四、六级考试已走过了 近三十多年的历程。为顺应我国高等教 育发展的形势，深化大学英语的教学改 革，四、六级考试经历了多次改革和完 善，目前考试内容涵盖听、说、读、写、 译等语言技能。
2013年12月改革和新题型
2016年6月开始使用听力新题型
考试时间从120分钟延长至130分钟 复合式听写调整为单词及词组听写，短文长度及难 度不变 快速阅读变为段落信息匹配题（改革后阅读分为3部 分：选词+信息匹配+2篇短文阅读） 单句翻译变为段落翻译 取消完形填空
1. 取消短对话 2. 取消短文听写 3. 新增短篇新闻(3段)
CET笔试考试时间为每年6月和12月， CET口试考试时间为每年5月和11月。 自2016年12月起，报考同一年度笔试 的考生则具备报考同一级别口语考试资 格。
CET同时设有非英语考试科目，包括日 语四级(CJT4)、日语六级(CJT6)、俄语 四级(CRT4)、俄语六级(CRT6)、德语 四级(CGT4)、德语六级(CGT6)和法语 四级(CFT4)，非英语考试科目每年6月 开考一次，且不含口语考核环节。
考试组织与实施
大学英语四、六级考试作为一项全国性 的教学考试由“国家教育部高教司”主 办，分为四级考试 (CET-4) 和六级考试 (CET-6)，每年各举行两次。从2005年 1月起，报道成绩满分为710分，凡考 试成绩在220分以上的考生，由国家教 育部高教司委托“全国大学英语四六级 考试委员会”发给成绩单。
四、翻译： 汉译英 15% 30分钟 =106.5分
宏观备考策略：读、写、背
1. 了解考试
2.复习备考 夯实基础：词汇、 语法 阅读、听力、写作、翻译 真题强化：真题！真题！真题！ 模拟冲刺
3. 轻松应对
试题结构和题型构成
一、作文
写作部分占整套试卷的15% =106.5分 时间：30分钟 在这部分你要达到63.9分为及格。
二、听力
听力部分占整套试题的35%=248.5分 ，除听力篇章外每 个题都是7.1分。 1、3段短篇新闻 7% 共7小题，每小题7.1分。 2 、2段长对话 8% 8个题目 每小题7.1分。 3、3篇听力篇章 20% 共10个小题，每小题14.2分。 时间：25分钟。在这部分你要达到149分为及格，做对 14个左右即可。
4．大学英语四、六级考试从命题、审 题、考务组织、统计分析到成绩发布已 形成一套完整的制度，是一项组织得较 好的、严格按照标准化考试质量要求进 行的大规模考试。
5．大学英语考试已经得到社会的承认， 目前已经成为各级人事部门录用大学毕 业生的标准之一，产生了一定的社会效 益。
CET考试大纲(2016年修订版)
大学英语四、六级考试目前的组织结构如 下： 由国家教育部任命成立“全国大学英语四、 六级考试委员会”，考试委员会由全国若 干重点大学的有关教授和专家组成， 设 顾问二人，主任委员一人，副主任委员若 干人，专业委员会委 员和咨询委员会委 员各若干人。全国大学英语四、六级考试 委员会在学术上、组织上对大学英语考试 负 责。部分考务工作由“教育部考试中 心”负责。
三、阅读理解 35% =248.5分
阅读部分占整套试题的35%，选词填空 每题3.55分，其余每题都是7.1分。 1、选词填空 5% 10个题，每小题3.55 分。 2、长篇阅读 10% 10个题，每小题7.1 分。 3、仔细阅读 20% 10个题 共2篇，一篇 5个题，每小题14.2分。 时间：40分钟 在这部分你要达到149分 为及格，做对18个左右即可。
CET-4/6
College English Test Band 4/6
大学英语考试的性质
大学英语考试是教育部主管的一项全国 性的教学考试，其目的是对大学生的实 际英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为 大学英语教学提供服务。 大学英语考试是一项大规模标准化 考试，在设计上必须满足教育测量理论 对大规模标准化考试的质量要求，是一 个“标准关联的常模参照测验”。
考试时间及流程
一、2018年12月英语四级考试(笔试) 时间：
12月15日
二、英语四级考试流程安排
CET4听力时间为25分钟。 考试起止时间调整为9:00-11:20。考试时长： 125分钟） 8：40——9：00试音时间 9：00——9：10阅读考场注意事项，发放考卷， 贴条形码 9：10——9：40 作文考试阶段 9：40——10：05 听力测试 10：05——10：10 考试暂停5分钟，收答题卡 一(即作文和听力) 听力结束后完成剩余考项(阅读和翻译) 11：20全部考试结束。