考研英语一真题手译完形填空2015
2015年考研英语一真题答案及解析
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2014年7月15日International Business Times上一篇题为“DNA of Friendship:Study Finds We are Genetically Linked to Our Friends”（DNA友谊：研究发现我们在基因上和我们的朋友有着千丝万缕的联系）的文章。
首段通过一项研究结果引出朋友之间有一定的基因关联；第二段对研究的受试者进行说明；第三段中遗传学家认为朋友之间共享的1%的基因很重要；第四五段指出研究的两项发现；最后研究者发现相似基因发展更快，但人们喜欢与同族人交友还未能做出解释。
二、试题解析1.[A]when何时[B]why为什么[C]how如何[D]what什么【答案】D【考点】从句辨析【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导表语从句；再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容，不是指研究的时间（when），原因（why）和方式（how），表示具体内容的表语从句用what引导，因此，该题的答案为what。
2.[A]defended保卫，防守[B]concluded推断，下结论[C]withdrawn撤退，收回[D]advised建议，劝告【答案】B【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】从此题所在句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______中的that是指第一句话的内容（朋友与我们基因上的相关性），很显然是研究得出的结论。
因此，答案为concluded。
3.[A]for为了[B]with和[C]on在…之上，关于，对于[D]by方式【答案】C【考点】上下文语义衔接+介词辨析【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容（研究对1932位独特的受试者进行分析）判断出进行分析的对象是1932unique subjects。
2015年考研英语一历年真题及解析(完美打印版).
2015年考研英语(一)真题完整版S e c t i o n I U s e o f En g l i s hD i r e c t i o n s:R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g t e x t.C h o o s e t h e b e s t w o r d(s)f o r e a c h n u m b e r e d b l a n ka n d m a r k A,B,C o r D o n A N S WE R S H E E T.(10p o i n t s)T h o u g h n o t b i o l o g i c a l l y r e l a t e d,f r i e n d s a r e a s“r e l a t e d”a s f o u r t h c o u s i n s, s h a r i n g a b o u t1%o f g e n e s.T h a t i s_(1) _a s t u d y,p u b l i s h e d f r o m t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a a n d Y a l e U n i v e r s i t y i n t h e P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e N a t i o n a l A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s,h as__(2)_.T h e s t u d y i s a g e n o m e-w i d e a n a l y s i sc o nd u c te d_(3)__1,932u n i q u es u b j e c t s w h i c h__(4)__p a i r s o f u n r e l a te df r i e n d s a n d u n r e l a t e d s t r a ng e r s.T h e s a m e p e o p l e w e r e u se d i n b o t h_(5)_.W h i l e1%m a y s e e m_(6)_,i t i s n o t s o to a g e n e t i c i s t.A s J a m e s F o w l e r,p r o f e s s o r o f m e d i c a l g e n e t i c s a t U C S a n D i e g o,s a y s,“M o s t p e o p l e d o n o t e v e n_(7)_t h e i r f o u r t h c o u s i n s b u t s o m e h o w m a n a g e t o s e l e c t a s f r i e n d s t h e p e o p l ew h o_(8)_o u r ki n.”T h e s t u d y_(9)_f o u n d t h a t t h e g e n e s fo r s m e l l w e r e s o m e t h i n g s h a r e d i nf r i e n d s b u t n o tg e n e s f o r i m m u n i t y.Wh y t hi s s i m i l a r i t y e x i s t s i n s m e l l g e n e s i s d i f f i c u l t t o e x p l a i n,f o r n o w,_(10)_,a s t h e t e a m s u g g e s t s,i t d r a w s u s t o s i m i l a re n v i r o n m e n t s b u t t h e r e i s m o r e_(11)_i t.T h e r e c o u l d b e m a n y m e c h a n i s m sw o r k i n g t o g e t h e r t h a t_(12)_u s in c h o o s i n g g e n e t i c a l l y s i m i l a rf r i e n d s_(13)_”f u n c t i o n a l K i n s h i p”o f b e i n g f r i e n d s w i t h_(14)_!O n e o f t h e r e m a r k a b l e f i n d i n g s o f t h e s t u d y w a s t h e s i m i l a r g e n e s s e e m t ob e e v o l u t i o n_(15)_t h a n o t h e r g e n e s St u d y i n g t h i s c o u l d h e l p_(16)_w h yh u m a n e v o l u t i o n p i c k e d p a c e i n t h el a s t30,000y e a r s,w i t h s o c i a le n v i r o n m e n t b e i n g a m a jo r_(17)_f a c t o r.T h e f i n d i n g s d o n o t s i m p l y e x p l a i n pe o p l e’s_(18)_t o b ef r i e n d t h o s e o fs i m i l a r_(19)_b a c k g r o u n d s,s a y t h e r e s e a r c h e r s.T h o u g h a l l t h e s u b j e c t s w e r ed r a w n f r o m a p o p u l a t i o n o f E u r o pe a n e x t r a c t i o n,c a r e w a s t a k e n t o_(20)_t h a ta l l s ub j ec t s,f r i e nd s a n d s t r a n ge r s,we r e t a k e nf r o m t h e s a m e p o p u l a t i o n.1.[A]w h e n[B]w h y[C]h o w[D]w h a t2.[A]d e f e n d e d[B]c o n c l u d e d[C]w i t h d r a w n[D]a d v i s e d3.[A]f o r[B]w i th[C]o n[D]b y4.[A]c o m p a r e d[B]s o u g h t[C]s e p a r a t e d[D]c o n n e c t e d5.[A]t e s t s[B]o b j e c t s[C]s a m p l e s[D]e x a m p l e s6.[A]i n s i g n i f i c a n t[B]u n e x p e c te d[C]u n b e l i e v a b l e[D]i n c r e d i b l e7.[A]v i s i t[B]m i s s[C]s e e k[D]k n o w8.[A]r e s e m b l e[B]i n f l u e nc e[C]f a v o r[D]s u r p a s s9.[A]a g a i n[B]a l s o[C]i n s t e a d[D]t h u s10.[A]M e a n w h i l e[B]F u r t h e r m o re[C]L i k e w i s e[D]P e r h a p s11.[A]a b o u t[B]t o[C]f r o m[D]l i k e12.[A]d r i v e[B]o b s e r v e[C]c o n f u s e[D]l i m i t13.[A]a c c o r d i n g t o[B]r a t h e r t ha n[C]r e g a r d l e s s o f[D]a l o n g w i t h14.[A]c h a n c e s[B]r e s p o n s e s[C]m i s s i o n s[D]b e n e f i t s15.[A]l a t e r[B]s l o w e r[C]f a s t e r[D]e a r l i e r16.[A]f o r e c a s t[B]r e m e m b e r[C]u n d e r s t a n d[D]e x p r e s s17.[A]u n p r e d i c t a b l e[B]c o n t r i b u t or y[C]c o n t r o l l a b l e[D]d i s r u p t i v e18.[A]e n d e a v o r[B]d e c i s i o n[C]a r r a n g e m e n t[D]t e n d e n c y19.[A]p o l i t i c a l[B]r e l i g io u s[C]e t h n i c[D]e c o n o m i c20.[A]s e e[B]s h o w[C]p r o v e[D]t e l lS e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g Co m p r e h e n s i o nS e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g C o m pr e h e n s i o nP a r t AD i r e c t i o n s:R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u r t e x t s.A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b e l o w e a c h t e x t b yc h o o s i n g A,B,C o r D.M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n A N S W E R S H E E T.(40p o i n t s)T e x t1K i n g J u a n C a r l o s o f S p a i n o n c e i n s i s t e d“k i n g s d o n’t a b d i c a t e,t h e y d a r ei n t h e i r s l e e p.”B u t e m b a r r a s s i n g sc a nd a l s a n d t he p o p u l a r i t y of t h er e p u b l i c a n l e f t i n t h e r e c e n t E u r o-e l ec t i o n s h a v e f o r c ed h i m t oe a t h i s w o r ds a n d s t a n d d o w n.S o,d o e s t h e S p a n i s h cr i s i s s u g g e s t t h a t m o n a r c h y i s s e e i n gi t s l a s t d a y s?D o e s t h a t m e a n t h e w r i t i n g i s o n t h e w a l l f o r a l l E u r o p e a n r o y a l s,w i t h t h e i r m a g n i f i c e n t u n i f o rm s a n d m a j e s t i c l i f e s t y l e?T h e S p a n i s h c a s e p r o v i d e s a r g u m e n t sb o t h f o r a n d a g a i n s t m o n a rc h y.W h e n p u b l i c o p i n i o n i s p a r t i c u l a r l y p ol a r i s e d,a s i t w a s f o l l o w i n g t h e e n d of t h e F r a n c o r eg i m e,m o n a r ch s c a n ri s e ab o v e“m e r e”p o l i t ic s a n d“e m b od y”as p i r i t o f n a t i on a l u n i t y.I t i s t h i s a p p a r e n t t r a n s c e n d e n c e of p o l i t i c s t h a t e x p l a i n s m o n a r c h s’c o n t i n u i n g p o p u l a r i t y p o l a r i z e d.A nd a l s o,t he M i d d l e E a s t e x c e p t e d,E u r o p ei s t h e m o s t m o n a r c h-i n f e s t e d r e g i o n in t h e w o r l d,w i t h10k i n g d o m s(n o tc o u n t i n g V a t i c a n C i t y a nd A n d o r r a).B u t u n l i ke t h e i r a b s o l u t i s t c o u n t e r p a r t s i n t h e G u lf a n d A s i a,m o s t r o y a l f a m il i e s h a v e s u r v i v e d b e c a u s e t h e y a l l o wv o t e r s t o a v o i d t h e d i f f i c u l t s e a r c h f o r a n o n-c o n t r o v e r s i a l b u t r e s p e c t e d p u b l cf ig u r e.E v e n s o,k i n g s a n d q u e e n s u n d o u b t e dl y h a v e a d o w n s i d e.S y m b o l i c o fn a t i o n a l u n i t y a s t h e y c l a i m t o b e,t h e i r v e r y h i s t o r y—a n d s o m e t i m e s t h e w a y t h e y b e h a v e t o d a y–e m b o d i e s o u t d a te d a n d i n d ef e n s i b l e p r i v i l eg e s a n di n e q u a l i t i e s.A t a t i m e w h e n T h o m a sP i k e t t y a n d o t h e r e c o n o m i s t s a r ew a r n i n g o f r i s i n g i n e q u a l i t y a n d t h e i n c r e a s i n g p o w e r o f i n h e r i t e d w e a l t h,i t i s b i z a r r e t h a t w e a l t h y a r i s t o c r a t i c f a m i l i e s s h o u l d s t i l l b e t h e s y m b o l i c h e a r m o d e r n d e m o c r a t it o fc s t a t e s.T h e m o s t s u c c e s s f u l m o n a r c h i e s s t ri v e t o a b a n d o n o r h i d e t h e i r o l da r i s t o c r a t i c w a y s.P r i n c e s a n d p r i n c e s s e s h a v e d a y-j ob s a n d r i d e b ic y c l e s,n o t h o r s e s(o r h e l i c o p t e r s).E v e n s o,t h e s e a r e w e a l t h y f a m i l i e s w h o p a r t y w i t h t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l1%,a nd me d i a i n t r u s i v en e s s m a k e s i t i n c r e a s i n g l y d i f f i c u l t to m a i n t a i n t h e r i gh t i m a g e.W h i l e E u r o p e’s m o n a r c h i e s w i l l n o d o u b t b e s m a r t e n o u g h t o s u r v i v e f o rs o m e t i m e t o c o m e,i t i s t h e B r i t i s h ro y a l s w h o h a v e m o s t t o f e a r f r o m t h eS p a n i s h e x a m pl e.I t i s o n l y t h e Q u e e n w h o h a s p r e s e r ve d t h e m o n a r c h y’s r e p u t a t i o n w i t hh e r r a t h e r o r d i n a r y(i f w e l l-h e e l e d)gr a n n y s t y l e.T h e d a n g e r w i l l c o m e w i t hC h a r l e s,w h o h a s b o t h a n e x p e n s i v e t a s t e o f l i f e s t y l e a n d a p r e t t y h i e r a r c h i c a l v i e w o f t h e w o r l d.H e h a s f a i l e d t o u nd e r s t a n d t h a t m o n a r c h i e s h a v e l a r g e l ys u r v i v e d b e c a u s e t h e y p r o v i d e a s e r vi c e–a s n o n-c o n t r o v e r s i a l a n d n o n-p o l i t i c a l h e a d s o f s t a t e.C h a r l e s o u g h t t o k n o w t h a t a s E n g l i s h h i s t o r y s h o w s,i t i s k i n g s,n o t r e p u b l i c a n s,w h o a re t h e m o n a r c h y’s w o r s t e n e m i e s.21.A c c o r d i n g t o t h e f i r s t t w o P a ra g r a p h s,K i n g J u a n C a r l o s o f S p a i n[A]u s e d t u r n e n j o y h ig h p u b l i c s u p p o r t[B]w a s u n p o p u l a r a m o n g Eu r o p e a n r o y a l s[C]c a s e d h i s r e l a t i o ns h i p w i t h h i s r i v a l s[D]e n d e d h i s r e i g n i ne m b a r r a s s m e n t22.M o n a r c h s a r e k e p t a s h e a d so f s t a t e i n E u r o p e m o s t l y[A]o w i n g t o t h e i r u n d o u b t e da n d r e s p e c t ab l e s t a t u s[B]t o a c h i e v e a b a l a n c e b e tw e e n t r a d i t i o n a n d r e a l i t y[C]t o g i v e v o t e r m o r e p u bl i c f i g u r e s t o l o o k u p t o[D]d u e t o t h e i r e v e r l a s t i ng p o l i t i c a l e m b o d i m e n t23.W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s s h o w n t o b e o d d,a c c o r d i n g t o P a r a g r a p h4?[A]A r i s t o c r a t s’e x c e s s i v e re l i a n c e o n i n h e r i t e d w e a l t h[B]T h e r o l e o f t h e n o b i l i ty i n m o d e r n d e m o c r a c i e s[C]T h e s i m p l e l i f e s t y l e o ft h e a r i s t o c r a t i c f a m i l i e s[D]T h e n o b i l i t y’s a d h e r en c e t o t h e i r p r i v i l e g e s24.T h e B r i t i s h r o y a l s“h a v e mo s t t o f e a r”b e c a u s e C h a r l e s[A]t a k e s a r o u g h l i n eo n p o l i t i c a l i s s u e s[B]f a i l s t o c h a n g e h is l i f e s t y l e a s a d v i s e d[C]t a k e s r e p u b l i c a n s as h i s p o t e n t i a l a l l i e s[D]f a i l s t o a d a p t h i m se lf t o h i s f u t u r e r o l e25.W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g is t h e b e s t t i t l e o f t h e t e x t?[A]C a r l o s,G l o r y a n d Di s g r a c e C o m b i n e d[B]C h a r l e s,A n x i o u s t o Su c c e e d t o t h e T h r o n e[C]C a r l o s,a L e s s o n f o r Al l E u r o p e a n M o n a r c h s[D]C h a r l e s,S l o w t o R e a c t to t h e C o m i n g T h r e a t sT E X T2J u s t h o w m u c h d o e s t h e C o n s t i t u t i on p r o t e c t y o u r d i g i t a l d a t a?T h eS u p r e m e C p u r t w i l l n o w c o n s i d e r w h e t h e r p o l i c e c a n s e a r c h t h e c o n t e n t s o f am o b i l e p h o n e w i t h o u t a w a r r a n t i f t h e p h o n e i s o n o r a r o u n d a p e r s o n d u r i n ga n a r r e st.C a l i f o r n i a h a s a s k e d t h e j u s t i c e s to r e f r a i n f r o m a s w e e p i n g r u l i n g,p a r t i c u l a r l y o n e t h a t u p s e t s t h e o l d as s u m p t i o n s t h a t a u t h o r i t i e s m a y s e a r c ht h r o u g h t h e p o s s e s s i o n s o f s u s p e c t s a tt h e t i m e o f t h e i r a r r e s t.I t i s h a r d,ts t a t e a r g u e s,f o r j u d g e s t o a s s e s s t h e i h em p l i c a t i o n s o f n e w a n d r a p i d l y c h a n g i n g t e c h n o l o g i es.T h e c o u r t w o u l d b e r e c k l e s s l y m o d e s ti f i t f o l l o w e d C a l i f o r n i a’s a d v i c e.E n o u g h o f t h e i m p l i c a t i o n s a r e d i s c e r na b l e,e v e n o b v i o u s,s o t h a t t h e j u s t i ce c a n a n d s h o u l d p r o v i d e u p d a t e d g u i d e l i n e s t o p o l i c e,l a w y e r s a n d d ef e n d a n t s.T h e y s h o u l d s t a r t b y d i s c a r d i n g C a l i f o r n i a’s l a m e a r g u m e n t t h a t e x p l o r i n gt h e c o n t e n t s o f a s m a r t p h o n e-a v a s ts t o r e h o u s e o f d i g i t a l i n f o r m a t i o n i ss i m i l a r t o s a y,g o i n g t h r o u g h a s u s p e c t’s p u r s e.T h e c o u r t h a s r u l e d t h a t p o l i c e d o n't v i o l a t e t h e F o u r t h A m e n d m e n t wh e n t h e y g o t h r o u g h t h e w a l l e t o rp o r c k e t b o o k,o f a n a r r e s t e e w i t h o ut a w a r r a n t.B u t e x p l o r i n g o n e’ss m a r t p h o n e i s m o r e l i k e e n t e r i n g h i s o r h e r h o m e.A s m a r t p h o n e m a y c o n t a i na n a r r e s t e e’s r e a d i n g h i s t o r y,f in a n c i a l h i s t o r y,m e d i c a l h i s t o r y ac o m p r e h e n s i v e r e c o rd s o f re c e n t c o r r e s p n do n d e n c e.T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f“c l o u dc o m p u t i n g.”m e a n w h i l e,h a s m ade t h a te x p l o r a t i o n s o m u c h t h e e a s i e r.B u t t h e j u s t i c e s s h o u l d n o t s w a l l o w Ca l i f o r n i a’s a r g u m e n t w h o l e.N e w,d i s r u p t i ve t e c h n o l o g y s o m e t i m e s d em a n d s n o v e l a p p l i c a t i o n s o f t h eC o n s t i t u t i o n’s p r o t e c t i o n s.O r i n K e r r, a l a w p r o f e s s o r,c o m p a r e s t h e e x p l o s i o n a n d a c c e s s i b i l i t y o f d i g i t a l i n f o rm a t i o n i n t h e21s t c e n t u r y w i t h t he s t a b l i s h m e n t of a u t o m o b i l e u s e a s a di g i t a l n e c e s s i t y o f l i f e i n t h e20t h:Th ej u s t i c e s h a d t o s p e c i f y n o v e l r u l e sf o r t h e n e w p e r s o n a l d o m a i n o f t h ep a s s e n g e r c a r t h e n;t h e y m u s t s o r t o u t h o w t h e F o u r t h A m e n d m e n t a p p l i e s t od i g i t a l i n f o r m a ti o n n o w.26.T h e S u p r e m e c o u r t,w i l l w o r k o ut w h e t h e r,d u r i n g a n a r r e s t,i t i sl e g i t i m a t et o[A]s e a r c h f o r s u s p e c t s’m o b i le p h o n e s w i t h o u t a w a r r a n t.[B]c h e c k s u s p e c t s’p h o n e c o n t en t s w i t h o u t b e i n g a u t h o r i z e d.[C]p r e v e n t s u s p e c t s f r o m d e l et i n g t h e i r p h o n e c o n t e n t s.[D]p r o h i b i t s u s p e c t s f r o m us i n g t h e i r m o b i l e p h o n e s.27.T h e a u t h o r’s a t t i t u d e t o w a r dC a l i f o r n i a’s a r g u m e n t i s o n e o f[A]t o l e r a nc e.[B]i n d i f f e re n c e.[C]d i s a p p r ov a l.[D]c a u t i o u sn e s s.28.T h e a u t h o r b e l i e v e s t h a t e x p l o r i ng o n e’s p h o n e c o n t e n t i s c o m p a r a b l et o[A]g e t t i n g i n t o o ne’s r e s i d e n c e.[B]h a n d i n g o n e’s h is t o r i c a l r e c o r d s.[C]s c a n n i n g o n e’s co r r e s p o n d e n c e s.[D]g o i n g t h r o u g h on e’s w a l l e t.29.I n P a r a g r a p h5a n d6,t h e au t h o r s h o w s h i s c o n c e r n t h a t[A]p r i n c i p l e s a r e h a r d to b e c l e a r l y e x p r e s s e d.[B]t h e c o u r t i s g i v i n g p ol i c e l e s s r o o m f o r a c t i o n.[C]p h o n e s a r e u s e d t o s t o re s e n s i t i v e i nf o r m a t i o n.[D]c i t i z e n s’p r i v a c y i sn o t e f f e c t i v e p r o t e c t e d.30.O r i n K e r r’s c o m p a r i s o n is q u o t e d t o i n d i c a t e t h a t(A)t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n s h o u l d be i m p l e m e n t e df l e x i b l y.(B)N e w t e c h n o l o g y r e q u i r e s r e i n t er p r e t a t i o n o f t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n.(C)C a l i f o r n i a’s a r g u m e n t v i o l a t es p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n.(D)P r i n c i p l e s o f t h e C o n s t i t u ti o n s h o u l d n e v e r b e a l t e r e d.T e x t3T h e j o u r n a l S c i e n c e i s a d d i n g a n e x t r a r o u n d o f s t a t i s t i c a l c h e c k s t o i t sp e e r-r e v i e w p r o c e s s,e d i t o r-i n-c h i e f M a r c i a M c N u t t a n n o u n c e d t o d a y.T h ep o l i c y f o l l o w s s i m i l a r e f f o r t s f r o m o t h e r j o u r n a l s,a f t e r w i d e s p r e a d c o n c e r n t b a s i c m i s t a k e s i n d a t a a n a l y s i s a r e c o n h tt r i b u t i n g t o t h e i r r e p r o d u c i b i l i t y o f m a n yp u b l i s h e d r e s e a r ch f i n d i n g s.“R e a d e r s m u s t h a v e c o n f i d e n c e i n th e c o n c l u s i o n s p u b l i s h e d i n o u rj o u r n a l,”w r i t e s M c N u t t i n a n e d i t o r i a l. W o r k i n g w i t h t h e A m e r i c a n S t a t i s t i c a lA s s o c i a t i o n,t h e j o u r n a l h a s a p p o i n t e ds e v e n e x p e r t s t o a s t a t i s t i c s b o a r d o fr e v i e w i n g e d i t o r s(S B o R E).M a n u w i l l b e f l a g g e d u p f o r a d d i t i o n a l s c r u t i n y b yt h e j o u r n a l’s i n t e r n a l e d i t o r s,o r b y i t s e x i s t i n g B o a r d o f R e v i e w i n g E d i t o r s o r b y o u t s i d e p e e r r e v i e w e r s.T h e S B oR E p a n e l w i l l t h e n f i n d e x t e r n a ls t a t i s t i c i a n s t o r e vi e w t h e s e m a n u s.A s k e d w h e t h e r a n y p a r t i c u l a r p a p e r s ha d i m p e l l e d t h e c h a n g e,M c N u t ts a i d:“T h e c r e a t i o n o f t h e‘s t a t i s t i c s b o a r d’w a s m o t i v a t e d b y c o n c e r n s b r o a d w i t h t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f s t a t i s t i c s a n d d l ya t a a n a l y s i s i n s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h a n d i sp a r t o f S c i e n c e’s o v e r a l l d r i v e t o i nc r e a s e r e p r od u c i b i l i t y i n t he r e s e a r c hp u b l i s h.”w eG i o v a n n i P a r m i g i a n i,a b i o s t a t i s t i ci a n a t t h e H a r v a r d S c h o o l o f P u b l i cH e a l t h,a m e m b e r o f t h e S B o R E g r o u p,sa y s h e e x p e c t s t h eb o a r d t o“p l a yp r i m a r i l y a n a d v i s o r y r o l e.”H e a g r e e d t o j o i n b e c a u s e h e“f o u n d t h e f o r e s i g h t b e h i n d t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e S B o R E t o b e n o v e l,u n i q u e a n d l i k e l y t o h a v ea l a s t i n g i m p a c t.T h i s i m p a c t w i l l no t o n l y b e t h r o u g h t h e p u b l i c a t i o n s in S c i e n c e i t s e l f,b u t h o p e f u l l y t h r o u g h al a r g e r g r o u p o f p u b l i s h i n g p l a c e s t h a tm a y w a n t t o m o d e l t h e i r a pp r o a c h a f t e r S c i e n c e.”31、I t c a n b e l e a r n e d f ro m P a r a g r a p h I t h a t[A]S c i e n c e i n t e n d s t o s i m p l if y i t s p e e r-r e v i e w p r o c e s s.[B]j o u r n a l s a r e s t r e n g t h e n i ng t h e i r s t a t i s t i c a l c h e c k s.[C]f e w j o u r n a l s a r e b l a m e d f o rm i s t a k e s i n d a t a a n a l y s i s.[D]l a c k o f d a t a a n a l y s i s i s co m m o n i n r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t s.32、T h e p h r a s e“f l a g g e d u p”(P a ra.2)i s t h e c l o s e s t i n m e a n i n g t o[A]f o u n d.[B]r e v i s e d.[C]m a r k e d[D]s t o r e d33、G i o v a n n i P a r m i g i a n i b e l i e v e s t h a t th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e S B o R E m a y[A]p o s e a t h r e a t to a l l i t s p e e r s[B]m e e t w i t h s t r o ng o p p o s i t i o n[C]i n c r e a s e S c i e n c e’s c i r c u l a t i o n.[D]s e t a n e x a m p l e f o ro t h e r j o u r n a l s34、D a v i d V a u x h o l d s t h a t w h at S c i e n c e i s d o i n g n o wA.a d d s t o r e s e a r c he r s’w o r k l o s d.B.d i m i n i s h e s t h e r ol e o f r e v i e w e r s.C.h a s r o o m f o r f u r t he r i m p r o v e m e n t.D.i s t o f a i l i n t h e fo r e s e e a b l e f u t u r e.35.W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g is t h e b e s t t i t l e o f t h e t e x t?A.S c i e n c e J o i n s P u s h t o S cr e e n S t a t i s t i c s i n P a p e r sB.P r o f e s s i o n a l S t a t i s t i c i an s D e s e r v e M o r e R e s p e c tC.D a t a A n a l y s i s F i n d s I t s Wa y o n t o E d i t o r s’D e s k sD.S t a t i s t i c i a n s A r e C o m in g B a c k w i t h S c i e n c eT e x t4T w o y e a r s a g o,R u p e r t M u r d o c h’s d au g h t e r,E l i s a b e t h,s p o k e o f t h e“u n s e t t l i n g d e a r t h o f i n t e g r i t y a c r o ss s o m a n y o f o u r i n s t i t u t i o n s”.I n t e gr i t yh a d c o l l a p s e d,s h e a r g u e d,b e c a u s e o fa c o l l e c t i v e a c c e p t a n c e t h a t t h e o n l y“s o r t i n g m e c h a n i s m”i n s o c i e t y s h o u l d b e p r o f i t a n d t h e m a r k e t.B u t“i t’s u s,h u m a n b e i n g s,w e t h e p e o p l e w h o c r e a te t h e s o c i e t y w e w a n t,n o t p r of i t”.D r i v i n g h e r p o i n t h o m e,s h e c o n t i n u e d:“I t’s i n c r e a s i n g l y a p p a r e n t t h a tt h e a b s e n c e o f p u r p o s e,o f a m o r a l l an g u a g e w i t h i n g o v e r n m e n t,m e d i a o rb u s i n e s sc o u ld be c o m e o n e of t h e m o s td a n ge r o u s g o a l sf o r c a p i t a l i s m a n df r e e d o m.”T h i s s a m e a b s e n c e o f m o r a l p u r p o s e w a s w o u n d i ng c o m p a n i e s s u c ha s N e w s I n t e r n a t i o n a l,s h e t h o u g h t,m a k i n g i t m o r e l i k e l y t h a t i t w o u l d l o s e i t sw a y a s i t h a d w i t h w i d e s p r e a di l l e g a l t e l e p h o n e h a c k i n g.A s t h e h a c k i n g t r i a l c o n c l u d e s—f i n d i n g g u i l t y o n e e x-e d i t o r o f t h e N e w s o ft h e W o r l d,A n d y C o u l s o n,f o r c o n s p i r i n g t o h a c k p h o n e s,a n d f i n d i n g h i sp r e d e c e s s o r,R e b e k a h B r o o k s,i n n o c e n t o f t h e s a m e c h a r g e—t h e w i d e r i s s u e o fd e a r t h o f i n t e g r i t y s t i l l s t a n d s.J o u r n a l i s t s a r e k n o w n t o h a v e h a c k e d t h e p h o n e so f u p t o5,500p e o p l e.T h i s i s h a c k i n g o n a n i n d u s t r i a l s c a l e,a s w a sa c k n o w l e d g e db y G l e n n M u lc a i r e,t h e m a n h i r ed b y t he N e w s of t h e W o r l d i n2001t o b e t h e p o i n t p e r s o n f o r p h o n e h a c k i n g.O t h e r s a w a i t t r i a l.T h i s s a g a s t i l lu n f o l d s.I n m a n y r e s p e c t s,t h e d e a r t h o f m o r a l p u r p o s e f r a m e s n o t o n l y t h e f a c t o fs u c h w i d e s p r e a d p h o n e h a c k i n g b u t t h e te r m s o n w h i c h t h e t r i a l t o o k p l a c e.O n e o f t h e a s t o n i s h i n g r e v e l a t i o n s w as h o w l i t t l e R e b e k a h B r o o k s k n e w o fw h a t w e n t o n i n h e r n e w s r o o m,h o w l i t t l e s h e t h o u g h t t o a s k a n d t h e f a c t t h a t s h e n e v e r i n q u i r e d h o w t h e s t o r i e s a r r i v e d.T h e c o r e o f h e r s u c c e s s f u l d e f e n c e w a s t h a t s h e k n e wn o t h i n g.I n t o d a y’s w o r l d,i t h a s b e c o m e n o r ma l t h a t w e l l-p a i d e x e c u t i v e s s h o u l dn o t b e a c c o u n t a b l e f o r w h a t h a p p e n s in t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n s t h a t t h e y r u n.P e r h a p s w e s h o u l d n o t b e s o s u r p r i s ed.F o r a g e n e r a t i o n,t h e c o l l e c t i v ed o c t r i ne h a s b e e n t h a t t h e s o r t i n g m e c h a n i s m of s o c i e t y s h o u l d b e p r o f i t.T h e w o r d s t h a t h a v e m a t t e r e d a r e e f f i c ie n c y,f l e x i b i l i t y,s h a r e h o l d e r v a l ue,b u s i n e s s-f r i e n d l y,w e a l t h g e n e r a t i o n,s a l e s,i m p a c t a n d,i n n e w s p a p e r s,c i r c u l a t i o n.W o rd s de g r a d e d t o t h e ma r g i n h a v eb e e n j u s t ic e,f a i r n e s s,t o l e r a n c e,p r o p o r t i o n a l i ty a n d a c c o u n t a b i l i t y.T h e p u r p o s e o f e d i t i n g t h e N e w s o f t h e W o r l d w a s n o t t o p r o m o t e r e a d e ru n d e r s t a n d i n g,t o b e f a i r i n w h a t w as w r i t t e n o r t o b e t r a y a n y c o m m o nh u m a n i t y.I t w a s t o r u i n l i v e s i n t he q u e s tf o r c i r c u l a t i o n a n d i m p a c t.Ms B r o o k s m a y o r m a y n o t h a v e h a d s u s p i ci o n s a b o u t h o w h e r j o u r n a l i s t s g o tt h e i r s t o r i e s,b u t s h e a s k e d n o q u e s t i o n s,g a v e n o i n s t r u c t i o n s—n o r r e c e i v ed t r a ce a b l e,r e c o r de d a n s w e r s.36.A c c o r d i g n t o t h e f i r s t t w o p ar a g r a p h s,E l i s a b e t h w a s u p s e t b y(A)t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f t h e cu r r e n t s o r t i n g m e c h a n i s m.(B)c o m p a n i e s’f i n a n c i a l l o ss d u e t o i m m o r a l p r a c t i c e s(C)g o v e r n m e n t a l i n e f f e c t i ve n e s s o n m o r a l i s s u e s.(D)t h e w i d e m i s u s e o f i n t e gr i t y a m o n g i n s t i t u t i o n s.37.I t c a n b e i n f e r r e d fr o m P a r a g r a p h3t h a t(A)G l e n n M u l c a i r e m a y d e n y ph o n e h a c k i n g a s a c r i m e.(B)m o r e j o u r n a l i s t s m a y b e f o un d g u i l t y o f p h o n e h a c k i n g.(C)A n d y C o u l s o n s h o u l d b e h e ld i n n o ce n t of t h e c h a rg e.(D)p h o n e h a c k i n g w i l l b e a c c ep t e d o n c e r t a i n o c c a s i o n s.38.T h e a u t h o r b e l i e v e s t h a t Re b e k a h B r o o k s’s d ef e n c e(A)r e v e a l e d a c u n n in g p e r s o n a l i t y.(B)c e n t e r e d o n t ri v i a l i s s u e s.(C)w a s h a r d l y c on v i n c i n g.(D)w a s p a r t o f ac o n s p i r a c y.39.T h e a u t h o r h o l d s t h a t t h e c ur r e n t c o l l e c t i v e d o c t r i n e s h o w s(A)g e n e r a l l y d i s to r t e d v a l u e s.(B)u n f a i r w e a l t h di s t r i b u t i o n.(C)a m a r g i n a l i z ed l i fe s t y l e.(D)a r i g i d m o ra l c o d e.40W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s s ug g e s t e d i n t h e l a s t p a r a g r a p h?(A)T h e q u a l i t y o f w r i t i n g s is o f p r i m a r y i m p o r t a n c e.(B)C o m m o n h u m a n i t y i s c e n t ra l t o n e w s r e p o r t i n g.(C)M o r a l a w a r e n e s s m a t t e r s in e d i t i n g a n e w s p a p e r.(D)J o u r n a l i s t s n e e d s t r i c te r i n d u s t r i a l r e g u l a t i o n s.P a r t BD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h e f o l l o w i n g t e x t,s o m e s e n t e n c e s h a v e b e e n r e m o v e d.F o r Q u e s t i o n s41-45,c h o o s e t h e m o s t s u i t a b l e o n e fr o m t h e f i s t A-G t o f i t i n t o e a c h o f th en u m b e r e d b l a n k s.M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s on A N S W E R S H E E T.(10p o i n t s)H o w d o e s y o u r r e a d i n g p r o c e e d?C l e a rl y y o u t r y t o c o m p r e h e n d,i n t h es e n s e o f i d e n t i f y i n g m e a n i n g s f o r in d i v i d u a l w o r d s a n d w o r k i n g o u tr e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n t h e m,d r a w i n g o ny o u r e x p l i c i t k n o w l e d g e o f E n g l i s hg r a m m a r(41)______y o u b e g i n t o i n f e r a c o n t e x t f o r t h e t e x t,f o r i n s t a n c e,b y。
【7A版】2015年考研英语一真题及解析
2015年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank andmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousin s,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversity ofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyof Sciences,has__(2)_.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)__1,932uniquesubjec tswhich__(4)__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepe oplewereusedinboth_(5)_.While1%mayseem_(6)_,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,profess orofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_th eirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8) _ourkin.”Thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfrie ndsbutnotgenesforimmunity.WhythissimilarityeGistsinsmellgenesisdiffic ulttoeGplain,fornow,_(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenviron mentsbutthereismore_(11)_it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoos inggeneticallysimilarfriends_(13)_”functional Kinship”ofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtob eevolution_(15)_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhuman evolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeinga major_(17)_factor.ThefindingsdonotsimplyeG plainpeople’s_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsi milar_(19)_backgrounds,saytheresearchers.Thoughallthesubjectsweredra wnfromapopulationofEuropeaneGtraction,carewastakento_(20)_thatallsu bjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what【答案】[D]what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
【Selected】2015年考研英语一真题及解析.doc
2015年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblanA andmarAA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousin s,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversity ofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyof Sciences,has__(2)_.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)__1,932uniquesubjec tswhich__(4)__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepe oplewereusedinboth_(5)_.While1%mayseem_(6)_,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,profess orofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_th eirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8) _ourA in.”Thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfrie ndsbutnotgenesforimmunity.WhythissimilarityeGistsinsmellgenesisdiffic ulttoeGplain,fornow,_(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenviron mentsbutthereismore_(11)_it.TherecouldbemanymechanismsworAingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoos inggeneticallysimilarfriends_(13)_”functional A inship”ofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!OneoftheremarAablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtob eevolution_(15)_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhuman evolutionpicAedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeinga major_(17)_factor.ThefindingsdonotsimplyeG plainpeople’s_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsi milar_(19)_bacAgrounds,saytheresearchers.Thoughallthesubjectsweredr awnfromapopulationofEuropeaneGtraction,carewastaAento_(20)_thatall subjects,friendsandstrangers,weretaAenfromthesamepopulation.1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what【答案】[D]what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
2015年考研英语一真题及答案
2015年考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cou sins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is_ (1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has_(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_(3)_1,932 unique subjects which_(4)_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years ,with social environment being a major _(17)_factor .The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar _(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrass ing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can ri se above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserve d the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D] ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D] due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D] The nobility’s adherence to their privi leges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate th e Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle do esn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices shoul d not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being a uthorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content s is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C] California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D] principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis i n scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the boa rd to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journ als such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journalsshould also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can veri fy the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D] set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D] is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Ed itors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a coll ective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International , shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D] the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fitinto each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even poi ntless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our genderethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F] In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly onANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart ADirections: You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Minginstead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)手机时代的聚会【参考答案】【1-5】DBCAC 【6-10】ADABD 【11-15】BABDC 【16-20】CBDCA 【21-25】DABBC 【26-30】CAACB 【31-35】BBDCA 【36-40】ABCAC 【41-45】CEGBA【翻译参考译文】46.在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次（移民）运动在一片荒野上建立了一个国家，并且就本质而言，塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2015年考研英语一真题及答案
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
(10 points)①Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins，sharing about 1% of genes。
②That is 1 a study，published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 。
①The study is a genome—wide analysis conducted 3 1，932 unique subjects which4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. ②The same people were used in both5 。
①While 1％may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist。
②As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says，“Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin。
2015年考研英语一真题及答案：完形填空
National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates （NETEM） Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points） Though not biologically related， friends are as “related” as fourth cousins， sharing about 1% of genes. That is _（1）_a study， published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences， has__（2）__. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted __（3）__1， 932 unique subjects which__（4）__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_（5）__. While 1% may seem_（6）_， it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler， professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego， says，“Most people do not even _（7）_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_（8）_our kin.”The study_（9）_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain， for now， _（10）_， as the team suggests， it draws us to similar environments but there is more_（11）_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _（12）_us in choosing genetically similar friends_（13）_“functional Kinship” of being friends with_（14）_！ One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_（15）_than other genes Studying this could help_（16）_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30， 000 years， with social environment being a major_（17）_factor. The findings do not simply explain people's_（18）_to befriend those ofsimilar_（19）_backgrounds， say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction， care was taken to_（20）_that all subjects， friends and strangers， were taken from the same population. 1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what 2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised 3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by 4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected 5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples 6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible 7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know 8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass 9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus 10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps 11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like 12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit 13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with 14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits 15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier 16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express 17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive 18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency 19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic 20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell 【参考答案】DBCAC ADABD BABDC CBDCA 【试题点评】完型填空为了测试考⽣实际应⽤英语的能⼒和语感。
2015年考研英语一真题、解析和全文翻译(大师兄版)
[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32.The phrase“flagged up”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to______.[A]found[B]revised[C]marked[D]stored33.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may______.[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science’s circulation[D]set an example for other journals34.David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now______.[A]adds to researchers’workload[B]diminishes the role of reviewers[C]has room for further improvement[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35.Which of the following is the best title of the text?______.[A]Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers[B]Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C]Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’Desks[D]Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText4Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed,she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market.But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit”.Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous own goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson,for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to5,500people. This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire,the man hired by the News of the World in2001to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This long story still unfolds.In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing.In today’s world,it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility,shareholder value,business-friendly,wealth generation,sales,impact and,in newspapers,circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice,fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave no instructions—nor received traceable,recorded answers.36.According to the first two paragraphs,Elisabeth was upset by______.[A]the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B]companies’financial loss due to immoral practices[C]governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions37.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that______.[A]Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.[B]more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C]Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D]phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38.The author believes the Rebekah Brooks’s defense______.[A]revealed a cunning personality[B]centered on trivial issues[C]was hardly convincing[D]was part of a conspiracy39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows______.[A]generally distorted values[B]unfair wealth distribution[C]a marginalized lifestyle[D]a rigid moral code40.Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?______.[A]The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B]Common humanity is central to news reporting.[C]Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.[D]Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)How does your reading proceed?Clearly you try to comprehend,in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them,drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)__________.You begin to infer a context for the text,for instance by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved:who is making the utterance,to whom,when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension.But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42) ___________.Conceived in this way,comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader.What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute,fixed or“true”meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world.(43)___________.Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)___________.This doesn’t,however,make interpretation merely relative or even pointless.Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns—debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it,(45)_________. Such dimensions of reading suggest—as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading.It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller,more advanced or more worthwhile than another.Ideally,different kinds of reading inform each other,and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.Together,they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A]Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure?Skimming it for information?Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely todiffer considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B]Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading,our gender,ethnicity,age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C]If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms,you guess at their meanings,using clues presented in the context.On the assumption that they will become relevant later,you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect,you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence,image or reference might have had:these might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences,for instance about how the text may be significant to you,or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays,novels and narrative poems,characters speak as constructs created by the author,not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather,we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures(so especially its language structures)and various kinds of background,social knowledge,belief and attitude that we bring to the text.SectionⅢTranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Within the span of a hundred years,in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries,a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.(46)This movement,driven by powerful and diverse motivations,built a nation out of a wilderness and,by its nature,shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.Of necessity,colonial America was a projection of Europe.Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.(48)But,inevitably,the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another,and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which,although it resembled European society in many ways,had a character that was distinctly American.(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America.In the meantime,thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico,the West Indies,and South America.These travelers to North America came in small,unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six-to twelve-week voyage,they subsisted on meager rations.Many of the ships were lost in storms,many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course,and often calm brought interminable delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.Said one chronicler,“The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’firstglimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture,ships and potash,dyes and naval stores.SectionⅣWritingPart A51.Directions:You are going to host a club reading session.Write an email of about100words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题参考答案Section I Use of English(10points)1.A B C D2.A B C D3.A B C D4.A B C D5.A B C D6.A B C D7.A B C D8.A B C D9.A B C D10.A B C D11.A B C D12.A B C D13.A B C D14.A B C D15.A B C D16.A B C D17.A B C D18.A B C D19.A B C D20.A B C D Section II Reading Comprehension(50points)Part A(40points)21.A B C D22.A B C D23.A B C D24.A B C D25.A B C D26.A B C D27.A B C D28.A B C D29.A B C D30.A B C D31.A B C D32.A B C D33.A B C D34.A B C D35.A B C D36.A B C D37.A B C D38.A B C D39.A B C D40.A B C DPart B(10points)41.A B C D E F G42.A B C D E F G43.A B C D E F G44.A B C D E F G45.A B C D E F GSection III Translation(15points)46.这次由各种强烈动机驱动的人口迁移运动在一片荒芜中创造了一个国家，而其荒无人烟的本质也让这次人口迁移塑造了这个无人涉足过的大陆的品格和命运。
【Selected】2005-2015历年考研英语一完形填空真题.doc
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensiti vesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupri ght.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthrought heair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticAtosurfaces.Infact5,weareeGtremelysensi tivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmell sevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanoth er,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeo pledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thes ereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasb eenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomese nsitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.TheeGplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14toAee pallsmellreceptorsworAingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.This may16eGplainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotn eedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe18newsmellswhe nwevisitsomeoneelse's.ThebrainfindsitbesttoAeepsmellreceptors19forunfam iliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoAe,whichmightindicatethedanger offire.1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while2.[A]above[B]unliAe[C]eGcluding[D]besides3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracAing5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore6.[A]evenif[B]ifonly[C]onlyif[D]asif7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[D]diffused9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses12.[A]atfirst[B]atall[C]atlarge[D]attimes13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]eGposed14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless17.[A]sure[B]sicA[C]aware[D]tired18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice19.[A]available[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable20.[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith[D]asidefromThehomelessmaAeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.1homel essnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly2.Tohel phomelesspeople3independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrai ningprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.5everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6 anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanot hermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8,oneofthefederalgovernment'sstu dies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisd ecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasingly difficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthree mealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulAofeachd ay13thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalc oholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisord ers.Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacAtheeveryday15sAillsneededtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReedynotesthatt hesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyne edsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotAowsAi,directorofcommunityserviceatBentl eyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it."Therehastobe20ofprograms.Whatweneedisa pacAagedeal."1.[A]Indeed[B]LiAewise[C]Therefore[D]Furthermore2.[A]stand[B]cope[C]approve[D]retain3.[A]in[B]for[C]with[D]toward4.[A]raise[B]add[C]taAe[D]Aeep5.[A]Generally[B]Almost[C]Hardly[D]Not6.[A]cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ7.[A]Nowthat[B]Although[C]Provided[D]EGceptthat8.[A]inflating[B]eGpanding[C]increasing[D]eGtending9.[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers10.[A]assist[B]tracA[C]sustain[D]dismiss11.[A]Hence[B]But[C]Even[D]Only12.[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house13.[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering14.[A]when[B]once[C]while[D]whereas15.[A]life[B]eGistence[C]survival[D]maintenance16.[A]around[B]over[C]on[D]up17.[A]compleG[B]comprehensive[C]complementary[D]compensating18.[A]So[B]Since[C]As[D]Thus19.[A]puts[B]interprets[C]assumes[D]maAes20.[A]supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation[D]coordinationBy1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependen tnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooAed2tothefuture.Borninthec risisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence 3theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerc eandtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsocie ty.6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentsta tes,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9,therewaslessagree ment10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonly one11bytheSpanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13the officialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.Thedefe nseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuinge qualityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoaboli shslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhere eGceptSpain's17colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaGesonpeopl eofmiGedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19.Egalitarianse ntimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6.[A]Presumable[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]eGclusion[D]influence15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]eGpected[D]promised17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unpreparedforTheideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisone ofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeaAitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayita nyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworAsindependently3anyinstitution.Hehel pedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausew ereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggeste d.5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithano thertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhuma nityismoreintelligentthantheothers,buteGplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthi sabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Thepr ocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandc ulturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13heyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumber ofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14avepreviouslybeent houghtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof 16ucation.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17geneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststh attheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18isargumentisthattheunusualhist oryofthesepeoplehas19emtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedin this20ateofaffairs.1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risA7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile15.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument18.[A]linAed[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed20.[A]paradoGical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuousResearchonanimalintelligencealwaysmaAesmewonderjusthowsmarthum ansare.1thefruit-flyeGperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.F ruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives. Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybr ight.Intelligence,it5,isahigh-pricedoption.IttaAesmoreupAeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglineb ecauseitdependsonlearning-a7process-insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey 'veapparentlylearnediswhento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That'sthequestionbehindthisnewr esearch.IliAeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe'veleftinthe dustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyasAswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12the mindofeveryanimalI'veevermet.ResearchonanimalintelligencealsomaAesmewonderwhateGperimentsani malswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunni ngasmallscalestudyinoperantconditioning.Webelievethat15animalsranthelab s,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryfort errain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyh owmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuall yawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]thinA9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]bacAward11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]BetterstillIn1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosupervisea seriesofindustrialeGperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnho wstop-floorlightingworAers'productivity.Instead,thestudiesendedgivingtheirnamet othe"Hawthorneeffect",theeGtremelyinfluentialideathattheverytobeingeGpe rimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.TheideaarosebecauseofthebehaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Ac cordingtooftheeGperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincrease d,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.ItdidnotwhatwasdoneintheeGperiment;somethi ngwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)thattheywerebeingeGperimentedupons eemedtobetoalterworAers'behavioritself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedataweretoeconometrictheanalysis.Hawtho rneeGperimentshasanothersurprisestorethedescriptionsonrecord,nosystema ticwasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.ItturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheeGperimentsmaybehavelettoi nterpretationofwhathapped.,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.Whenwo rAstartedagainonMonday,outputrosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand 17torisefortheneGtcoupleofdays.,acomparisonwithdataforweeAswhenthere wasnoeGperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,worAerst obediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweeAinanycase,beforeaplateauandthensl acAeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown.1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]eGtracted[D]restored2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof4.[A]controversial[B]perpleGing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous5.[A]requirements[B]eGplanations[C]accounts[D]assessments6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]worA7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas8.[A]awareness[B]eGpectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion9.[A]suitable[B]eGcessive[C]enough[D]abundant10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading15.[A]Incontrast[B]ForeGample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued20.[A]breaAing[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hittingAncientGreeA philosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyeGercise precioustohealth.”But---__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphys ughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateand oGygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaug hisunliAelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walAingorjoggingdoes.__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,aseGercisedoes,laughterappa rentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacA tothe1930’sin dicatethatla ughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaug hdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstr ess.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___fe edbacA,thatimproveanindiv idual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicalthe oryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwa sarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresa dbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflo w__15___muscularresponses.InaneGperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsych ologistFritzStracA oftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyas Aedvolunteersto __16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)__17___eGpression.ThoseforcedtoeGercisetheirsmilingmuscles___18___moreeGuberantlytofunnycartoonsthan didthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___thateGpressions mayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.___20__,thephysi calactoflaughtercouldimprovemood..1.[A]among[B]eGcept[C]despite[D]liAe2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]eGpected8.[A]hardens[B]weaAens[C]tightens[D]relaGes9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11.[A]EGceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because14.[A]eGhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]picA[D]hold17.[A]disappointed[B]eGcited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselyTheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissue recently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbe haveliA epoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,foreGample,appearedatpoliticalevents.ThatAindofactivity maAesitlessliA elythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Parto ftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourts houldmaAeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary. Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthec ourtandpolitics.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompoliti cs.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpo werandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetla wapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_. Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalso cial_15_liAelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,th elawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust. Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybyma Aingthemselves_1 9_tothecodeofconduct.ThatwouldmaAerulingsmoreliAelytobeseenasseparatefr ompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize2.[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless3.[A]restored[B]weaAened[C]established[D]eliminated4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone7.[A]resorts[B]sticAs[C]loads[D]applies8.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict10.[A]by[B]as[C]though[D]towards11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace13.[A]confirm[B]eGpress[C]cultivate[D]offer14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]conceptions16.[A]eGcludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranAed[D]distorted18.[A]suppress[B]eGploit[C]address[D]ignore19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable20.[A]byallmesns[B]atallcosts[C]inaword[D]asaresultPeopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbacAgroundinformationwhenm aAingindividualdecisions.AtfirstglancethismightseemliAeastrengththat__1__th eabilitytomaAejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby__2___factors.ButDr.UriSimonso hnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig__3___wasleadingdecision-maAerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworAingwith.__4___ ,hetheorisedthatajudge__5___ofapperaringtoosoft__6__crimemightbemoreliAel ytosendsomeonetoprison__7___hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsiGotherdefenda ntsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.To__8__thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the__9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefe wothers__10___randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohosusp ectedthetruthwas__11___.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews__12___by31admissionsofficers.Thei nterviewershad__13___applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale__14___numero usfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere__15___usedinconjunctionwithanapp licant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTest,orGMAT,astandardize deGamwhichis__16___outof800points,tomaAeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthi morher.Dr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervie weeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone__17___that,thenthescorefo rtheneGtapplicantwould__18___byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsm all,butto__19___theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMAT pointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen__20___..1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]eGternal3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]eGternal4.[A]ForeGample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]success9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success10.[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified11.[A]eGceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise12.[A]inspired[B]eGpressed[C]conducted[D]secured13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]tooA15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marAed[D]introduced17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpfulReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblanAand marAA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10Points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandm entalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’tremember1weput theAeysjustamomentago,o ranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanol dbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniorm oments.”3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea( an)4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5.Neuroscientists,eGpertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowi ngthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedseGercis einmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyim proveourbasiccognitive8.ThinAingisessentiallya9ofmaAingconnectionsint hebrain.ToacertaineGtent,ourabilityto10inmaAingtheconnectionsthatdriv eintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffo rtandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecaneGpandandfluctuate12 mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastaA enitastep13anddevelopedthefirst“braintrainingpro gram”designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionsA ills.TheprogramAeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedbacA17y ourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhan cesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchliAea(n)20eGerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryy ourmuscleuse.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlooA6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]worAouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]eGcel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof13.[A]bacA[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]frameworA[D]fleGibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]tracA[C]order[D]pace17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]taAe20.[A]risAy[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiarThoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sha ringabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforn iaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademySciences,has2.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfrien dsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmed icalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousi nsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthe8ourA in.”Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmallweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutn otgenesforimmunity.WhythissimilarityeGistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoeGpl ain,fornow,10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutther eismore11it.TherecouldbemanymechanismsworAingtogetherthat12usinc hoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functional A inship”ofbeingfriendswi th14!OneoftheremarAablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenestobeevolution 15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpicAedpa ceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.ThefindingsdonotsimplyeGplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19b acAgrounds,saytheresearchers.Thoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapop ulationofEuropeaneGtraction,caretaAento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretaAenfromthesamepopulation.1、[A]what[B]why[C]how[D]when2、[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised3、[A]for[B]with[C]by[D]on4、[A]separated[B]sought[C]compared[D]connected5、[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]eGamples6、[A]Insignificant[B]uneGpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible7、[A]visit[B]miss[C]Anow[D]seeA8、[A]surpass[B]influence[C]favor[D]resemble9、[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus10、[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]LiAewise[D]Perhaps11、[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]liAe12、[A]limit[B]observe[C]confuse[D]drive13、[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith14、[A]chances[B]responses[C]benefits[D]missions15、[A]faster[B]slower[C]later[D]earlier16、[A]forecast[B]remember[C]eGpress[D]disruptive17、[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive18、[A]tendency[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]endeavor19、[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20、[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell。
2015年考研英语一真题与解析
2015 年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “ related ” as fourth cousins, sharing about That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairsof unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics atUC San Diego, says,“ Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes forimmunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanismsworking together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_ ” functional Kin friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_thanother genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’ s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, carewas taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】 [D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
2015年考研英语一真题与解析
2015 年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “ related ” as fourth cousins, sharing about That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairsof unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics atUC San Diego, says,“ Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes forimmunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanismsworking together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_ ” functional Kin friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_thanother genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’ s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, carewas taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】 [D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
2015考研考研英语完形填空真题练习
2015考研考研英语完形填空真题练习考研英语频道为您提供2015考研考研英语完形填空真题练习，希望大家还可以查看考研英语真题哦。
2015考研考研英语完形填空真题练习Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer’s account, which means that the writer of the check canearn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail答案：1-5: ADBDC6-10: BBDBA11-15: ADCCC16-20: CABAD。
2005-2015历年考研英语一完形填空真题
历年考研英语完形填空真题（2005）The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to thebrain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors ifnecessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore6.[A]even if[B]if only[C]only if[D]as if7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering[C]determining [D]detecting8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[D]diffused9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses12.[A]at first[B]at all[C]at large[D]at times13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient [D]insufficient15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware [D]tired18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice19.[A]available[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable20.[A]similar to[B]such as[C]along with[D]aside fromThe homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can't possibly 2.To help homeless people 3 independence,the federal government must support job training programs,4 the minimum wage,and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless.Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary,analysts do agree on another matter:that the number of the homeless is 8,one of the federal government's studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night,a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street.Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.Many others,14 not addicted or mentally ill,simply lack the everyday15 skills needed to turn their lives 16.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reedy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless.18 Edward Zlotkowski,director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,19it."There has to be 20 of programs.What we need is a package deal."1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore[D]Furthermore2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve[D]retain3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take[D]keep5.[A]Generally [B]Almost [C]Hardly [D]Not6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range[D]differ7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even[D]Only12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling[D]house13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering14.[A]when [B]once [C]while[D]whereas15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival[D]maintenance16.[A]around [B]over [C]on[D]up17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary[D]compensating18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes[D]makes20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation[D]coordinationBy 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism,many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government,careers 4 to talent,freedom of commerce and trade,the 5 to private property,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states,large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church,9,there was less agreement 10 the leadership.Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown.12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism13 the official religion of the new states,some sought to end the 14 of other faiths.The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,valuing equality of everything.Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies.Early promises to end Indian tribute andtaxes on people of mixed origin came much18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19.Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right [D]return6.[A]Presumable[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously [D]Generally7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical8.[A]freedom[B]origin [C]impact[D]reform9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded12.[A]Since[B]If [C]Unless[D]While13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred20.[A]puzzled by[B]hostile to[C]pessimistic about [D]unprepared forThe idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway.He is that 2 bird,a scientist who works independently 3 any institution.He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections,which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he,however,might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do.Together with another two scientists,he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others,but explains the process that has brought this about.The group in8 are a particular people originated from central Europe.The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test,9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100,and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West,as the 12 of their elites,including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases,such as breast cancer.These facts,14 ave previously been thought unrelated.The former has been 15 social effects,such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation.The latter was seen as a(an)17genetic isolation.Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of [B]with[C]in[D]against4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total11.[A]unconsciously [B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely [D]unaccountably12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile15.[A]given up[B]got over[C]carried on[D]put down16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing17.[A]development [B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuousResearch on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives.This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer,that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence,it 5,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning-a 7 process-instead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 8.Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence?That's the question behind this new research.I like it.Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we've leftin the dust I.Q.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be.This is 12 the mind of every animal I've ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14,is running a small scale study in operant conditioning.We believe that 15 animals ran the labs,they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for terrain.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17,not merely how much of it there is.18,they would hope to study a 19 question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20 the results are inconclusive.1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority5.[A]insists on[B]sums up[C]turns out[D]puts forward6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply14.[A]by chance[B]in contrast[C]as usual[D]for instance15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with18.[A]Above all[B]After all[C]However[D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile20.[A]By accident[B]In time[C]So far[D]Better stillIn 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting workers' productivity.Instead,the studies ended giving their name to the"Hawthorne effect",the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not what was done in the experiment;something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)that they were being experimented upon seemed to be to alter workers' behavior itself.After several decades,the same data were to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store the descriptions on record,no systematic was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to interpretation of what happed.,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up onMonday,workers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before a plateau and then slackening off.This suggeststhat the alleged"Hawthorne effect"is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored2.[A]at [B]up[C]with[D]off3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate [D]work7.[A]as far as[B]for fear that [C]in case that[D]so long as8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed12.[A]contrary to[B]consistent with[C]parallel with[D]peculiar to13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading15.[A]In contrast[B]For example[C]In consequence[D]As usual16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing [D]hittingAncient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.---”__1But some claims to the contrary, laughing probablyhas little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does __2___short-term changesin the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh isunlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after thelaugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’ s emotional state. __11___ classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions canflow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of w rzburg in Germanyü askedvolunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificialsmile –or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Thoseforced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funnycartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.___20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood..1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable [D]renewable6.[A]In turn[B]In fact[C]In addition[D]In brief7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens [D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10.[A]physical[B]mental [C]subconscious[D]internal11.[A]Except for[B]According to[C]Due to[D]As for12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselyThe ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue re cently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices b ehave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ thecourt ’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that thecourt ’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the cour t should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciar y.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_betweenthe court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politic s. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in pow er and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamentalsoc ial _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, th e law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about thecourt ’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate fro m politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D] recognize2.[A]when[B]lest [C]before[D] unless3.[A]restored[B]weakened [C]established[D] eliminated4.[A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone7.[A]resorts[B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8.[A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict10. [A]by[B]as[C]though[D]towards11.[A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12.[A]serve [B]satisfy[C]upset [D]replace13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions [D]conceptions16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable20.[A]by all mesns[B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultPeople are, on the whole, poor at considering background information whenmaking individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1__the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by __2___ factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big __3___ was leadingdecision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were workingwith. __4___ , he theorised that a judge __5___ of apperaring too soft __6__ crimemight be more likely to send someone to prison __7___ he had already sentenced fiveor six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To __8__ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the__9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others __10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was __11___ .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __12___by 31 admissionsofficers. The interviewers had__13___applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale__14___ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were __15___ used inconjunction with an applicant ’ s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test GMAT, a standardized exam which is__16___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one __17___that, then the score for the next applicant would __18___by an average of 0.075 points. This mightsound small, but to __19___ the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been __20___..1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]external4.[A]For example[B]On average[C]In principle[D]Above all5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]success9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success10.[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather16.[A]selected[B]passed [C]marked[D]introduced17.[A]before [B]after[C]above[D]below18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop [D]fluctuate19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpfulRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memoryand mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’ t r we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’ s name, or an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as“ senior moments.” 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there ’llys a ctualotthat can be done. It 6 out that the brain needsexercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expandand fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed thefirst “ brain training program ” designed to actually help people improve and r their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailedfeedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifiesand enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and varyyour muscle use.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]well being[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover [C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]according to[B]regardless of[C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order[D]pace17.[A]to [B]with [C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build[D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarThough not biologically related, friends are as “related ” as fourth cou sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says,“ most people do n their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the 8 our kin.”The study 9 found that the genes for small were something shared in friendsbut not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult toexplain, for now, 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments butthere is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “ functional Kinship friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes to beevolution 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why humanevolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being amajor 17 factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to be friend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1、 [A]what [B]why [C]how [D]when2、 [A]defended [B]concluded [C]withdrawn [D] advised3、 [A]for [B]with [C]by [D]on4、 [A]separated [B]sought [C]compared [D] connected5 、[A]tests [B] objects [C]samples [D]examples6、 [A]Insignificant [B]unexpected [C] unreliable [D]incredible7、 [A]visit [B]miss [C] know [D] seek8、 [A]surpass [B] influence [C] favor [D]resemble9、 [A]again [B] also [C]instead [D]thus10、[A] Meanwhile [ B]Furthermore [C] Likewise [D]Perhaps11、[A] about [ B] to [C] from [D]like12、[A] limit [ B] observe [C] confuse [D]drive13、[A] according to [ B] rather than [C] regardless of [D]along with14、[A]chances [ B]responses [C]benefits [D]missions15、[A] faster [ B]slower [C] later [D]earlier16、[A] forecast [ B] remember [C] express [D]disruptive17、[A] unpredictable [ B] contributory [C] controllable [D]disruptive。
2015年考研英语一真题与解析
2015 年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D onANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related ”as fourth cousins, sharing aboutThat is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs ofunrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics atUC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select asfriends the people who_(8)_our kin. ”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes forimmunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the teamsuggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanismsworking together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_ ”functional Kinfriends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_thanother genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, withsocial environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people ’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds,the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care wastaken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
2015年考研【英语一】真题及参考答案详解
11、 B to
介词题，意为：就像这个科研团队所发现的，这个因素不仅把我们带到详细的环境中来，更有一些深层次的影响。
12、D drive
词义题，根据上下文，对我们产生影响，驱使我们……
drive 为最佳选项。
13、B rather than
逻辑题，基因上相似的，功能上相似的，二者对立不能同时存在，
rather than 不是…而是最符合。
14、C benefits
跟“功能”搭配，选个褒义词，带来好处的，最佳。
15、A faster
词义题，根据后半句解释，这就是为什么“ picked pace”加速，这里只能选 faster，一些比另外一些进化得更快，符合文意。
16、D understand
词义题，这个研究可以帮助我们理解一个事实。
(13/20 ）
A owing to their
23 B the role of the nobility in modern democracies
此题属于细节题。 根据关键词定位到第四段最后一句话…
it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states 奇怪的是有钱的贵族
达济工作室【孙骏】整理编写
17、B contributory
本句意为：社会环境是最主要的一个因素。 Contributory 贡献，最佳。
18、A tendency
结合文章主旨，选择基因相似的人做朋友是普遍现象，
19、C ethnic
同义替换，基因背景相似，种族的，民族的，最符合。
2015年考研英语一真题答案(完整版)
2015年考研英语一真题答案（完整版）一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.Dendedhisreigninembarrassment.22.Cowingtotheundoubtedandrespectablestatus23.Atheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracy24.Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.25.DCarlos,alessonforallMonarchieshecksuspect'sphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.27.Adisapproval28.Agettingintoone'sresidenceitizens'privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected30.Bnewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheconstitution31.Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks32.Bmarked33.Dsetanexampleforotherjournals34.Chasroomforfurtherimprovement35.AsciencejoinsPushtoscreenstatisticsinpapers36.Dtheconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism37.Amorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking38.Cwashardlyconvincing39.Bgenerallydistortedvalues40.DmoralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaperPart B41.Cifyouareunfamiliar...42.Eyoumakefurtherinferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.Bfactorssuchas...45.Aarewestudyingthat ...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2015年考研英语(一)真题(含解析)
2015年考研英语（一）真题（含解析）2015研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Readthe following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As co-author of the study James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says, "Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin."The team also developed a "friendship score" which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes.The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now.10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than "functional kinship" of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply corroborate people's 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.1 A what B why C how D when2 A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised3 A for B with C by D on4 A separated B sought C compared D connected5 A tests B objects C samples D examples6 A insignificant B unexpected C unreliable D incredible7 A visit B miss C know D seek8 A surpass B influence C favor D resemble9 A again B also C instead D thus10 A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps11 A about B to C from D like12 A limit B observe C confuse D drive13 A according to B rather than C regardless of D along with14 A chances B responses C benefits D missions15 A faster B slower C later D earlier16 A forecast B remember C express D understand17 A unpredicted B contributory C controllable D disruptive18 A tendency B decision C arrangement D endeavor19 A political B religious C ethnic D economic20 A see B show C prove D tell答案解析1、A what 本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。
2015考研英语(一)答案及解析
2015考研英语一真题参考答案完形填空参考答案1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、know8、resemble9、also10、Perhaps11、to12、drive13、rather than14、benefits15、faster16、understand17、contributory18、tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.D ended his reign in embarrassment.22. C to give voters more public figures to look up to23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. D fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies26. C check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.A disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. C citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers36. D the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. A more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. B generally distorted values40. D moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.C If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using…42.E You make further inferences...43.G Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.B factors such as...45.A Are we studying that ...Part C46)受到各种强大的动机所驱使，这场运动在荒野中开创了一个国家;本质使然，它也塑造了这片未知大陆的性格和命运。
2015年考研【英语一】真题及参考答案详解
达济工作室【孙骏】整理编写“2015年考研《英语二》完整真题”由达济工作室在考后第一时间得知并发布,供各位考生参考。
更多2015考研答案、2015考研真题等信息，请关注达济工作室平台！达济工作室预祝大家考研成功!2015年考研【英语一】真题及答案详解【2015年12月28日达济工作室】(1/20）(2/20）(3/20）(4/20）(5/20）(6/20）(7/20）(8/20）(9/20）2015年考研【英语一】参考答案详解第一题完形填空参考答案解析1、A what本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。
第一个空考察表语从句的引导词。
2、B concluded本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。
第二个空为针对从句谓语进行的词义考察。
3、D on本句前半句的句意是：这项研究是一个基于1932个独特个体的基因组广谱分析。
考察Conduct on词组，进行。
从句意为：它对成对儿的非亲缘朋友和陌生人进行比较。
4、C compared比较，根据上下文及后一句的same知道，比较为最佳。
5、C samples词义题，样本，C为最佳选项。
6、A insignificant词义题，1%，以及后面的not so转折，判断，A insignificant不显著，为最佳选项。
7、C know句意为：一些人虽然并不认识他们第四代的表亲，但他们选择的朋友却和这些亲戚颇有相似之处。
8、D resemble词义题，和上一个空形成转折。
9、B also上下文逻辑题，发现了，还发现了。
Also为最佳选项。
10、D Perhaps结合上下文：这一现象很难解释，后面接原因，原因“可能”是……最符合文章大意。
11、B to介词题，意为：就像这个科研团队所发现的，这个因素不仅把我们带到详细的环境中来，更有一些深层次的影响。
12、D drive词义题，根据上下文，对我们产生影响，驱使我们……drive为最佳选项。
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分享考研资料，助力考研成功！
Байду номын сангаас
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There could be many mechanisms working in together that
friends
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5- One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving than other genes.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has
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2- The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted
1,932 unique subjects which
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of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.
their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who
our kin."
4- The study immunity.
found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for
Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now.
分享考研资料，助力考研成功！官方认证店铺：考研资料, as the team suggests, it draws us 11similar environments b1 Text 0
1- Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes.
That is
a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the
The same people were used in both
.
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Studying this could help environment being a major
why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social factor.
6- The findings do not simply corroborate people's backgrounds, say the researchers.
to befriend those of similar
Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population.