四级篇章词汇讲解

篇章词汇巅峰讲座篇章词汇理解文章长度大约在200—250词之间，主要测试考生对篇章语境中词汇的理解和运用能力，要求考生阅读一篇删去若干个（一般为10个）词语的短文，然后从所给的选项（一般为15个）中选择适当的词语填充，使短文复原。

Lecture 1第一讲5大线索帮助解题篇章词汇侧重考查考生对连贯性、一致性、逻辑关系等语篇、语段整体特征的理解以及在实际语境中对单词含义的把握，因此，考生要时刻记住不能孤立地看待每一个空格，要注意联系上下文进行综合分析，利用空格前后的线索来解题。

一、利用语法结构在阅读文章前，考生应该首先根据词性将各选项进行归类，如名词、动词、形容词、副词各包括哪几个选项。

然后，考生要根据空格所在句子的语法结构及上下文时态推测所填词可能的词性和形式，将选择范围限定在某一个或两个词性内。

【例1】（09 6 47）【原文】Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it.【选项】［D］enhance［G］hinder［M］require［O］urge 【解析】选［M］。

分析句子结构可知，所填词为unless从句的谓语动词，主语的复数形式、空后的宾语以及前后的一般现在时态表明，所填词应为及物动词原形。

空格前一句说，许多学生认为写作很难，空格句是说，他们从不写作，除非任务，备选动词原形中符合此处语义要求的是［M］require(需要，要求)。

［O］urge(敦促)为强干扰项，从汉语意思上看似乎符合语义要求，但该词后面一般跟to do，而不直接接名词作宾语，故排除。

二、利用逻辑关系解答篇章词汇，不能只考虑句子意思上的通顺，还要考虑上下文逻辑上的通顺，因此，把握上下文的因果、条件、转折、并列等逻辑关系，将有助于考生理解上下文的意思，从而推测出所填词可能的含义。

【例2】（09 6 48）【原文】They find the writing process 48 and difficult. 【选项】［A］closer ［B］daily ［C］emotional［E］enormous［I］painful［N］sensitive【解析】选［I］。

分析句子结构可知，所填词应与difficult一起充当find的宾语补足语，故也应为形容词。

and表明，所填词在语义上能与difficult并列，而且该词能与前面的宾语writing process构成合理的修饰关系，备选形容词中符合此处语义要求的是［I］painful(让人痛苦的，伤脑筋的)，此处是说，他们发现写作的过程很痛苦、很艰难。

［E］enormous(巨大的，庞大的)为强干扰项，该词在语义上也可以与difficult并列，但不能说“写作过程”巨大，故排除。

三、利用复现关系复现包括近义复现、反义复现、上义词复现、下义词复现以及同根词复现，在行文过程中，这种复现现象经常出现，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能在上下文中存在与其对应的指代词、同义词、近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词，甚至是原词。

考生在解题时，要注意根据、结合语境寻找到这些词语之间的有机联系。

【例3】（09 6 51）【原文】When I meet students who think they can t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity…【选项】［B］daily［H］mission［J］performance［K］profession［O］urge【解析】选［H］。

空前的代词my和空后的系动词is表明，所填词应该是单数可数名词或不可数名词。

从I know as a teacher my is to show them the rest of the rooms.和My task is to build fluency…来看，本空所填词和后句中的task很可能是同义关系，备选名词中符合此处语义要求的是答案为［H］mission(任务，使命)。

此处是将语言的整个过程比喻为一幢豪宅，而老师的任务就是引领学生看到豪宅里所有的房间。

四、利用共现关系共现主要是指语义场共现，即相互关联的一些词语共同描述同一个话题场景。

一篇文章中，每一个空格都不是孤立的，它很可能与上下文中的一些词汇属于同一个语义场，即描述同一个话题。

【例4】（08 12 53）【原文】… the readers often find that the 53 in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.【选项】［B］characters［F］desire［G］diversity［L］personnel［N］respect【解析】选［B］。

空前的定冠词the和空后的介词in提示所填词应为名词。

选项中能与空后名词stories构成同一个语义场的只有［B］characters（角色）。

五、利用搭配关系运用空格处与前后词语的搭配关系往往可以排除一些明显不符合搭配关系的选项，缩小选择范围，提高答案的准确率。

考虑词语的搭配关系时，不仅要考虑结构上的习惯搭配，还要考虑语义上的搭配关系。

【例5】（09 6 56）【原文】Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency, eloquence (雄辩), and command of language.【选项】［A］closer［B］daily［C］emotional［E］enormous［I］painful ［N］sensitive【解析】选［A］。

分析句子结构可知，所填词与空后的to fluency…一起充当step的后置定语，故所填词可能为形容词或分词，并能与介词to搭配。

备选项中没有分词，由此可确定所填词为形容词，备选形容词中能与to搭配的有［A］closer(更近的)和［N］sensitive(敏感的，灵敏的)，很显然，符合语义要求的是［A］closer。

此处是说，坚持每天写日记，学生们就会距离写作流畅、巧舌如簧和精通语言更近一步。

这里还要提醒考生一点，解答篇章词汇时，并不一定要严格按照空格的顺序来选择答案，可以先把自己有把握的空格填上，然后在备选项中删除该选项，这样可以为暂时填不出的空格缩小选择范围。

即讲即练Exercise 1Women s Day marks the role of women in both the past and the presen t. It was started to 1 the importance of working women and bring their problems to 2. However, 3 the day is not a one day agenda. The real challenge lies in the natural flow of feelings —honoring and celebrating womanhood on a particular March 8 only to forget its importance the next day is 4. In countries like South Africa, the people celebrate the national Women s Day on 9 August every year with a variety of events. Women s Day on 9 August marks the day, in 1956, when 20,000women 5 on the Union Buildings in Pretoria to protest against one of the cornerstones of apartheid — the passed laws. The countries will nowadays celebrate the month of August, by a ceremony 6 women in politics and decision making positions, and awarding them certificates of honor. International Women s Day was 7 in the United States during the 1910s and 1920s, but then 8. It was revived during the women s movement in the 1960s, but without its socialist associations. In 1981, the U.S. Congress passed a 9 establishing National Women s History Week. Since its founding, the National Women s History Project has recognized and celebrated the rich and 10 contributions of women to the history and culture of the United States.［223 words］［A］declined［B］celebrating［C］paraded［D］commemorated［E］light［F］resolution［G］marched［H］increasingly［I］essentially［J］highlight［K］disrespectful［L］diminished［M］varied ［N］promoting［O］determination Exercise 2“Against boredom the gods themselves fight in vain.”The saying let us find 1 in these words as we struggle to keep ourselves entertained on the condition of boredom.An academic has set out to prove that boredom — far from being a bad thing — is a 2 occurring emotion that should not be suppressed. Dr Richard Ralley, a psychology 3 at Edge Hill College in Ormskirk, Lancashire, has begun a study of boredom.He said: “Boredom can be a good thing. In psychology we think of emotion as being 4. Fear, anger and jealousy all serve a purpose but they re painted in a bad light even though they exist for a reason. It s the same with boredom, which also has a bad 5.”We get 6because we get sick when we have nothing to do and feel the need to be productive. We feel bad when we re not 7 and that s what boredom is 8 with. Boredom is something; it s not j u st 9 off. It can be useful. When there s nothing rewarding going on we conserve energy, so that when we want to 10 we can. There s a balance between doing something that s rewarding and doing something that s rewarding but not being happy about doing it.Boredom is natural. Y ou needn t force yourself to avoid having it. Y ou can control it in a way that can get yourself to do something challenging. It is natural, so let s deal with it.［243 words］［A］switching［B］productive［C］name［D］functional［E］lecturer［F］comfort［G］re engage ［H］bored［I］naturally ［J］associated［K］constructive［L］consciously［M］anxious［N］cooperated ［O］re employ【答案与解析】Exercise 1【文章大意】本文的主要内容是关于妇女节的重要意义。