专升本英语语法 主谓一致

专升本语法复习 主谓一致
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动 词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致, 这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可 归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑
意义一致和就近一致原则。
一、谓语动词为单数的情况 1.由and连接的 并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼两职或成
套事物 a worker and writer;a knife and fork
2. Every …and(every)…/each…and (each)… no… and (no)…, many a…and (many a)…连接两 个单数名词作主语.
e.g.1.Every boy and every girl__li_k_e_s_ to go swimming. 2. No teacher and no student__w__a_s__absent from the
e.g. 1. Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质。
2. No one except two servants was late for the dinner.
除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
5. one/every one/each /either/the number of +复数 名词作主语
e.g. Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。
考点：each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数。复 数代词+each, 谓语动词用复数。
思考：None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。
e.g. 1. Clothing _is___ badly needed in this flooded area. 2.The number of the unemployed __is__ still increasing. 3. All their baggage _w_a_s_ stolen. 4.The furniture __is_ convenient to move. 5.All the machinery in the factory __is__ made in China. 6. Jewelry __is_ used for decoration and wear.
例： The rest of the bikes are on sale
today.
剩下的自行车今天特价出售。 60% of the apple was eaten by the little
boy.
这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
考点一：主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及 “分数或百分数+名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复 数取决于连用的名词。
His family _____ a great one.
His family _____ music lovers.
2. means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。
The steel works _______ near the station.
3. “kind, sort, pair, type，amount，quantity + 名词” 作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据 其指代的内容而定。
解析：every possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复
数
同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成
时的被动语态。
答案：C
7.As a result of destroying the forests，a large ________ of desert
________ covered the land.
考点：若主语中有more than one 或many a/an， 尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍 用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语 时, 谓语动词仍用复数。
3.不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动
词用单数。
e.g.1.Serving the people _i_s__my greatest happiness.
literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
解析：a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。
答案：A
4.The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the
5.________ of the land in that district ________ covere
A.Two fifth；is
B.Two fifth；are
C.Two fifths；is
D.Two fifths；are
解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语
e.g.1.The poet and writer has come .(come）
2.A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
考点：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整 体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
A.number；has
B.quantity；has
C.number；have
D.quantity；have
考点：none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数，也可用 复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因 而谓语动词要用单数。
6.无生命集体名词clothing /cloth /furniture /traffic /jewelry/luggage/poetry/equipment/machinery（机 器)/baggage做主语
为人民服务是我最大的幸福.
2. When we’ll go out for an outingh_a_s_b__e_e_n_d_e__c.ided
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4.单数主语即使后面带有with, along with, together with,
like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to引导的 短语, 谓语动词仍用单数
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 2.Mary is one of those people who raise pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
3.A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese
e.g.Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.
is
（二）谓语动词为复数的情况
1. 由and /both…and连接的并列主语 2. 有生命的集体名词people , police, cattle, vermin(害 虫）, poultry（家禽） 等作主语。
meeting.
3. Each man and (each) woman __i_s____asked to
help.
考点：用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词
用单数。 something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。
7. 以ics结尾的学科名称：physics, mathematics, 以-s 结尾的疾病名称：arthritis (关节炎），diabetes （糖尿病），bronchitis(支气管炎） 单一政治实体：the United States；The United Nations 等
作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
The police _a_re__looking for the missing child. 3. 由山脉(The Himalayas)、群岛、瀑布(The Niagara Falls) 、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。
The Olympic Games _a_r_e_ held once every four years. 5. a number of/ a group of +名词作主语。
为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。
答案：C
6.Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution，but
the sky is still not clear.
A.is used
B.are used
C.has been used
D.have been used
（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
1. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成 员用复数。
6. 由两个部分组成的名词，以-s 结尾，scissors， glasses, trousers 谓语动词必须用复数，但这 些名词前若出现 a pair of,谓语一般用单数。