上海英语高考翻译和句型的关系

一基本句式和句子成分

1．句子的种类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句。翻译中最常见的当然是陈述句以及正常的肯定句语序

2．简单句的句子成分主谓，主谓宾，主系表，主+双宾，主宾宾补

二复合句的翻译要注意连词，关系代词和关系副词的正确使用，从从句性质上区分好定语，状语和名词性从句是关键，请看以下例子

只要专心学习，你一定能够顺利通过考试

So long as/If you concentrate on your studies, you’ll succeed in passing the examinations.

她挥舞着手，像疯了似地

She waved her hands as if she were mad.

你爱坐哪里坐哪里

You can sit where you like.

主席一进来，我们就都站了起来

We all stood up as soon as/the moment the chairman entered.

天那么黑，我们看不清彼此的脸了

It was so dark that we couldn’t se e each other’s faces.

这张照片使我想起了我们在夏令营里度过的日子

This photo reminds me of the days (that) we spent in the summer camp.

作品得奖的女孩儿是班上最小的学生

The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class.

你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。

You should apologize to the people present for what you have just done.

这一切是怎么发生的对我是一个谜。

How it all happened is a mystery to me.

金钱万能这个想法是错误的

The idea that money means everything is unsound.

三倒装句型

我们的祖国从未像今天这样强大。(Never)

Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today.

只有通过努力我们才能成功(Only...)

Only by working hard can we suceed.

直到那时我才意识到我犯了多么严重的一个错误。(Not until...)

Not until then did I realize what a serious mistake I had made.

尽管他还是个孩子，他却承担起了养家的责任(as)

Child as he is, he takes on the responsibility of supporting the family.

她累得一上床就睡着了(So...)

So tired she was that she fell asleep as soon as she hit the pillow.

四强调句

他就是在那座教堂里面结婚的 (It...)

It was in that church that he got married.

他到底是什么时候犯罪的?

When was it that he committed a crime?

五其他特殊句式.

(1) The more ..., the more 书读得越多，就对你越有好处。

The more books you read, the more good it will do you.

(2) there be 句式阅读时你不必碰到生词就查字典。

There is no need for you to look up every new word you come across while reading.

(3)祈使句+and…

再试一下，你很有可能就成功了。

One more try, and you will be likely to succeed.

4) would rather 我宁可在家看报纸和杂志，也不愿去电影院看这么可怕的电影。 I (would rather) I would rather stay at home magazines than go to the cinema to see such a ten film.

(5) can’t ... too

检查试卷时越仔细越好。

You can’t be too careful when checking your paper. 6) It’s (high) time sb. did...

(6)It’s high time (that)sb. did…是我们采取行动的时候了。

It’s high time we took action.

(7) 形式主语宾语it

人们发现越来越难以跟上现代科学的发展。

People find it harder and harder to keep up with the development of modern science.

众所周知，吸烟会导致多种疾病

(cause) It is known to all that smoking can cause many eases.

就我所知，在那座小城里购物很方便。

(as far as) As far as I know, it is convenient to do shopping ii small city.

保护环境是每个公民的职责

(It...)It is the duty of every citizen to protect our environment.

我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。

.(occur)It never occurred to me that Tom would be made chairman of the Students’ Union.

那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描述出它的美丽。(It...)

It’s very hard for those who haven’t been to the village to describe its beauty.我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作

(...it...) I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who a] stick to their own opinions.

(8)非谓语结构

我们非常感谢老师为我们提供许多好书

(grateful)We are most grateful to our teacher for providing us with many good books.

充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停的看书。（keep）

Making full use of time doesn’t mean keeping reading books from morning till night.

同其他学生相比，那个女孩子有更强的英语听说能力。

(compare) Compared with other students, the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.

我们盼望能参加下星期举办的艺术节开幕式。

(look forward to) We are looking forward to attending the opening ceremony of the art festival to be held next week.

为了保持健康，我们经常参加体育锻炼。(To…)

To keep fit, we often take part in physical exercises.