VDE_0126-3&5_PV连接器和接线盒标准介绍
VDE 0126-1-1
1. Scopes of ApplicationThe automatic disconnection device will be set as a safety interface between the generator and the public low-voltage grid and serve as a replacement for anytime accessible device with disconnection function for distribution-grid-operator (VNB). This will prevent unintentional feed-in of the generator, that apart from distribution grid separated standalone-grid operation and protect with additional in DIN VDE 0105-100 (VDE0105-100), 6.2 prescribed action.-The operation personal for voltage in separated stand-alone grid operation.-Operation remedy for not admissible voltage and frequency-User for not admissible voltage and frequency and-Operation remedy for feed in with fault through the generator.In the even of fault in low-voltage grid the automatic disconnection device protects the generator against:-Not admissible voltage and-Not admissible frequencyThe automatic disconnection device does not protect the generator against overload and short-circuit. This protection is on the other side to ensure according to DIN VDE 0100-712 (VDE0100-712), DIN VDE 0100-430 (VDE 0100-430) and DIN VDE 0100-530 (VDE0100-530).2. Normative ReferenceThe following quoted documents are necessary for the application of this document. By dated reference, only the mentioned related edition is valid. By not dated reference, the last mentioned related edition is valid (including all the revisions).DIN EN 50160:2000-03,……3. ConceptsThe following concepts are valid for the application/using of this document:3.1 Disconnection device/protection switch3.1.1. Separate disconnection device3.1.2 Integrated disconnection device3.2 Unintentional off-grid operation3.3 Earth leakage current3.4 Earth residual-current3.5 Residual-current3.6 Measured-Residual-current3.7 Simple separation/isolation3.8 Residual-Current Monitoring Unit (RCMU)4. RequirementsThe following requirements, as long as not specially mentioned, are valid for integrated and separate disconnection device.The disconnection device must on the strength of-Voltage changes/modifications and/or frequency changes/modifications of the low-voltage grid-DC feed-in in the low-voltage grid-Unintentional stand-alone grid operation and from-Intentional stand-alone operation with grid replacement facilityThe generator in the AC side from grid switch off by means of/through two in sequence located switch.It should be measured before the grid disconnection, whether the voltage and frequency of the grid located over duration of 30s in the tolerance range according to 4.2.1, 4.2.2 and 4.3. In this case, the disconnection and feed-in can take place, when 4.2 to 4.5 and 4.7 can be fulfilled from beginning of the feed-in. After the disconnection due to the safety-function of the disconnection device, the re-disconnection will take place in the same way. By the disconnection due to a short-break, it can be switch on again, after the voltage and frequency of the grid located over duration of 5 s in tolerance range according to 4.2 and 4.3. Ashort-break is indicated/characterized by an excess respectively/or lower deviation of the limit value of the grid frequency and/or grid voltage over duration of maximal 3s. Unintentional stand-alone grid operation should also be recognized, when generation and usage matched in disconnected grid-section/part.4.1 Functional SafetySafety, these in 4.2 to 4.5 and 4.7 defined automatic disconnection device (see picture1) should be under the operation conditions of the grid. It could be shown as stand-alone device or integrated part of the generator and it should be switched off in fault/error condition and the fault/error condition should be also shown.4.1.1 Single/Particular fault SafetyThe disconnection device should meet the basic safety principle application, at least so configured, constructed, assembled and combined, that these can sustain the expected operation-requirement (e.g. the permissibility in terms of switching capability and it’s switching frequency) and other external influence (e.g. mechanical vibration, external array, power disconnection or interference of energy supply).A particular fault in the disconnection device can not lead to the loss of the safety functions. The total root cause of Fault should be considered, when the occurrence probability is mattered. Whenever a reasonable way is practicable/workable, this particular fault should be detected and lead to the disconnection of the generator.Remark1:This requirement for detecting the particular fault doesn’t mean that all the faults should be detected. Hence, the accumulations of undetected fault can lead to an unintentional output signal and to a hazardous/dangerous condition.Remark2:This system-behavior allows:-by occurrence of a particular fault/error, the safety function always stays.-Some, but not all of the faults will be detected.-The accumulation of undetected faults might lead to the loss of the safety functions.4.1.2 Disconnection facilityThese in sequence disconnected switch should have independent switching capability according to the rated current of the generator. At least one switch should be performed as relay or contactor and qualified for over-voltage category 2. By single-phase feed-in device, the switch, as well as for the neutral conductor and outer conductor should show acontact/relation with the over-voltage category. By multi-phase feed-in device, acontact/relation with the over-voltage category is necessary for all active conductors. The second switch can be constructed from the electrical switching element of the inverter-bridge circuit or other circuit; as long as the electrical switching element can be disconnected and secured through the control signal, so that the failure can be detected and conduct a operation suspension at the latest till next re-connection.Picture 1: Block circuit diagram of an automatic disconnection device (example for PV)4.2 Voltage Monitoring4.2.1 Voltage regression (Protect funcation)Voltage in the wire (L-N voltage?), in which you feed in the energy, of <=80%Un, a disconnection should effect within 0.2 seconds. This limit value is not allowed tochange/modify in the device (by somebody).4.2.2 Voltage increase (Protect funcation)Voltage in the wire (L-N voltage?), in which you feed in the energy, of >=115%Un, a disconnection should effect within 0.2 seconds. This limit value is not allowed tochange/modify in the device (by somebody).4.2.3 Voltage increase (Monitoring of the voltage-quality)T arget is the compliance with voltage limit value in the feed-in point. Therefore each voltage in the wire (L-N voltage?), a 10-minutes-interval average should be measured. The trigger threshold can be set between 110%Un and 115% Un, in order to take thevoltage-deterioration between the installation place and the feed-in point into consideration. The limit for this trigger threshold/protection should be set to 110%Un. An exceeding of the set value must lead to a disconnection. The setting of this limit value is an agreement with grid operator.4.3 Frequency MonitoringThe disconnection should effect within 0.2s when the grid frequency is under 47.5Hz and over 50.2Hz.4.4 Direct current MonitoringA DC feed-in in the low-voltage grid due to a malfunction of the system operation should lead to a disconnection within 0.2s. The disconnection trigger-criteria can be either the malfunction of the system operation itself or the measured Direct current more than 1A.4.5 Recognition of an off-grid operation4.5.1 Single-device operationAn off-grid grid operation should lead to a disconnection according to test condition of 6.5.4.5.2 Multi-device operationThe recognition of an off-grid operation can be implemented independent for each single, so that for each single device can fulfill the requirements from 4.5.1. Alternatively, the automatic disconnection device can receive the disconnection order by another protection unit via an interface. A cut-off order must lead to a disconnection within 0.2s. The protectionunit, which triggers the cut-off signal and the interface, must fulfill also requirements. mentioned/defined under 4.1.1 in regards to the functional safety.4.6 Marking/LabelingA generator with automatic disconnection device should show/mentioned on the type-plate “VDE 0126-1-1”. Other markings according to DIN EN50178 (VDE0160) should be mentioned, in case they are applicable, in the documentation which belongs to the inverters.4.7 Special Requirements4.7.1 PhotovoltaicAt inverters without simple separation between grid and PV-generator, a Residual-Current Monitoring Unit (RCMU) is required. In case of malfu nction, the DC and AC part of the residual-current depends on the construction type of the inverters and the DC voltage of the PV-Generator.With a disconnection device without integrated Residual-Current Monitoring Unit (RCMU), an external residual current protection is required. In this case, the testing according to 6.6 is not required. The required residual current protection unit must be mentioned/recommended by the manufacturer and mentioned in the manual.The isolation resistance from the (PV) generator side, before conducting to the grid, must be bigger than >= 1kOhm/V related to the max. inverter input voltage, but at least 500kOhms. Ground/leakage current of bigger than 300mA must lead to a disconnection within 0.3s. Independent of the nominal power of the inverter, sudden raising residual current according to table 1 must lead to a disconnection/cut off:The given cut-off time is valid for the whole temperature range provided by the manufacturer. For the inverter without simple separation/disconnection between the gird and PV generator, these in 4.1.2 mentioned switch as relay or projection with described requirements should be executed.Remark:By an execution with a cut-off/disconnection unit between inverter and PV-generator and a cut-off/disconnection unit between inverter and grid is possible.5. General RequirementsThe limit value with regard to radio interference should comply with the EMC standard EIN EN 61000-6-3 (VDE 0839-6-3).For the noise immunity, DIN EN61000-6-2 (VDE 0839-6-2) should be taken as a basis for the test-disturbance variable.6. Type testThe following testing is valid for integrated and separate disconnection device, unless otherwise mentioned. A separate disconnection device should be tested together with a suitable feed-in device. Here is to make sure, that the disconnection signal is not from the feed-in device, but generated from the disconnection device.6.1 Functional SafetyThe testing of single fault safety (? Einfehlersicherheit) and the fault recognition with succeeding disconnection according to 4.1 should take place through fault simulation.6.2 Voltage monitoringFor the testing of voltage monitoring, the automatic disconnection device should run over the AC voltage source with variable amplitude of nominal AC voltage and under any power. The voltage monitoring should comply with the mentioned trigger time in 4.2, by the voltagejump/transfer, lower limit according to 4.2 not exceeding more than 3% of the nominal voltage and the upper limit not exceeding m ore than 3% of the nominal voltage. The test should be applied for each of the Voltage in the wire (L-N voltage?), in which you feed in the energy.6.3 Frequency monitoringFor the testing of frequency monitoring, the automatic disconnection device should run over the AC voltage source with variable amplitude and frequency. The frequency monitoring should comply with the mentioned trigger time in 4.3, with a continuously changing of frequency from nominal value to respectively limit value with a changing-speed from 1Hz/s. The function of the frequency monitoring should be verified within 4.2 defined voltage range on the lower limit and upper limit of nominal voltage.6.4 Direct current MonitoringThe testing of disconnection due to DC feed-in, take place optionally according to a) or b):a) In the measure-equipment of the disconnection device (ex. Current transformer,resistance) will be implanted from DC of 1A. The disconnection should take place within0.2s.b) Through a fault simulation, it can be detected by means of measurement, whether adisturbed installation operation will lead to a disconnection within 0.2s when a steady component of feed-in current more than 1A.6.5 Recognition of an off-grid operationThe testing over a disconnection due to unintentional off-grid operation, take place according to procedures mentioned in 6.5.1 to 6.5.3. The implementation of the procedure should fulfill the requirements defined in 4.1.6.5.1 Impedance measurement6.5.1.1 Test circuitThe test circuit (see picture 2) simulates a so-call parallel feed-in-/load condition, as well as voltage and frequency stability requirements of a grid region, which the off-grid interruption can be formed.Also under these requirements, the automatic disconnection device must recognize interruption of the grid and the cut-off generator within 5s.The test circuit shows the following characteristics:The DC voltage side of the inverter is supplied by an adjustable power source. By generator without inverter, the energy supply should be secured by a proper power unit. The AC voltage side of the feed-in device will be connected in parallel to output of resistor (R1), choke (L1) and capacitor (C1); so that the level of the apparent power (reference or duty) over the closed switch-facility (S) to the impedance elevation/increasing of the grid-connection is smaller than 5% of the grid side nominal output power (testing adjustable/Pruefabstimmung).The switch-device is connected parallel with a 1Ωtest resistor. From the impedance Zn<=0.5Ωof the grid, on these the testing will be performed, the impedance (R2, L2) in adjustable level with permissible deviation (including the operational given grid impedance fluctuations) will be increased and tested from the value of +-0.25Ωto 1Ωohmic resistance, as well as to 0.8Ωohmic resistance combined with 0.5Ωreactance, whether a disconnection due to the impedance jump from 1Ωwill be followed within 5 s.6.5.1.2 Testing ProcedureWith an adjustable energy source, the power will be feeded in from 100% of rated power of inverter ’s input. In generator without inverter, the rated powers also need to be secured. In the AC voltage side, the resistors, reactors and capacitors will be set to testing adjustable (Pruefabstimmung). In this condition, the switch-device S will be opened. Thedisconnection must be followed within 5 s after the open of the switch-device.When voltage and frequency locate in “tolerant band ”, the disconnection device can be switch-on earliest after 30 s after disconnection takes place.Between 20 s and 60 s after the disconnection device switch-on, the switch-device S should be disconnected and can be opened after at least 30 s. Within 5s after the open of the switch device, the disconnection must take place.The testing should be repeated by different grid impedance.For testing of three-phase disconnection device, testing circuit should be connectedrespectively in the sequence according to picture 2. The other two phases will be respectively directly connected to the grid. The disconnection should be followed/taken placerespectively within 5 second after the switch S opens.6.5.2 Resonant circuit test6.5.2.1 Test circuitThe DC voltage side of the inverter is supplied by a proper DC voltage source. By generator without inverter, the energy supply should be secured by a proper power unit. The ACvoltage side of the generator will be connected in parallel to output of resistor (R1), choke (L1) and capacitor (C1); these will build up a RLC-resonant circuit and can be adjusted to the fine level on the generated active and reactive power (picture 3). RLC-resonant-circuit, as well as generator should connect to a separate switch on the grid or a proper gird simulator.This resonant circuit must have a quality factor Q of at least 2. The active power, which is picked up from resonant circuit, must match with the given active power from the generator or inverter of at least +-3%. The distortion factor of the choke current must lay under 3% (in nominal voltage).The setting of the inductivity and capacity is valid for the following relation:Where U is the grid voltage, f is the grid frequency and P is the feed -in active power from the generator.6.5.2.2 Testing ProcedureThe sequence of the testing structure as below:1. By means of/with help of DC voltage source or a proper power unit without inverter, thepower of the generator should be specified.2. The device should be tied with the gird or gird simulator through close of S3 and S2.3. The device will be separated/isolated from grid (S2 open)4. The Resonant circuit should be balanced as follows:a) The inductivity will be set, that Q >2.b) The capacity will be set, so that PQC + PQL = -PQWR.c) The resistance will be set, so that the whole given active power from whole resonant circuitequal to Pwr.d) Resonant circuit and device will be connected with the grid (S1, S2 and S3 close) and thedevice in operation running.Remark:T arget of the balance is, the “earth-vibration component” of the current over S3 is as small as possible. Through a Fein-adjustment of the “vibration circuit” (step 6), a most unfavorable conditions in relating to a possible off-grid situation should be produced.5. In order to start the test, S3 will be opened and the time to disconnection of the devicewill be measured.6. After successfully tests, the parameter (L or C) will be changed at around 1% of totalrange from around +-5% and the test will be repeated.The whole test procedure is performed respectively at P = 25%, 50% as well as 100% of the rated power. The whole test is valid and passed, when the disconnection time of each single test is shorter than 5s.The testing is performed with nominal frequency +-0.1 Hz and nominal voltage +-3%.For testing of three-phase disconnection device, testing circuit should be connected respectively in the sequence to the wire according to picture 3. The other two wires will be direct connected to the gird respectively. The disconnection should be followed/taken place respectively within 5 second after the switch S opens.6.5.3 Three-Phase Grid voltage monitoringOnly by single-phase feed-in, then a three-phase monitoring of wire-voltage (L-N voltage?) can be allowed to view as criteria of off-grid recognition. Once at least a wire-voltage (L-N voltage) exceeding these in 4.2 mentioned limit value, <=80% Un or >=115% Un, then acut-off should be performed within 0.2s. Here you also have to fulfill the functional safety requirement according to 4.1.Remark: It is allowed for 3 phase voltage monitoring to have constructional integration ofseveral single-phase feed-in devices, in which separately wire can feed-in. As long as the current of the feed-in device is regulated independent from each other.For the testing of voltage monitoring, the automatic disconnection device should run over the AC voltage source with variable amplitude of nominal AC voltage and under any power. The voltage monitoring should comply with the mentioned trigger time in 4.2, by the voltagejump/transfer, lower limit according to 4.2 not exceeding more than 3% of the nominal voltage and the upper limit not exceeding more than 3% of the nominal voltage. The test should be applied for each combination of the Voltage in the wire (L-N voltage?), in which you feed in the energy.6.6 Residual Current MonitoringAll testing are performed under 0.85Un, Un and 1.10 UnRemark: This voltage limit is to ensure that the voltage monitoring will not be triggered during the testing.6.6.1 Separate disconnection deviceThe residual current monitoring of disconnection device (which is not integrated inside inverter) will be tested according to E DIN VDE 0664-100 (VDE 0664 T eil 100): 2002-05The application to use here is from 9.9.1 “T est electric circuit” to 9.9.3. “Test for a proper disconnection under the load of reference-temperature”. In T est according to 9.9.2.2., “test for a proper disconnection by switch-on on a residual current ” should be emphasized, that the disconnection device can be switched on with a time delay. As the switch-off time in this test valid only when the time is between automatic switch-on and switch-off due to residual current.The function under pulsating direct residual current will be tested according to 9.21.1.The function under “smooth”direct residual current will be tested according to 9.21.1.1 “Test for a proper disconnection under continuously raising of the “smooth’ direct residual current” to “T est for a proper disconnection under pulsating direct residual current with consideratio n of smooth direct residual current”.6.6.2. Integrated disconnection deviceThe residual current monitoring of an inverter integrated with disconnection device will be tested according to rated power and max. input DC voltage in following section.6.6.2.1 Test CircuitA switchable and adjustable resistor will be connected to a DC voltage and neutral conductor(N) respectively.There are two configurations for Inverter with DC voltage ports PV+ and PV- (see picture 4): N with PV+ (R1 in picture 4), N with PV- (R2 in picture 4).In the testing according to 6.6.2.2.3., the switchable resistor will/should be parallel shifted to a adjustable capacitor (C1, C2 in figure 4)6.6.2.2 Test ProcedureThe tests will be conducted each as specified under 6.6.2.1 fir each connection of DC connectors and neutral (conductor/potential)6.6.2.2.1. Test electric circuitThe disconnection device will be assembled according to normal operating conditions (in the field). The T est electric circuit should have neglectable impedance and comply to picture 4. The measuring device for Residual current measuring must at least comply to Klass 0.5 and must be able to indicate RMS value up to the frequency of 2 kHz.The measuring device for measuring time can not show higher relative fault/accurancy than 10% of the measuring value.6.6.2.2.2 Te st for a proper disconnection in the case of continuously rising re sidual currentThe testing/checking switch S1 is in a closed position. The residual current will continuously increasing, and will attempt to reach the value of 300mA within 30s.The trigger current will be measured 5 times. All these 5 times measured value should be below <=300 mA. The testing will be repeated with the testing switch S2.For construction with more than two generator connectors, the testing circuit should be also extended accordingly, and the testing for all different switching position should be performed6.6.2.2.3 Te st for a proper disconnection in the case of sudden appeared residual currentThis testing investigate the Function of the RCMU (Residual Current Monitoring Unit) at normal operating capacitive ground leakage current (capacitive failure current). T o this ground leakage current a sudden ohmic failure will be overlayed. To determine the max. capacitive ground leakage current, the capacitor C1 will be steadily increased while switch S1 and S2 are open until the cut-off unit will switch off. C2 is during that test not connected. Afterwards the capacitor C1 has to be adjusted in such a way, that the c apacitive ground leakage current which appears during test, will reduced by the amount shown in table1, as compared to the measured max. capacitive ground leakage current.The resistor R1 will be one after the other adjusted to the ohmic failure current values as shown in table 1. The test switch will be turned on. The cut-off unit has to switch off. At each failure current value, 5 measurement to determine the turn-off time has to be conducted. No single value is allowed to exceed the corresponding, specified limit value.The test has to be repeated by test switch S2 and capacitor C2. In this case, C1 is not connected. For units with more than 2 generator connectors, the test has to be extended accordingly and all different switching positions have to be checked.6.6.2.2.4 Te st for recognition of Isolationfault before feed-inAt least one PV string connector of the inverter should be connected to the voltage source with the max. allowed generator voltage. The inverter will be connected to the grid. Now each PV generator connector of the inverter should be connected with earth potential over a resistor, which will lay under 4.7.1 defined value.In any case the inverter must show the fault and can not start with the feed-in7. Single unit testEvery manufacturer has to test the automatic disconnection device prior to shipments in regards to safety relevant parameters according to 4.2 till 4.7.Conditions/Requirements for Installation8. Conditions/Requirements for InstallationFirst and repetitive test of the automatic disconnection device on the top of the “single unit test” can be dropped, if the automatic disconnection device realized/made as an independent unit, the automatic disconnection device is not allowed to be applied in TN-C-Systems. In such area, the TN-C-S-System can not be created.。
DIN_VDE_0126-1-1_中文版
目录1. 前言2. 参考标准3. 定义4. 要求4.1 功能上的安全4.2 电压监控4.3 频率监控4.4 直流电流监控4.5 隔离运行的识别4.6 标识4.7 特殊要求5. 通用要求6. 型式测试6.1 功能上的安全6.2 电压监控6.3 频率监控6.4 直流电流监控6.5 隔离运行的识别6.6 故障电流监控7 例行测试8 安装要求附录A 声明A.1 其余识别隔离运行的方法A.2 频率界限A.3 发电机的运作A.4 短时间关机推荐书目图1 自动断路器的示意图（例如太阳能设备）图2 按照6.5.1 的测试电路－内置于逆变器中的断路器（举例）图3 按照6.5.2 的测试电路－内置于逆变器中的断路器（举例）图4 按照6.6.2.1 的测试电路－单相交流电逆变器的运行表 1 最大断开时间1. 应用范围应用范围自动断路器作为安全开关作用于发电装置和低压网络之间，并且作为随时配电网络供应商使用的带隔离功能的断路装置。
这一断路器用于阻止发电装置给跟其余电网分离的一个子网络（隔离运作）意外供电，以及按照 DIN VDE 0105－100 （VDE 0105－100）， 6.2 列出的措施提供保护－防止操作人员在子网络中触电。
－避免操作工具接触危险电压和频率。
－避免使用人员接触危险电压和频率。
－避免设备由于发电装置的故障而被供电。
当低压网络出现故障时，自动断路器使发电装置避免－危险电压－危险频率自动断路器并非使发电装置避免过载和短路。
这个保护功能应另外按照DIN VDE 0100-712(VDE0100-712), DIN VDE 0100-430(VDE 0100-430)和 DIN VDE 0100-530 (VDE 0100-530)去确认。
2. 参考标准参考标准对于此标准的使用，需要使用到下列标准。
具体日期标注的标准，则使用该日期版本。
没有具体日期标注的则使用最新的版本（包括所有的修改）。
DIN EN 50160: 2000-03, 公共电网的电压标识。
级联H桥逆变器漏电流分析与抑制
级联H桥逆变器漏电流分析与抑制王付胜;于世能【摘要】Aimed at the leakage current issue of the transformerless cascaded H-bridge inverter, this paper first establishes the equivalent common-mode circuit of the inverter with the parasitic capacitance, and analyzes the characteristics of leakage current in the symmetrical and asymmetrical inductance circuit respectively. The analysis shows that the leakage current can be eliminated through optimizing the modulation methods in the symmetrical circuit, but in the asymmetrical circuit the leakage current issue cannot be solved through modulation strategies. For this reason a new modulation strategy for the symmetrical circuit based on the multicarrier pulse width modulation is proposed which can eliminate the leakage current effectively with simple implementation. Finally, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation and experiment.%针对非隔离型级联H桥逆变器的漏电流问题,首先建立带有寄生电容参数的逆变器共模等效模型,分别分析单电感电路与对称电感电路中漏电流的特点及其影响因素,指出在对称电感电路中通过优化调制策略可以有效抑制系统漏电流,而在单电感电路中调制手段无法解决漏电流问题.为此针对对称电感电路提出一种改进型载波层叠多电平调制策略,能够有效地抑制系统漏电流,而且实现简单、运算量小.最后仿真与实验结果验证了该方法的有效性与正确性.【期刊名称】《电工技术学报》【年(卷),期】2017(032)0z2【总页数】8页(P103-110)【关键词】非隔离型光伏系统;级联型H桥逆变器;漏电流;调制策略;载波层叠调制【作者】王付胜;于世能【作者单位】合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院合肥 230009;合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院合肥 230009【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM464太阳能作为一种清洁可再生能源，被认为是未来世界电力的主要来源，但由于光伏发电成本较高，太阳能占世界能源比例仍然较小。
DIN_VDE_0126-1-1_中文版
目录1. 前言2. 参考标准3. 定义4. 要求4.1 功能上的安全4.2 电压监控4.3 频率监控4.4 直流电流监控4.5 隔离运行的识别4.6 标识4.7 特殊要求5. 通用要求6. 型式测试6.1 功能上的安全6.2 电压监控6.3 频率监控6.4 直流电流监控6.5 隔离运行的识别6.6 故障电流监控7 例行测试8 安装要求附录A 声明A.1 其余识别隔离运行的方法A.2 频率界限A.3 发电机的运作A.4 短时间关机推荐书目图1 自动断路器的示意图（例如太阳能设备）图2 按照6.5.1 的测试电路－内置于逆变器中的断路器（举例）图3 按照6.5.2 的测试电路－内置于逆变器中的断路器（举例）图4 按照6.6.2.1 的测试电路－单相交流电逆变器的运行表 1 最大断开时间1. 应用范围应用范围自动断路器作为安全开关作用于发电装置和低压网络之间，并且作为随时配电网络供应商使用的带隔离功能的断路装置。
这一断路器用于阻止发电装置给跟其余电网分离的一个子网络（隔离运作）意外供电，以及按照 DIN VDE 0105－100 （VDE 0105－100）， 6.2 列出的措施提供保护－防止操作人员在子网络中触电。
－避免操作工具接触危险电压和频率。
－避免使用人员接触危险电压和频率。
－避免设备由于发电装置的故障而被供电。
当低压网络出现故障时，自动断路器使发电装置避免－危险电压－危险频率自动断路器并非使发电装置避免过载和短路。
这个保护功能应另外按照DIN VDE 0100-712(VDE0100-712), DIN VDE 0100-430(VDE 0100-430)和 DIN VDE 0100-530 (VDE 0100-530)去确认。
2. 参考标准参考标准对于此标准的使用，需要使用到下列标准。
具体日期标注的标准，则使用该日期版本。
没有具体日期标注的则使用最新的版本（包括所有的修改）。
DIN EN 50160: 2000-03, 公共电网的电压标识。
接线盒VDE标准要求
1
DIN V VDE V 0126-5: 2008
光伏组件接线盒
贺建华 巍德谊电子产品技术咨询服务（上海）有限公司 上海市闵行区莘建东路58弄1号2楼 (邮编：201100) Tel.: +86 21 63907080; Fax: +86 21 63906078 Email: jianhua.he@
如果使用其它类型的端子连接 方式，其安全要求应该参考以 上提到的标准。另外，焊锡连 接、焊接、卷接和压接可以被 采用。电缆的安装和固定不能 仅靠焊锡连接、焊接、卷接或 压接来保持其位置。除非被焊 锡连接 焊接 卷接或压接的 锡连接、焊接、卷接或压接的 电缆，在其导体从固定位置脱 落后，接线盒本身的结构可以 保证4.14中电气间隙和爬电距 保 离不会减小。 注： 一般情况下，钩焊可以 被认为是一种合适的保持导体 位置的方式 位置的方式。
SNEIA 2010.01.25
6
DIN V VDE V 0126-5: 2008
3.22 3 22 基本绝缘 应用于带电部件提供基本的防 触电保护的绝缘。 注 基本绝缘不 定要包括仅作 注：基本绝缘不一定要包括仅作 为功能用途的功能绝缘。(IEC 61140的3.10.1)。 3.23 附加绝缘 附加在基本绝缘之上的独立绝 缘系统，在基本绝缘损坏的情 况下担当防触电保护的功能。 (IEC 61140 的3.10.2);[IEC 3 10 2) [IEC 60664-1, 定义 1.3.17.3] 3.24 双重绝缘 由基本绝缘和附加绝缘组成的 绝缘。 (IEC 61140 的 3.10.3) [IEC 60664-1 60664 1, 定义1.3.17.4] 1 3 17 4] 3.25 3 25 加强绝缘 附加在带电部件之上的单一绝 缘系统，它的防触电保护功能 等效于相应的 IEC 标准说明 的双重绝缘。IEC 61140的 3.10.4)注：单一绝缘系统并不意 味着该绝缘必须是由相同材料组 成 它可以由几层不能单独分开 成，它可以由几层不能单独分开 测试的基本绝缘和附加绝缘组成 。[IEC 60664-1, 定义1.3.17.5] 3.26 应用种类A ( (EN 61730－1) ) 应用于系统电压大于120VDC 而不大于 1000VDC 的“无 限制接近”的开放式光伏系统 。符合应用种类 符合应用种类A的接线盒要 满足II类电气的保护结构要求 。 [EN 61730-1]
TUV莱茵与南德简介
TUV莱茵与南德简介第一部分TÜV基本情况TÜV是德语“德国技术监督协会”的简称，德国是联邦制国家，各个州都有自己的技术监督协会。
TÜV在德国是一种特殊的法人机构，在1962年，它成为德国官方授权的政府监督组织，经由政府授权和委托，进行工业设备和技术产品的安全认证及质量保证体系和环保体系的评估审核。
130多年前，也就是1872年，锅炉操作人员在德国的巴登符腾堡州，巴伐利亚州，黑森州和萨克森州等工业心脏地区建立了这一私人行业性协调团体，其商业宗旨为“保护人类，环境和财产，防止技术的消极影响”，在巴伐利亚，这一团体的名字是“巴伐利亚锅炉检测协会”。
这个组织就是德国TÜV集团的前身。
该蒸汽锅炉监督协会成立后不久便受委托进行强制性检测。
随着技术的进步，这个组织的经营范围也在逐渐扩大（比如电力，发动机，防火安全设施，发电厂工程，载人电梯，索道，核电站，环境保护，产品安全，经营管理系统等）。
经营地域逐渐国际化，发展到欧盟，美国和远东。
德国的每个州都有一个TÜV,而他们都是独立营运的，后来发展，合并，现在德国最大的TUV集团有3个。
最大的为TU V SUD-南德意志集团，由南部的四个州合并而成，总部德国慕尼黑，是新兴的电子产业，全球超过10000多人,中国北京，上海，广州深圳有分公司，天津重庆无锡厦门由办事处等。
中国知名度由于进入晚，低于莱茵公司，欧洲知名度高。
然后是TUV莱茵，是德国三个州合并的，莱茵河畔鲁尔工业区为中心，最先来中国，因此中国知名度高，被误认为TU V就是莱茵，全球不到10000人。
中国分部也较广。
最后是北德，是北方几个省合并而成，中国影响力也在北方地区比较多。
继电器 规格书
FTR-K1 SERIESn FEATURESl1 pole, 32Al1 form A contactl Wide contact gap: 1.8mmDielectric strength (B/T open contacts) 2.5kVCompliant with European photovoltaic standard (VDE0126) Array and inverter safety standard (IEC62109-2)l High insulation in small package (between coil and contacts)- Dielectric strength: AC 4,000V- Surge strength: 6,000Vl Low coil power consumption: 1,400mWl Coil holding voltage can be reduced up to 35% of nominalcoil voltage (ambient temperature; +20 °C, contact current; 32A)Power consumption at the lowest coil holding voltage; 170mW* Coil holding voltage is the coil voltage after 100ms ofapplied nominal coil voltagel Plastic materials: Flammability; UL94 V-0l Cadmium-free contactsl Flux free, cat. RTII protectionl RoHS compliant.n PARTNUMBER INFORMATIONFTR-K3 A B 012 W - PS[Example] (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)(a) Relay type FTR-K3 : FTR-K3-Series(b) Contact configuration A : 1 form A / PCB type(c) Coil power B : Standard (1,400mW)(d) Coil rated voltage 012 : 5.....48 VDCCoil rating table at page 3(e) Contact material W : Silver alloy(f) Option code PS : High current (32A) / contact gap 1.8mmn SPECIFICATION*1 Minimum switching loads mentioned above are reference values. Please perform the confirmation test with actualload before production since reference values may vary according to switching frequencies, environmental conditionsnCOIL RATINGType Compliance Contact ratingULUL 508Flammability: UL 94 V0 (plastics)32A, 277VAC (General use, at 85 °C)CSA 22.2 No.14 (approved by cULus)VDEIEC61810-132A, 250VAC (cos φ = 0.8, at 85 °C)n SAFETY STANDARDSNote: All values in the table are valid for 20°C and zero contact current.* Specified operate values are valid for pulse wave voltage.n DIMENSIONSl Dimensionsl PC board mounting hole layout(BOTTOM VIEW)lSchematics (BOTTOM VIEW)1. General InformationlAll signal and power relays produced by Fujitsu Components are compliant with RoHS directive 2002/95EC includingamendments.l Cadmium as used in electrical contacts is exempted from the RoHS directives on October 21st, 2005. (Amendment to Directive 2002/95/EC)l All of our signal and power relays are lead-free. Please refer to Lead-Free Status Info for older date codes at: /us/downloads/MICRO/fcai/relays/lead-free-letter.pdfl Lead free solder plating on relay terminals is Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu, unless otherwise specified. This material has been verified to be compatible with PbSn assembly process.2. Recommended Lead Free Solder ProfilelRecommended solder Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu.RoHS Compliance and Lead Free Information3. Moisture SensitivitylMoisture Sensitivity Level standard is not applicable to electromechanical relays, unless otherwise indicated.4. Tin WhiskerslDipped SnAgCu solder is known as presenting a low risk to tin whisker development. No considerable length whisker was found by our in house test.We highly recommend that you confirm your actual solder conditionsFlow Solder condition:Pre-heating: maximum 120˚CSoldering: dip within 5 sec. at260˚C solder bathSolder by Soldering Iron:Soldering Iron Temperature: maximum 360˚C Duration:maximum 3 sec.Fujitsu Components International Headquarter OfficesJapanFujitsu Component LimitedGotanda-Chuo Building3-5, Higashigotanda 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141, JapanTel: (81-3) 5449-7010Fax: (81-3) 5449-2626Email: promothq@Web: North and South AmericaFujitsu Components America, Inc.250 E. Caribbean DriveSunnyvale, CA 94089 U.S.A.Tel: (1-408) 745-4900Fax: (1-408) 745-4970Email: components@Web: /components EuropeFujitsu Components Europe B.V.Diamantlaan 252132 WV HoofddorpNetherlandsTel: (31-23) 5560910Fax: (31-23) 5560950Email: info@Web: /components/Asia PacificFujitsu Components Asia Ltd.102E Pasir Panjang Road#01-01 Citilink Warehouse ComplexSingapore 118529Tel: (65) 6375-8560Fax: (65) 6273-3021Email: fcal@Web: /sg/services/micro/components/©2012 Fujitsu Components Europe B.V. All rights reserved. All trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The contents, data and information in this datasheet are provided by Fujitsu Component Ltd. as a service only to its user and only for general information purposes.The use of the contents, data and information provided in this datasheet is at the users’ own risk.Fujitsu has assembled this datasheet with care and will endeavor to keep the contents, data and information correct, accurate, comprehensive, complete and up to date.Fujitsu Components Europe B.V. and affiliated companies do however not accept any responsibility or liability on their behalf, nor on behalf of its employees, for any loss or damage, direct, indirect or consequential, with respect to this datasheet, its contents, data, and information and related graphics and the correctness, reliability, accuracy, comprehensiveness, usefulness, availability and completeness thereof.Nor do Fujitsu Components Europe B.V. and affiliated companies accept on their behalf, nor on behalf of its employees, any responsibility or liability for any representation or warrant of any kind, express or implied, including warranties of any kind for merchantability or fitness for particular use, with respect to these datasheets, its contents, data, information and related graphics and the correctness, reliability, accuracy, comprehensiveness, usefulness, availability and completeness thereof. Rev. March 15, 2012。
非隔离型级联H5光伏逆变器共模漏电流特性分析
非隔离型级联H5光伏逆变器共模漏电流特性分析郭小强;贾晓瑜【摘要】The suppression of common mode current is a key technical issue in transformerless photovoltaic (PV) system. Firstly, the common mode model of the conventional transformerless grid-connected cascaded H-bridge PV system is established. The mathematical expression of the common mode current is derived. The major factors that affect the common mode current are discussed. The reason that the conventional cascaded H-bridge inverter fails to reduce the common mode current is explained. Secondly, a new cascaded H5 topology and its modulation strategy are proposed to solve the common mode current issue. Finally, a prototype with digital control is built. The experiment tests of cascaded H4 and H5 topologies are carried out. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.%共模漏电流抑制是非隔离型光伏并网系统需要解决的关键问题.首先建立传统非隔离型级联H桥光伏并网系统共模模型,推导出系统共模漏电流数学表达式,分析影响系统共模漏电流的主要因素,指出传统级联H桥逆变器无法抑制共模漏电流的原因.然后提出一种级联H5逆变器拓扑及其调制策略,有效地抑制了系统共模漏电流.最后搭建数字控制实验样机系统,对级联H4拓扑和级联H5拓扑进行对比实验,实验结果验证了所提方案的有效性.【期刊名称】《电工技术学报》【年(卷),期】2018(033)002【总页数】9页(P361-369)【关键词】非隔离光伏系统;级联H桥逆变器;共模漏电流【作者】郭小强;贾晓瑜【作者单位】燕山大学电气工程学院秦皇岛 066004;燕山大学电气工程学院秦皇岛 066004【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM46随着世界各国对能源需求的增长，太阳能作为一种清洁可再生能源在发电领域得到越来越多的应用。
华为智能逆变器技术协议(含交流汇流箱)
XX公司XX项目并网光伏发电项目智能光伏电站解决方案技术协议甲方：XX公司乙方：XX公司丙方：XX设计研究院日期：XX年XX月目录第一章总则 (1)1.1一般规定 (1)1.2参考标准 (1)第二章供货范围 (2)第三章智能逆变器技术要求 (3)3.1技术要求 (3)3.2技术参数 (4)3.3关键器件清单 (5)3.4结构要求 (6)第四章交流汇流箱技术协议 (6)4.1技术参数 (6)4.2主要电器配置 (7)4.3结构要求 (8)第五章通信柜技术协议 (8)5.1基本参数 (8)5.2其他技术要求 (9)5.3安规要求 (9)第六章技术服务、设计联络、工厂检验 (9)6.1供确认的图纸及资料 (9)6.2设计联络会议 (10)6.3检验和性能验收试验 (10)6.4质量保证 (12)6.5项目管理 (12)6.6现场服务 (12)6.7人员培训 (12)6.8售后服务 (13)第一章总则1.1 一般规定（1）本技术协议适用于XX光伏并网发电项目电站工程的智能光伏电站解决方案，它对智能光伏电站解决方案关键组成及其附属设备的功能设计、结构、性能安装和试验等方面提出了技术要求，包含智能逆变器、交流汇流箱、室外通信柜、智能光伏电站无线传输系统、智能光伏电站集群管理系统。
（2）本技术协议提出的是最低限度的技术要求，并未对一切技术细节做出规定，也未充分引述有关标准和规范的条文，乙方应保证提供符合本规范书和有关国家标准，并且功能完整、性能优良的优质产品及其相应服务。
同时必须满足国家有关安全、环保等强制性标准和规范的要求。
（3）乙方在设备设计和制造中应执行规范书所列的各项现行（国内、国际）标准。
规范书中未提及的内容均满足或优于所列的国家标准、电力行业标准、通信行业标准和有关国际标准。
有矛盾时，按较高标准执行。
（4）乙方具有良好的财务状况和商业信誉；具备相关的公司体系认证书:ISO9001,ISO14001, OHSAS 18001。
华为智能逆变器技术协议(含交流汇流箱)
XX公司XX项目并网光伏发电项目智能光伏电站解决方案技术协议甲方：XX公司乙方：XX公司丙方：XX设计研究院日期：XX年XX月目录第一章总则 (1)1.1一般规定 (1)1.2参考标准 (1)第二章供货范围 (2)第三章智能逆变器技术要求 (3)3.1技术要求 (3)3.2技术参数 (4)3.3关键器件清单 (5)3.4结构要求 (6)第四章交流汇流箱技术协议 (6)4.1技术参数 (6)4.2主要电器配置 (7)4.3结构要求 (8)第五章通信柜技术协议 (8)5.1基本参数 (8)5.2其他技术要求 (9)5.3安规要求 (9)第六章技术服务、设计联络、工厂检验 (9)6.1供确认的图纸及资料 (9)6.2设计联络会议 (10)6.3检验和性能验收试验 (10)6.4质量保证 (12)6.5项目管理 (12)6.6现场服务 (12)6.7人员培训 (12)6.8售后服务 (13)第一章总则1.1 一般规定（1）本技术协议适用于XX光伏并网发电项目电站工程的智能光伏电站解决方案，它对智能光伏电站解决方案关键组成及其附属设备的功能设计、结构、性能安装和试验等方面提出了技术要求，包含智能逆变器、交流汇流箱、室外通信柜、智能光伏电站无线传输系统、智能光伏电站集群管理系统。
（2）本技术协议提出的是最低限度的技术要求，并未对一切技术细节做出规定，也未充分引述有关标准和规范的条文，乙方应保证提供符合本规范书和有关国家标准，并且功能完整、性能优良的优质产品及其相应服务。
同时必须满足国家有关安全、环保等强制性标准和规范的要求。
（3）乙方在设备设计和制造中应执行规范书所列的各项现行（国内、国际）标准。
规范书中未提及的内容均满足或优于所列的国家标准、电力行业标准、通信行业标准和有关国际标准。
有矛盾时，按较高标准执行。
（4）乙方具有良好的财务状况和商业信誉；具备相关的公司体系认证书:ISO9001,ISO14001, OHSAS 18001。
光伏逆变器全球主要国家安规及认证标准
德国：VDE 0126-1-1;VDE-AR-N-4105;VDE V 0124-100
奥地利：OVE E-8001-4-712
意大利：ENEL 2010 Ed.2.1 RD 1699
欧洲其他国家：EN 50438
不同国家的安规认证可以说是光伏逆变器走向国际市场的一张通行证，由于全球各国家的电网制式及并网政策的不同差异，这对逆变器测试顺利的通过安规测试认证 还是有一定的技术难度，也是中国光伏制造企业迫切需要解决的问题，这里简要分享以下最具市场潜力的国家地区对光伏逆变器认证的安规要求。
全球国际地区
适用标准/法规
光伏逆变器全球主要国家安规及认证标准不同国家的安规认证可以说是光伏逆变器走向国际市场的一张通行证由于全球各国家的电网制式及并网政策的不同差异这对逆变器测试顺利的通过安规测试认证还是有一定的技术难度也是中国光伏制造企业迫切需要解决的问题这里简要分享以下最具市场潜力的国家地区对光伏逆变器认证的安规要求
光伏逆变器全球主要国家安规及认证标准
欧洲市场
基本要求
安规：IEC/EN 62109-1；IEC/EN 62109-2
软件：IEC/EN 60731-1
EMC: EN 61000-6-1;EN 61000-6-2
EN 61000-6-3;EN 61000-6-4;EN 55011
EN 61000-3-2;EN 61000-3-12
性能：IEC 61683，IEC 62116，IEC61727
北美/加拿大
基本要求
安规：UL1741;CSA C22.2 No.107.1-01
软件：UL1998
并网要求
IEEE1547;IEEE1547.1
IEEE C62.41.2;IEEE C62.45-Surge
古瑞瓦特新能源光伏逆变器产品手册
+ 86 755 2747 1900 + 86 755 2749 1460 Service@ T F E W古瑞瓦特新能源光伏并网逆变器专家专利证书软件著作权技术特点世界各地认证公司简介DK5940G83VDE0126G59VDE-AR-N4105CEI 0-21古瑞瓦特新能源（growatt）有限公司成立于2010年3月，是一家专注于光伏逆变器研发、生产及销售的新能源公司。
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在深圳自主研发中心，公司聚集了一批由60余名高级工程师组成的研发团队，已获得或正在申请的专利（著作权）已达三十余款。
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2012年初，公司于国际著名风险资金-红杉资本和国内投资巨头招商局集团投资成功牵手合作，并计划上市发展，届时公司市值有望超过100亿。
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VDE0126-1-1 _English (2007-10)
DIN V VDE V 0126-1-1:2006-02Draft standard translatedIntertek Testing Services, internal use only!!! Rev.: 2007-10-09By: Ole Stilling & Sammy Wu 1 Application scopeThe automatic disconnection device between the power generating unit and the low voltage supply grid works as a replacement for a breaker with isolation disconnection that at all times are accessible for the grid operator. It prevents unintended supply from the power generating unit to a grid that is separated from the main part of the grid (islanding) and therefore in addition to DIN VDE 0105-100 provide protection toOperators against voltages on the separated grid part.Equipment against unacceptable voltage and frequency.Consumers against unacceptable voltage and frequency.Equipment from faults in the generating unit.In case of faults in the supply grid the automatic disconnecting device protects against:Unacceptable voltagesUnacceptable frequenciesThe automatic disconnecting device does not protect the generating unit for overload and short circuit. This protection is to be provided by other means according to DIN VDE 0100-712, DIN VDE 0100-430 and DIN VDE 0100-530.2 Normative references3 DefinitionsUnintended islanding operation:An islanding operation is a condition where part of the grid is disconnected from the main part of the grid. The separation may be caused by various switching activities in the grid such as operation of protective equipment or loss of power plants.Power generating system:System consisting typically of a renewable power source (PV panels, windmills, water turbine, etc.) and either an inverter or another type of a.c. power converter.RCMU:Fault current protection. This is a unit that is required for equipment without an insulation barrier with basic insulation between the power generating unit and the grid.4 RequirementsThese requirements apply to integrated or separate (independent) disconnecting devices unless otherwise noted.The disconnection device has to cut off the power generating system on the ac side from the grid by two switches in series when:•the voltage and/or the frequency of the grid is deviating,•direct current (DC) is fed into the Grid.•unintentional islanding operation occurs,•intentional islanding operation using grid backup systems (emergency supplies).Before the connection is established it should be measured over a period of 30 seconds if the voltage and the frequency of the Grid are in the tolerance range according to 4.2.1, 4.2.2, and 4.3. If this is the case, the connection can be established and power export can begin whereby from the beginning of the connection being established the criteria of 4.2 to 4.5 and 4.7 are fulfilled. After a cut-off due to one of the safety functions of the disconnection device the reconnection must be performed the same way. After a cut-off due to a short-time supply break, reconnection is allowed if the voltage and frequency have been in the range of tolerance for 5 seconds according to 4.2 and 4.3. A short-time supply break is defined by overshooting or undershooting the critical values (of voltage and/or frequency) for a maximum of three seconds. Unintentional Islanding must also be detected when there is no power export or import to or from the grid that is separated.4.1 Functional safetyThe safety must be assured under all operating conditions complying with the defined functions (4.2 to 4.5 and 4.7) of the disconnection device (see figure 1). The disconnection device can be independent or an integrated part of the power generating unit and must switch off in case of a fault and indicate the fault status.4.1.1 Single fault safetyAccording to the basic safety principles the disconnection device has to be configured, constructed, selected, put together and combined in a way that it can withstand the expected operating demands (e.g. reliability regarding its capability and frequency of switching) and outside influences such as mechanical vibrations, external fields, interruptions or faults.A single fault in the disconnection device must not lead to loss of the safety functions. Faults produced by the same cause have to be taken into consideration, if the probability of an occurrence of such a fault is significant. Whenever reasonably possible the single fault has to bedisplayed and must lead to a cut-off of the power generating system from the grid. COMMENT 1: The requirement for the detection of single fault doesn’t mean that all faults have to be detected. Therefore, the accumulation of undetected faults may possibly lead to an unintentional output signal and a dangerous state.COMMENT 2: This kind of performance of the system permits that:-The safety functions remain operative in case of a single fault;-Some but not all faults are detected;-The accumulation of undetected faults may lead to a loss of the safety functions.4.1.2 Disconnection deviceThe switches connected in series independently have to have a breaking capacity according to the rated current of the generating system. At least one of the switches must be of relay or contactor type and must be suitable for over voltage category 2. Switches of single phase systems must have a contact both in the neutral and the phase with this category. For all phase conductors of systems feeding in polyphase a contact with this over voltage category is required. The second switch of the two required may consist of electronic switching elements e.g. of the inverter-bridge connection in case of an inverter being used or other circuits, provided the electronic switching element can be switched off by control signals and provided that a failure will be detected latest at the moment before next reconnection and reconnection is prevented in this case.4.2 Monitoring of the voltage4.2.1 Undervoltage (protective function)A voltage between outer conductors connected to the grid of ≤ 80% V N must lead to switch off within 0.2 seconds. This voltage limit must not be possible to be changed in the equipment.4.2.2 Overvoltage (protective function)A voltage between outer conductors connected to the grid of ≥ 115% V N must lead to switch off within 0.2 seconds. This voltage limit must not be possible to be changed in the equipment.4.2.3 Overvoltage (Monitoring of the voltage quality)The objective is for the voltage to remain within the critical limits at the connection point. For every outer conductor of the connection point, a moving average over 10 minutes shall be measured. The point of triggering can vary between 110% V N and 115% V N to take the voltage drop between the installation point and the connection point into account. The equipment as delivered shall have a triggering point of 110% V N. Exceeding the set value must lead to switch off. The adjustment of this value is only to be performed in agreement with the network operator.4.3 Monitoring the frequencyFrequencies undershooting 47.5 Hz or exceeding 50.2 Hz must lead to a switch off within 0.2 seconds.4.4 Monitoring the d.c. currentA feed in of d.c current into the low-voltage grid due to defective equipment must lead to a switch off within 0.2 seconds. For this purpose the fault itself or a measurement of the dc component of the current exceeding 1 A can be used as disconnection criteria.4.5 Detection of islanding4.5.1 Single equipment operationIslanding operation must lead to switch off according to test conditions of the type test in 6.5.4.5.2 Multiple equipment operationThe identification of separate mains (Grids) operation can be realised individually for each system so that each system fulfils the requirements of 4.5.1. Alternatively the automatic disconnection device can receive orders requiring a cut-off from an equivalent protector with islanding detection function via an interface. A cut-off order must be carried out within 0.2 seconds. The protector giving the cut-off orders as well as the interface have to fulfil the requirements of 4.1.1 regarding functional safety.4.6 MarkingA generating system equipped with an automatic disconnecting device must be marked with an identification plate saying “VDE 0126-1-1” which is visible from the outside. Further marking according to DIN EN 50178 (VDE0160) has to be attached if possible or to be added to the associated documentation.4.7 Special requirements4.7.1 PhotovoltaicInverters without a basic insulation (e.g. basic insulated transformer) between the grid and the photovoltaic-Generator must have a fault current monitoring unit (RCMU) installed. The d.c. and a.c. component of the fault current depend on the construction of the inverter and on the d.c. voltage of the PV-generator.A switching point without an integrated RCMU must have an external fault current protector. In this case the tests mentioned in 6.6 are not necessary. The required type of protector has to be specified in the manual by the manufacturer.The insulating resistance on the generator side before connecting to the grid must be ≥ 1kΩ/V relating to the maximal a.c. input voltage of the inverter, but must be at least 500 kΩ. Leakage currents more than 300 mA must lead to switch off within 0.3 seconds. Regardless of the rated output of the inverter sudden fault currents must lead to switch off according to table 1.Table 1 – maximum turn-off timeEffective value of the fault current/ (mA) turn-off time/(s)30 0,360 0,15150 0,04The indicated turn-off times are valid for the whole temperature ranges stipulated by the manufacturer.Inverters without a basic insulation (Basic insulated transformer) between the grid and the PV-generator must have both switches (relay and contactor described in 4.1.2) fulfilling the mentioned requirements.COMMENT: A construction with a disconnecting device between the inverter and the PV-generator and a disconnecting device between the inverter and the net is possible.5 General requirementsLimits according to DIN EN 61000-6-3 (VDE 0839-6-3) regarding radio interferences must be complied with. For disturbance-free operation disturbance limits according to DIN EN 61000-6-2 (VDE 0839-6-2) must be complied with..6 Type testingThe following tests are valid for integrated and separated disconnecting devices unless otherwise noted. A separate disconnection device must be tested together with a suitable supply. It has to be ensured that the turn-off signal is caused by the disconnection device and not by the supply.6.1 Functional safetyThe testing of single fault safety and fault detection with subsequent cut-off according to 4.1 must be carried out by single fault simulation.6.2 Monitoring the voltageTo test the process of monitoring the voltage the automatic disconnection device must be operated via an a.c. voltage source with variable amplitude at rated a.c. voltage and at any power. The actuating time stipulated in 4.2 must be complied with if voltage jumps do not undershoot the lower voltage limit by more than 3% of the rated voltage or exceed the upper limit by more then 3% of the rated voltage according to 4.2. Every outer input conductor must be tested.6.3 Monitoring the frequencyTo test the process of monitoring the frequency the automatic disconnection device must be operated via an alternating voltage source with variable amplitude and frequency at any rating. The actuating time stipulated in 4.3 of monitoring the frequency must be observed when changing the frequency constantly from the rated value to the respective critical value with aspeed of 1 Hz/s. The function of monitoring the frequency must be carried out at the upper and lower limit within the defined voltage range according to 4.2.6.4 Monitoring the dc currentTo test the process of cut-off due to feed in of direct current you can choose one of the following:a)The measuring device at the switching point (e.g. current transformer or resistance) is fedwith direct current of 1 A. The cut-off must be carried out within 0.2 seconds.b)By means of a fault simulation it is measured if a defective system operation with a d.c. faultcurrent of more than 1 A leads to cut-off within 0.2 seconds.6.5 Detection of islanding operationTo test the process of cut-off due to unintentional islanding a test must be carried out according to one of the procedures described in 6.5.1 to 6.5.3. The applied procedure must comply with the requirements regarding functional safety described in 4.1.6.5.1 Measurement of the impedance6.5.1.1 Test circuitThe test circuit (see fig. 2) simulates a balanced parallel supply state as well as conditions of voltage and frequency stability of a certain part of the network that can form a separate network by means of interruption. Under these circumstances the automatic disconnection device must detect the disconnection of the grid and cut off the generating system within 5 seconds.The test circuit shall fulfil the following requirements:The direct voltage side of the inverter is fed by an adjustable energy source. Energy supply of generating systems without an inverter is by a suitable drive. At the alternating voltage side of the a.c. supply, resistance (R1), inductor (L1) and capacitor (C1) are parallel connected to the output, so that the reactive power (exported or imported) with switch S closed (switch S for impedance step increase) from the supply is less than 5% of the rated power of the system.The switch S has a resistor R3 connected across the switch. For the purpose of testing, R3 is 1Ω. Starting with the impedance of the test grid Z N≤ 0.5 Ω, the impedance (R2, L2) is increased in selectable steps of not more than ± 0.25 Ω (including the deviations of the grid caused by the normal operation) up to 1 Ω resistance. The test is repeated with 0.8 Ω resistance in combination with 0.5 Ω reactance in stead of 1 ohm. With this process of raising the impedance it shall betested by operating the switch S that an impedance jump of 1 Ω leads to cut-off within 5 seconds.(Added by Translator: it is assumed suitable to keep the ratio R2 / L2 approximately constant for each step.)6.5.1.2 Test procedure100% of the rated power of the inverter is supplied by a suitable energy source. Systems without inverters must also be adjusted to the rated power. At the a.c. voltage side resistances, inductors and capacitors are adjusted to the test requirements. The switch (S) is opened in this state. A cut-off must be carried out within 5 seconds.If voltage and frequency are in the range of tolerance, reconnection is allowed, at the earliest, 30 seconds after disconnection.Between 20 to 60 seconds after reconnection of the disconnection device the switch (S) is closed and after a minimum of 30 seconds opened again. After opening of the switch (S) cut-offs must be carried out within 5 seconds.This test is repeated at different Grid impedances.To test a three phase disconnection device, the test circuit in fig 2 is connected between the phases sequentially. The other two phases are connected directly to the grid. After opening of the switch (S) cut-offs must be carried out within 5 seconds.6.5.2 Test of the resonance circuitThe d.c. voltage side of the inverter is fed by a suitable direct voltage source. Energy supply for systems without inverters must be suitable for the purpose. At the a.c. voltage side of the system; resistor, inductor and capacitor are parallel connected to the output in order to create a RLC oscillating circuit. The resistor, inductor and capacitor must be finely adjustable to real and reactive power (see fig. 3). RLC oscillating circuit as well as the generating system are to be connected to the network or a suitable network simulator by separate switches.The oscillating circuit must have a quality factor Q of at least 2. The real power accepted by the oscillating circuit must correspond to the one delivered by the generating system or the inverter by at least ± 3%.The klirrfactor (klirrfactor = Harmonics divided by RMS value, THD = KF*RMS/F; F is the fundamental frequency component) of the inductor current must be less than 3% based on the rated voltage. For the adjustment of capacitance and inductance the values are as follows:L = U2 C = P · Q2п· f · P · Q 2п· f · U2Whereas U is the voltage, f the frequency and P the real power of the generating system.6.5.2.2 Test procedure1.The power of the generating system is realised by means of a d.c voltage source or anothersuitable means for generating systems without inverters.2.The system is connected to the grid by closing S2 and S3. Now the reactive power (P Q,WR)flowing from the generating system into the grid is measured. During the measurement, the oscillating circuit is disconnected but with the resistance adjusted to give approximately the required test powers.3.The system is disconnected from the supply (S2 open).4.The oscillating circuit is adjusted as follows:a)The inductance is adjusted so that Q > 2.b)The capacitor is adjusted so that P QC = - P QL - P Q,WR.c)The resistance is adjusted so that the accepted real power of the whole oscillating circuitis P WR.d)Oscillating circuit and inverter system are connected to the grid (S1, S2 and S3 closed)and the system is operated.COMMENT: The objective of the adjustment is to minimise the fundamental oscillating component of the current through S3. With the fine adjustment of the oscillating circuit (step 6) the most unfavourable conditions for establishing islanding operation shall be achieved.5.To start the test, the switch S3 is opened and the cut-off time is measured.6.After each successful test, the procedures are repeated with one of the parameters (L or C)altered in steps of approximately 1% up to a total value of around ± 5%.The whole procedure is to be carried out for P = 25%, 50% as well as 100% of the rated power. The whole test is passed if the cut-off time for each test was less than 5 seconds.The test must be carried out at a rated frequency of ± 0.1 Hz and a rated voltage of± 3%.To test a three phase disconnection device, sequentially one phase at a time is connected to the circuit in fig 3, the other two are connected directly to the grid. After opening of the switch (S3) cut-off must be carried out within 5 seconds.6.5.3 Monitoring of three phase voltageOnly for single phase supplies is a three phase monitoring of the outer conductor voltage as a criterion for islanding operation detection acceptable. As soon as one of the outer conductor voltages exceeds the critical value described in 4.2 by 80% U N or 115% U N a cut-off within 0.2 seconds must be carried out. Here the requirements of 4.1 regarding functional safety must also be fulfilled.COMMENT: Three phase voltage monitoring is also acceptable for constructional integration of several single phase supplies feeding into different outer conductors, as long as the currents can be handled individually so that any phase angle can be set.To test the process of monitoring the voltage the automatic disconnecting device is to be operated via an a.c. voltage source with variable amplitude at rated a.c. voltage and at any power. The actuating time stipulated in 4.2 must be complied with if voltage jumps do not undershoot the rated voltage by 3% or exceed it by 3% according to 4.2. Every outer conductor which is supplied must be tested.6.6 Monitoring of fault currentAll test have to be carried out at 0.85 U N, U N , 1.10 U N.COMMENT: These voltage limits ensure that the voltage monitoring is not actuated during thetest.6.6.1 Separate disconnection deviceFault current detection that is not integrated in the inverter is tested according to DIN EN 0664-100 (VDE 0664-100): 2002-05.For this purpose 9.9.1 “testing circuit” to 9.9.3 “testing of function under load at reference temperature” must be applied. One has to be aware that the switch device can switch on with delay when testing according to 9.9.2.2 “Test of function when closing on a fault current”.The time between the automatic switch on and the cut-off due to fault current is considered to be the turn-off time.The function of pulsating d.c. fault currents is tested according to 9.21.1. The function of smooth d.c. fault currents is tested according to 9.21.2.1 “testing the function with a constant rise of the d.c. fault current” to 9.21.2.7 “testing the function with superimposed pulsating d.c. fault currents and smooth d.c. fault currents”.6.6.2 Integrated disconnection deviceThe fault current monitoring device of a disconnection device that is integrated in an inverter is tested at rated power and maximal input d.c. voltage according to the following sections.6.6.2.1 Test circuitAn adjustable resistor with a switch is connected between one of the d.c. voltage conductors and the neutral conductor (N). An inverter with d.c. voltage connection PV+ and PV- has two configurations (see fig 4): N with PV+ (R1 fig. 4), N with PV- (R2 fig 4). In the test according to 6.6.2.2.3 an adjustable capacitor is in parallel with the resistor and switch combination. (C1, C2 see fig 4).6.6.2.2 Test ProcedureTests are carried out for all connections between d.c. voltage connections and the neutral conductor as defined in to 6.6.2.1.6.6.2.2.1 Test circuitThe disconnection device is mounted as in normal use. The test circuit must have a negligible inductance and correspond to fig 4. The measuring devices for detecting the fault current must beat least class 0.5 and must display RMS values up to a frequency of 2 kHz. The time measuring devices must have a relative accuracy of 10% at the measured value or better.6.6.2.2.2 Test of the function due to constantly rising fault currentSwitch S1 is closed and S2 open. The residual current is constantly raised to reach the value of 300 mA within 30 seconds. The trip current is measured 5 times, all five values must be below 300 mA. The test is repeated with switch S2 closed and S1 open. When using more than 2 generator connections the circuit has to be extended and the test must be carried out for all switching positions.(Translator’s note: During this test, C1 & C2 are not connected.)6.6.2.2.3 Test the function due to fault current that occurs suddenlyThis tests the function of RCMU with capacitive leakage current occurring under normal operating conditions, the capacitive current is overlaid by a sudden resistive fault current. To measure the maximal capacitive leakage current the capacitor C1 is increased with switches S1 and S2 open until the disconnection device turns off. C2 is not connected during this test. Then the capacitor is adjusted to a leakage current that is the measured trip value minus the value in table 1.The resistance R1is adjusted to every value of resistive fault current in table 1. Switch S1 is switched on. The disconnection device must operate. 5 measurements of the turn-off time for each fault current level must be carried out. No value must exceed the turnoff time limit according to table 1.The test is repeated with switch S2 and capacitor C2. In this case C1is not connected. When using more than 2 generator connections (e.g. Multiple PV panels) the circuit has to be extended and the test must be carried out for all the connections.6.6.2.2.4 Test of the detection of an insulation faultAt least one PV-line connection of the inverter is connected to a voltage source with the maximal permissible generator voltage. The inverter is connected to the grid. Now each PV generator connection shall be connected via a resistance to the earth potential. The resistance shall be smaller than the value defined in 4.7.1. In every case the inverter must display the fault and must not start exporting power.7 Routine testingThe manufacturer has to carry out routine tests regarding all safety relevant functions before delivering an automatic disconnection device.8 Guidelines for the installationInitial tests and re-examination in addition to the routine tests may be omitted. If the disconnection device is a separate unit it must not be used in a TN-C power system. In this case a TN-C-S power system must be created.Caption to the figuresGerman Englishfig 1Wechselrichter inverterBrückenschaltung bridge circuitSteuerung und redundante Netzüberwachung control and redundant monitoring of the Grid protectionNetz Grid (supply)fig 2 + 3Schaltstelle disconnection deviceAppendix A:(informative)Translated in free form:Frequency limits are harmonized with the requirements to power stations. By setting the lower limit to 47.5 Hz it is prevented that power sources are switching off when the frequency go low dues to insufficient supply in the grid.An increase in frequency is an indication that there is too much available power and by switching off the power sources a contribution to the power regulation is made. Large power stations have a relative high set cut-off value (51.5 Hz) since the cut-off and restart of these stations are not without problems.Use of emergency power generators:For the purpose of maintenance it is necessary to switch off parts of the grid at times. In order to deliver power to the customers also under these conditions emergency generators (e.g. diesel generators) may be connected to the separated grid parts. In most conditions an uninterrupted supply is possible.Instabilities may however occur under these circumstances and therefore the frequency of the emergency generators are adjusted to 50.3 Hz to secure that other sources are shutting down. This frequency is maintained to prevent any uninterruptible supplies of the customers to shut down (they normally do this at 50.4 Hz).To gain the necessary selectivity between the different sources the frequency 50.2 Hz was selected for the generation equipment.To provide an interrupt free supply at the end of the maintenance work the frequency is decreased to 50 Hz again. To prevent the generating unit from connection immediately and thereby destabilizing the grid a delay of 30s must be observed after a longer time of disconnection.Short time disconnections:For short time disturbances of less than 3 seconds a reconnect may occur within 5 seconds measured for the time the voltage and frequency is within their limits. Specific needs of generating equipment must be considered (e.g. rotating equipments).。
上海兆能逆变器产品手册
PVI3000TL
2800 W 3080 W
3200 W 500 Vdc 70 - 450 Vdc 20 Adc 60 Vdc optional 90 Vdc
2 1
230 Vac 1
15,7 Aac <20 mA
<1%
>97,1% >96,5%
有 <0,2 W
有 自然空冷
14 Kg
技术参数
PVI3200TL PVI4000TL PVI4600TL PVI5400TL
特性介绍：
最大效率97.8% 高效转化工作范围广 宽泛的直流输入和MPPT工作电压范围 低关断直流电压 IP65防水防尘设计，可用于室外 2路MPPT最大效率跟踪 直流开关可选
认证资质：
CE, VDE AR-N-4105, VDE 0126-1-1+A1, G83/2, G59/2, G59/3, AS4777, ENEL, RD1663, IEC61727, UTE C15-712, MEA, PEA, CQC, NB/T32004-2013, ROHS, REACH
夜间待机功率 接地漏电保护
散热方式
基本参数信息
尺寸（毫米） 重量
防护等级 显示
功能键 通信接口
热保护 噪声等级 操作温度范围
PVI1300TL
1000 W 1100 W
1300 W 500 Vdc 50 - 450 Vdc 18,4 Adc 50 Vdc optional 60 Vdc
2 1
230 Vac 1
23 Kg
23 Kg
IP65
LCD 2 x 16 characters
1
RS232 / RS485 / 以太网 / WiFi / GPRS
VDE标准标准号标准名称VDE0...
Amendment 2 to Draft DIN VDE 0106 Part 1
VDE 0106 Part 1 A Protection against shock current; Classification of electrical & electronic equipment
VDE 0250 Part 407 Insulated cables, wires and flexible cords for power installation. PVC insulated
A1
polyurethane sheathed flexible cable; Amendment 1 to draft Din VDE 0250-407
VDE 0472 Part 504 Testing of cables and insulated flexible cords. Effective capacitance.
VDE 0472 Part 506 Testing of cables, wires and flexible cords; Capacitance unbalance.
Amd 1
measurements. Identical with IEC 33(CO)88.
VDE 0604 Part 1 A Trunking mounted on walls and ceilings for electrical installations; General
1
require. General requirements, Amdt. 1
接线盒检验标准
为合格。用高压测试仪测试
绝缘电阻测试仪
抽测。 检 验水平 S‐1，接 收质量 限 AQL 2.5
高压测 试仪、 模拟组 件、铝 箔
模拟组件
6.6 环境实验
型 项次 要 求 式 试 抽 样 检 检验方法 抽样方 案及合 格判定 检验设 备器具
验 验 低温机械 稳定性
★
★
目检
抽测。 检验水 平 S‐1，接收 台灯、样 质 量 限 AQL 品 2.5
6.3.2 接线端子不得有锈蚀、镀层脱落等缺陷。 ★ 6.3.3 接线盒外观应干净，无沾污，无划伤、无明 显注塑缺陷，无毛刺锐边。 ★ 目检
抽测。 检验水 平 S‐1，接收 台灯、样 质 量 限 AQL 品 2.5
在 25℃±5℃结温下， 用晶体管测试仪测量
6.1.6
文件编号： 校订版别： 文件名称 6.2 几何尺寸
型 要 求 式 试 抽 样 检 检验方法 抽样方案及 合格判定 检验设备 器具
1
接线盒检验标准
页次/总页次：8/14
验 验 接线盒的几何尺寸和 尺寸误差应符合附图 的规定。 ★ 对照封样样品和图纸， 必要时测量。 检查外观、外形尺寸、接线端子相 ★ 关尺寸、壁厚尺寸和引线长度。参 考各接线盒图纸 检 验 水 平 样品、游标 S‐1，接收质 卡尺 量限 AQL 2.5
6.3 外观
型 项次 要 求 式 试 验 抽 样 检 验 检验方法 抽样方案及 合格判定 检验设 备器具
接线盒应具有以下不可擦除的标识： a. 产品型号 b. 制造材料 c. 电压等级 d. 输出端极性 6.3.1 e. 导线截面面积或线号 f. 警示标识 （包括触电危险和不得带电拔 开的警示） g. IP 防护等级 h. 导线、电连接器的认证标记、档案号 i. 额定工作温度
vde0126-5技术标准和iec62790的区别
vde0126-5技术标准和iec62790的区别VDE0126-5技术标准和IEC62790在以下几个方面存在差异：
1. 测试方法：VDE0126-5技术标准规定了对电缆和电线、电缆组件、高压设备等产品的测试方法，特别是关于耐电压和接地连续性等要求，用于保证电气设备在预期的正常和故障状态下工作。
而IEC62790主要是一个针对电气设备安全的标准，其涉及到设备在异常情况下对火焰的抑制能力，即阻燃要求。
2. 应用范围：VDE0126-5技术标准主要适用于住宅、商业和轻工业环境中使用的低压设备，而IEC62790的应用范围则更加广泛，涵盖了电气设备安全的标准。
3. 安全性要求：VDE0126-5技术标准在电气设备的安装、使用和测试等方面对安全性有较高的要求，包括电气设备的防触电保护、过载保护、电气间隙和爬电距离等方面的规定。
而IEC62790更加关注在火灾等异常情况下设备不会加剧火势，以减少火灾对人员和财产的危害。
总的来说，VDE0126-5技术标准和IEC62790都是为了确保电气设备和系统的安全运行，但侧重点有所不同。
前者更注重产品的测试方法和安装使用过程中的安全性，后者则更关注设备在异常情况下的安全性能。
如需了解更多信息，建议查阅两个标准的具体内容或咨询相关专业人士。
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TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006 Connectors for photovoltaic systems – Safety requirements and tests PV
R2
R1
150%
5m +R1
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
E
E1 • • E2 IP • • IP • E3 • •
(
)
IEC 60529
10N
IEC 60529 IP55
2000V + 4
50/60Hz
TÜV SÜD Group
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
B4 • • • • • • • • • >0.75mm2, 20N; 90° 45° 300mm 0.75mm2, 10N; 60 / 100 90°
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
h)
ambient temperature range -40°C - +85°C upper limiting temperature (ULT) limiting temperature (LLT): +100°C;
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-5:2008
a), b), n) . m) a) b)
A2 • A3 • •
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-5:2008
B
B1 • • B2 • • 10±1min • • • 10±1min 100±5°C 20±5°C 20±5°C 10±1min 91%-95%
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
F2 F3 • • F4 • • • 10 CTI IEC 60695-2-10 750°C
IEC 60695-2-10
HB, V-2, V-1, V-0 acc. to IEC 60695-11-10 650°C
HB, V-2, V-1, V-0 acc. to IEC 60695-11-
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-5:2008
V DIN V VDE V 0126-5:2008
A B C D E F G H
1 2 3
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-5:2008
C3 • • • • C4 • •
IEC 60068-2-2 Bb 1000h
C1
R2
R1
150%
5m +R1
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
D
D1 D2 • • • • D3 • • •
(
)
+85°C ± 2°C, 30min; 200
5N
10
10±1min
10%
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-5:2008
B3 • • B4 • • • • • • • •
HB, V-2, V-1, V-0 acc. to IEC 60695-11-10
ISO 4892-2 min. 60W/m2 300-400nm 65°C 65% 18min 102min 500h B5
A
A1 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) ; ;
type rated current ( A); rated voltage ( V); rated impulse voltage ( kV) maximum working voltage ( V); , pollution degree 3 ; protection degree; ambient temperature range type of terminals;
lower
i) type of terminals; j) ; k) DIN V VDE V 0126-3. l) ” “Not connecting or disconnecting under load”
;
m)
+ -.
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
1m UL 50mm x 50mm 5
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
//Biblioteka A1BOMpdf / pic / word
a), l), m) , a) b)
l)
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
A2 • • A3 • • A4 • • A5 •
5N
10
20N
1.5
80N
IEC 60512 16d
310N
50N 20N
•
TÜV SÜD Group
D4 • •
/
• •
TÜV SÜD Group
2000V + 4
50/60Hz
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
D5 • • IEC 60512-11-7 (11g) 4 method 1 or method 4
• • • D6 •
ISO 6988 24h
Scope • This Standard applies to connectors of application class A according to IEC 61730-1 for use in photovoltaic systems with rated voltages up to 1 000 V DC and rated currents up to 500 A per contact. • This standard applies to connectors without breaking capacity but might be engaged and disengaged under voltage. • Note: For connectors according to class B and C of IEC 61730 as well as for protection for class II equipment intended between 0 and 50V DC for use in photovoltaic-systems this standard may be used as a guide.
a) b) c) d) e) f) g)
; type rated current ( A); rated voltage ( V); rated impulse voltage ( kV), pollution degree protection degree, IP 55, ;
; 2 ; IP 66, IP 67;
dc R1
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
B2 • • • • • • B3 • • (50/60Hz)
0.01m/s 50 6.3.8
30s 6.3.9
B1 5m +R1 / 1min
R2
R1 2000V + 4 X
150%
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
C
C1 C2 • •
(
)
10mm2: 500mm ± 50mm >10mm2: 1000mm ± 100mm • • • • 85°C ULT
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-3:2006
TÜV SÜD Group
TEC
12 March 2009
V DIN V VDE V 0126-5:2008
V DIN V VDE V 0126-5:2008 Junction boxes for photovoltaic modules PV
Scope • This standard applies to junction boxes up to 1000 V DC for use on photovoltaic modules according to application class A of IEC 61730-1. • Note: For junction boxes according to application classes B and C of IEC 61730 in photovoltaic-systems this standard can be used as guideline.