现代大学英语精读三Unit-1-1ppt课件
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现代大学英语精读3Unit1市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件
第21页
para7
internalize: to make faith, value, morals, attitudes, behavior, language etc. part of your nature by learning or assimilating them unconsciously.
第10页
First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda.
anxiety: They are anxious because they are eager to please their parents.
mistrust: They sometimes feel unhappy because they think their parents are not fair to them.
第1页
What is the main idea of para1?
Many key changes happen to college students during their college years.
第2页
What can you learn from para1?
Three expressions of “Have you thought about…？”
para7
internalize: to make faith, value, morals, attitudes, behavior, language etc. part of your nature by learning or assimilating them unconsciously.
第10页
First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda.
anxiety: They are anxious because they are eager to please their parents.
mistrust: They sometimes feel unhappy because they think their parents are not fair to them.
第1页
What is the main idea of para1?
Many key changes happen to college students during their college years.
第2页
What can you learn from para1?
Three expressions of “Have you thought about…？”
现代大学英语精读第3册lesson 1课件
What does “it” refer to? What does “to heighten” mean?
“It” here refers to the word “struggle” in the previous sentence. “to heighten” means to become stronger or intensified.
Background Information
This text is addressed to college students about what they will experience in their “college years”. It is particularly appropriate now as we are just beginning the second academic year, which is the most important in our college life. With our first year’s experience we can better understand the issues involved and the effective ways to deal with them.
Structure of the Text Part I (para.1-4): theoretical analysis on adolescent’s developmental changes Part II (para.5-9): specific changes that college students would face Part III (para.10): brief summary of importance of college time
现代大学英语(精读)笫三册——lesson(1).ppt
(2)reflective通过用词来折射 ◎The nation that sent more than 9 million people to college on the GI Bill is now pricing a college education out of reach of its young people. Instead, we have spawned(造就)an unskilled, poorly educated class that requires extensive social support and contributes little to the economy.
To a kid, a savings account is just a black hole that swallows birthday checks.
Dragging Space and Time The results of two studies announced in early November 1997 provide unprecedented support for “frame-dragging,” a concept predicted by physicist Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. Frame-dragging describes how massive objects actually distort space and time around themselves as they rotate. One of the studies examined frame-dragging around black holes, an example of which is shown here in an artist's conception.
现代大学英语精读1-Unit3ppt课件
Unit 3
Author
Background
Genre
.
WB TR
Background
Author
His Life
• Born in a remote Esarn village in Thailand • First language Lao • Temple boy in Bangkok at 14 • Thailand’s top university • Scholarship to New Zealand to study English • 30-year odyssey through New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong, the UK, Germany, and Switzerland • Retired to a solitary life in his home village in 1997, helping needy students and teachers in a private school with funds set up by himself
2. The woman loved her children dearly and was very concerned about their life away from home, while her husband did not care a bit.
3. The villagers used to grow their own food, make their own crafts, and dig their own well, but now they have to hire people to do everything.
现代大学英语精读lesson3-PPT课件
Writing Techniques
1) Analogy : the comparison of two seemingly unlike things for the purpose of illustration. The comparison is possible because the two have something in common. (Para 4) Eg: Military strategy may bear some similarity to the chessboard. 2) Rhetorical Questions (Para 2) 3) Selective Use of Repetition (Para 6) 4) Frequent use of Statistical information
Suggested Answer
What do you think can be attributed to a constant increase in crime nowadays?
poverty (Poverty is the mother of crime.) the gap between the rich and the poor poor education the lack of moral power ineffective legislation the lack of effective enforcement of laws
1. How to support an argument 1) by express your opinion clearly in a topic sentence 2) by giving relevant and accurate reasons or facts as evidence 3) by showing statistical information 4) by giving examples 5) by giving quotations (not in this text)
Unit3 Message of the Land现代大学英语精读1[优质PPT]
![Unit3 Message of the Land现代大学英语精读1[优质PPT]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d30434a0f8c75fbfc77db262.png)
But it suffers from social problems as a result of its rapid growth. It is also one of the world's most popular tourist destinations.
Bangkok
Bangkok is the economic center of Thailand. Tourism is a major source of
17
Thai Buddhism
Buddhism is Thailand's main religion. 94% of Thai people are Buddhist. Buddhism is linked with the historical Indian prince, Siddharta Gautama （ 释 迦 牟 尼 ） , who became the Buddha and reached the enlightenment. Now his teachings are still followed. His teachings say that people suffer because they are attached to material things, to women or men by heart links. These links cause suffer, jealousy and pain. People are never satisfied, i.e. they want more money, more power. The aim of Buddhism is to get rid of these pains and of these links.
Bangkok
Bangkok is the economic center of Thailand. Tourism is a major source of
17
Thai Buddhism
Buddhism is Thailand's main religion. 94% of Thai people are Buddhist. Buddhism is linked with the historical Indian prince, Siddharta Gautama （ 释 迦 牟 尼 ） , who became the Buddha and reached the enlightenment. Now his teachings are still followed. His teachings say that people suffer because they are attached to material things, to women or men by heart links. These links cause suffer, jealousy and pain. People are never satisfied, i.e. they want more money, more power. The aim of Buddhism is to get rid of these pains and of these links.
现代大学英语精读第三册课件lesson.ppt
American civilization is characterized by conservative liberalism （保守的自由主义） of our political life, the pragmatic idealism（实 际的理想主义） of our cerebral life, the emotional rationalism（重感情的理性主义）
Apart from （Besides）these reasons, there is yet another factor.
A cloth: cloth is usually uncountable unless it refers to a piece of this material for special purpose such as a table cloth or a dish cloth.
Hercules（赫丘利） – a hero of strength and bravery（大力神）
Achilles’ heel（致命弱点）- died in Trojan War, a war between Greeks and Trojans started by Sparta’s queen Helen running away with Trojan Prince Paris
beyond
Past or outside the limits, reach为…所不能 及；多于；超出
It's quite beyond me why she married such a heavy smoker.
beyond description无法形容
2. Antonomasia（换称）
Apart from （Besides）these reasons, there is yet another factor.
A cloth: cloth is usually uncountable unless it refers to a piece of this material for special purpose such as a table cloth or a dish cloth.
Hercules（赫丘利） – a hero of strength and bravery（大力神）
Achilles’ heel（致命弱点）- died in Trojan War, a war between Greeks and Trojans started by Sparta’s queen Helen running away with Trojan Prince Paris
beyond
Past or outside the limits, reach为…所不能 及；多于；超出
It's quite beyond me why she married such a heavy smoker.
beyond description无法形容
2. Antonomasia（换称）
现代大学英语精读 Unit PPT课件
think Bob is a plausible character? • Do you think the friendship between Jimmy and Bob would sur vive after Bob’s arrest?
Give reasons to support your point of view.
settlers moved during the 19th century to establish new farms and new cities. In films it is often shown as a place where cowboys and Native Americans fight each other, and where cowboys use guns rather than law to settle arguments. Therefore, a situation where there are no laws or controls is sometimes described as being like the Wild West.
• Jimmy Wells: • The policeman on the beat moved up the avenue impressively(1)…Tr ying
doors as he went, swinging his club with many clever movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eye down the peaceful street, the officer, with his strongly built form and light air of superiority, made a fine picture of guardian of the peace. (2)
Give reasons to support your point of view.
settlers moved during the 19th century to establish new farms and new cities. In films it is often shown as a place where cowboys and Native Americans fight each other, and where cowboys use guns rather than law to settle arguments. Therefore, a situation where there are no laws or controls is sometimes described as being like the Wild West.
• Jimmy Wells: • The policeman on the beat moved up the avenue impressively(1)…Tr ying
doors as he went, swinging his club with many clever movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eye down the peaceful street, the officer, with his strongly built form and light air of superiority, made a fine picture of guardian of the peace. (2)
现代大学英语精读第3册lesson 1(课堂PPT)
Lesson One
Your College Years
1
Consider the following questions:
What’s the difference between middle school life and college life?
What important changes have happened to you? What problems /difficulties have you come cross? Were you happy in the past year? List your progress/success and your loss/failure in
It (suddenly / never) occurs to someone that… It (suddenly / gradually) dawned on someone
that… It struck someone that…
14
2. From adolescence to young adulthood (para.1)
psychological independence (para.4)
1. Functional independence (4 aspects) 2. Attitudinal independence 3. Emotional independence 4. Relationship independence
the past year. Have you had a better understanding of your
strengths and your weakness?
2
Background Information
Your College Years
1
Consider the following questions:
What’s the difference between middle school life and college life?
What important changes have happened to you? What problems /difficulties have you come cross? Were you happy in the past year? List your progress/success and your loss/failure in
It (suddenly / never) occurs to someone that… It (suddenly / gradually) dawned on someone
that… It struck someone that…
14
2. From adolescence to young adulthood (para.1)
psychological independence (para.4)
1. Functional independence (4 aspects) 2. Attitudinal independence 3. Emotional independence 4. Relationship independence
the past year. Have you had a better understanding of your
strengths and your weakness?
2
Background Information
大学英语精读3课件 PPT
➢a date that is celebrated because it is exactly 25 years,50years ect after an important event周年纪念
sensation
➢ a feeling that you get from one of your five senses,especially the sense of touch
大学英语精读3课件
➢ The title‘A Drink in the Passage’
➢ Why a drink? Why in the passage? What does that show?
Oral practice
➢May you offer an example on the importance of communication according to your own experience?
Questions to discuss
➢How come they made such a careless mistake?
➢Do you think the omission was intentional or accidental?
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
➢to separate one group of people from others,esp because they are of a different race,sex,or religion~~integrate
Байду номын сангаас结合，合并
departure
➢ racial /major/significant departure from practice/the ordinary rule/traditional values
sensation
➢ a feeling that you get from one of your five senses,especially the sense of touch
大学英语精读3课件
➢ The title‘A Drink in the Passage’
➢ Why a drink? Why in the passage? What does that show?
Oral practice
➢May you offer an example on the importance of communication according to your own experience?
Questions to discuss
➢How come they made such a careless mistake?
➢Do you think the omission was intentional or accidental?
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
➢to separate one group of people from others,esp because they are of a different race,sex,or religion~~integrate
Байду номын сангаас结合，合并
departure
➢ racial /major/significant departure from practice/the ordinary rule/traditional values
大学英语精读3 Unit 1 课件
arbitrary unfair obstinate extreme
Main Tasks
I. Before Reading
II. Global Reading
IV. After Reading
III. Detailed Reading
Ⅰ. Before Reading
? Pre-reading Activities
? Warm-up Questions
? Background Information
Discuss the following questions with your classmates.
1.Does the police officer maintain justice in solving the case? Give your reasons for either yes or no.
What is the law?
The law is a system of rules that a society or government develops in order to deal with crime, business agreements, and social relationships.
Pre-reading Activity
Reading and talking watching and talking Brainstorming
?
Look at the Cartoons and Make up a Story with your Classmates. 1 2
puppy change
wild dog
precious dog lovely dog
mongrel
Main Tasks
I. Before Reading
II. Global Reading
IV. After Reading
III. Detailed Reading
Ⅰ. Before Reading
? Pre-reading Activities
? Warm-up Questions
? Background Information
Discuss the following questions with your classmates.
1.Does the police officer maintain justice in solving the case? Give your reasons for either yes or no.
What is the law?
The law is a system of rules that a society or government develops in order to deal with crime, business agreements, and social relationships.
Pre-reading Activity
Reading and talking watching and talking Brainstorming
?
Look at the Cartoons and Make up a Story with your Classmates. 1 2
puppy change
wild dog
precious dog lovely dog
mongrel
unit3大学英语精读1(课堂PPT)
Unit 3 The Present
1
Before Reading
2
3
Listening Comprehension
Old folks in America
1. What is the major difference between elderly
people in China and America?
this article?
script
■
4
Our students often point out differences between elderly people in China and America. In China, for example, it is common for three or four g_e_n_e_r1a_t_io_n__s to be living under one roof, whereas in the United States this arrangement is quite rare. The family as a voluntary association of __i_n_d_iv2i_d_u_a_l_s_ who stay together and care for one other is being eroded by many factors in American culture.
7
If younger Americans move around so freely, does that mean their parents often relocate to remain near them? No.
In spite of their _p_o_t_e6n_t_i_a_l_ mobility, most retired parents
1
Before Reading
2
3
Listening Comprehension
Old folks in America
1. What is the major difference between elderly
people in China and America?
this article?
script
■
4
Our students often point out differences between elderly people in China and America. In China, for example, it is common for three or four g_e_n_e_r1a_t_io_n__s to be living under one roof, whereas in the United States this arrangement is quite rare. The family as a voluntary association of __i_n_d_iv2i_d_u_a_l_s_ who stay together and care for one other is being eroded by many factors in American culture.
7
If younger Americans move around so freely, does that mean their parents often relocate to remain near them? No.
In spite of their _p_o_t_e6n_t_i_a_l_ mobility, most retired parents
现代大学英语精读三Unit-1-PPT课件
13
4. 平行结构 在英语中，并列连词and, but, as well as, both…and, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, rather than, as…as 等可连接两个对等的词或对等的结构，我们称之为 平行结构(parallel structure) 。平行结构的要求主要有以下 几个方面。
• what do you think about these differences?
4
While-reading
• New words • Phrases & Grammar • Structure • Style
5
New Words
1. Endeavor v. to try very hard eg. He endeavored to claim himself down but in
pro
ject
forward throw
向前投掷，向前扔，即规
划，计划
向前 投掷，扔
8
6. Option n. a choice you can make in a particular situation
辨析: Option 指特别赋予的进行选择的权利，强调的是进行选择的 自由和权利。 Choice 指运用自己的判断进行选择的机会，权利或能力，强 调的是进行选择的可能性。 Alternative 主要指在相互排斥的两者之间做严格的选择，也 可指在两者以上中进行选择。
A. 所连接的谓语形式必须一致。 eg. He went downtown, brought some books and visited his daughter. (went, bought 和visited 都是用的过去时)
4. 平行结构 在英语中，并列连词and, but, as well as, both…and, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, rather than, as…as 等可连接两个对等的词或对等的结构，我们称之为 平行结构(parallel structure) 。平行结构的要求主要有以下 几个方面。
• what do you think about these differences?
4
While-reading
• New words • Phrases & Grammar • Structure • Style
5
New Words
1. Endeavor v. to try very hard eg. He endeavored to claim himself down but in
pro
ject
forward throw
向前投掷，向前扔，即规
划，计划
向前 投掷，扔
8
6. Option n. a choice you can make in a particular situation
辨析: Option 指特别赋予的进行选择的权利，强调的是进行选择的 自由和权利。 Choice 指运用自己的判断进行选择的机会，权利或能力，强 调的是进行选择的可能性。 Alternative 主要指在相互排斥的两者之间做严格的选择，也 可指在两者以上中进行选择。
A. 所连接的谓语形式必须一致。 eg. He went downtown, brought some books and visited his daughter. (went, bought 和visited 都是用的过去时)
【外研社】现代大学英语_精读3_L1
W
B
T
L
E
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 1 – Your College Years
I.
Text Analysis
In Para. 4
Question:
According to Jeffery A. Hoffman’s observation, there are four distinct aspects to psychological separation from one’s parents. What are they? How do you understand them?
College academic life is a challenge. All students should be aware of how they react to new knowledge and new ways of learning, how they process the knowledge presented to them, and how they organize this knowledge.
In Para. 3
For Reference
W
B
T
L
E
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 1 – Your College Years
I.
Text Analysis
For reference: “it” refers to the independence/dependence struggle. Into the later adolescence stage, young adults tend to become less dependent on, even independent from their parents. For those who choose to enter the work world, they may become financially independent from their parents, while for others entering into college, the struggle seems stronger for they still need their parents’ support, say for money.
现代大学英语精读lesson3知识课件
Structure of the text
Conclusion (Para 10) He restates his argument : getting tough with criminals is not the answer to the crime problem.
Writing techniques
3. afford sb. sth.: (fml.) provide sb. sth.
The job seems to afford her a peculiar satisfaction.
His grandson afforded him his greatest pleasure in his old age.
fasten the lock eg: He locks all the spoils( 赃物 ) in a safe.
Words
go up : rise / increase / ascend
go down : fall/ decline/ decrease/ descend
afford: (usu. used with can /be able to) to be
eg: The University enforces severe punishment to deter cheating in exams.
Harsh punishment didn’t deter piracy.
Words
2) deter sb. from sth./doing sth.: to make sb. decide not to do sth. or continue doing sth. , esp. by making them understand the difficulties and unpleasant results of their actions
现代大学英语精读第3册lesson-1PPT课件
expressing this idea.)
It (suddenly / never) occurs to someone that… It (suddenly / gradually) dawned on someone
that… It struck someone that…
2. From adolescence to young adulthood (para Youth and Crisis, and Gandhi’s Truth.
6. …identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. (para.2)
Other uses of this phrasal verb:
Harry believed that he could go through walls by saying those magic words.
I don’t think this plan will go through the Security
Erik H. Erickson
A Freudian psychologist, most famous for his work in refining and expanding Freud’s theory of developmental stages.
taught at Yale, and Harvard. author of many books including Childhood
anxieties that you go through during adolescence when you are not sure who you really are and what your purpose in life is.
It (suddenly / never) occurs to someone that… It (suddenly / gradually) dawned on someone
that… It struck someone that…
2. From adolescence to young adulthood (para Youth and Crisis, and Gandhi’s Truth.
6. …identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. (para.2)
Other uses of this phrasal verb:
Harry believed that he could go through walls by saying those magic words.
I don’t think this plan will go through the Security
Erik H. Erickson
A Freudian psychologist, most famous for his work in refining and expanding Freud’s theory of developmental stages.
taught at Yale, and Harvard. author of many books including Childhood
anxieties that you go through during adolescence when you are not sure who you really are and what your purpose in life is.
现代大学英语3课件
Lesson One Your College YearsI. Teaching Objectives:After learning this unit, students are supposed to:1)get familiar with some grammatical points;2)get to know what college is designed to be3)get a list of the new words and expressions and be able to use them freely in writing and daily conversation;4) have a thorough understanding of the whole text:Your College Years5) retell the text as a wholeII.Listening and speaking activities1.Listen to the recording of the text and fill in the blanks about the main ideas of the article.2.Talk about the purpose of your college years.III. Reading Comprehension and Language Activities1. Pre-reading discussions:1)Being a college student for more than one year, have you realized your changes?What are they?2)What’s your opinion about the purpose of a college?•Identity Crisis (认同危机)•A) A psychosocial state or condition of disorientation and role confusion occurring especially in adolescents as a result of conflicting internal and external experiences ,pressures, and expectations and often producing acute anxiety . •B) An analogous state of confusion occurring in a social structure , such as an institution or a corporation.•Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary•Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, located in Fort Worth , Texas ,is a private ,non-profit institution of higher learning associated with Southern Baptist convention whose stated mission is “to provide theological education for individuals engaging in Christian ministry .”It is one of the largest seminaries in the world and is credited by the Associations of Theological schools and also by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools toward diploma, masters and doctoral degrees. The school uses the Baptist and Message as its confession of faith .3. About the text:It’s about the author’s idea towards the college years. It can be divided into six parts:Part 1 (para.1) Introduction: College students will go through key changes in their college years.Part 2 (Para. 2-6) Establishment of college students’ personal sexual and social identity in the college.Part3 (para.7) Affirmation of personal values such as religious faith, their values, and theirmorals.Part 4 (para.8 ) Development of new ways to organize and use knowledge.Part 5(para.9) Expansion of their world knowledge.Part 6 (para.10) Summary: College students are growing in their understanding of themselves, others and the world in which they live.4. Language points1) Words and expressionsto handle(1)to turn, to lift or turn with the handsThis box contains delicate china .Please handle with care .(2)to operate with handsThis computer is easy to handle .(3)to manage control or cope withThank you . But I can handle it myself .handle n. 把，柄This knife has a carved handle.to apply(1)to make a formal and usually written request for a job , position , permission etcShe is applying for a scholarship(2)to use a method , law ,principle etc in a particular situation(3)applicant n. the one who appliese.g. We should apply this theory to practice.(4)to affect or concern somebody or somethingNot all natural laws can apply to human society .(5)to bring something into nearness or contact with somethingApply some of this ointment to the swollen part ,and the pain will soon be gone .application n.2). Grammatical structure•I knew we had them licked.•She’d never say a word about all the weeks he’d been away, not leaving us a cent for food.•I found myself seeing my father in a different way and relating to him as a friend whom I could encourage.•It seemed to me then that he was always showing off.5. Post-reading discussion:What are your goals for the college years?。
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7. Contribute v. to help to cause sth to happen
con tribute
全部 给予
全部给予，即捐助，捐赠
contribute to sth. 是…的原因之一，促成…
.
8. Affirm v. to state that sth. is true and you agree with it or support it, esp. in public
.
9. Evaluate v. to carefully consider sth. in order to see how useful or valuable it is 辨析: Evaluate 指试图做出准确的判断，但通常不用于指估算 钱财方面的价值。 Assess 可以指估算财产的价值，损失的数额等，也可 以指估量某事物的意义，重要性，价值等。 Estimate 指在未进行精确计算之前对某事物的成本，大 小或价值做出估算。 Appraise 指对某事物的价值或品质做出精确的或内行的 判断，常用于对优点，长处的评价。
Unit 1 Your College Years
Bob Hartman
Student number: Name:
.
Teaching Procedures
• Warming—up • Pre-reading • While-reading • Post-reading • Homework
.
Warming--up
eg. I affirm that you will not lose the job. affirmation n. 肯定，断言 affirmative adj. 肯定 的，同意的
辨析: Affirm 强调说话人坚定地相信自己说的是事实，并且有可 靠的根据，不容置疑。 Assert 指没有客观证据而非常自信地宣称或断言。 Allege 指在缺乏证据的情况下宣称。 Claim 指强调宣称某事是真实的，尤指在面对反对意见时 的宣称。 Declare 指肯定地说某事，往往是公开地针对反对意见的 宣称或断言。
re sent ment
相反 感觉 行为
相反的感受，即反感，
愤恨，怨恨
resent v. 愤恨，感到气愤ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
5. Project v. to show other people (what your future role will be
as a man or woman)
pro
ject
forward throw
向前投掷，向前扔，即规
划，计划
向前 投掷，扔
.
6. Option n. a choice you can make in a particular situation
辨析: Option 指特别赋予的进行选择的权利，强调的是进行选择的 自由和权利。 Choice 指运用自己的判断进行选择的机会，权利或能力，强 调的是进行选择的可能性。 Alternative 主要指在相互排斥的两者之间做严格的选择，也 可指在两者以上中进行选择。
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2. Perceive v. to understand or think of sth in a particular way
per
ceive
through take 凭借感觉去拿，即意识到，认为
凭借
拿
Perception n. 洞察力，看法，见解
3. Excessive adj. much more than is reasonable or necessary eg. Bad habits, such as smoking and excessive
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Phrases & Grammar
1. During this time, students are going through an identity crisis and are endeavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. 本句为复合句。句中，who和what均引导宾语从句，做find out的宾语。 Go through sth. 经历，遭受；仔细检查，仔细查看；详细研 究，仔细琢磨
drinking, can harm your health. ex cess ive
超出 行走 …的 行走的距离超出的，即过分的， 过多的
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4. Resentment n. A feeling of anger because sth has happened
that you think is unfair
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Pre-reading
• In the 1st college year, did you experience anything different from that in high school?
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• what do you think about these differences?
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While-reading
• New words • Phrases & Grammar • Structure • Style
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New Words
1. Endeavor v. to try very hard eg. He endeavored to claim himself down but in
• Author -- Bob Hartman
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Bob Hartman is a storyteller of children and part - time pastor. He was born in Pittsburgh in the United States.
vain.
辨析: Endeavor 强调愿望发自内心以及用异乎寻常的极大努力去做 某事，尤指克服困难。 Strive 和endeavor 一样，表示付出极大努力，但该词强调做某 事所需要的辛劳和竭尽全力，不强调努力的结果。 Try 指花费体力或心力试图完成某事，且包含有成功的可能。 Attempt 强调开始着手进行某事，但不强调花费力气，且所希 望或期待的结果常常未能实现。