2013高考英语二轮 阅读理解25分钟限时训练(1)

2013高考英语二轮（阅读理解）25分钟限时训练（1）及答案阅读理解A篇prefaceScience is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses malenouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified i ndividuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way t o earn a living.46.According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ meansA. cultural groups that are formed by scientists.B. people whose knowledge of science is very limited.C. the scientific community.D. people who make good contribution to science.47.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science becauseA. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.B. Science affects almost every aspect of our life.C. Scientists live in a specific subculture.D. It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.48.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers whoA. are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.B. are good at producing various gadgets.C. work in a storehouse of dried facts.D. want to have a superficial understanding of science.49.According to this passage,A. English is a sexist language.B. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.C. women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.D. male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.50.This passage most probably isA. a book review.B. the preface of a book.C. the postscript of a book.D. the concluding part of a book.B篇Meditation in Indonesian BusinessIt looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the n ative mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hir ed.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition.Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic meditation helped rev erse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement i n Indonesia called Kebatinan –the ‘search for the inner self.’One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and s ubconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through m editation,’ he said.51.What is the most important factor in their doing business?A. Mysticism.B. Religion.C. Meditation.D. Investment.52.Whom do they consult?A. The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.B. Wali Ullah.C. Old Kings.D. Carnegie.53.Wh y did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?A. He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.B. To show they too focused on qualifications.C. To show they hired qualified persons.D. To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.54.According to the passage, the function of the meditation isA. to gain profit from the god.B. to gain peace of mind to make decision.C. to gain foreknowledge.D. to gain objective conclusion.55.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?A. Adopting the western way of doing business.B. Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.C. Contact with God.D. Putting right persons in the right jobs.46-55 C B A D BCABBB********************************************************结束A段The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.On 17 July, a piece four kilometres wide enters the Earth's atmosphere (大气层) with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometre high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres anhour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and mil lions of people are drowned.Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of lob Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won't escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by, clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won't be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million people remain alive.Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs (恐龙) were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 mil- lion years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through thecold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end?1. What is mainly described in the passage？A. A historic discoveryB. An event of imaginationC. A research on space.D. A scientific adventure答案: B指导：通读全文可知此答案。