思科认证考试 CCNA

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思科认证CCNA认证试题和答案中文版

思科认证CCNA认证试题和答案中文版思科认证CCNA认证试题和答案中文版想要获得思科认证，首先要参加由思科推荐并授权的培训中心(Cisco Training Partner，简称CTP)所开设的培训课程。

完成学业后再到由全球考试机构Sylvan Prometric授权的.考试中心参加由思科指定的科目的认证考试。

通过指定的系列科目考试后，学员就可以获得相应分支系列等级的资格认证。

下面是店铺为大家搜集的相关试题，供大家参考练习。

16、路由器A串口0配置如下interface serial0link-protocol pppppp pap local-user huawei password simple quidwayip address 2.2.2.1 255.0.0.0路由器B串口及全局配置如下local-user huawei service-type ppp password simple quidway!interface serial0link-protocol pppppp authentication-mode papip address 2.2.2.2 255.0.0.0当两台路由器串口0相连时，两台路由器是否可以连接到对端()(A) 能(B) 不能答案：A17、关于千兆以太网，以下说法正确的是( )(A) IEEE802.3ab定义了千兆以太网(B) 在同一冲突域中，千兆以太网不允许中继器的互连(C) IEEE802.3z专门定义了千兆以太网在双绞线上的传输标准(D) 千兆以太网支持网络速率的自适应，可以与快速以太网自动协商传输速率答案：AB参考知识点：华为3com认证教材第一册3-8页18、高层的协议将数据传递到网络层后，形成( )，而后传送到数据链路层(A) 数据帧(B) 信元(C) 数据包(D) 数据段答案：C参考知识点：华为3com认证教材第一册1-20页19、在路由器上配置帧中继静态map必须指定( )参数(A) 本地的DLCI(B) 对端的DLCI(C) 本地的协议地址(D) 对端的协议地址答案：AD20、路由器的主要性能指标不包括( )(A) 延迟(B) 流通量(C) 帧丢失率(D) 语音数据压缩比答案：D【思科认证CCNA认证试题和答案中文版】。

思科认证CCNA认证试题与答案中文版

(A) 224. 0. 0.5 (B) 127. 32. 5. 62 (0202. 112.5.0 (D) 162. 111. 111. Ill
答案：D 注释:这个题目不是太严谨,应该加上子网掩码. A:224. 0. 0. 5 是多播地址 B: 127. 0.0. 0 保留作为测试使用 C:网络地址 26、设置主接口由 up 转 down 后延迟 30 秒切换到备份接口，主接口由 down 转 up 后 60 秒钟切换回主接口的配置为()
忍一句，息一怒，饶一着，退一步。——《增广贤文》
人之为学，不日进则日退，独学无友，则孤陋而难成；久处一方，则习染而不自觉。——《顾炎武》
答案：D 注释:255. 255. 255. 255 是全网广播,DHCP 客户端发送全网广播来查找 DHCP 服务器. 24、下而有关 NAT 叙述正确的是() (A) NAT 是英文“地址转换”的缩写，又称地址翻译 (B) XAT 用来实现私有地址与公用网络地址之间的转换 (C) 当内部网络的主机访问外部网络的时候，一定不需要 NAT (D) 地址转换的提出为解决 IP 地址紧张的问题提供了一个有效途径答案:ABD 25、以下属于正确的主机的 IP 地址的是()
(A) arp-a (B) traceroute (C) routeprint (D) displayiprouting-table
答案：D 23、 D0. 0. 0 (B) 10. 0. 0. 1 (0127. 0. 0. 1 (D)255. 255. 255. 255
192. 168. 1. 1
答案：D 注释:PC 的'默认网关要指向路由器的以太网口的 IP 地址. 28、 ISDNB 信道速率是()
(A) 16kbps (B) 64kbps

Cisco CCNA 认证考试最新真题

Cisco CCNA 认证考试最新真题体验1. The command frame-relay map ip 10.121.16.8 102 broadcast was entered on the router. Which of the following statements is true concerning this command?A.This command should be executed from the global configuration mode.B.The IP address 10.121.16.8 is the local router port used to forward data.C.102 is the remote DLCI that will receive the information.D.The broadcast option allows packets, such as RIP updates, to be forwarded across the PVC2. While troubleshooting a network connectivity problem, a technician observes steady link lights on both the workstation NIC and the switch port to which the workstation is connected. However, when the ping command is issued from the workstation, the output message "Request timed out." is displayed. At which layer of the OSI model does the problem most likely exist?A.the session layerB.the network layerC.the data link layerD.the access layer3. In order to allow the establishment of a Telnet session with a router, which set of commands must be configured?A.router(config)# line console 0router(config-line)# enable password ciscoB.router(config)# line console 0router(config-line)# enable secret ciscorouter(config-line)# loginC.router(config)# line console 0router(config-line)# password ciscorouter(config-line)# loginD.router(config)# line vty 0router(config-line)# password cisco router(config-line)# login4. On point-to-point networks, OSPF hello packets are addressed to which address?A.127.0.0.1B.192.168.0.5C.224.0.0.5D.254.255.255.2555. What should be part of a comprehensive network security plan?A.Allow users to develop their own approach to network security.B.Physically secure network equipment from potential access by unauthorized individualsC.Encourage users to use personal information in their passwords to minimize the likelihood of passwords being forgottenD.Delay deployment of software patches and updates until their effect on end-user equipment is well known and widely reported6. During startup, the router displays the following error message:boot: cannot open "flash:" What will the router do next?A.Because of damaged flash memory, the router will fail the POST.B.It will attempt to locate the IOS from a TFTP server. If this fails, it will initiate the setup dialogC.It will attempt to locate the IOS from a TFTP server. If this fails, it will load a limited IOS from ROM.D.It will attempt to locate the configuration file from a TFTP server. If this fails, it will initiate the setup dialog7. At which OSI layer is a logical path created between two host systems?A.sessionB.transportworkD.physical8. A routing protocol is required that supports:1) routing update authentication2) an addressing scheme that conserves IP addresses3) multiple vendors4) a network with over 50 routersWhich routing protocol fulfills these requirements?A.RIPv1B.RIPv2C.EIGRPD.OSPF9. When a new trunk is configured on a 2950 switch, which VLANs by default are allowed over the trunk link?A.no VLANsB.all VLANsC.only VLANs 1 - 6D.only the VLANs that are specified when creating the trunk10. Which protocol provides a method of sharing VLAN configuration information between switches?A.VTPB.STPC.ISLD.802.1QDBDCB CCDBA博主的更多文章>>CCNA第一学期《Final Examination》2009-02-27 08:58:47 标签：CCNA[推送到技术圈]1请参见图示。

CCNA认证试题(中文+答案)

CCNA认证试题一（附答案和解析）中文版(一)1、目前，我国应用最为广泛的LAN标准是基于（）的以太网标准.(A) IEEE 802.1(B) IEEE 802.2(C) IEEE 802.3(D) IEEE 802.5答案：C参考知识点：现有标准：IEEE 802.1 局域网协议高层IEEE 802.2 逻辑链路控制IEEE 802.3 以太网IEEE 802.4 令牌总线IEEE 802.5 令牌环IEEE 802.8 FDDIIEEE 802.11 无线局域网记住IEEE802.1-------IEEE802.5的定义以太网是一种计算机局域网组网技术。

IEEE制定的IEEE 802.3标准给出了以太网的技术标准。

它规定了包括物理层的连线、电信号和介质访问层协议的内容。

以太网是当前应用最普遍的局域网技术。

它很大程度上取代了其他局域网标准，如令牌环、FDDI和ARCNET。

以太网的标准拓扑结构为总线型拓扑，但目前的快速以太网（100BASE-T、1000BASE-T标准）为了最大程度的减少冲突，最大程度的提高网络速度和使用效率，使用交换机（Switch）来进行网络连接和组织，这样，以太网的拓扑结构就成了星型，但在逻辑上，以太网仍然使用总线型拓扑的C***A/CD介质访问控制方法。

电气电子工程师协会或IEEE（Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers）是一个国际性的电子技术及信息科学工程师的协会。

建会于1963年1月1日。

总部在美国纽约市。

在150多个国家中它拥有300多个地方分会。

目前会员数是36万。

专业上它有35个专业学会和两个联合会。

IEEE发表多种杂志，学报，书籍和每年组织300多次专业会议。

IEEE定义的标准在工业界有极大的影响。

下面列出：IEEE802．3以太网标准802.3--------- 10Base以太网标准802.3u-------- 100Base-T（快速以太网）802.3z-------- 1000Base-X（光纤吉比特以太网）802.3ab-------- 1000Base-T（双绞线吉比特以太网）2、对于这样一个地址,192.168.19.255/20,下列说法正确的是: （）(A) 这是一个广播地址(B) 这是一个网络地址(C) 这是一个私有地址(D) 地址在192.168.19.0网段上(E) 地址在192.168.16.0网段上(F) 这是一个公有地址答案：CE注：IP地址中关键是看她的主机位，将子网掩码划为二进制，1对应上面的地址是网络位，0对应的地址是主机位192.168.19.255/20划为二进制为：11000000.10101000.00010011.1111111111111111.11111111.11110000.00000000主机位变成全0表示这个IP的网络地址主机槐涑扇?表示这个IP的广播地址RFC1918文件规定了保留作为局域网使用的私有地址：10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255(10/8 prefix)172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (1 72.16/12 prefix)192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168/16 prefix)3、Quidway系列路由器在执行数据包转发时，下列哪些项没有发生变化（假定没有使用地址转换技术）？（）(A) 源端口号(B) 目的端口号(C) 源网络地址(D) 目的网络地址(E) 源MAC地址(F) 目的MAC地址答案：ABCD参考知识点：路由功能就是指选择一条从源网络到目的网络的路径，并进行数据包的转发。

思科认证网络工程师CCNA平安认证考试大纲

思科认证网络工程师CCNA平安认证考试大纲思科认证网络工程师CCNA平安认证考试大纲CCNA平安认证可满足那些负责网络平安的IT专业人员的需求。

它表示通过认证的专业人士拥有相应的`专业技能，能够胜任网络平安专家、网络平安管理员和网络平安支持工程师等职位。

该认证所验证的技能包括：在保持数据和设备的完整性、保密性和可用性的条件下安装、故障排解和监控网络设备，以及使用思科在平安架构中所接受的技术进行开发的力气。

考试说明实施思科网络平安210-260 IINS考试时间为90分钟，考生需要完成60-70到考题。

210-260 IINS考试验证考生是否具备网络平安架构，理解网络平安核心概念，管理平安访问，VPN加密，防火墙，平安入侵防备，网页及邮件内容平安及终端设备平安等学问。

通过210-260 IINS考试证明考生拥有在思科平安网络架构中实施操作的力气。

考生可以通过参加实施思科网络平安(IINS)课程来预备参加考试。

考试大纲1.0 Security Concepts12%1.1 Common security principles1.1.a Describe confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA)1.1.b Describe SIEM technology1.1.c Identify common security terms1.1.d Identify common network security zones1.2 Common security threats1.2.a Identify common network attacks1.2.b Describe social engineering1.2.c Identify malware1.2.d Classify the vectors of data loss/exfiltration1.3 Cryptography concepts1.3.a Describe key exchange1.3.b Describe hash algorithm1.3.c Compare and contrast symmetric and asymmetric encryption1.3.d Describe digital signatures, certificates, and PKI1.4 Describe network topologies1.4.a Campus area network (CAN)1.4.b Cloud, wide area network (WAN)1.4.c Data center1.4.d Small office/home office (SOHO)1.4.e Network security for a virtual environment2.0 Secure Access14%2.1 Secure management2.1.a Compare in-band and out-of band2.1.b Configure secure network management2.1.c Configure and verify secure access through SNMP v3 using an ACL2.1.d Configure and verify security for NTP2.1.e Use SCP for file transfer2.2 AAA concepts2.2.a Describe RADIUS and TACACS+ technologies2.2.b Configure administrative access on a Cisco router using TACACS+2.2.c Verify connectivity on a Cisco router to a TACACS+ server2.2.d Explain the integration of Active Directory with AAA2.2.e Describe authentication and authorization using ACS and ISE2.3 802.1X authentication2.3.a Identify the functions 802.1X components2.4 BYOD2.4.a Describe the BYOD architecture framework2.4.b Describe the function of mobile device management (MDM)3.0 VPN17%3.1 VPN concepts3.1.a Describe IPsec protocols and delivery modes (IKE, ESP,AH, tunnel mode, transport mode)3.1.b Describe hairpinning, split tunneling, always-on, NAT traversal3.2 Remote access VPN3.2.a Implement basic clientless SSL VPN using ASDM3.2.b Verify clientless connection3.2.c Implement basic AnyConnect SSL VPN using ASDM3.2.d Verify AnyConnect connection3.2.e Identify endpoint posture assessment3.3 Site-to-site VPN3.3.a Implement an IPsec site-to-site VPN with pre-shared key authentication on Cisco routers and ASA firewalls3.3.b Verify an IPsec site-to-site VPN4.0 Secure Routing and Switching18%4.1 Security on Cisco routers4.1.a Configure multiple privilege levels4.1.b Configure Cisco IOS role-based CLI access4.1.c Implement Cisco IOS resilient configuration4.2 Securing routing protocols4.2.a Implement routing update authentication on OSPF4.3 Securing the control plane4.3.a Explain the function of control plane policing4.4 Common Layer 2 attacks4.4.a Describe STP attacks4.4.b Describe ARP spoofing4.4.c Describe MAC spoofing4.4.d Describe CAM table (MAC address table) overflows4.4.e Describe CDP/LLDP reconnaissance4.4.f Describe VLAN hopping4.4.g Describe DHCP spoofing4.5 Mitigation procedures4.5.a Implement DHCP snooping4.5.b Implement Dynamic ARP Inspection4.5.c Implement port security4.5.d Describe BPDU guard, root guard, loop guard4.5.e Verify mitigation procedures4.6 VLAN security4.6.a Describe the security implications of a PVLAN4.6.b Describe the security implications of a native VLAN5.0 Cisco Firewall Technologies18%5.1 Describe operational strengths and weaknesses of the different firewall technologies5.1.a Proxy firewalls5.1.b Application firewall5.1.c Personal firewall5.2 Compare stateful vs. stateless firewalls5.2.a Operations5.2.b Function of the state table5.3 Implement NAT on Cisco ASA 9.x5.3.a Static5.3.b Dynamic5.3.c PAT5.3.d Policy NAT5.3 e Verify NAT operations5.4 Implement zone-based firewall5.4.a Zone to zone5.4.b Self zone5.5 Firewall features on the Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) 9.x5.5.a Configure ASA access management5.5.b Configure security access policies5.5.c Configure Cisco ASA interface security levels5.5.d Configure default Cisco Modular Policy Framework (MPF)5.5.e Describe modes of deployment (routed firewall, transparent firewall)5.5.f Describe methods of implementing high availability5.5.g Describe security contexts5.5.h Describe firewall services6.0 IPS9%6.1 Describe IPS deployment considerations6.1.a Network-based IPS vs. host-based IPS6.1.b Modes of deployment (inline, promiscuous - SPAN, tap)6.1.c Placement (positioning of the IPS within the network)6.1.d False positives, false negatives, true positives, true negatives6.2 Describe IPS technologies6.2.a Rules/signatures6.2.b Detection/signature engines6.2.c Trigger actions/responses (drop, reset, block, alert, monitor/log, shun)6.2.d Blacklist (static and dynamic)7.0 Content and Endpoint Security12%7.1 Describe mitigation technology for email-based threats7.1.a SPAM filtering, anti-malware filtering, DLP, blacklisting, email encryption7.2 Describe mitigation technology for web-based threats7.2.a Local and cloud-based web proxies7.2.b Blacklisting, URL filtering, malware scanning, URLcategorization, web application filtering, TLS/SSL decryption7.3 Describe mitigation technology for endpoint threats7.3.a Anti-virus/anti-malware7.3.b Personal firewall/HIPS7.3.c Hardware/software encryption of local data。

思科考试CCNA

CCNA(1)适用班级：CCNA注意事项：1.在试卷的标封处填写姓名和班级2.考试时间共120分钟3.答案写在答题卡上1. What is the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned to hosts on a local subnetthat uses the subnet maskA. 14B. 15C. 16D. 30E. 31F. 622. You have a network that needs 29 subnets while maximizing the number of host addressesavailable on each subnet. How many bits must you borrow from the host field to provide thecorrect subnet maskA. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5E. 6F. 73. What is the subnetwork address for a host with the IP address The network address of provides how many subnets and hostsA. 7 subnets, 30 hosts eachB. 7 subnets, 2,046 hosts eachC. 7 subnets, 8,190 hosts eachD. 8 subnets, 30 hosts eachE. 8 subnets, 2,046 hosts eachF. 8 subnets, 8,190 hosts each5. Which two statements describe the IP address 10.16.3.65/23 (Choose two.)A. The subnet address is 10.16.3.0 The lowest host address in the subnet is 10.16.2.1 The last valid host address in the subnet is 10.16.2.254 The broadcast address of the subnet is 10.16.3.255 The network is not subnetted.6. If a host on a network has the address what is the subnetwork this hostbelongs toA. On a VLSM network, which mask should you use on point-to-point WAN links in order toreduce the waste of IP addressesA. /27B. /28C. /29D. /30E. /318. What is the subnetwork number of a host with an IP address of You have an interface on a router with the IP address of Including the routerinterface, how many hosts can have IP addresses on the LAN attached to the router interfaceA. 6B. 8C. 30D. 62E. 12610. You need to configure a server that is on the subnet The router has the firstavailable host address. Which of the following should you assign to the serverA. You have an interface on a router with the IP address of What is thebroadcast address the hosts will use on this LANA. You need to subnet a network that has 5 subnets, each with at least 16 hosts. Which classfulsubnet mask would you useA. A network administrator is connecting hosts A and B directly through their Ethernet interfaces,as shown in the illustration. Ping attempts between the hosts are unsuccessful. What can bedone to provide connectivity between the hosts (Choose two.)A. A crossover cable should be used in place of the straight-through cable.B. A rollover cable should be used in place of the straight-through cable.C. The subnet masks should be set to A default gateway needs to be set on each host.E. The subnet masks should be set to Address: Address: Cable164 Chapter 3 Subnetting, VLSMs, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP14. If an Ethernet port on a router were assigned an IP address of what wouldbe the valid subnet address of this hostA. Using the following illustration, what would be the IP address of E0 if you were using theeighth subnet The network ID is and you need to use the last available IPaddress in the range. The zero subnet should not be considered valid for this question.A. Using the illustration from the previous question, what would be the IP address of S0 if you wereusing the first subnet The network ID is and you need to use the last availableIP address in the range. Again, the zero subnet should not be considered valid for this question.A. Which configuration command must be in effect to allow the use of 8 subnets if the Class C subnet mask is Router(config)#ip classlessB. Router(config)#ip version 6C. Router(config)#no ip classfulD. Router(config)#ip unnumberedE. Router(config)#ip subnet-zeroF. Router(config)#ip all-nets18. You have a network with a subnet of Which is the valid host addressA. Your router has the following IP address on Ethernet0: Which of the following can be valid host IDs on the LAN interface attached to the router (Choose two.)A. To test the IP stack on your local host, which IP address would you pingA. 1.0.0.127C. You type show running-config and get this output:[output cut]Line console 0Exec-timeout 1 44Password 7098C0BQRLogin[output cut]What do the two numbers following the exec-timeout command meanA. If no command has been typed in 44 seconds, the console connection will be closed.B. If no router activity has been detected in 1 hour and 44 minutes, the console will be locked out.C. If no commands have been typed in 1 minute and 44 seconds, the console connection willbe closed.D. If you’re connected to the router by a Telnet connection, input must be detected within 1 minute and 44 seconds or the connection will be closed.22. You need to find the broadcast address used on a LAN on your router. What command willyou type into the router from user mode to find the broadcast addressA. show running-configB. show startup-configC. show interfacesD. show protocols23. You want to totally reinitialize the router and replace the current running-config with the current startup-config. What command will you useA. replace run startB. copy run startC. copy start runD. reloadReview Questions 24324. Which command will show you whether a DTE or a DCE cable is plugged into serial 0A. sh int s0B. sh int serial 0C. show controllers s 0D. show serial 0 controllers25. What keystroke will terminate setup modeA. Ctrl+ZB. Ctrl+^C. Ctrl+CD. Ctrl+Shift+^26. You set the console password, but when you display the configuration, the password doesn’t show up; it looks like this:[output cut]Line console 0Exec-timeout 1 44Password 7098C0BQRLogin[output cut]What cause the password to be stored like thisA. encrypt passwordB. service password-encryptionC. service-password-encryptionD. exec-timeout 1 4427. Which of the following commands will configure all the default VTY ports on a routerA. Router#line vty 0 4B. Router(config)#line vty 0 4C. Router(config-if)#line console 0D. Router(config)#line vty all28. Which of the following commands sets the secret password to CiscoA. enable secret password CiscoB. enable secret ciscoC. enable secret CiscoD. enable password Cisco244 Chapter 4 Cisco’s IOS and Security Device Manager29. If you wanted administrators to see a message when logging into the router, which command would you useA. message banner motdB. banner message motdC. banner motdD. message motd30. How many simultaneous Telnet sessions does a Cisco router support by defaultA. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4E. 5F. 631. What command do you type to save the configuration stored in RAM to NVRAMA. Router(config)#copy current to startingB. Router#copy starting to runningC. Router(config)#copy running-config startup-configD. Router#copy run startup32. You try to telnet into SFRouter from router Corp and receive this message:Corp#telnet SFRouterTrying SFRouter (10.0.0.1)…OpenPassword required, but none set[Connection to SFRouter closed by foreign host]Corp#Which of the following sequences will address this problem correctlyA. Corp(config)#line console 0B. SFRemote(config)#line console 0C. Corp(config)#line vty 0 4D. SFRemote(config)#line vty 0 433. Which command will delete the contents of NVRAM on a routerA. delete NVRAMB. delete startup-configC. erase NVRAMD. erase startReview Questions 24534. What is the problem with an interface if you type show interface serial 0 and receive the following messageSerial0 is administratively down, line protocol is downA. The keepalives are different times.B. The administrator has the interface shut down.C. The administrator is pinging from the interface.D. No cable is attached.35. Which of the following commands displays the configurable parameters and statistics of all interfaces on a routerA. show running-configB. show startup-configC. show interfacesD. show versions36. If you delete the contents of NVRAM and reboot the router, what mode will you be inA. Privileged modeB. Global modeC. Setup modeD. NVRAM loaded mode37. You type the following command into the router and receive the following output: Router#show serial 0/0^% Invalid input detected at ‘^’marker.Why was this error message displayedA. You need to be in privileged mode.B. You cannot have a space between serial and 0/0.C. The router does not have a serial0/0 interface.D. Part of the command is missing.38. You type Router#sh ru and receive an % ambiguous command error. Why did you receivethis messageA. The command requires additional options or parameters.B. There is more than one show command that starts with the letters ru.C. There is no show command that starts with ru.D. The command is being executed from the wrong router mode.246 Chapter 4 Cisco’s IOS and Security Device Manager39. Which of the following commands will display the current IP addressing and the layer 1 and2 status of an interface (Choose three.)A. show versionB. show protocolsC. show interfacesD. show controllersE. show ip interfaceF. show running-config40. What layer of the OSI model would you assume the problem is in if you type show interface serial 1 and receive the following messageSerial1 is down, line protocol is downA. Physical layerB. Data Link layerC. Network layerD. None; it is a router problem.41. What does the command o/r 0x2142 provideA. It is used to restart the router.B. It is used to bypass the configuration in NVRAM.C. It is used to enter ROM Monitor mode.D. It is used to view the lost password.42. Which command will copy the IOS to a backup host on your networkA. transfer IOS to copy run startC. copy tftp flashD. copy start tftpE. copy flash tftp43. You are troubleshooting a connectivity problem in your corporate network and want to isolate the problem. You suspect that a router on the route to an unreachable network is at fault.What IOS user exec command should you issueA. Router>pingB. Router>traceC. Router>show ip routeD. Router>show interfaceE. Router>show cdp neighbors44. You copy a configuration from a network host to a router’s RAM. The configuration looks correct, yet it is not working at all. What could the problem beA. You copied the wrong configuration into RAM.B. You copied the configuration into flash memory instead.C. The copy did not override the shutdown command in running-config.D. The IOS became corrupted after the copy command was initiated.45. A network administrator wants to upgrade the IOS of a router without removing the image currently installed. What command will display the amount of memory consumed by the currentIOS image and indicate whether there is enough room available to hold both the currentand new imagesA. show versionB. show flashC. show memoryD. show buffersE. show running-config46. The corporate office sends you a new router to connect, but upon connecting the console cable,you see that there is already a configuration on the router. What should be done before a new configuration is entered in the routerA. RAM should be erased and the router restarted.B. Flash should be erased and the router restarted.C. NVRAM should be erased and the router restarted.D. The new configuration should be entered and saved.47. Which command loads a new version of the Cisco IOS into a routerA. copy flash ftpB. copy ftp flashC. copy flash tftpD. copy tftp flash48. Which command will show you the IOS version running on your routerA. sh IOSB. sh flashC. sh versionD. sh running-config49. What should the configuration register value be after you successfully complete the password recovery procedure and return the router to normal operationA. 0x2100B. 0x2101C. 0x2102D. 0x214250. You save the configuration on a router with the copy running-config startup-configcommand and reboot the router. The router, however, comes up with a blank configuration.What can the problem beA. You didn’t boot the router with the correct command.B. NVRAM is corrupted.C. The configuration register setting is incorrect.D. The newly upgraded IOS is not compatible with the hardware of the router.E. The configuration you save is not compatible with the hardware.51. If you want to have more than one Telnet session open at the same time, what keystroke combination would you useA. Tab+spacebarB. Ctrl+X, then 6C. Ctrl+Shift+X, then 6D. Ctrl+Shift+6, then X52. You are unsuccessful in telnetting into a remote device. What could the problem be (Choose two.)A. IP addresses are incorrect.B. Access control list is filtering Telnet.C. There is a defective serial cable.D. The VTY password is missing.53. What information is displayed by the show hosts command (Choose two.)A. Temporary DNS entriesB. The names of the routers created using the hostname commandC. The IP addresses of workstations allowed to access the routerD. Permanent name-to-address mappings created using the ip host commandE. The length of time a host has been connected to the router via Telnet54. Which three commands can be used to check LAN connectivity problems on a router(Choose three.)A. show interfacesB. show ip routeC. tracertD. pingE. dns lookups55. You telnet to a router and make your necessary changes; now you want to end the Telnet session. What command do you type inA. closeB. disableC. disconnectD. exit56. You telnet into a remote device and type debug ip rip, but no output from the debug command is seen. What could the problem beA. You must type the show ip rip command first.B. IP addressing on the network is incorrect.C. You must use the terminal monitor command.D. Debug output is sent only to the console.57. Which command displays the configuration register settingA. show ip routeB. show boot versionC. show versionD. show flash58. You need to gather the IP address of a remote switch that is located in Hawaii. What can youdo to find the addressA. Fly to Hawaii, console into the switch, then relax and have a drink with an umbrella in it.B. Issue the show ip route command on the router connected to the switch.C. Issue the show cdp neighbor command on the router connected to the switch.D. Issue the show ip arp command on the router connected to the switch.E. Issue the show cdp neighbors detail command on the router connected to the switch.59. You have your laptop directly connected into a router’s Ethernet port. Which of the following are among the requirements for the copy flash tftp command to be successful (Choose three.)A. TFTP server software must be running on the router.B. TFTP server software must be running on your laptop.C. The Ethernet cable connecting the laptop directly into the router’s Ethernet port mu st bea straight-through cable.D. The laptop must be on the same subnet as the router’s Ethernet interface.E. The copy flash tftp command must be supplied the IP address of the laptop.F. There must be enough room in the flash memory of the router to accommodate the file tobe copied.60. The configuration register setting of 0x2102 provides what function to a routerA. Tells the router to boot into ROM monitor modeB. Provides password recoveryC. Tells the router to look in NVRAM for the boot sequenceD. Boots the IOS from a TFTP serverE. Boots an IOS image stored in ROM61. A receiving host has failed to receive all of the segments that it should acknowledge. What can the host do to improve the reliability of this communication sessionA. Send a different source port number.B. Restart the virtual circuit.C. Decrease the sequence number.D. Decrease the window size.62. Which fields are contained within an IEEE Ethernet frame header (Choose two.)A. Source and destination MAC addressB. Source and destination network addressC. Source and destination MAC address and source and destination network addressD. FCS field63. Which layer 1 devices can be used to enlarge the area covered by a single LAN segment (Choose two.)A. SwitchB. NICC. HubD. RepeaterE. RJ45 transceiver64. Segmentation of a data stream happens at which layer of the OSI modelA. PhysicalB. Data LinkC. NetworkD. Transport65. Which of the following describe router functions (Choose four.)A. Packet switchingB. Collision preventionC. Packet filteringD. Broadcast domain enlargementE. Internetwork communicationF. Broadcast forwardingG. Path selection66. Routers operate at layer __. LAN switches operate at layer __. Ethernet hubs operate at layer __. Word processing operates at layer __.A. 3, 3, 1, 7B. 3, 2, 1, noneC. 3, 2, 1, 7D. 2, 3, 1, 7E. 3, 3, 2, none67. When data is encapsulated, which is the correct orderA. Data, frame, packet, segment, bitB. Segment, data, packet, frame, bitC. Data, segment, packet, frame, bitD. Data, segment, frame, packet, bit68. Why does the data communication industry use the layered OSI reference model (Choose two.)A. It divides the network communication process into smaller and simpler components, thus aiding component development, design, and troubleshooting.B. It enables equipment from different vendors to use the same electronic components, thus saving research and development funds.C. It supports the evolution of multiple competing standards and thus provides business opportunities for equipment manufacturers.D. It encourages industry standardization by defining what functions occur at each layer ofthe model.E. It provides a framework by which changes in functionality in one layer require changes inother layers.69. What are two purposes for segmentation with a bridgeA. To add more broadcast domainsB. To create more collision domainsC. To add more bandwidth for usersD. To allow more broadcasts for users70. Which of the following are unique characteristics of half-duplex Ethernet when compared tofull-duplex Ethernet (Choose two.)A. Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a shared collision domain.B. Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a private collision domain.C. Half-duplex Ethernet has higher effective throughput.D. Half-duplex Ethernet has lower effective throughput.E. Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a private broadcast domain.58 Chapter 1 Internetworking71. You want to implement a network medium that is not susceptible to EMI. Which type of cabling should you useA. Thicknet coaxB. Thinnet coaxC. Category 5 UTP cableD. Fiber-optic cable72. Acknowledgments, sequencing, and flow control are characteristics of which OSI layerA. Layer 2B. Layer 3C. Layer 4D. Layer 773. Which of the following are types of flow control (Choose all that apply.)A. BufferingB. Cut-throughC. WindowingD. Congestion avoidanceE. VLANs74. Which of the following types of connections can use full duplex (Choose three.)A. Hub to hubB. Switch to switchC. Host to hostD. Switch to hubE. Switch to host75. What is the purpose of flow controlA. To ensure that data is retransmitted if an acknowledgment is not receivedB. To reassemble segments in the correct order at the destination deviceC. To provide a means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the senderD. To regulate the size of each segment76. Which three statements are true about the operation of a full-duplex Ethernet networkA. There are no collisions in full-duplex mode.B. A dedicated switch port is required for each full-duplex node.C. Ethernet hub ports are preconfigured for full-duplex mode.D. In a full-duplex environment, the host network card must check for the availability of the network media before transmitting.E. The host network card and the switch port must be capable of operating in full-duplex mode. Review Questions 5977. What type of RJ45 UTP cable is used between switchesA. Straight-throughB. Crossover cableC. Crossover with a CSU/DSUD. Crossover with a router in between the two switches78. How does a host on an Ethernet LAN know when to transmit after a collision has occurred (Choose two.)A. In a CSMA/CD collision domain, multiple stations can successfully transmit data simultaneously.B. In a CSMA/CD collision domain, stations must wait until the media is not in use before transmitting.C. You can improve the CSMA/CD network by adding more hubs.D. After a collision, the station that detected the collision has first priority to resend thelost data.E. After a collision, all stations run a random backoff algorithm. When the backoff delay period has expired, all stations have equal priority to transmit data.F. After a collision, all stations involved run an identical backoff algorithm and then synchronize with each other prior to transmitting data.79. What type of RJ45 UTP cable do you use to connect a PC’s COM port to a router or switch console portA. Straight-throughB. Crossover cableC. Crossover with a CSU/DSUD. Rolled80. You have the following binary number:What are the decimal and hexadecimal equivalentsA. 69/0x2102B. 183/B7C. 173/A6D. 83/0xC581. What are the decimal and hexadecimal equivalents of the binary number(Choose two.)A. 159B. 157C. 185D. 0x9DE. 0xD9F. 0x15982. Which of the following allows a router to respond to an ARP request that is intended for a remote hostA. Gateway DPB. Reverse ARP (RARP)C. Proxy ARPD. Inverse ARP (IARP)E. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)83. You want to implement a mechanism that automates the IP configuration, including IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS information. Which protocol will you useto accomplish thisA. SMTPB. SNMPC. DHCPD. ARP84. What protocol is used to find the hardware address of a local deviceA. RARPB. ARPC. IPD. ICMPE. BootP85. Which of the following are layers in the TCP/IP model (Choose three.)A. ApplicationB. SessionC. TransportD. InternetE. Data LinkF. Physical86. Which class of IP address provides a maximum of only 254 host addresses per network IDA. Class AB. Class BC. Class CD. Class DE. Class E87. Which of the following describe the DHCP Discover message (Choose two.)A. It uses FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF as a layer 2 broadcast.B. It uses UDP as the Transport layer protocol.C. It uses TCP as the Transport layer protocol.D. It does not use a layer 2 destination address.8. Which layer 4 protocol is used for a Telnet connectionA. IPB. TCPC. TCP/IPD. UDPE. ICMP89. Which statements are true regarding ICMP packets (Choose two.)A. They acknowledge receipt of a TCP segment.B. They guarantee datagram delivery.C. They can provide hosts with information about network problems.D. They are encapsulated within IP datagrams.E. They are encapsulated within UDP datagrams.90. Which of the following services use TCP (Choose three.)A. DHCPB. SMTPC. SNMPD. FTPE. HTTPF. TFTP91. Which of the following services use UDP (Choose three.)A. DHCPB. SMTPC. SNMPD. FTPE. HTTPF. TFTP92. Which of the following are TCP/IP protocols used at the Application layer of the OSI model (Choose three.)A. IPB. TCPC. TelnetD. FTPE. TFTP93. The following illustration shows a data structure header. What protocol is this header fromA. IPB. ICMPC. TCPD. UDPE. ARPF. RARP94. If you use either Telnet or FTP, which is the highest layer you are using to transmit dataA. ApplicationB. PresentationC. SessionD. Transport95. The DoD model (also called the TCP/IP stack) has four layers. Which layer of the DoD model is equivalent to the Network layer of the OSI modelA. ApplicationB. Host-to-HostC. InternetD. Network Access96. Which two of the following are private IP addressesA. 12.0.0.1B. What layer in the TCP/IP stack is equivalent to the Transport layer of the OSI model A. ApplicationB. Host-to-HostC. InternetD. Network Access98. Which statements are true regarding ICMP packets (Choose two)A. ICMP guarantees datagram delivery.B. ICMP can provide hosts with information about network problems.C. ICMP is encapsulated within IP datagrams.D. ICMP is encapsulated within UDP datagrams.99. What is the address range of a Class B network address in binaryA. 01xxxxxxB. 0xxxxxxxC. 10xxxxxxD. 110xxxxx100. Which of the following protocols uses both TCP and UDPA. FTPB. SMTPC. TelnetD. DNS答题卡。

网络工程师CCNA证书考试题库

网络工程师CCNA证书考试题库网络工程师是当今社会上一种备受青睐的职业，具备CCNA证书是成为一名合格网络工程师的基本要求之一。

CCNA（Cisco Certified Network Associate）是思科公司提供的一种权威的网络证书，考试内容涵盖了网络基础知识、路由器和交换机配置、网络安全等方面的内容。

下面将为大家整理一份网络工程师CCNA证书考试题库，供大家参考和复习。

一、网络基础知识1. OSI参考模型中，哪一层负责确定数据如何在网络中传输？A. 应用层B. 传输层C. 网络层D. 数据链路层2. IP地址的子网掩码用来做什么？A. 区分网络地址和主机地址B. 确定网络的物理拓扑C. 控制网络访问权限D. 提高网络安全性3. TCP协议是一种什么类型的协议？A. 面向连接型B. 面向无连接型C. 面向消息型D. 面向数据流型4. 下面哪种传输介质是最适合用于在大楼内部连接不同楼层的网络设备？A. 双绞线B. 同轴电缆C. 光纤D. 无线电波二、路由器和交换机配置1. 在路由器上配置静态路由需要设置哪些参数？A. 出接口B. 下一跳地址C. 网关地址D. 子网掩码2. 交换机的VLAN技术主要用来实现什么功能？A. 提高网络传输速度B. 划分不同的广播域C. 增加网络安全性D. 实现无线网络连接3. 在路由器上配置NAT技术的目的是什么？A. 增加网络带宽B. 实现内网主机与外网通信C. 提高网络可靠性D. 实现跨平台数据传输4. 交换机端口默认是属于哪个VLAN？A. VLAN1B. VLAN10C. VLAN100D. VLAN1000三、网络安全1. 以下哪种加密算法用于保护传输过程中的数据机密性？A. DESB. MD5C. RSAD. SHA2. 防火墙的作用是什么？A. 限制网络带宽的使用B. 监控网络流量C. 阻止非法入侵D. 加快网络数据传输速度3. 在网络安全方面，ACL（访问控制列表）主要用来控制什么？A. 网络拓扑B. 主机访问权限C. 广播域D. 数据传输速度4. DDos攻击是指什么？A. 拒绝服务攻击B. 数据泄露攻击C. 蠕虫攻击D. 恶意代码攻击通过以上网络工程师CCNA证书考试题库的复习，相信大家可以更加全面地了解CCNA考试的内容要求，提升自己的备考水平。

思科ccna复习题

思科ccna复习题思科CCNA复习题是许多IT从业者在准备网络认证考试时面临的重要挑战。

CCNA（Cisco Certified Network Associate）认证是全球范围内最受认可的网络认证之一，它涵盖了网络基础知识、路由和交换技术、网络安全、无线网络等方面的内容。

在复习CCNA考试的过程中，掌握并解答复习题是一种非常有效的学习方法。

本文将介绍一些常见的CCNA复习题，并给出相应的解答和解析。

一、网络基础知识1. 什么是IP地址？IP地址有几种类型？答：IP地址是用于标识网络上设备（如计算机、路由器等）的一串数字。

IP地址分为IPv4和IPv6两种类型。

IPv4使用32位二进制数表示，通常以四个十进制数表示，每个数的取值范围是0-255。

IPv6使用128位二进制数表示，通常以八组四位十六进制数表示。

2. 什么是子网掩码？如何计算子网掩码？答：子网掩码是用于划分IP地址的网络部分和主机部分的一串二进制数。

计算子网掩码的方法是将IP地址中网络部分的位全部设置为1，主机部分的位全部设置为0。

例如，对于IP地址192.168.0.1，如果要将前24位作为网络部分，剩余8位作为主机部分，那么子网掩码为255.255.255.0。

二、路由和交换技术1. 什么是路由器？它的作用是什么？答：路由器是一种网络设备，用于在不同的网络之间传输数据包。

它通过查找路由表，将数据包从源地址传输到目标地址。

路由器的作用是实现不同网络之间的互联和数据转发。

2. 什么是交换机？与路由器有何区别？答：交换机是一种网络设备，用于在局域网内传输数据包。

它通过学习MAC地址，将数据包从源地址传输到目标地址。

交换机与路由器的区别在于作用范围不同，交换机只能在局域网内传输数据，而路由器可以在不同网络之间传输数据。

三、网络安全1. 什么是防火墙？它的作用是什么？答：防火墙是一种网络安全设备，用于监控和控制网络数据流。

它通过过滤、检测和阻止不安全的网络流量，保护网络免受未经授权的访问、攻击和数据泄露。

2023年CCNA考试真题答案分析

2023年CCNA考试真题答案分析作为全球性的IT认证考试之一，CCNA（Cisco Certified Network Associate）考试一直以来都备受关注。

2023年CCNA考试的真题是许多考生关注的焦点。

下面将对2023年CCNA考试的真题答案进行分析，旨在帮助考生更好地了解考试的内容和要求。

一、第一题：在OSPF协议中，下面哪个区域是Stub区域？答案：区域0（Area 0）分析：OSPF（Open Shortest Path First）是一种广泛使用的内部网关协议（IGP）。

在OSPF中，区域被用于划分网络，Stub区域是指一个没有外部路由进入的区域。

在OSPF中，区域0通常被称为Backbone区域，是所有其他区域的集线器。

因此，区域0是Stub区域。

二、第二题：在TCP/IP协议栈中，下面哪个协议负责将IP地址转换为MAC地址？答案：ARP（Address Resolution Protocol）分析：ARP是一种用于将IP地址转换为MAC地址的协议，它工作在TCP/IP协议栈的网络层和数据链路层之间。

当一个主机需要发送数据包到目标主机时，它首先会查询ARP缓存表，如果找不到目标主机的MAC地址，则会发送ARP请求广播，请求目标主机回应其MAC地址。

三、第三题：在VLAN中，下面哪个协议用于实现不同VLAN之间的通信？答案：路由协议或三层交换机分析：VLAN（Virtual Local Area Network）是一种实现逻辑隔离的技术，可以将物理上的网络划分为多个逻辑上的网络。

不同VLAN之间的通信需要通过路由器或三层交换机来实现。

路由器可以实现不同VLAN之间的互联，而三层交换机具备路由功能，可以在交换机内部实现不同VLAN之间的通信。

四、第四题：以下哪种网络攻击会使用大量的伪造的IP数据包来淹没目标网络？答案：DDoS（Distributed Denial of Service）分析：DDoS是一种分布式拒绝服务攻击，攻击者会利用多个主机发送大量的伪造IP数据包到目标网络，造成网络堵塞、服务不可用等问题。

ccna考试试题库

ccna考试试题库CCNA（Cisco Certified Network Associate）考试是思科认证网络专家的初级认证，主要测试考生在网络基础、路由、交换、无线和安全等方面的知识。

以下是一些模拟CCNA考试的试题和答案：1. 什么是子网掩码，它有什么作用？答案：子网掩码是一种IP地址的附加信息，用于指定IP地址中网络部分和主机部分的界限。

它的作用是允许路由器区分IP地址中的网络地址和主机地址，从而实现不同网络之间的路由。

2. 描述静态路由和动态路由的区别。

答案：- 静态路由：由网络管理员手动配置的路由信息，不随网络结构的变化而自动调整。

- 动态路由：由路由器根据网络拓扑的变化自动生成和更新的路由信息。

3. 什么是VLAN，它有什么好处？答案： VLAN（虚拟局域网）是一种在交换机上划分不同网络的技术，即使物理上连接在同一交换机上，也可以属于不同的VLAN。

VLAN的好处包括提高安全性、减少广播域、提高网络管理的灵活性等。

4. 简述TCP和UDP的区别。

答案：- TCP（传输控制协议）：提供可靠的、面向连接的传输服务，有流量控制和拥塞控制机制。

- UDP（用户数据报协议）：提供不可靠的、无连接的传输服务，适用于对实时性要求高的应用。

5. 什么是DHCP，它的作用是什么？答案： DHCP（动态主机配置协议）是一种网络管理协议，用于自动分配IP地址和其他网络配置信息给网络中的设备。

它的作用是简化网络配置，避免IP地址冲突。

6. 什么是NAT，它在网络中扮演什么角色？答案： NAT（网络地址转换）是一种技术，允许多个设备共享一个公共IP地址与互联网通信。

它在网络中扮演的角色是节省IP地址资源，隐藏内部网络结构。

7. 什么是STP（生成树协议）？答案： STP（生成树协议）是一种网络协议，用于在局域网中防止网络环路的产生。

通过创建一个无环的逻辑拓扑，STP确保网络的稳定性和可靠性。

8. 描述OSPF（开放最短路径优先）协议的工作原理。

思科考试认证(CISCO)CCNA认证笔试和实验内容!(1)-思科认证试题

思科考试认证（ＣＩＳＣＯ）CCNA认证笔试和实验内容!(1)-思科认证试题CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) Certification Exam ObjectivesThe CCNA (640-407) exam will consist of a combination of the following objectives:1) Identify and describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the OSI reference model.2) Describe connection-oriented network service and connectionless network service, and identify the key differences between them.3) Describe data link addresses and network addresses, and identify the key differences between them.4) Define and describe the function of a MAC address.5) Define flow control and describe the three basic methods used in networking.6) Differentiate between the following WAN services: Frame Relay, ISDN/LAPD, HDLC, & PPP.7) Log into a router in both user and privileged modes.8) Use the context-sensitive help facility.9) Use the command history and editing features.10) Examine router elements (RAM, ROM, CDP, show).11) Manage configuration files from the privileged exec mode.12) Control router passwords, identification, and banner.13) Identify the main Cisco IOS commands for router startup.14) Check an initial configuration using the setup command.15) Copy and manipulate configuration files.16) List the commands to load Cisco IOS software from: flash memory, a tftp server, or ROM.17) Prepare to backup, upgrade, and load a backup Cisco IOS software image.18) List the key internetworking functions of the OSI Network layer and how they are performed in a router.19) Describe the two parts of network addressing, then identify the parts in specific protocol address examples.20) List problems that each routing type encounters when dealing with topology changes and describe techniques to reduce the number of these problems.21) Explain the services of separate and integrated multiprotocol routing.22) Describe the different classes of IP addresses [and subnetting].23) Configure IP addresses.24) Verify IP addresses.25) Prepare the initial configuration of your router and enable IP.26) Add the RIP routing protocol to your configuration.27) Add the IGRP routing protocol to your configuration.28) List the required IPX address and encapsulation type.29) Enable the Novell IPX protocol and configure interfaces.30) Monitor Novell IPX operation on the router.<BR。

思科认证考试

思科认证考试
在现代科技领域，网络技术的重要性愈发突出。

思科认证作为全球领先的网络
解决方案供应商，其认证考试备受广大技术从业人员的关注和追求。

通过思科认证考试，不仅可以证明个人在网络技术领域的专业知识和技能，还可以为个人职业发展打下坚实的基础。

思科认证的种类
思科认证从最基础的CCENT（思科认证入门级）到最高级的CCIE（思科认证
专家级），涵盖了广泛的网络技术领域。

其中，CCNA（思科认证中级）是许多从
业人员努力追求的目标，因为它标志着个人在网络领域的一定功底和认可度。

思科认证考试的内容
思科认证考试包括理论知识考核和实际操作考核两个部分。

理论知识考核主要
考察考生对网络技术的了解和掌握程度，而实际操作考核则更注重考生在实际网络环境下的应用能力和解决问题的能力。

思科认证考试的备考方法
备考思科认证考试，首先要全面复习网络技术相关知识，建立扎实的理论基础。

其次，需要通过实际操作来巩固知识，熟练掌握网络设备的配置和故障排查技能。

最后，参加模拟考试，对已学知识进行检验和总结，及时调整备考策略。

思科认证考试的意义
思科认证考试不仅仅是一份证书，更是对个人专业水平和技能的认可，是个人
职业发展的重要里程碑。

拥有思科认证可以为个人在就业市场中增加竞争力，为个人提供更多的发展机会和广阔的职业空间。

综上所述，思科认证考试是现代网络技术领域的重要一环，其意义远远超出一
份证书的价值。

通过认真备考和努力实践，每一位考生都有机会在思科认证考试中展现自己的技能和才华，为自己的职业生涯开辟更加美好的未来。

专业证书：CCNA VS CCNP

专业证书：CCNA VS CCNP网络世界深不可测，而作为这个世界的一名从业者，拥有一些网络领域的专业证书，能够帮助我们更好地在职场中发展，并提高自己的专业技能。

而在网络领域中，最为普及的两个证书便是CCNA和CCNP。

本文将从证书的定义、学习难度、适用岗位、薪资待遇等方面介绍这两个证书。

CCNA：初级网络工程师必备证书CCNA全称为CISCO Certified Network Associate，也就是思科认证网络工程师。

该证书是入门级别的网络工程师必考证书，获得该证书的考生需通过思科公司指定的考试，考试考察内容包括网络基础知识、LAN、WLAN、NAT、ACL等基础网络技术，具有网络规划、部署、维护能力。

相比于其他初级证书，CCNA考试的难度略高，如果没有一定的网络知识基础，将会对考生造成挑战。

另外，CCNA的认证有效期为3年，3年内需参加一定数量的继续教育项目或重新参加CCNA认证考试以更新认证。

这意味着，获得CCNA证书并不意味着考生可以一劳永逸地拥有该证书，考生必须在有效期内保持技能和知识的更新。

而CCNA证书可以帮助其持有人进入网络领域、系统管理等初级岗位，拥有CCNA证书的网络工程师平均月薪在1万元左右。

此外，CCNA证书还与CCDA证书构成思科CCDP（思科认证设计专家）的重要前提。

CCNP：网络运维和设计高级证书CCNP全称为CISCO Certified Network Professional，也就是思科认证网络专业人员。

虽然CCNP证书与CCNA证书同样由思科提供，但这是一个更为高级和独立的证书，在网络领域中具有更广泛和更深入的应用。

为了获得CCNP证书，要过一系列的考试，其中包括路由、交换、远程接入、协议、QOS（服务质量）和安全方面的知识，并且必须具备一定的工作经验。

考核难度较高，考生需要花费更多时间学习和复习。

CCNP证书的持有者可以担任网络工程师、网络管理员、网络运维、网络安全工程师等中高级网络职位，月薪或达到 1.5万元以上。

ccna考试题及答案

ccna考试题及答案1. 以下哪项是网络层的功能？A. 路由选择B. 错误检测C. 流量控制D. 封装数据包答案：A2. 在OSI模型中，哪一层负责在网络中传输数据？A. 应用层B. 传输层C. 会话层D. 网络层答案：D3. 以下哪个协议是用于在IP网络中发现网络设备的？A. ARPB. RARPC. ICMPD. OSPF答案：A4. 在TCP/IP模型中，哪一层与OSI模型的传输层相对应？A. 应用层B. 互联网层C. 网络接口层D. 传输层答案：D5. 以下哪个地址是一个有效的IPv4地址？A. 192.168.1.256B. 192.168.1.1C. 10.0.0.0D. 172.16.300.1答案：B6. 在配置路由器时，以下哪个命令用于进入全局配置模式？A. enableB. configure terminalC. privileged execD. user exec答案：B7. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上显示当前配置？A. show running-configB. show startup-configC. show configD. show current-config答案：A8. 在Cisco设备上，以下哪个命令用于保存当前的配置到启动配置文件？A. copy running-config startup-configB. copy startup-config running-configC. save running-configD. save startup-config答案：A9. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上查看所有接口的状态？A. show interfacesB. show ip interface briefC. show interface statusD. show running-config interface答案：B10. 在Cisco设备上，以下哪个命令用于关闭接口？A. shutdownB. no shutdownC. disableD. no enable答案：A11. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上启用接口？A. shutdownB. no shutdownC. disableD. no enable答案：B12. 在配置静态路由时，以下哪个命令用于指定下一跳地址？B. ip static-routeC. route ipD. static-route ip答案：A13. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上清除ARP表？A. clear arp-cacheB. clear arpC. clear arp tableD. clear ip arp答案：D14. 在配置动态路由协议时，以下哪个命令用于在接口上启用RIP？A. ip rip enableB. ip rip receiveD. network rip答案：C15. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上查看RIP路由表？A. show ip ripB. show ip route ripC. show ripD. show ip protocols答案：B16. 在配置EIGRP时，以下哪个命令用于指定自动汇总？A. metric weightsB. auto-summaryC. network auto-summaryD. no auto-summary答案：B17. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上查看EIGRP邻居？A. show ip eigrp neighborsB. show eigrp neighborsC. show ip eigrpD. show eigrp interfaces答案：A18. 在配置OSPF时，以下哪个命令用于指定路由器ID？A. router-idB. router ospfC. networkD. area答案：A19. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上查看OSPF路由表？A. show ip ospfB. show ip ospf databaseC. show ospfD. show ip route ospf答案：D20. 在配置VLAN时，以下哪个命令用于创建一个新的VLAN？A. vlan databaseB. configure terminalC. vlan [vlan-id]D. new-vlan答案：C21. 以下哪个命令用于将接口分配给VLAN？A. switchport mode accessB. switchport mode trunkC. switchport access vlan [vlan-id]D. switchport trunk vlan [vlan-id]答案：C22. 在配置交换机时，以下哪个命令用于将接口设置为Trunk 模式？A. switchport mode accessB. switchport mode trunkC. switchport access vlan [vlan-id]D. switchport trunk vlan [vlan-id]答案：B23. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上查看VLAN配置？A. show vlanB. show vlan briefC. show vlan detailD. show vlan all答案：B24. 在配置VTP时，以下哪个命令用于将交换机设置为VTP服务器模式？A. vtp mode serverB. vtp mode clientC. vtp mode transparentD. vtp mode off答案：A25. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上查看VTP状态？A. show vtp statusB. show vtp statisticsC. show vtp passwordD. show vtp configuration答案：A26. 在配置STP时，以下哪个命令用于设置根桥？A. spanning-tree root primaryB. spanning-tree root secondaryC. spanning-tree root primary [priority]D. spanning-tree root secondary [priority]答案：C27. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上查看STP状态？A. show spanning-treeB. show spanning-tree detailC. show spanning-tree summaryD. show spanning-tree interface答案：A28. 在配置VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 时，以下哪个命令用于设置VTP域名？A. vtp domain [domain-name]B. vtp password [password]C. vtp mode [mode]D. vtp version [version]答案：A29. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上查看当前的VTP版本？A. show vtp statusB. show vtp statisticsC. show vtp passwordD. show vtp configuration答案：A30. 在配置端口安全时，以下哪个命令用于限制接口上可以学习到的最大MAC地址数量？A. switchport port-security maximum [mac-count]B. port-security maximum [mac-count]C. switchport port-security violation restrictD. port-security violation shutdown答案：A这些题目和答案仅供学习和参考之用，实际的CCNA考试内容和形式可能会有所不同。

ccna测试题及答案

ccna测试题及答案CCNA测试题及答案一、选择题1. 在Cisco设备上，以下哪个命令用于查看当前的路由表？A. show ip routeB. show running-configC. show interface statusD. show version答案：A2. 以下哪个协议用于在网络中自动发现其他设备？A. ARPB. CDPC. ICMPD. TCP答案：B3. 以下哪个命令用于配置Cisco设备上的接口？A. configure terminalB. interfaceC. ip addressD. hostname答案：A二、填空题4. 在Cisco设备上，使用命令_________可以查看接口的配置信息。

答案：show interface5. 静态路由配置中，_________命令用于指定下一跳地址。

答案：ip route6. 动态路由协议可以自动适应网络变化，其中_________是最常见的一种。

答案：RIP（路由信息协议）三、简答题7. 请简述VLAN（虚拟局域网）的作用。

答案：VLAN是一种将局域网内不同物理位置的设备划分为同一逻辑网络的技术，主要用于隔离广播域，提高网络的安全性和效率。

8. 描述交换机和路由器在网络中的基本功能。

答案：交换机主要用于局域网内部，通过MAC地址表来转发数据帧，实现数据包在局域网内的快速交换。

路由器则工作在网络层，使用IP地址来转发数据包，连接不同的网络，并进行路径选择。

四、计算题9. 假设一个子网掩码为255.255.255.192，计算这个子网的可用IP地址范围。

答案：可用IP地址范围为192.168.1.0到192.168.1.62（包含两端）。

五、实验题10. 请根据以下配置文件，列出Router1的接口配置信息。

```Router1show running-configinterface FastEthernet0/0ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0duplex autospeed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1no ip addressshutdown!interface Serial0/0/0ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.252clock rate 64000!router ospf 1network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0!```答案：- FastEthernet0/0: IP地址为192.168.1.1，子网掩码为255.255.255.0，双工模式和速度均为自动。

思科入门级网络认证路由和交换综合考试要点

思科入门级网络认证路由和交换综合考试要点思科入门级网络认证路由和交换综合考试要点思科入门级网络认证(CCNA)路由和交换综合考试(200-125 CCNAX)考试时间为90分钟，有50-60道CCNA路由和交换认证相关的.考题。

200-125 CCNAX考试检验考生是否具备网络基础，LAN 交换，IPv4和IPv6路由，WAN，网络基础设施服务，网络基础设施安全及网络基础设施管理的相关技能。

下列考纲列出了200-125 CCNAX考试中可能出现的考试内容。

但是，其他相关要点也可能会出现在考试中。

下面的大纲可能会在未提前通知的情况下发生改变，这是为了更好地反映考试内容及更加透明化。

1.0 Network Fundamentals1.1 Compare and contrast OSI and TCP/IP models1.2 Compare and contrast TCP and UDP protocols1.3 Describe the impact of infrastructure components in an enterprise network1.3.a Firewalls1.3.b Access points1.3.c Wireless controllers1.4 Describe the effects of cloud resources on enterprise network architecture1.4.a Traffic path to internal and external cloud services1.4.b Virtual services1.4.c Basic virtual network infrastructure1.5 Compare and contrast collapsed core and three-tier architectures1.6 Compare and contrast network topologies1.6.a Star1.6.b Mesh1.6.c Hybrid1.7 Select the appropriate cabling type based on implementation requirements1.8 Apply troubleshooting methodologies to resolve problems1.8.a Perform and document fault isolation1.8.b Resolve or escalate1.8.c Verify and monitor resolution1.9 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 addressing and subnetting1.10 Compare and contrast IPv4 address types1.10.a Unicast1.10.b Broadcast1.10.c Multicast1.11 Describe the need for private IPv4 addressing1.12 Identify the appropriate IPv6 addressing scheme to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment1.13 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv6 addressing1.14 Configure and verify IPv6 Stateless Address Auto Configuration1.15 Compare and contrast IPv6 address types1.15.a Global unicast1.15.b Unique local1.15.c Link local1.15.d Multicast1.15.e Modified EUI 641.15.f Autoconfiguration1.15.g Anycast2.0 LAN Switching Technologies2.1 Describe and verify switching concepts2.1.a MAC learning and aging2.1.b Frame switching2.1.c Frame flooding2.1.d MAC address table2.2 Interpret Ethernet frame format2.3 Troubleshoot interface and cable issues (collisions, errors, duplex, speed)2.4 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot VLANs (normal/extended range) spanning multiple switches2.4.a Access ports (data and voice)2.4.b Default VLAN2.5 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot interswitch connectivity2.5.a Trunk ports2.5.b Add and remove VLANs on a trunk2.5.c DTP, VTP (v1&v2), and 802.1Q2.5.d Native VLAN2.6 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot STP protocols2.6.a STP mode (PVST+ and RPVST+)2.6.b STP root bridge selection2.7 Configure, verify and troubleshoot STP related optional features2.7.a PortFast2.7.b BPDU guard2.8 Configure and verify Layer 2 protocols2.8.a Cisco Discovery Protocol2.8.b LLDP2.9 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot (Layer 2/Layer 3) EtherChannel2.9.a Static2.9.b PAGP2.9.c LACP2.10 Describe the benefits of switch stacking and chassis aggregation3.0 Routing Technologies3.1 Describe the routing concepts3.1.a Packet handling along the path through a network3.1.b Forwarding decision based on route lookup3.1.c Frame rewrite3.2 Interpret the components of a routing table3.2.a Prefix3.2.b Network mask3.2.c Next hop3.2.d Routing protocol code3.2.e Administrative distance3.2.f Metric3.2.g Gateway of last resort3.3 Describe how a routing table is populated by different routing information sources3.3.a Admin distance3.4 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot inter-VLAN routing3.4.a Router on a stick3.4.b SVI3.5 Compare and contrast static routing and dynamic routing3.6 Compare and contrast distance vector and link state routing protocols3.7 Compare and contrast interior and exterior routing protocols3.8 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 static routing3.8.a Default route3.8.b Network route3.8.c Host route3.8.d Floating static3.9 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot single area and multi-area OSPFv2 for IPv4 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution, stub, virtual-link, and LSAs)3.10 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot single area and multi-area OSPFv3 for IPv6 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution, stub, virtual-link, and LSAs)3.11 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot EIGRP for IPv4 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution, stub)3.12 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot EIGRP for IPv6 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution, stub)3.13 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot RIPv2 for IPv4 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution)3.14 Troubleshoot basic Layer 3 end-to-end connectivity issues4.0 WAN Technologies4.1 Configure and verify PPP and MLPPP on WAN interfaces using local authentication4.2 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot PPPoE client-side interfaces using local authentication4.3 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot GRE tunnel connectivity4.4 Describe WAN topology options4.4.a Point-to-point4.4.b Hub and spoke4.4.c Full mesh4.4.d Single vs dual-homed4.5 Describe WAN access connectivity options4.5.a MPLS4.5.b Metro Ethernet4.5.c Broadband PPPoE4.5.d Internet VPN (DMVPN, site-to-site VPN, client VPN)4.6 Configure and verify single-homed branch connectivity using eBGP IPv4 (limited to peering and route advertisement using Network command only)4.7 Describe basic QoS concepts4.7.a Marking4.7.b Device trust4.7.c Prioritization4.7.c. [i] Voice4.7.c. [ii] Video4.7.c. [iii] Data4.7.d Shaping4.7.e Policing4.7.f Congestion management5.0 Infrastructure Services5.1 Describe DNS lookup operation5.2 Troubleshoot client connectivity issues involving DNS5.3 Configure and verify DHCP on a router (excluding static reservations)5.3.a Server5.3.b Relay5.3.c Client5.3.d TFTP, DNS, and gateway options5.4 Troubleshoot client- and router-based DHCP connectivity issues5.5 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic HSRP5.5.a Priority5.5.b Preemption5.5.c Version5.6 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot inside source NAT5.6.a Static5.6.b Pool5.6.c PAT5.7 Configure and verify NTP operating in a client/server mode6.0 Infrastructure Services6.1 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot port security6.1.a Static6.1.b Dynamic6.1.c Sticky6.1.d Max MAC addresses6.1.e Violation actions6.1.f Err-disable recovery6.2 Describe common access layer threat mitigation techniques6.2.a 802.1x6.2.b DHCP snooping6.2.c Nondefault native VLAN6.3 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 access list for traffic filtering6.3.a Standard6.3.b Extended6.3.c Named6.4 Verify ACLs using the APIC-EM Path Trace ACL analysis tool6.5 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic device hardening6.5.a Local authentication6.5.b Secure password6.5.c Access to device6.5.c. [i] Source address6.5.c. [ii] Telnet/SSH6.5.d Login banner6.6 Describe device security using AAA with TACACS+ and RADIUS7.0 Infrastructure Management7.1 Configure and verify device-monitoring protocols7.1.a SNMPv27.1.b SNMPv37.1.c Syslog7.2 Troubleshoot network connectivity issues using ICMP echo-based IP SLA7.3 Configure and verify device management7.3.a Backup and restore device configuration7.3.b Using Cisco Discovery Protocol or LLDP for device discovery7.3.c Licensing7.3.d Logging7.3.e Timezone7.3.f Loopback7.4 Configure and verify initial device configuration7.5 Perform device maintenance7.5.a Cisco IOS upgrades and recovery (SCP, FTP, TFTP, andMD5 verify)7.5.b Password recovery and configuration register7.5.c File system management7.6 Use Cisco IOS tools to troubleshoot and resolve problems7.6.a Ping and traceroute with extended option7.6.b Terminal monitor7.6.c Log events7.6.d Local SPAN7.7 Describe network programmability in enterprise network architecture7.7.a Function of a controller7.7.b Separation of control plane and data plane7.7.c Northbound and southbound APIs。

CCNA考试大纲

CCNA考试（640-802）是思科认证网络工程师认证综合考试。

考生可以通过完成ICND1v1.0和ICND2v1.0再现试验来备考。

该认证考试要求考生必须拥有对中小型企业分支网络的安装、操作和排错能力。

考试内容包括：W AN的连接；网络安全实施；网络类型；网络介质；路由和交换原理；TCP/IP和OSI参考模型；IP地址；广域网（W AN）技术；操作和配置IOS 设备；通过VLAN来扩展交换网络；配置IP路由；用访问控制列表来管理IP流量；建立点到点的连接以及建立帧中继连接。

CCNA640-802是思科认证网络工程师认证综合考试。

新版的认证内容保留了大部分旧版的考试内容，新增加了关于无线局域网基础知识。

除此之外，新版CCNA还可以通过以下两个途径的任意一个来通过认证：新版CCNA考试大纲：一、通过640-822ICND1（CCENT新课程）和640-816ICND2新版CCNA考试大纲：二、直接通过640-802复合认证课程新版CCNA考试大纲：CCNA考试内容以下描述包括了CCNA考试的一般标准内容，其他相近的内容也会在考试当中出现，为了更好地反映考试内容和明确考试的目的，下面的内容会随时更改而不另行通知。

新版CCNA考试大纲：描述网络工作的原理◆清楚主要网络设备的用途和功能◆可以根据网络规格需求选择组件◆用OSI和TCP/IP模型以及相关的协议来解释数据是如何在网络中传输的◆描述常见的网络应用程序包括网页应用程序◆描述OSI和TCP模型下协议的用途和基本操作◆描述基于网络的应用程序（IP音频和IP视频）的效果◆解释网络拓扑图◆决定跨越网络的两个主机间的网络路径◆描述网络和互联通信的结构◆用分层模型的方法识别和改正位于1、2、3和七层的常见网络故障◆区分广域网和局域网的作用和特征新版CCNA考试大纲：配置、检验和检修VLAN和处于交换通信环境的交换机◆选择适当的介质、线缆、端口和连接头来连接交换机跟主机或者其他网络设备◆解释以太网技术和介质访问控制方法◆解释网络分段和基础流量管理的概念◆解释基础交换的概念和思科交换机的作用◆完成并检验最初的交换配置任务包括远程访问控制◆用基本的程序（包括：ping，traceroute，telnet.SSH，arp，ipconfig）和SHOW&DEBUG 命令检验网络和交换机的工作状态◆识别、指定和解决常见交换网络的介质问题、配置问题、自动协商和交换硬件故障◆描述高级的交换技术（包括：VTP，RSTP，VLAN，PVSTP，802.1q）◆描述VLANs如何创建逻辑隔离网络和它们之间需要路由的必要性.◆配置、检验和检修VLANs◆配置、检验和检修思科交换机的trunking◆配置、检验和检修VLAN间路由◆配置、检验和检修VTP◆配置、检验和检修RSTP功能◆通过解释各种情况下SHOW和DEBUG命令的输出来确定思科交换网络的工作状态◆实施基本的交换机安全策略（包括：端口安全、聚合访问、除VLAN1之外的其他VLAN 的管理等等）新版CCNA考试大纲：在中等规模的公司分支办公室网络中实现满足网络需求的IP地址规划及IP服务◆描述使用私有IP和公有IP的作用和好处◆解释DHCP和DNS的作用和优点◆在路由器上配置、检验和排错DHCP和DNS操作（包括命令行方式和SDM方式）◆为局域网环境的主机实施静态和动态IP地址服务◆在支持VLSM（变长子网掩码）的网络中计算并应用IP地址规划◆使用VLSM和地址汇总决定合适的无类地址规划，以满足不同局域网/广域网的地址规划要求◆描述在与IPv4网络共存情况下实施IPv6的技术要求（包括协议放式，双栈方式，隧道方式）◆描述IPv6地址◆鉴定并纠正普通的IP地址和主机配置问题新版CCNA考试大纲：基本的路由器操作和思科设备路由的配置，检查和排错◆描述路由的基本改概念（包括IP数据包转发，路由查询）◆描述思科路由器的运作过程（包括路由器初起过程，POST加电自检，路由器的物理组成）◆选择适当的介质、线缆、端口和连接器将路由器连接到其他的网络设备和主机◆RIPv2的配置，检查和排错◆访问路由器并配置基本的参数（包括命令行方式和SDM方式）◆连接，配置并检查设备接口的工作状态◆检查设备的配置并使用ping，traceroute，telnet，SSH等命令检验网络连接性◆在给定的路由需求下实施并检验静态路由和默认路由的配置◆管理IOS配置文件（包括保存，修改，更新和恢复）◆管理思科IOS◆比较不同的路由实现方法和路由协议◆OSPF配置，检查和排错◆EIGRP配置，检查和排错◆检查网络连接性（包括使用ping，traceroute，telnet，SSH等命令）◆路由故障排错◆使用show和debug命令检查路由器的硬件及软件运作状态◆实施静态路由器安全新版CCNA考试大纲：解释并选择适当的可管理无线局域网（WLAN）任务◆描述跟无线有关的标准（包括IEEE，WIFI联盟，ITU/FCC）◆识别和描述小型无限网络组成结构的用途（包括：SSID，BSS，ESS）◆确定无线网络设备的基本配置以保证它连接到正确的介入点◆比较不同无线安全协议的特性及性能（包括：开放，WPA，WEP-1/2）◆认识在无线局域网实施过程中的常见问题（包括接口，配置错误）新版CCNA考试大纲：识别网络安全威胁和描述减轻这些威胁的一般方法◆描述当前的网络安全威胁并解释实施全面的安全策略以降低安全威胁的必要性◆解释降低网络设备、主机和应用所遭受安全威胁的一般方法◆描述安全设备和应用软件的功能◆描述安全操作规程建议（包括网络设备的的初起安全配置）新版CCNA考试大纲：在中小型企业分支办公网络中实施、检验和检修NA T和ACLs◆描述ACLs的作用和类型◆配置和应用基于网络过滤要求的ALCs（包括命令行方式和SDM方式）◆配置和应用ALCs以限制对路由器的telnet和SSH访问（包括命令行方式和SDM方式）◆检查和监控网络环境中的ACLs◆ACL排错◆描述NAT基本运作原理◆配置基于给定网络需求的NAT（包括命令行方式和SDM方式）◆NAT排错新版CCNA考试大纲：实施和校验W AN连接◆描述连接到广域网的不同方式◆配置并检查基本的广域网串行链接◆在思科路由器上配置并检查帧中继◆广域网实施故障排错◆描述VPN（虚拟专用网）技术（包括重要性，优点，影响，组成）◆在思科路由器间配置并检查PPP链接。

ccna考试

CCNA考试简介CCNA（Cisco Certified Network Associate）考试是思科公司认证的初级网络工程师证书考试。

通过CCNA考试，考生可以证明其理解和掌握了基本的网络知识和技能，具备搭建、配置和维护中小型网络的能力。

CCNA考试不仅是在就业市场上的一张加分证书，也对网络工程师的职业发展具有重要意义。

考试内容CCNA考试主要涵盖以下内容：1.网络基础：–网络基本知识–网络协议与标准–网络设备与技术2.路由与交换：–IP地址和子网划分–路由协议与配置–交换机配置与故障排除3.网络服务与安全：–TCP/IP协议–网络安全与防火墙–网络服务配置与管理4.网络管理与故障排除：–网络管理工具和协议–故障排除与网络维护考试要求考生需要具备以下基本要求才能参加CCNA考试：1.掌握基本的计算机和网络知识：包括操作系统、硬件、网络协议等方面的知识。

2.熟悉思科网络设备和技术：如路由器、交换机、IOS命令等。

3.具备实际操作经验：通过实际网络配置和故障排除等操作实践，能够灵活应对各种网络问题。

考试形式CCNA考试采用机考形式，考试时间为120分钟。

考试题目包括单选题、多选题、填空题、拖拽题等多种形式。

考试的标准分数为1000分，及格分数线为825分。

考生需要在规定时间内完成所有考题，以及排查和纠正任何问题。

考试准备为了顺利通过CCNA考试，考生需要做以下准备：1.学习官方教材：思科公司提供了官方的CCNA考试指南和培训教材，考生可以根据自己的学习进度选择适合自己的教材进行学习。

2.练习实验：通过搭建实验网络，参考实验指南进行实践操作。

可以使用网络模拟器软件（如Packet Tracer）进行实验。

3.参加培训班：参加正规的CCNA培训班，由资深的教师进行系统的讲解和指导，有助于理解和掌握考试内容。

4.刷题练习：购买相关的考试模拟题册或在线题库，进行刷题练习，熟悉考试题目类型和解题技巧。

5.参加网络工程实习或实践：通过在真实网络环境中的实际操作，加深对网络技术的理解和应用能力。