翻译与写作(英语)2017年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题

2017年南京航空航天大学考研试题359日语翻译基础

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:359满分:150分科目名称:日语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！一、次の日本語を中国語に訳してください。

（1*15＝15点）1.チームワーク2.面倒見が良い3.就職斡旋4.鞭撻5.オリジナリティー6.チャンレンジ7.キャリアを活かす8.スキルアップ9.五輪10.多岐にわたる11.アポイント12.拝承13.休心14.礼状15.身だしなみ二、次の中国語を日本語に訳してください。

（1*15＝15点）1.宣示；表现；显示2.顾虑3.赞助商；出资人4.暂缓增税5.西服6.吐槽7.召回8.记者招待会9.潜心钻研10.昵称；外号11.志愿者活动12.便利店13.工匠14.弊公司15.塞翁失马，安知非福三、次の日本語を中国語に訳してください。

（10*3＝30点）1.推薦書のような書類では法的な責任は生じないが、道義上の責任は重い。

したがって、紹介者は無責任な紹介を避けるべきである。

2.随筆の題は「身体髪膚これを父母に受く、あえて毀傷せざるは孝の始めなり」の古言に由来する。

3.つきましては貴社輸出商品についての必要かつ詳細な情報をお知らせ願います。

四、次の中国語を日本語に訳してください。

（10*3＝30点）1.进房间后，注意不要不脱大衣就坐下或翘起二郎腿，因为这也将会给自己带来负面影响。

2.我确信本公司商品一定能满足贵公司的需求，请您一读随信附上的出口产品清单。

3.正如诸位所知，在全球化的今天，企业间的竞争之激烈前所未有。

五、次の短文を中国語に訳してください。

（1*30＝30点）1946年、女性が投票や立候補をできるようになって初めての衆院選でのこと。

長野県に「高倉テル」1という候補者がいた。

名前だけ見て「女は女の候補に入れなきゃならん」と多くの女性が票を投じたそうだ。

翻译与写作（英语）2012年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题

翻译与写作（英语）2012年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题南京航空航天大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 A科目代码： 842 科目名称：翻译与写作(英语) 满分： 150 分注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points)（1）Judging from the scientists I know, and those whom I’ve read about, you can’t pursue the laws of nature very long without bumping into beauty. “I don’t know if it’s the same beauty you see in the sunset,” a friend tells me, “but it feels the same.” This friend is a physicist, who has spent a long career deciphering what must be happening in the interior of stars. He recalls for me this thrill on grasping for the first time Dirac’s（狄拉克）equations describing quantum mechanics, or those of Einstein describing relativity. “They’re so beautiful,” he says, “you can see immediately they have to be true. Or at least on the way toward truth.” I ask him what makes a theory beautiful, and he replies, “Simplicity, symmetry, elegance, and power.”（2）It is time for the baby’s birthday party: a white cake, strawberry-marshmallow ice cream, a bottle of champagne saved from another party. In the evening, after she has gone to sleep, I kneel beside the crib and touch her face, where it is pressed against the slats, with mine. She is an open and trusting child, unprepared for and unaccustomed to the ambushes of family life,and perhaps it is just as well that I can offer her little of that life.I would like to give her more. I would like to promise her that she will grow up with a sense of her cousins and of rivers and of her great-grandmother’s teacups, would like to pledge her a picnic on a river with fried chicken and her hair uncombed, would like to give her home for her birthday, but we live differently now and I can promise her nothing like that.（3）I desire urbanity. I believe this is the rarest quality in the world. Indeed, it probably does not exist anywhere. A really urbane person — a mortal open-minded and affable to conviction of his own shortcomings and errors, and unguided in anything by irrational blind prejudices — could not but in a world of men and women be regarded as a monster. We are all of us, as if by instinct, intolerant of that which is unfamiliar: we resent its impudence, and very much the same principle which prompts small boys to jeer at a straw-hat out of season induces their elders to send missionaries to the heathen.Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points)（1）从小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。

翻译与写作(英语)2017年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:842满分:150 分科目名称:翻译与写作（英语）注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points)（1）My colleagues and I in fundamental physics are the intellectual descendants of Albert Einstein; we like to think that we too search for beauty. Some physics equations are so ugly that we cannot bear to look at them, let alone write down. Certainly, the Ultimate Designer would use only beautiful equations in designing the universe! We proclaim when presented with two alternative equations purporting to describe Nature, we always choose to the one that appeals to our aesthetic sense. “Let us worry about beauty first, and truth will take care of itself!” Such is the rallying cry of fundamental physicists.The reader may perhaps think of physics as a precise and predictive science and not as a subject fit for aesthetic contemplation. But, in fact, aesthetics has become a driving force in contemporary physics. Physicists have discovered something of wonder: Nature, at the fundamental level, is beautifully designed. It is this sense of wonder that I wish to share with you.（2）Since it was he who lost the fight, we ought to come again to the conclusion that people are powerless in the world. In reality, we believe the reverse, and it takes the act of the man in the water to remind us of our true feelings in this matter. It is not to say that everyone would have acted as he did. Y et whatever moved these men to challenge death on behalf of their fellows is not peculiar to them. Everyone feels the possibility in himself. That is the abiding wonder of the story. That is why we would not let go of it. If the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, he was likewise giving a lifeline to those who observed him.The odd thing is that we do not even really believe that the man in the water lost his fight. “Everything in Nature contains all the powers of Nature,” said Emerson. Exactly. So the man in the water had his own natural powers. He could not make ice storms, or freeze the water until it froze the blood. But he could hand life over to a stranger, and that is a power of nature too. The man in the water pitted himself against an implacable, impersonal enemy; he fought it with charity; and he held it to a standoff. He was the best we can do.（3）There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August! Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields and sweet-smelling flowers—when the recollection of snow, and ice, and bleak wind, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth—and yet what a pleasant time it is! Orchards and corn-fields ring with the hum of labor; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground. A mellow softness appears to hang over thewhole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself to the very wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field is perceptible only to the eye, but strikes with no harsh sound upon the ear.Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points)（1）买到了几册新书，一册一册地加盖藏书印记，我最感到快悦的是这时候。

英语翻译基础2017年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. aerial refueling2. UAV3. debt risks4. community-level democracy5. telecom fraud6. satellite launch center7. pension insurance 8. crewed spaceship9. heavy-lift carrier rocket 10. maximum payload capacity11. overcapacity 12. downpayment13. asteroid 14. hypersonic aircraft15. aerodynamicsPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. 载人空间站2. 首飞3. 资产泡沫4. 增值税5. 探月工程6. 短期贷款7. 知识产权8. 机场跑道9. 旅行社10. 国有资本11. 飞行器设计12. 非政府组织13. 全球定位系统14. 社会主义核心价值体系15. 小康社会Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1In the Western imagination, Ch ina’s history has been inextricably linked to the notion of “empire”. But in fact, more than a millennium of Chinese history passed before anything resembling an empire ever existed. For centuries, seven separate states battled for military supremacy, until in 221 b.c. the Qin dynasty defeated the last of its rivals and unified the country. Military conquest is only part of the imperial story, however. China owes its ability to endure across time, and to re-form itself again and again after periods of disunity, to a fundamental reshaping of Chinese culture by the earliest dynasties, the Qin and the Han.Passage 2The winding course of the stream continually shut out the scene behind us and revealed as calm and lovely a one before. We glided from depth to depth, and breathed new seclusion at every turn. The shy kingfisher flew from the withered branch close at hand to another at distance, uttering a shrill cry of anger or alarm. Ducks that had been floating there since the preceding eve were startled at our approach and skimmed along the glassy river, breaking its dark surface with a bright streak. The pickerel leaped from among the lily pads. The turtle, sunning itself upon a rock or at the root of a tree, slid suddenly into the water with a plunge. The painted Indian who paddled his canoe along the Assabeth three hundred years ago could hardly have seen a wilder gentleness displayed upon its banks and reflected in its bosom than we did. Nor could the same Indian have prepared his noontide meal with more simplicity. We drew up our skiff at some point where the overarching shade formed a natural bower, and there kindled a fire with the pine cones and decayed branches that lay strewn plentifully around.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1中印作为战略合作伙伴，达成了许多战略共识，增强了战略互信。

2017年南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语考研真题

2017年南京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Vocabulary and Structure(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Only after he handed in his paper ________ he had made a few spelling mistakes.（分数：1.00）A.he realizedB.has he realizedC.did he realize √D.would he realize解析：句意：他交上卷子之后才意识到自己犯了几个语法错误。

only位于句首表示状语时，句子需要部分倒装。

2.________is most touching in O Henry's stories is the bravery with which ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity.（分数：1.00）A.WhichB.What √C.ThatD.One解析：句意：欧·亨利的小说中最感人的是普通人努力维护尊严的勇气。

句中第二个is是谓语，所选词引导主语从句，又在主语从句中做主语，因此what符合题意。

3.________ we have everything ready, we should begin right now.（分数：1.00）A.Since thatB.Since nowC.By nowD.Now that √解析：句意：既然我们都准备好了，我们应该立刻开始行动。

now that“既然，由于”，相当于since，引导原因状语从句。

4.“John told me that he was late for school this morning.” “Oh, he rarely used to be late, ________?”（分数：1.00）A.wasn't heB.was heC.didn't heD.did he √解析：本题考查反义疑问句的用法。

教育综合2017年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
南京航空航天大学
2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:333
满分:150 分
科目名称:教育综合
注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！
一、名词解释（共6题，每题5分，共30分）
1. 课程标准
2. 科举制度
3. 学习动机
4. 班级授课制
5. 最近发展区
6. 助产术（苏格拉底法）
二、简答题（共5题，可任选4题作答，每题10分，共40分）
1. 简述教育的基本要素
2. 简述教师劳动的特点
3. 简述学校德育的基本途径
4. 简述班集体的教育功能
5. 简述教学工作的基本环节
三、分析论述题（共5题，可任选4题作答，每题20分，共80分）
1. 论述建构主义学习理论的基本观点
2. 论述孔子因材施教思想及其教育影响
3. 结合经验，论述“理论联系实际”的教育教学原则
4. 结合经验论述教师的素养
5. 论述卢梭的自然教育思想
科目代码：010科目名称：教育综合第1页共1页。

基础英语2017年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:620满分:150 分科目名称:基础英语注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary (20 points)A.Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to writedown your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. reminiscea) indulge in enjoyable recollection b) remind someone of past eventsc) talk about something again d) feel repentant over something2. tackya) very pretty b) lacking in tastec) carefully prepared d) costing a lot of money3. verbositya) nonsense b) obscurityc) gibberish d) wordiness4. acmea) height b) significancec) development d) result5. exhilaratea) cause (someone) to feel surprised and upset b) make (someone) feel very happy and animatedc) make (someone) feel bitter or resentful d) give support or confidence to (someone)6. restivea) extremely graceful b) having a restc) resisting control d) peaceful and quiet7. discrepancya) unlikeliness b) congruityc) incredibility d) difference8. unequivocala) unambiguous b) unbelievablec) indignant d) indiscreet9. preposterousa) macabre b) unfortunatec) dangerous d) outrageous10. sojourna) a pleasant trip b) a nostalgic recollectionc) a temporary stay d) a sad experienceB. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points)1.What all this tells us is of a deep class rift in the culture of England after the Norman Conquest.2.To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, we renew our pledge of support: to preventit from becoming merely a forum for invective.3.Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, andtrauma.4.These young men had outgrown town and families and had developed a sudden bewilderingworld-weariness.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated majority.6.The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his penwould prove mightier than his pickax.7.Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity.8.Scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the springsnowmelt now comes earlier every year.9.These coasts remind me of people; either they are forbidding and unapproachable, or else they present nomystery and show all they have to give at a glance.10.His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles.II. Cloze (20 points)A.Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the requiredword on the answer sheet. (10 points)NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson is on the 1 of becoming the oldest woman to travel in space.Whitson will be 56 2 she rockets off the planet Thursday. She’ll celebrate her 57th 3 in February on the International Space Station.That’s a 4 cry from John Glenn’s space shuttle flight at 5 77, and it’s a 6 years shy of the male runners-up over the years. But it’s enough to 7 Barbara Morgan’s record as the world’s oldest spacewoman. Morgan was selected for NASA’s teacher-in-space program in 1985 8 didn’t get a chance to fly until 2007, when she was 55.This will be the third space station mission for Whitson, a biochemist, and her second stint 9 commander. She’ll launch from Kazakhstan, in Central Asia, 10 two younger men, one Russian and the 11 French.“I love wo rking at NASA, but the part that has been the 12 satisfying on a day-to-day 13 hasbeen working onboard the space station,” Whitson 14 reporters over the summer.“It doesn’t 15 if I’m cleaning the filters. I feel like I’m helping personally push 16 exploration . . . that’s 17 I want to go again.”Whitson already has 18 377 days in space and has performed multiple spacewalks. Her upcoming six-month mission should push her 19 534 days in space, the U.S. record 20 in September by 58-year-old astronaut Jeffrey WilliamsB. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points)without open initial four-wheel offer access hot evacuee devastate feel although chance seaside slow spokesman loadput helicopter emergency toA road has been cleared to the 1 town of Kaikoura on New Zealand’s east coast four days after it was cut off by a magnitude 7.8 quake that 2 the North Canterbury region of the South Island.The inland road to Kaikoura was 3 on Thursday morning, but only for trucks and 4 drive vehicles as it remained unstable and badly damaged.A convoy of 27 army vehicles 5 with relief supplies was immediately sent to the town.Gale-force winds and heavy downpours in quake-stricken areas continued to 6 the pace of relief efforts, 7 the majority of the 1,200 tourists stranded in Kaikoura had been evacuated by sea and air.Nearly 500 8 came into Christchurch early on Wednesday morning on the HMNZS Canterbury and were 9 up in empty student dormitories, where they were 10 cooked breakfasts and 11 showers after arriving at 5am.Police in Marlborough were using a military Iroquois 12 to begin checking on isolated high-country farms from the Clarence river 13 the upper Awatere valley, delivering 14 food and medical supplies to farmers who had gone 15 assistance since the quake early on Monday.Police 16 Dan Mattison said many people on isolated properties still had no phone or internet 17 and the next few days would be the first 18 for police to check on them.Aftershocks continued to be 19 , but less often. GeoNet said on Wednesday it had recorded more than 2,600 tremors since the 20 quake.III. Error correction (20 points)Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Example: “Wordsworth is said to have ∨most fascinating voice!” theAs the rise of Hitler in Germany, Churchill became a vocal critic 1. __________of his own government’s policy of appeasement. He had urged 2. __________re-armament, particularly the build up of the Royal Air Force in the 3. __________face of the threat of the growing German Luftwaffe. When appeasementfailed and Britain went to war, Churchill saw as the only man who could 4. __________stand up to the Nazi menace.It has frequently been remarked as his judgment was sometimes 5. __________erratic, but the power of his oratory rallied the British people at a time that 6. __________they seemed doom to lose. Then, when the United States entered 7. __________the World War II in December 1941, he addressed Congress, emphasizing 8. __________the need for Anglo-American solidarity and cited his own trans-Atlantic 9. __________ inheritance: his mother was the New York heiress Jenny Jerome. For him the 10. _________vital component was not the sharing blood, but the shared language. During 11. _________the war, the British Cabinet set up a committee to develop a simple form 12. _________of English that the whole world could embrace.Although Churchill fell from power in 1945, his commanding of rhetoric 13. _________was far from over. He coined the term “Iron Curtain”, marked the advent of 14. _________the Cold War. Returning to popular favour, he was Prime Minister oncemore from 1951-1955.Determined that history would judge him favourable, he wrote The 15. _________Second World War in six volumes between 1948 to 1953. It won him 16._________Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. 17. _________ By his death in 1965, he proved his mastery of both the written and 18. _________spoken forms of language – not just in the heavyweight arena of war 19. _________and politics. His unique wit and acerbic asides made him out of the most 20. _________acute observers of the twentieth century.IV. Paraphrase (30 points)Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1.Nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments, the very sight of which would send shivers down thespine of any healthy visitor.2.No one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S.history.3.She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that “no”is a word the world neverlearned to say to her.4.They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have everfaced.5.If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.6.Every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.7.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth tolead the land we love.8.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.9.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends.10.Heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.V. General Knowledge (20 points)A. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1. “If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different.” This statement is cited to represent _________.A. The arbitrariness of languageB. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisC. The origin of languageD. Innate Hypothesis2. “Nasty weather, isn’t it?” What function does this sentence fulfill?A. Informative function.B. Interrogative function.C. Performative function.D. Phatic function.3. Which of the following is NOT a step in the procedure of error analysis?A. Recognition.B. Comparison.C. Description.D. Explanation.4. Which of the following tests seeks to predict the learner’s probable strengths and weaknesses in learning a second language?A. Achievement test.B. Proficiency test.C. Aptitude test.D. Diagnostic test.5. The classification of varieties of language into Dialects and Registers is based on ____.A. The user and use of the languageB. The function of the languageC. The goal of the languageD. The structure of language6. Who is regarded as “Father of the English Novel” ?A. Daniel DefoeB. Samuel RichardsonC. Jonathan SwiftD. Henry Fielding7. Which of the following writers is NOT a Nobel Prize winner for literature?A. William FaulknerB. Doris LessingC. V. S. NaipaulD. J. M. Coetzee8. _________ ’ writing has established her as one of the greatest contemporary writers of fiction in Canada, and she has received many important prizes, including the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature for her work as “master of the contemporary short story” and three-time winner of Canada’s Governor General’s Award for Fiction.A. Margaret AtwoodB. Marian EngelC. Alice MunroD. Doris Lessing9. Which of the following statements about literary genre is NOT true?A. Folktale, strictly defined, is a short narrative in prose of unknown authorship which has been transmitted orally.B. An epic is an extended narrative poem or a novel, which celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes.C. A picaresque novel generally refers to a basically realistic work of fiction focusing on a lower-class rogue-hero, who experiences a series of loose, episodic adventures.D. Gothic Novel is now generally applied to literature dealing with the strange, mysterious, and supernatural designed to invoke suspense and terror in the readers.10. Which one of the following sentences is NOT from Walden?A. Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself.B. I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essentials facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach.C. If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generation the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown!D. Morning is when I am awake and there is a dawn in me. Moral reform is the effort to throw off sleep.B. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. predicate2. complementary distribution3. suprasegmental phonology4. broadening5. textual function6. sonnet7. Lake Poets8. ecological consciousness9. patriarchy10. Lost GenerationVI. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage AFor many years, parts of America’s space industry have complained that the rules governing the export of technology are too strict. Understandably, the government does not want militarily useful stuff to fall into the hands of its foes. But the result is a system that is too stric t in its definition of “militarily useful” and which favours lumbering dinosaurs such as Lockheed Martin and Boeing, which survive on fat government contracts, rather than nimble but small “furry mammals” that need every customer they can get, domestic or foreign.In December 2007 one of those mammals, a company called Bigelow Aerospace, filed the first legal challenge to America’s rules for exporting space technology. It disputed the government’s claim that foreign passengers travelling on a spaceship or space station were involved in a transfer of technology. The outcome suggests that there may be a chink in the armour of the export-controls regime.Improbable as it sounds, Bigelow Aerospace makes and launches inflatable space-station modules and hopes, one day, to build a commercial space station. Under the existing rules, any non-American passengers on its space stations would have to comply with onerous export controls. These take months to satisfy and could plausibly even culminate in government monitors being present while the foreigner was near American space technology. Even training on the ground in a mock-up module was deemed a transfer of technology and therefore required export controls.Yet, taking a passenger flight does not mean you can build an aeroplane, observes Mike Gold, head of Bigelow’s office in Washington, DC. His line of argument, it seems, has been accepted. Mr Gold says that the company received the ruling in February and that it has spent the past two months digesting it. He says that Bigelow has got “everything we could want”, though the ruling still precludes passengers from what he describes as the “bad-boy list of export control”—nationals from Sudan, Iran, North Korea and China will not be allowed to fly or train on suborbital p assenger flights, or visit Bigelow’s space station.Other private space companies have welcomed the ruling. Marc Holzapfel, legal counsel for Virgin Galactic, describes it as a “major development” because it frees the industry from having to go through the “complicated, expensive and dilatory export-approval process”. Tim Hughes, chief counsel of SpaceX, says the approval is exciting, because it seems to represent a “common-sense approach” and bodes well for similar requests made by companies such as his own to carry foreign astronauts hoping to work on missions to the International Space Station.The result also means something to the entire export-control regime, known as the International Traffic inArms Regulations (ITAR). Robert Dickman, executive director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, says the decision appears to convey a new willingness to “move away from the very restrictive approach that has been in place for almost a decade”. His organisation is hosting a forum later thi s month involving the private spaceflight industry and senior government officials to discuss the regulations.During the American presidential campaign, Barack Obama said that, if elected, he would review ITAR, focusing on space hardware. George Nield, associate administrator for commercial space transportation within the Federal Aviation Authority, says although he has not seen the new ruling, it was good news that the government “may now be willing to revise some of its export-control restrictions to enable American firms to be more competitive in their efforts to sell aerospace products and services globally”.1. What does “furry mammals” in the first paragraph probably refer to?A. giants in space industryB. small and Medium Enterprises in space industryC. a representative cross-section of the furry fandomD. smaller-sized, warm-blooded animals with hair2. The word “onerous” in the third paragraph of the passage is closest in meaning to___.A. complicatedB. irreplaceableC. inevitableD. stackable3. According to the passage, what seems the most possible reason for export controls?A. ideological tacticB. safety of the countryC. protection of technologyD. economic benefits4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Bigelow has fulfilled its objective.B. Other private space companies have welcomed the ruling because it simplified the export-approvalprocess.C. The new decision means something to the private spaceflight industry.D. George Nield stands in the middle when talking about the ruling.5. What is the best title for this passage?A. Freedom to fly.B. America’s space industry.C. Export-controls of space technology.D. Furry mammals need to survive.Passage BYou may have heard the legend of the pilot who bid passengers farewell after landing with these words: “The safest part of your trip is now over.” That isn’t just one pilot’s boast, it’s a truth most air travelers take for granted. Safety is an accumulation of knowledge about risk converted into practice, and no other mode of transportation has been as expansive as flying in incorporating what we know about the fallibility of humans and machines. As a result, the act of hurtling through the air at 500 mph six miles above the ground is less likely to result in your demise than almost any other type of travel. From the plane seats to the cabin air to the course and altitude of the flight, every decision in commercial aviation comes after careful consideration of its impact on safety.Airplane design is important to its saf ety. In the past 50 years, the world’s commercial airliners have racked up nearly one billion flight hours, providing an industry meticulous about recordkeeping with a steady stream of information that is used to constantly improve the design of airplanes and engines. And all this information gives engineers a truer understanding of the machine’s limits. Besides, manufacturers now know what happens in the real world, which prompts refinements that may make a genuine difference in safety instead of only in design.An equal amount of attention is also paid to the area where you sit. Capacious or cramped, first-class or economy, all airplane seats meet tough standards for durability and head-impact protection. The modern airliner seat can withstand 16 times the force of gravity. And seat protection doesn’t stop there. The fabrics and cushions are fire retardant and self-extinguishing, and they will not emit toxic smoke. Even the items you find in the seat back are tested to make sure they can’t become lethal. Th e insulation in the cabin walls is fire retardant, and, in the case of a fire, emergency lighting is close to the floor. This makes it easier to locate the exits in a smoke-filled cabin.Technology is no substitute for experience, skill and judgment. Airlines know the importance of good pilots and good training, which is why so much effort goes into selection and schooling. And what they need most is a personality that ensures good communication skills, that ensures leadership potential, the ability to work as part of a team and low risk-taking. For example, U.S. carriers expect pilots to have accrued hundreds of hours on their own nickel before applying to become commercial pilots.The pilots and the airplanes may be the stars of the show in commercial aviation, but behind the scenes, a new, almost Star Wars-like air traffic system is being built where airplanes guided by GPS will fly self-programmed routes, communicating with each other and with the ground. This is very different from the days when maps, blackboards and pencil and paper calculations were used to direct airplanes. Many planes today can operate in a geographic window so exact that their horizontal position remains within a wingspan, with vertical deviation less than the height of the tail. The linking of onboard and on-the-ground systems creates highways in the sky where nobody veers out of their lanes. Today, with more improvement on airplanes, your airplane ride may be the safety of your day.6. According to the passage, what does the author mean by saying “The safest part of your trip is now over”?A. It is just one pilot’s boast.B. It is often said by a pilot to bid farewell to passengers after landing.C. Airplane ride is taken as a safer transportation by most air travelers.D. Most air travelers take it for granted that airplane ride is the safest transportation.7. In terms of the factors that guarantee the safety of the plane, which one is NOT mentioned ____.A. airplane designB. pilots with good experience, skill and judgmentC. the airliner seats with protection effectD. improvements on airport property8. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Airplanes are more expansive than other mode of transportation in incorporating the fallibility ofhumans and machines.B. More flight hours can help engineers improve the design of airplanes and engines.C. Only some airplane seats meet tough standards for durability and head-impact protection.D. A amount of attention should be paid to selecting a certain kind of pilot for airliners.9. The last sentence in Paragraph 4 implies that ___.A. To apply to become commercial pilots, pilots have spent much in accumulating much experience andobtain some abilities at their own expense.B. To apply to become commercial pilots, pilots have to spend much money in obtaining some mostfundamental flight and landing skills.C. Commercial pilots seem to be the most demanding ones among all different kinds of pilots.D. Even hundreds of hours on his own nickel are insufficient for a pilot to be a qualified commercial pilot.10. What is the best title for this passage?A. Why Are Airplanes Safe?B. What Are Needed to be a Good Pilot?C. Factors to be a Safe Traveler.D. Road to Become a Pilot.Passage CThe subatomic particle is better known to scientists as the Higgs boson. And after decades of searches, it seems likely the elusive particle has been successfully detected inside an underground tunnel experiment run by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) outside Geneva. Results “consistent” with the hard-to-detect particle, in the words of CERN chief Rolf Heuer as he announced the discovery July 4, may be the opening act in explaining the structure of the sky over our heads.A source of heartburn t o serious science types now, the “God particle” nickname for the Higgs boson comes from the title of a 1993 book by Nobel-prize winner Leon Lederman, who was trying to play up the elusive nature of the particle.For a glimpse of one implication of this latest big news in science, climb aboard a time machine, saysphysicist Jonathan Feng of the University of California-Irvine, and visit the birth of the universe 13.7 billion years ago.“Simply take the universe backwards, to an early time when the cosm os was a hot mass, brand new, filled with particles that each weighed perhaps 500 times as much as a proton,” says Feng (protons are positively charged subatomic particles inside atoms). “Now play the film forward. Just let it go until it expands to fill w ith today’s stars and galaxies, and what you find is that it contains amounts of that particle that are just right to be ‘dark matter’ filling the universe.”Terrific, you might say, but what’s so wonderful about dark matter?Dark matter is basically a b unch of stuff, likely exotic physics particles, that we can’t really see (hence its name) but we know is out there. Astronomers realized a few decades ago that galaxies should be spinning faster than they are if the stars within them were the only things providing the gravity that holds them together. So, their theories go, there must be something - dark matter - slowing them down.It turns out that stars are just the shiny hubcaps on each galaxy, outweighed by a factor of nearly 6-to-1 by all the dark matter out there. Dark matter even pulls itself together through gravity. For example, the journal Nature last week reported that a dark matter cloud gravitationally connects two clusters of galaxies, called Abell 222 and Abell 223. This cloudy filament stretches over 11 million light years between the clusters and weighs 98 trillion times as much as our sun.That’s a lot of dark matter. So is the Higgs boson this elusive dark matter particle (or particles) then?Nope. But it may be a key to dark matter, physicists say.The Higgs boson is the physics particle that gives other particles their mass. Essentially it interacts with them to increase their resistance to being moved faster, which we can measure as mass.Because the Higgs boson’s basic job is to interact with other physics particles to give them mass, “the Higgs boson can interact with dark matter very easily,” Caltech’s Sean Carroll explained on NPR’s Science Friday show after the recent “God particle” announcement. “Dark matter is one of the most excit ing implications of this discovery,” Carroll said.How? That brings us back to Feng’s rerun of the universe. “Having a particle out there theoretically just a little heavier than the Higgs boson, which interacts with it, is waving a red cape in front of the eyes of physicists,” Feng says. “There is a lot more data coming from CERN ahead that may reveal the dark matter particle.”Dark matter particles that theoretically could be detected at CERN’s underground Large Hadron Collider are envisioned by a theory called “focus point supersymmetry.” Supersymmetry theories predict that the already-discovered particles that comprise everyday matter have much-heavier “super” counterparts awaiting detection (for example, the already detected “quarks” inside protons woul d have an undetected super-partner called “squarks”). Focus point supersymmetry predicts both a Higgs boson with a weight similar to the one reported on July 4, about 130 times as heavy as a proton, and dark matter particles.“In fact, the simplest focus p oint models predict that dark matter particles should be seen not long from now in the underground detectors that are searching for them,” if the CERN lab indeed found a Higgs boson,。

南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年

南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.malware（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：恶意软件2.code of conduct（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：行为准则3.inflation（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：通货膨胀4.search engine（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：搜索引擎5.square brackets（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：方括号6.3G mobile（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：3G手机7.MOU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：谅解备忘录(memorandum of understanding)8.Chairman of the Board（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：董事会主席9.tele-conference（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：电话会议10.correspondence university（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：函授大学11.vicious circle（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：恶性循环12.aircraft carrier（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：航空母舰13.entrepreneur（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：企业家14.financial crisis（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：金融危机15.intellectual property（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：知识产权二、Part Ⅱ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.波音（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Boeing17.硅谷（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Silicon Valley18.教育机构（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：education institution19.科学态度（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：scientific attitude20.市场营销（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：marketing21.高能物理（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：high-energy physics22.临界温度（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：critical temperature23.控制系统（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：control system24.经济发展（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：economic development25.希望工程（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Project Hope26.电流（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：electric current27.技术革新（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：technical innovation28.太阳能（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：solar energy29.太空站（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：space station30.数字电视（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：digital television三、Part Ⅲ(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word "cybernetics" (from the Greek word for "steersman", "kubernetes" ), to describe that branch of study which is concemed with self-regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal.We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of theirmass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand up right, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：美国数学家诺伯特·维纳是第一个将“控制论”(“cybernetics”一词来源于希腊文“kubernetes”，表示“掌舵人”)一词变为用来描述有关生物体和机器通信与控制自我调节系统研究方面常用词的人。

南京航空航天大学考研历年真题之845翻译与写作(日语)2007--2010,2012--2015年真题

ました。これを受けて、当時の野田首相が「これまでのエネルギー社会の在り方に大きな疑問を投げ掛けた」として「2030 年代に原発稼働ゼロを可能とする」という方針を示したのです。その後、2012 年 12 月の衆議院選挙で第 2 次安倍政権が誕生。今年 1 月になって安倍首相が「前政権のエネルギー環境戦略をゼロベースで見直す」ように大臣に指示しました。当然、「2030 年代に原発稼働ゼロ」の方針も見直しの対象です。原発を稼働させることを首相が想定しているのだとしても、「原子力発電だけで半分以上の発電量をまかなう」という計画はそのまま受け入れられるはずがありません。2010 年のエネルギー基本計画は事実上生きておらず、福島の原発事故は、現在の基本計画に対して見直しを迫っています。いま、ほとんどの原発が停止しているのはご存知のとおりです。日本のエネルギー問題を考えたとき、現状のように石油などの化石エネルギーでほとんどをまかない続けるべきでしょうか？あるいは原子力によるエネルギー供給を認めるべきなのでしょうか？それとも自然エネルギーでほとんどをまかなうべきなのでしょうか？エネルギー政策は大きな転換点を迎えています。このため資源エネルギー庁は、調査会での議論の参考にするため現実的な意見を募集しています。みなさんはどう考えますか？ . 50
效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！
(100 分) (40 分)
科目代码：845 科目名称：翻译与写作（日语）第 1 页共 3 页
(60 分)
科目代码：845 科目名称：翻译与写作（日语）第 2 页共 3 页
(50 分)
科目代码：845 科目名称：翻译与写作（日语）第 3 页共 3 页
2

南京航空航天大学357英语翻译基础2015-2018年考研专业课真题试卷

精都教育——全国100000考生的选择我们的梦想，为成就更多人的梦想南京航空航天大学研究生入学考试试题原版考研真题试卷更多考研真题、笔记、模拟、题库、讲义资料就上精都考研网/南京航空航天大学2018年考研专业课真题试卷（原版）南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. accident rate2. community of shared interests3. online car-hailing4. Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank5. takeoff runway6. Global Navigation Satellite System7. Remote Sensing Satellite 8. spacesuit9. lunar module 10. multi-entry visa11. simulated flight test 12. space debris13. unmanned spacecraft 14. two-dimensional barcode15. cosmic velocityPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. 航站楼2. 新常态3. 自贸区4. 供给侧改革5. 人工智能6. 低碳城市7. 量子卫星8. 精准扶贫9. 实名认证10.“丝绸之路经济带”11. 免税店12. 无现金支付13. 带薪休假14. 航天飞机15. 雷达识别Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 p oints (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1Sometimes you’d rather not know the bad news. An estimated 500,000 pieces of space junk—old satellites, rocket parts, debris from collisions—swarm in orbit around Earth. Much of it is potentially deadly: NASA officials say anything larger than 1 centimeter in diameter poses a threat to the International Space Station (ISS). But current tracking systems can generally only watch objects 10 cm or larger, and the U.S. government now follows less than 5% of space hazards— just 23,000 objects. That should change with the addition of a powerful new Air Force radar system, scheduled to break ground this month on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.科目代码：357科目名称：英语翻译基础第1页共2页。

翻译与写作(英语)2018年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题

南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:842满分:150 分科目名称:翻译与写作（英语）注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points)（1）The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word “cybernetics” (from the Greek word for “steersman”), to describe that branch of study which is concerned with self-regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal. We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of their mass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand upright, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.（2）The book that has been treasured many years and read again and again is not merely a book written by somebody or other so many years ago. It is part of oneself, incorporated and inseparable; and after one has spent some time in reading new books there is a wonderful friendliness about the faded and familiar pages of an old book. The reader opens it at random and sees a marked passage that brings the past to life again. He knows without turning what he will find on the next page, and yet there is a distinct pleasure in looking to see that nothing has been changed. Added to all these pleasures, there is the more prosaic consideration that “dead authors are amazingly cheap”.The desire to follow familiar paths is, of course, a feeling that becomes intensified as one grows older. In the days of youth, on the contrary, tradition is all to make. The adventurous spirit is strong, and novelty has an irresistible appeal by no means pleasant to the elders. Dr. Arnold was greatly disturbed by the popularity of The Pickwick Papers with the boys, and not so long ago a conscientious headmistress expressed herself as grieved to find her pupils taking with avidity to the stories of W. W. Jacobs. But youth will be served, and all the fulminations of elder folk avail but little. Pickwick has now achieved the position of a classic appointed to be read in schools, and the stories of Mr. Jacobs will soon be regarded as wholly acceptable reading for the class-room.（3）A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in the moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some wayhigher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined？Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another. That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret.Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points)（1）一般情况下，我喜欢孤独。

2016年南京航空航天大学842翻译与写作(英语)考研真题

南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 A卷科目代码:842满分:150 分科目名称:翻译与写作（英语）注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points)（1）The quantum hypothesis explained the observed rate of emission of radiation from hot bodies very well, but its implications for determinism were not realized until 1926, when another German scientist, Werner Heisenberg, formulated his famous uncertainty principle. In order to predict the future position and velocity of a particle, one has to be able to measure its present position and velocity accurately. The obvious way to do this is to shine light on the particle. Some of the waves of light will be scattered by the particle and this will indicate its position. However, one will not be able to determine the position of the particle more accurately than the distance between the wave crests of light, so one needs to use light of a short wavelength in order to measure the position of the particle precisely. Now, by Planck’s quantum hypothesis, one cannot use an arbitrarily small amount of light; one has to use at least one quantum. This quantum will disturb the particle and change its velocity in a way that cannot be predicted. Moreover, the more accurately one measures the position, the shorter the wavelength of the light that one needs and hence the higher the energy of a single quantum. So the velocity of the particle will be disturbed by a larger amount. In other words, the more accurately you try to measure the position of the particle, the less accurately you can measure its speed, and vice versa.（2）The beauty of our country is hard to define as it is easy to enjoy. Remembering other and large countries we see at once that one of its charms is that it is immensely varied within a small compass. We have here no vast mountain ranges, no illimitable plains. But we have superb variety. A great deal of everything is packed into little space. I suspect that we are always faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, with the sea always round corner. We know that everything has to be neatly packed into a small place. Nature, we feel, has carefully adjusted things——mountains, plains, rivers, lakes——to the scale of the island itself. A mountain 12,000 feet high would be a horrible monster here, as wrong as a plain 400 miles long, a river as broad as the Mississippi. Though the geographical features of this island are comparatively small, and there is astonishing variety almost everywhere, that does not mean that our mountains are not mountains, our plains not plains.（3）About dusk the snow will stop, and by full dark a high, white moon will come sailing in like a galleon, and an icy, diamond powdering of stars will follow. In the blue-and-silver night there are no blurred edges. This is the time of clarity, of cutting beauty. Out in the night there will be no sound except of branches clicking together and a vast, far skein of wind flung down from the sky.I know if I sit here long enough by the window, I will see the red conflagration of dawn, and in the new day there will be the wonderful gifts that only brilliant winter day after a storm brings: the shattering scarlet of redbirds at the back-yard feeder. It will be a day to sweep the path to the bird feeders and put out seed and withered apples like old ladies’ cheeks for the impatient animals.Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points)（1）当由一个人物，一桩事迹，一幅画面而发生的真情实感，想你袭来的时候，它就像一根扎到你心尖上的长针，一阵卷到你面前的怒潮，你只能用最真切、最简练的文字，才能描画出你心尖上的那一阵剧痛和你面前的那一霎惊惶。

南航研究生英语翻译

English for Graduate StudiesTranslation Exercises and Sample AnswersUnit1E-C(p.12)No doubt everyone has to apologise for his life,sooner or later.When we appear at the Last Judgment and the Recording Angel reads out a list of our sins,we will presumably be given an opportunity to apologise,in the old sense of rebuttal,and in the new sense too,by way of confession and plea of repentance.In this life,it is well to apologise(inthe new sense),but promptly,voluntarily,fully and sincerely.If the error is a matter of opinion and un-punishable,so much the better—an apology then becomes a gracious and creditable occasion,and an example to all.An enforced apology is a miserable affair. Besides,there is something distinguished about a ready apology.It is the mark of a gentleman,more particularly if it is not necessary.It is the opposite of revenge.Bacon wrote,‘In seeking revenge,a man is but equal with his enemy,but in forgiving him,he is superior,for it is a princes part to pardon.’So,the person who apologises freely has the moral ball in his court.毋庸置疑，任何人都要为自己的一生辩护，不管是今生还是来世。

翻译硕士英语2017年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 A卷科目代码:211满分:100 分科目名称:翻译硕士英语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Only after he handed in his paper _____ he had made a few spelling mistakes.A. he realizedB. has he realizedC. did he realizeD. would he realize2. ____ is most touching in O Henry’s stories is the bravery with which ordinary people struggle to maintaintheir dignity.A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. One3.______ we have everything ready, we should begin right now.A. Since thatB. Since nowC. By nowD. Now that4. “John told me that he was late for school this morning.” “Oh, he rarely used to be late, ______?”A. wasn’t heB. was heC. didn’t heD. did he5. “Mrs. White is quite unfriendly.” “I think she’s ____ than unfriendly.”A. shyerB. shyC. more shy ratherD. more shy6. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to ______ in the courtyard.A. combineB. uniteC. mobilizeD. assemble7. Such a change would not _____ to the present wishes of the great majority of people.A. comfortB. complyC. conformD. confirm8. Your dislike for women drivers has no logical foundation: it is due only to ______..A. preferenceB. prejudiceC. psychologyD. propaganda9. The doctor carefully examined the driver who suffered ______ all over his body in a car accident.A. scarsB. scratchesC. bruisesD. wrenches10. Police officer assures us ______ will be taken to guard against the recurrence of such incidents.A. preventionB. preparationC. predictionD. precaution11. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, _____ he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.A. asB. ifC. wheneverD. whereas12. One of the most beautiful natural wonders in the United States is the Grand Canyon, ______ located innorthwestern Arizona.A. beingB. whereC. which isD. and13. His acceptance speech was _______, eliciting thunderous applause at several points.A. tediousB. cowardlyC. well-receivedD. loud14. During the war, the shipping lanes proved _____ to attack.A．vulnerable B．dangerous C．futile D．difficult15. After speaking for two hours, the lecturer found he could scarcely talk, so he had become______.A．hoarse B．inarticulate C．speechless D．tongue-tied16. We decided to ______ the program.A. carry awayB. adhere toC. give inD. get at17. He is very cute and always _____ giving offence.A. cautious ofB. aware ofC. certain aboutD. good at18. Diamonds that are _____ or are too small for jewelry are used to cut very hard metals.A. flawedB. perfectC. luminousD. crude19. Leaves are not distributed _____ on a plant stem, but are arranged in a very precise way that assures them the maximum light.A. dangerouslyB. randomlyC. denselyD. linearly20. Accountants record all information ______ the economic aspects of an organization’s activities.A. submitted toB. limitingC. pertinent toD. taxingII. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The standardized educational or psychological tests, which are widely used to aid in selecting, assigning or promoting students, employees and military personnel, have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for, in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified condition. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context: they provide a quick, objective method of getting some kind of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the empirical evidence concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.In general, the tests work most effectively when the traits or qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined ( for example, ability to do well in a particular course of training program ) and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined, for example, personality or creativity. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized.1. In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with _________.A. the necessity of standardized testsB. the validity of standardized testsC. the method used to interpret standardized tests’ results.D. the theoretical grounds of standardized tests.2. The author’s attitude toward standardized tests is _______.A. criticalB. vagueC. optimisticD. positive3. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Standardized tests should no longer be used.B. Standardized tests’ results accurately reflect testees’ abilities.C. The value of standardized tests lies in their proper interpretationD. Special methods must be applied to evaluate standardized tests.4. According to the passage, an informed prediction _______.A. can surely be validated by later performanceB. is based on abundant and the most reliable informationC. always tends to be wrong like other predictions tooD. don’t need any interpretation5. According to the passage, standardized tests work most effectively when ____________.A. the objectives to be measured are most precisely defined.B. the user knows how to interpret the results in advance.C. the persons who take the test are intelligent or skillful.D. they measure the traits or qualities of the testsPassage 2A quality education is the basic liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries，allowing them to jump forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible. For this reason，the international community has devoted itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015，a commitment known as Education for All.Can education for All be achieved by 2015? The answer is undoubtedly “yes”，although it is a difficult task．If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum five years of primary school，instead of just enrolling（注册）for classes，which used to be the measuring stick for education，the challenge will become even more difficult．Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates．The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the standard. Still，the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community．59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems．They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support．The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress．But this is attainable with creative solutions，including the use of information technologies，flexible and targeted foreign aid，and fewer people living in poverty．A new plan for achieving global education targets is to be put to development and finance ministers at ameeting of the World Bank’s Development Committee.A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies，institutions and management．Where a country scores well on these standards，foreign assistance can be highly effective．The new action plan calls on governments to show their commitment by transforming their education systems. Meanwhile, external partners would provide financial and technical support in a transparent manner.6．In the first paragraph，the author says a quality education has the function of_________．A. helping countries free from foreign rulesB. letting people get rid of any exploitationC. giving people more freedomD. speeding up the progress of society7．According to the international community, the goal of Education for All is to ____.A. get all children to achieve education on the base of enrollment ratesB. make all the children in the world go to primary school by 2015C. let poor children have the same chances as rich ones to go to schoolD. support those countries determined to transform their education systems8. In the past, the enrollment of students for classed played a part of ______.A. ensuring children to complete five years’ education successfullyB. measuring the standard of educationC. measuring teachers’ teaching levelsD. attempting to make all the children in poor countries well educated9. According to the passage, which of the following belongs to the right policy of achieving Education for All?A. Setting up more primary schools.B. Speeding up the development of economy first.C. Using information technologies.D. Increasing the internal financing.10. We can know from the last paragraph that the high efficiency of foreign aid ______.A. depends on a country’s high standards of policies, institutions and managementB. is mainly achieved in those observing high-performing educational systemsC. is the most essential for helping the poor get rid of povertyD. is the most important policy for achieving Education for AllPassage 3.We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown thatanimals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin（糖精）by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader re-exposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.11. Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off theelectricity____.A. was strengthenedB. was not affectedC. was alteredD. was weakened12. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to______ .A. try to control unpleasant stimuliB. turn off the electricityC. behave passively in controllable situationsD. become abnormally suspicious13. The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that ______.A. they disliked its tasteB. it affected their immune systemsC. it led to stomach painsD. they associated it with stomachaches14. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader’s experiment wasthat_____ .A. they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharinB. the sweetener was poisonous to themC. their immune systems had been altered by the mindD. they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning15. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals_______.A. can be weakened by conditioningB. can be suppressed by drug injectionsC. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharinD. can be altered by electric shocksPassage 4As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give rise to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier.When the eye is fixed on a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over a very brief time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously. As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect becomes more persistent in the sense that it takes the eye longer to regain its sensitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an "afterimage" superimposed on the second. The effect not only is present over the actual area causing the "local adaptation" but also spreads with decreasing strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce "lateral adaptation." Also, because of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole eye.16. This selection is concerned primarily with ____.A. the adaptation of the eye to colorB. the color of colorsC. the properties of colored surfacesD. the effect of changes in color intensity17. Whether a colored object would, on two viewings separated in time, appear to the viewer as similar or different would depend mostly on ____.A. the color mechanism of the eye in use at the time of each viewingB. what kind of viewing had immediately preceded each of the viewingsC. the properties of the surfaces viewedD. the individual's power of lateral adaptation18. If a person's eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then shifts to an object not well lit --- such as a lawn or shrub in shadow --- we can expect ____.A. a time lag in the focusing ability of the eyeB. some inability to see colors of the latter---named objects until loss of sensitivity has been regainedC. the immediate loss of the "afterimage" of the first objectD. the adaptation in the central area of the eye but little adaptation in the lateral areas to the new intensitylevel19. The present selection has apparently been preceded by some explanation of ____.A. some experiments with color pigmentsB. the nature of colorC. the color properties of various surfacesD. the mechanism of the eye's adaptation to color20. This selection tells us all the following EXCEPT that ____.A. color depends on what other colors are seenB. the adjustment of the eye to the color it sees affects the next color it seesC. since properties of surfaces that give rise to color do not change, the surfaces of objects always look justthe same in artificial light as in daylightD. the adjustment of the eye is affected by three variables: size of areas, intensity of color and length of timeIII. Translation A (20 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese. Please write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1.Despite these distinctions, the similarities between manufacturing and service organizations are compelling.Every organization has processes that must be designed and managed effectively. Some type of technology, be it manual or computerized, must be used in each process. Every organization is concerned about quality, productivity, and the timely response to customers. A service organization, like a manufacturer, must make choices about the capacity, location, and layout of its facilities. Every organization deals with suppliers of outside services and materials, as well as scheduling problems. Matching staffing levels and capacities with forecasted demands is a universal problem. Finally, the distinctions between manufacturing and service organizations can get cloudy.2.Anger is good for you, as long as you keep it below a boil, according to a new psychology research basedon face reading. People who respond to stressful situations with short-term anger or indignation have a sense of control and optimism that lacks in those who respond with fear. Therefore, in maddening situations in which anger or indignation are justified, anger is not a bad idea, and the thinking goes.IV. Translation B (15 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into English. Please write your version in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.1.二战后，日本开始重建时，政府选定汽车、钢材、化学品、造船及机械制造作为支持产业。

2016年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题及标准答案

2016年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉2.domestic airport_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(国内机场)3.international airline_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(国际航线)4.space craft_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(宇宙飞船)5.radio navigation_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(无线电导航)6.electronic age_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(电子时代)7.tour arrangement_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(旅游安排)8.VIP room_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(贵宾室)9.boarding gate_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(登机门)10.public relationship_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(公共关系)11.aircraft carrier_________________________________________________________________________________正确答案(航空母舰)12.wireless network_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(无线网络)13.air crew_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案(空勤人员；机组人员)14.the Belt and Road_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(一带一路)15.heating system_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(供暖系统)16.anti-ice_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案(防结冰)17.汉译英_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________18.黑匣子_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(black box)19.外层空间_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(outer space)20.免税店_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(duty-free shop)21.旅行支票_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(traveler's cheque)22.单程_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(one-way)23.国际电话_________________________________________________________________________________正确答案(international call)24.更改航班_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(rescheduling a flight)25.参数_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(parameter)26.救生筏_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(life raft)27.乘务员_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(steward)28.经济舱_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(economy class／coach class)29.红眼航班_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(red-eye flight)30.当地时间_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(local time)31.危险品_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(hazardous article)32.座位号_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(seat number)二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉34.The word "highway" is a misleading name of this phenomenon. This "highway" is morea social and commercial environment than a static network. The "highway" is composed of a network, and computing resources, but more importantly, the "highway" defines a new environment for people, and organizations to interact and communicate with each other. It is for these reasons that the building of such a "highway" must be done as a cooperative task force, rather than the more traditional service provider/ user model that has been。

2017年南京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2017年南京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Only after he handed in his paper _____ he had made a few spelling mistakes.A. he realizedB. has he realizedC. did he realizeD. would he realize【答案】C【解析】句意：他交上卷子之后才意识到自己犯了几个语法错误。

only位于句首表示状语时，句子需要部分倒装。

2. _____ is most touching in O Henry’s stories is the bravery with which ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity.A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. One【答案】B【解析】句意：欧·亨利的小说中最感人的是普通人努力维护尊严的勇气。

句中第二个is是谓语，所选词引导主语从句，又在主语从句中做主语，因此what符合题意。

3. _____ we have everything ready, we should begin right now.A. Since thatB. Since nowC. By nowD. Now that【答案】D【解析】句意：既然我们都准备好了，我们应该立刻开始行动。

2015年南京航空航天大学研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题及答案

2015年南京航空航天大学研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉2.semi-finished product_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(半成品)3.online education_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(网络教育)4.bilateral relations_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(双边关系)5.economic recession_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(经济衰退)6.accident rate_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(事故发生率)7.emergency landing_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(紧急降落)8.space shuttle_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(航天飞机)munication satellite_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(通信卫星)10.NASA_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(美国国家航空航天局(National Aero nautics and Space Administration))11.microprocessor_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(微处理器)rmation highway_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(信息高速公路)13.food security_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(粮食安全)14.face shield_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(面罩)15.awarding ceremony_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(颁奖仪式)16.cultural heritage_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(文化遗产)17.汉译英_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 18.空气质量指数_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(Air Quality Index(AQI))19.网民_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(netizen)20.国际空间站_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案：(International Space Station)21.电子客票_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(electronic ticket)22.机场巴十_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(airport bus)23.互联网_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(Internet)24.登机牌_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(boarding pass)25.安全检查_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(security check)26.紧急出口_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(emergency exit)27.护照。

2017年南京航空航天大学620研究生入学考试真题

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:620满分:150 分科目名称:基础英语注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary (20 points)A.Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to writedown your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. reminiscea) indulge in enjoyable recollection b) remind someone of past eventsc) talk about something again d) feel repentant over something2. tackya) very pretty b) lacking in tastec) carefully prepared d) costing a lot of money3. verbositya) nonsense b) obscurityc) gibberish d) wordiness4. acmea) height b) significancec) development d) result5. exhilaratea) cause (someone) to feel surprised and upset b) make (someone) feel very happy and animatedc) make (someone) feel bitter or resentful d) give support or confidence to (someone)6. restivea) extremely graceful b) having a restc) resisting control d) peaceful and quiet7. discrepancya) unlikeliness b) congruityc) incredibility d) difference8. unequivocala) unambiguous b) unbelievablec) indignant d) indiscreet9. preposterousa) macabre b) unfortunatec) dangerous d) outrageous10. sojourna) a pleasant trip b) a nostalgic recollectionc) a temporary stay d) a sad experienceB. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points)1.What all this tells us is of a deep class rift in the culture of England after the Norman Conquest.2.To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, we renew our pledge of support: to preventit from becoming merely a forum for invective.3.Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, andtrauma.4.These young men had outgrown town and families and had developed a sudden bewilderingworld-weariness.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated majority.6.The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his penwould prove mightier than his pickax.7.Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity.8.Scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the springsnowmelt now comes earlier every year.9.These coasts remind me of people; either they are forbidding and unapproachable, or else they present nomystery and show all they have to give at a glance.10.His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles.II. Cloze (20 points)A.Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the requiredword on the answer sheet. (10 points)NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson is on the 1 of becoming the oldest woman to travel in space.Whitson will be 56 2 she rockets off the planet Thursday. She’ll celebrate her 57th 3 in February on the International Space Station.That’s a 4 cry from John Glenn’s space shuttle flight at 5 77, and it’s a 6 years shy of the male runners-up over the years. But it’s enough to 7 Barbara Morgan’s record as the world’s oldest spacewoman. Morgan was selected for NASA’s teacher-in-space program in 1985 8 didn’t get a chance to fly until 2007, when she was 55.This will be the third space station mission for Whitson, a biochemist, and her second stint 9 commander. She’ll launch from Kazakhstan, in Central Asia, 10 two younger men, one Russian and the 11 French.“I love wo rking at NASA, but the part that has been the 12 satisfying on a day-to-day 13 hasbeen working onboard the space station,” Whitson 14 reporters over the summer.“It doesn’t 15 if I’m cleaning the filters. I feel like I’m helping personally push 16 exploration . . . that’s 17 I want to go again.”Whitson already has 18 377 days in space and has performed multiple spacewalks. Her upcoming six-month mission should push her 19 534 days in space, the U.S. record 20 in September by 58-year-old astronaut Jeffrey WilliamsB. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points)without open initial four-wheel offer access hot evacuee devastate feel although chance seaside slow spokesman loadput helicopter emergency toA road has been cleared to the 1 town of Kaikoura on New Zealand’s east coast four days after it was cut off by a magnitude 7.8 quake that 2 the North Canterbury region of the South Island.The inland road to Kaikoura was 3 on Thursday morning, but only for trucks and 4 drive vehicles as it remained unstable and badly damaged.A convoy of 27 army vehicles 5 with relief supplies was immediately sent to the town.Gale-force winds and heavy downpours in quake-stricken areas continued to 6 the pace of relief efforts, 7 the majority of the 1,200 tourists stranded in Kaikoura had been evacuated by sea and air.Nearly 500 8 came into Christchurch early on Wednesday morning on the HMNZS Canterbury and were 9 up in empty student dormitories, where they were 10 cooked breakfasts and 11 showers after arriving at 5am.Police in Marlborough were using a military Iroquois 12 to begin checking on isolated high-country farms from the Clarence river 13 the upper Awatere valley, delivering 14 food and medical supplies to farmers who had gone 15 assistance since the quake early on Monday.Police 16 Dan Mattison said many people on isolated properties still had no phone or internet 17 and the next few days would be the first 18 for police to check on them.Aftershocks continued to be 19 , but less often. GeoNet said on Wednesday it had recorded more than 2,600 tremors since the 20 quake.III. Error correction (20 points)Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Example: “Wordsworth is said to have ∨most fascinating voice!” theAs the rise of Hitler in Germany, Churchill became a vocal critic 1. __________of his own government’s policy of appeasement. He had urged 2. __________re-armament, particularly the build up of the Royal Air Force in the 3. __________face of the threat of the growing German Luftwaffe. When appeasementfailed and Britain went to war, Churchill saw as the only man who could 4. __________stand up to the Nazi menace.It has frequently been remarked as his judgment was sometimes 5. __________erratic, but the power of his oratory rallied the British people at a time that 6. __________they seemed doom to lose. Then, when the United States entered 7. __________the World War II in December 1941, he addressed Congress, emphasizing 8. __________the need for Anglo-American solidarity and cited his own trans-Atlantic 9. __________ inheritance: his mother was the New York heiress Jenny Jerome. For him the 10. _________vital component was not the sharing blood, but the shared language. During 11. _________the war, the British Cabinet set up a committee to develop a simple form 12. _________of English that the whole world could embrace.Although Churchill fell from power in 1945, his commanding of rhetoric 13. _________was far from over. He coined the term “Iron Curtain”, marked the advent of 14. _________the Cold War. Returning to popular favour, he was Prime Minister oncemore from 1951-1955.Determined that history would judge him favourable, he wrote The 15. _________Second World War in six volumes between 1948 to 1953. It won him 16._________Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. 17. _________ By his death in 1965, he proved his mastery of both the written and 18. _________spoken forms of language – not just in the heavyweight arena of war 19. _________and politics. His unique wit and acerbic asides made him out of the most 20. _________acute observers of the twentieth century.IV. Paraphrase (30 points)Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1.Nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments, the very sight of which would send shivers down thespine of any healthy visitor.2.No one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S.history.3.She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that “no”is a word the world neverlearned to say to her.4.They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have everfaced.5.If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.6.Every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.7.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth tolead the land we love.8.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.9.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends.10.Heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.V. General Knowledge (20 points)A. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1. “If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different.” This statement is cited to represent _________.A. The arbitrariness of languageB. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisC. The origin of languageD. Innate Hypothesis2. “Nasty weather, isn’t it?” What function does this sentence fulfill?A. Informative function.B. Interrogative function.C. Performative function.D. Phatic function.3. Which of the following is NOT a step in the procedure of error analysis?A. Recognition.B. Comparison.C. Description.D. Explanation.4. Which of the following tests seeks to predict the learner’s probable strengths and weaknesses in learning a second language?A. Achievement test.B. Proficiency test.C. Aptitude test.D. Diagnostic test.5. The classification of varieties of language into Dialects and Registers is based on ____.A. The user and use of the languageB. The function of the languageC. The goal of the languageD. The structure of language6. Who is regarded as “Father of the English Novel” ?A. Daniel DefoeB. Samuel RichardsonC. Jonathan SwiftD. Henry Fielding7. Which of the following writers is NOT a Nobel Prize winner for literature?A. William FaulknerB. Doris LessingC. V. S. NaipaulD. J. M. Coetzee8. _________ ’ writing has established her as one of the greatest contemporary writers of fiction in Canada, and she has received many important prizes, including the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature for her work as “master of the contemporary short story” and three-time winner of Canada’s Governor General’s Award for Fiction.A. Margaret AtwoodB. Marian EngelC. Alice MunroD. Doris Lessing9. Which of the following statements about literary genre is NOT true?A. Folktale, strictly defined, is a short narrative in prose of unknown authorship which has been transmitted orally.B. An epic is an extended narrative poem or a novel, which celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes.C. A picaresque novel generally refers to a basically realistic work of fiction focusing on a lower-class rogue-hero, who experiences a series of loose, episodic adventures.D. Gothic Novel is now generally applied to literature dealing with the strange, mysterious, and supernatural designed to invoke suspense and terror in the readers.10. Which one of the following sentences is NOT from Walden?A. Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself.B. I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essentials facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach.C. If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generation the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown!D. Morning is when I am awake and there is a dawn in me. Moral reform is the effort to throw off sleep.B. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. predicate2. complementary distribution3. suprasegmental phonology4. broadening5. textual function6. sonnet7. Lake Poets8. ecological consciousness9. patriarchy10. Lost GenerationVI. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage AFor many years, parts of America’s space industry have complained that the rules governing the export of technology are too strict. Understandably, the government does not want militarily useful stuff to fall into the hands of its foes. But the result is a system that is too stric t in its definition of “militarily useful” and which favours lumbering dinosaurs such as Lockheed Martin and Boeing, which survive on fat government contracts, rather than nimble but small “furry mammals” that need every customer they can get, domestic or foreign.In December 2007 one of those mammals, a company called Bigelow Aerospace, filed the first legal challenge to America’s rules for exporting space technology. It disputed the government’s claim that foreign passengers travelling on a spaceship or space station were involved in a transfer of technology. The outcome suggests that there may be a chink in the armour of the export-controls regime.Improbable as it sounds, Bigelow Aerospace makes and launches inflatable space-station modules and hopes, one day, to build a commercial space station. Under the existing rules, any non-American passengers on its space stations would have to comply with onerous export controls. These take months to satisfy and could plausibly even culminate in government monitors being present while the foreigner was near American space technology. Even training on the ground in a mock-up module was deemed a transfer of technology and therefore required export controls.Yet, taking a passenger flight does not mean you can build an aeroplane, observes Mike Gold, head of Bigelow’s office in Washington, DC. His line of argument, it seems, has been accepted. Mr Gold says that the company received the ruling in February and that it has spent the past two months digesting it. He says that Bigelow has got “everything we could want”, though the ruling still precludes passengers from what he describes as the “bad-boy list of export control”—nationals from Sudan, Iran, North Korea and China will not be allowed to fly or train on suborbital p assenger flights, or visit Bigelow’s space station.Other private space companies have welcomed the ruling. Marc Holzapfel, legal counsel for Virgin Galactic, describes it as a “major development” because it frees the industry from having to go through the “complicated, expensive and dilatory export-approval process”. Tim Hughes, chief counsel of SpaceX, says the approval is exciting, because it seems to represent a “common-sense approach” and bodes well for similar requests made by companies such as his own to carry foreign astronauts hoping to work on missions to the International Space Station.The result also means something to the entire export-control regime, known as the International Traffic inArms Regulations (ITAR). Robert Dickman, executive director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, says the decision appears to convey a new willingness to “move away from the very restrictive approach that has been in place for almost a decade”. His organisation is hosting a forum later thi s month involving the private spaceflight industry and senior government officials to discuss the regulations.During the American presidential campaign, Barack Obama said that, if elected, he would review ITAR, focusing on space hardware. George Nield, associate administrator for commercial space transportation within the Federal Aviation Authority, says although he has not seen the new ruling, it was good news that the government “may now be willing to revise some of its export-control restrictions to enable American firms to be more competitive in their efforts to sell aerospace products and services globally”.1. What does “furry mammals” in the first paragraph probably refer to?A. giants in space industryB. small and Medium Enterprises in space industryC. a representative cross-section of the furry fandomD. smaller-sized, warm-blooded animals with hair2. The word “onerous” in the third paragraph of the passage is closest in meaning to___.A. complicatedB. irreplaceableC. inevitableD. stackable3. According to the passage, what seems the most possible reason for export controls?A. ideological tacticB. safety of the countryC. protection of technologyD. economic benefits4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Bigelow has fulfilled its objective.B. Other private space companies have welcomed the ruling because it simplified the export-approvalprocess.C. The new decision means something to the private spaceflight industry.D. George Nield stands in the middle when talking about the ruling.5. What is the best title for this passage?A. Freedom to fly.B. America’s space industry.C. Export-controls of space technology.D. Furry mammals need to survive.Passage BYou may have heard the legend of the pilot who bid passengers farewell after landing with these words: “The safest part of your trip is now over.” That isn’t just one pilot’s boast, it’s a truth most air travelers take for granted. Safety is an accumulation of knowledge about risk converted into practice, and no other mode of transportation has been as expansive as flying in incorporating what we know about the fallibility of humans and machines. As a result, the act of hurtling through the air at 500 mph six miles above the ground is less likely to result in your demise than almost any other type of travel. From the plane seats to the cabin air to the course and altitude of the flight, every decision in commercial aviation comes after careful consideration of its impact on safety.Airplane design is important to its saf ety. In the past 50 years, the world’s commercial airliners have racked up nearly one billion flight hours, providing an industry meticulous about recordkeeping with a steady stream of information that is used to constantly improve the design of airplanes and engines. And all this information gives engineers a truer understanding of the machine’s limits. Besides, manufacturers now know what happens in the real world, which prompts refinements that may make a genuine difference in safety instead of only in design.An equal amount of attention is also paid to the area where you sit. Capacious or cramped, first-class or economy, all airplane seats meet tough standards for durability and head-impact protection. The modern airliner seat can withstand 16 times the force of gravity. And seat protection doesn’t stop there. The fabrics and cushions are fire retardant and self-extinguishing, and they will not emit toxic smoke. Even the items you find in the seat back are tested to make sure they can’t become lethal. Th e insulation in the cabin walls is fire retardant, and, in the case of a fire, emergency lighting is close to the floor. This makes it easier to locate the exits in a smoke-filled cabin.Technology is no substitute for experience, skill and judgment. Airlines know the importance of good pilots and good training, which is why so much effort goes into selection and schooling. And what they need most is a personality that ensures good communication skills, that ensures leadership potential, the ability to work as part of a team and low risk-taking. For example, U.S. carriers expect pilots to have accrued hundreds of hours on their own nickel before applying to become commercial pilots.The pilots and the airplanes may be the stars of the show in commercial aviation, but behind the scenes, a new, almost Star Wars-like air traffic system is being built where airplanes guided by GPS will fly self-programmed routes, communicating with each other and with the ground. This is very different from the days when maps, blackboards and pencil and paper calculations were used to direct airplanes. Many planes today can operate in a geographic window so exact that their horizontal position remains within a wingspan, with vertical deviation less than the height of the tail. The linking of onboard and on-the-ground systems creates highways in the sky where nobody veers out of their lanes. Today, with more improvement on airplanes, your airplane ride may be the safety of your day.6. According to the passage, what does the author mean by saying “The safest part of your trip is now over”?A. It is just one pilot’s boast.B. It is often said by a pilot to bid farewell to passengers after landing.C. Airplane ride is taken as a safer transportation by most air travelers.D. Most air travelers take it for granted that airplane ride is the safest transportation.7. In terms of the factors that guarantee the safety of the plane, which one is NOT mentioned ____.A. airplane designB. pilots with good experience, skill and judgmentC. the airliner seats with protection effectD. improvements on airport property8. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Airplanes are more expansive than other mode of transportation in incorporating the fallibility ofhumans and machines.B. More flight hours can help engineers improve the design of airplanes and engines.C. Only some airplane seats meet tough standards for durability and head-impact protection.D. A amount of attention should be paid to selecting a certain kind of pilot for airliners.9. The last sentence in Paragraph 4 implies that ___.A. To apply to become commercial pilots, pilots have spent much in accumulating much experience andobtain some abilities at their own expense.B. To apply to become commercial pilots, pilots have to spend much money in obtaining some mostfundamental flight and landing skills.C. Commercial pilots seem to be the most demanding ones among all different kinds of pilots.D. Even hundreds of hours on his own nickel are insufficient for a pilot to be a qualified commercial pilot.10. What is the best title for this passage?A. Why Are Airplanes Safe?B. What Are Needed to be a Good Pilot?C. Factors to be a Safe Traveler.D. Road to Become a Pilot.Passage CThe subatomic particle is better known to scientists as the Higgs boson. And after decades of searches, it seems likely the elusive particle has been successfully detected inside an underground tunnel experiment run by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) outside Geneva. Results “consistent” with the hard-to-detect particle, in the words of CERN chief Rolf Heuer as he announced the discovery July 4, may be the opening act in explaining the structure of the sky over our heads.A source of heartburn t o serious science types now, the “God particle” nickname for the Higgs boson comes from the title of a 1993 book by Nobel-prize winner Leon Lederman, who was trying to play up the elusive nature of the particle.For a glimpse of one implication of this latest big news in science, climb aboard a time machine, saysphysicist Jonathan Feng of the University of California-Irvine, and visit the birth of the universe 13.7 billion years ago.“Simply take the universe backwards, to an early time when the cosm os was a hot mass, brand new, filled with particles that each weighed perhaps 500 times as much as a proton,” says Feng (protons are positively charged subatomic particles inside atoms). “Now play the film forward. Just let it go until it expands to fill w ith today’s stars and galaxies, and what you find is that it contains amounts of that particle that are just right to be ‘dark matter’ filling the universe.”Terrific, you might say, but what’s so wonderful about dark matter?Dark matter is basically a b unch of stuff, likely exotic physics particles, that we can’t really see (hence its name) but we know is out there. Astronomers realized a few decades ago that galaxies should be spinning faster than they are if the stars within them were the only things providing the gravity that holds them together. So, their theories go, there must be something - dark matter - slowing them down.It turns out that stars are just the shiny hubcaps on each galaxy, outweighed by a factor of nearly 6-to-1 by all the dark matter out there. Dark matter even pulls itself together through gravity. For example, the journal Nature last week reported that a dark matter cloud gravitationally connects two clusters of galaxies, called Abell 222 and Abell 223. This cloudy filament stretches over 11 million light years between the clusters and weighs 98 trillion times as much as our sun.That’s a lot of dark matter. So is the Higgs boson this elusive dark matter particle (or particles) then?Nope. But it may be a key to dark matter, physicists say.The Higgs boson is the physics particle that gives other particles their mass. Essentially it interacts with them to increase their resistance to being moved faster, which we can measure as mass.Because the Higgs boson’s basic job is to interact with other physics particles to give them mass, “the Higgs boson can interact with dark matter very easily,” Caltech’s Sean Carroll explained on NPR’s Science Friday show after the recent “God particle” announcement. “Dark matter is one of the most excit ing implications of this discovery,” Carroll said.How? That brings us back to Feng’s rerun of the universe. “Having a particle out there theoretically just a little heavier than the Higgs boson, which interacts with it, is waving a red cape in front of the eyes of physicists,” Feng says. “There is a lot more data coming from CERN ahead that may reveal the dark matter particle.”Dark matter particles that theoretically could be detected at CERN’s underground Large Hadron Collider are envisioned by a theory called “focus point supersymmetry.” Supersymmetry theories predict that the already-discovered particles that comprise everyday matter have much-heavier “super” counterparts awaiting detection (for example, the already detected “quarks” inside protons woul d have an undetected super-partner called “squarks”). Focus point supersymmetry predicts both a Higgs boson with a weight similar to the one reported on July 4, about 130 times as heavy as a proton, and dark matter particles.“In fact, the simplest focus p oint models predict that dark matter particles should be seen not long from now in the underground detectors that are searching for them,” if the CERN lab indeed found a Higgs boson,。

2017年南京航空航天大学357研究生入学考试真题

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. aerial refueling2. UAV3. debt risks4. community-level democracy5. telecom fraud6. satellite launch center7. pension insurance 8. crewed spaceship9. heavy-lift carrier rocket 10. maximum payload capacity11. overcapacity 12. downpayment13. asteroid 14. hypersonic aircraft15. aerodynamicsPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. 载人空间站2. 首飞3. 资产泡沫4. 增值税5. 探月工程6. 短期贷款7. 知识产权8. 机场跑道9. 旅行社10. 国有资本11. 飞行器设计12. 非政府组织13. 全球定位系统14. 社会主义核心价值体系15. 小康社会Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1In the Western imagination, Ch ina’s history has been inextricably linked to the notion of “empire”. But in fact, more than a millennium of Chinese history passed before anything resembling an empire ever existed. For centuries, seven separate states battled for military supremacy, until in 221 b.c. the Qin dynasty defeated the last of its rivals and unified the country. Military conquest is only part of the imperial story, however. China owes its ability to endure across time, and to re-form itself again and again after periods of disunity, to a fundamental reshaping of Chinese culture by the earliest dynasties, the Qin and the Han.Passage 2The winding course of the stream continually shut out the scene behind us and revealed as calm and lovely a one before. We glided from depth to depth, and breathed new seclusion at every turn. The shy kingfisher flew from the withered branch close at hand to another at distance, uttering a shrill cry of anger or alarm. Ducks that had been floating there since the preceding eve were startled at our approach and skimmed along the glassy river, breaking its dark surface with a bright streak. The pickerel leaped from among the lily pads. The turtle, sunning itself upon a rock or at the root of a tree, slid suddenly into the water with a plunge. The painted Indian who paddled his canoe along the Assabeth three hundred years ago could hardly have seen a wilder gentleness displayed upon its banks and reflected in its bosom than we did. Nor could the same Indian have prepared his noontide meal with more simplicity. We drew up our skiff at some point where the overarching shade formed a natural bower, and there kindled a fire with the pine cones and decayed branches that lay strewn plentifully around.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1中印作为战略合作伙伴，达成了许多战略共识，增强了战略互信。