临床医学讲解习题考题骨肿瘤2
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成骨肉瘤Osteosarcoma 皮质旁成骨肉瘤 (Osteogenic sarcoma next to bone cortex)
Histological classification of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions
Cartilaginous tumors (1)Benign
Note: Ewing’s sarcoma is classified as G4
Stage
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)
Stage Grouping
IA
T1 N0
IB
T2 N0
IIA
T1 N0
IIB
T2 N0
III
T3 N0
IVA AnyT N0
原发恶性骨肿瘤
骨肉瘤
44.6%
软骨肉瘤
14.2%
纤维肉瘤
6.6%
骨髓瘤
6%
尤文肉瘤
4.6%
恶性骨巨细胞瘤 4%
脊索瘤
病因
遗传因素:Ewing肉瘤 感染因素: 化学致癌物: 物理致癌: 骨肉瘤
发病年龄
幼儿 软骨母细胞瘤,骨囊肿 少年 骨肉瘤、骨软骨瘤 成人 骨巨细胞瘤 老年 转移性骨肿瘤
部位
1 股骨下端、胫骨上端、肱骨上端(恶性) 2 脊柱、骨盆、股骨(转移性骨肿瘤) 3 膝关节和肘关节以外远骨骼(良性) 如:骨肉瘤
Comprehensive Therapy of Bone Tumor
Oncology Department,Tongji Hospital xiong huihua
Contents
General review Stages and principles of therapy Osteosarcoma Bone metastasis
良WH性O骨肿瘤的分类
成骨性肿瘤
骨瘤 骨样骨瘤和骨母细胞瘤
心型骨肉瘤
中间性
侵袭性骨母细胞瘤
瘤
成软骨性肿瘤
软骨瘤 内生软骨瘤
骨肉瘤 骨膜(近皮质)软骨瘤
骨软骨瘤 孤立性骨软骨瘤 多发性遗传性骨软骨瘤
软骨母细胞瘤 软骨黏液样纤维瘤
骨巨细胞瘤(破骨细胞瘤) 骨髓肿瘤
恶性淋巴瘤
恶性
骨肉瘤 中心型骨肉瘤 普通性中心型骨肉瘤 毛细血管扩张性中
原发良性骨肿瘤
骨软骨瘤 (38.5%)
骨巨细胞瘤 (18.4%)
软骨瘤
(14.6%)
骨样骨瘤 (10 %)
骨母细胞瘤
Primary malignant bone tumor
account for 2% of all malignant tumors Incidence rate in male patients is higher Osteosarcoma is the most popular
Histological classification
of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions
成骨性肿瘤 (Osteogenic tumor) (1)Benign
骨瘤(Stoma ) 骨样骨瘤和骨母细胞瘤(Asteroid Stoma and Osteoblastoma) (2)Malignant
脊索瘤仅在骶骨或脊椎、颅底骨 Ewing肉瘤好发于骨干, 内生软骨瘤多位于手足的短管状骨; 骨的血,管, 瘤多脊椎骨的椎体,
Clinical manifestation
Pain Swelling Motor dysfunction
Pain
Benign tumors generally painless or mild. Pain is an early symptom of malignant tumor, worsen gradually. If pain at rest worsens, malignant lesions should be considered. Night pain is an important feature of bone tumor.
肿胀
根据肿瘤的性质、部位不同, 骨肿瘤的肿胀程度不同。
损伤
损伤可诱发骨肿瘤症状的出现 或加重骨肿瘤症状。
局部检查
1 骨肿瘤边界、质地、活动度和光滑程度
2 疼痛、压痛和肿胀程度 3 表面皮肤发红发热、浅表静脉怒张、动脉
搏动
Systemic symptoms
No systemic symptoms in early stage of disease. Poor appetite, fatigue, progressive weight loss, anemia, fever in late stage of disease.
Stage
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (7th ed., 2010)
Primary Tumor (T) Tx Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor T1 Tumor 8cm or less in greatest dimension T2 Tumor more than 8cm in greatest dimension T3 Discontinuous tumor in the primary bone site Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Nx Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Regional lymph node metastasis
X-ray
Display the tumor location help to distinguish it benign or malignant, primary or metastatic determine treatment options and prognosis.
有些肿瘤产生类骨或肿 瘤骨称为反应骨。
Stage
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)
(7th ed., 2010) Histopathologic Grade (G) Gx Grade cannot be assessed G1 Well differentiated – Low Grade G2 Moderately differentiated- Low Grade G3 Poorly differentiated- High Grade G4 Undifferentiated- High Grade
Stage
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (7th ed., 2010)
Distant Metastasis (M) Mx Distant metastasis cannot be assessed M0 No distant metastasis M1 Distant metastasis M1a Lung M1b Other distant sites
骨肿瘤的诊断必须依靠
临床、X线片、病理三结合
生化检查
血常规 血钙 血磷 碱性磷酸酶 酸性磷酸酶 总蛋白浓度
活组织检查
穿针活检 切开活检
实验室检查
1 HB下降 2 血沉加快 3 碱性磷酸酶增高 4 酸性磷酸酶 5 血清总蛋白增加
血沉和碱性磷酸酶可作为 观察骨肿瘤疗效的动态指标
病理学检查
1 常规组织学切片 2 免疫组织化学
Chondroma Osteochondroma Chondroblastoma Chondromyxoid fibroma (2)Malignant Chondrosarcoma Chondrosarcoma next to bone cortex Mesenchimal Chondrosarcoma
Contents
General review Stages and principles of therapy Osteosarcoma Bone metastasis
定义
骨肿瘤:组成骨骼的各种细胞成分异常而无限 地生长,形成新生物
瘤样病变:骨肿瘤样病变是指影像学上表现与 骨肿瘤非常相似的一些非肿瘤性的病变。 主要有骨纤维异常增殖症,畸形性骨炎, 骨囊肿,动脉瘤样骨囊肿等;
肿瘤样病变的组织不具有肿瘤细胞形态的特点,但其生 态和行为都具有肿瘤的破坏性,一般较局限,易根治。
Incidence
Classifications
Benign: osteoid osteoma(骨样骨瘤),osteochondroma (骨软骨 瘤), osteoblastoma(骨母细胞瘤), giant cell tumor (骨巨细胞瘤) Tumor-like lesions: eosinophilic granuloma(嗜酸性肉芽肿), simple bone cyst (单纯骨囊肿) Malignant: Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcom malignant lymphoma, myeloma,chordoma Bone metastasis
骨内高分化骨肉瘤 圆形细胞骨肉瘤 表面骨肉瘤 骨旁骨肉瘤 骨膜骨肉瘤 高度恶性骨膜骨肉
软骨肉瘤 近皮质(骨膜)软
间叶性软骨肉瘤 去分化软骨肉瘤 透明细胞软骨肉瘤
恶性软骨母细胞瘤
尤文氏瘤 骨髓瘤
良性
脉管肿瘤
血管瘤 淋巴管瘤 血管球瘤
其他结缔组织肿瘤
良性纤维组织细胞瘤
织细胞瘤 脂肪瘤
其他肿瘤
神经鞘瘤 神经纤维瘤 瘤
未分类肿瘤 瘤样病变
孤立性骨囊肿 干骺端纤维样皮质缺损 (非骨化性纤维瘤) 骨化性肌炎 巨细胞(修复性)肉芽肿
间性
血管内皮瘤 血管外皮瘤 韧带样纤维瘤(硬纤维瘤)
动脉瘤样骨囊肿 嗜酸性肉芽肿
甲状旁腺功能亢进性棕色瘤
恶性
血管肉瘤 恶性血管外皮瘤
纤维肉瘤 恶性纤维组 脂肪肉瘤 平滑肌肉瘤 未分化肉瘤
脊索瘤 长骨造釉细胞
IVB AnyT N1
M0 G1,2 Low grade M0 G1,2 Low grade M0 G3,4 High grade M0 G3,4 High grade M0 Any G M1a Any G AnyM Any G
AnyT AnyN M1b Any G
Principles of treatment
Principles of treatment
Histological classification
of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions
Desmoplastic fibroma成纤维性纤维瘤 Lipoma Fibrosarcoma Liposarcoma Malignant mesenchymoma恶性间叶瘤 Undifferentiated sarcoma 其他肿瘤 Chordoma脊索瘤 Adamantinoma of lone bone长管骨“牙釉质瘤” Nearilemnoma神经鞘瘤 Neurofibroma
Histological classification
of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions
Ciant Cell Tumor of bone Ewing‘s sarcoma Reticulosarcoma of bone骨网织细胞肉瘤 Limphosarcoma of bone Myeloma Hemangioma血管瘤 hoangioma淋巴管瘤 Glomangioma血管球瘤 Hemangioendothelioma血管内皮瘤 Hemangiopericytoma血管外皮瘤 Angiosarcoma血管肉瘤
在X线片上表现为高密 度区。
有些骨肿瘤 破骨或使骨 吸收, 在X线片上 表现为低密 度区
骨 膨 胀 性 改 变
葱皮样改变
骨肿瘤刺激骨膜是阶段性,使骨 膜阶段性形成板层状新骨,
在X片上表现为葱皮样改变。
Contents
General review Stages and principles of therapy Osteosarcoma Bone metastasis
Histological classification of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions
Cartilaginous tumors (1)Benign
Note: Ewing’s sarcoma is classified as G4
Stage
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)
Stage Grouping
IA
T1 N0
IB
T2 N0
IIA
T1 N0
IIB
T2 N0
III
T3 N0
IVA AnyT N0
原发恶性骨肿瘤
骨肉瘤
44.6%
软骨肉瘤
14.2%
纤维肉瘤
6.6%
骨髓瘤
6%
尤文肉瘤
4.6%
恶性骨巨细胞瘤 4%
脊索瘤
病因
遗传因素:Ewing肉瘤 感染因素: 化学致癌物: 物理致癌: 骨肉瘤
发病年龄
幼儿 软骨母细胞瘤,骨囊肿 少年 骨肉瘤、骨软骨瘤 成人 骨巨细胞瘤 老年 转移性骨肿瘤
部位
1 股骨下端、胫骨上端、肱骨上端(恶性) 2 脊柱、骨盆、股骨(转移性骨肿瘤) 3 膝关节和肘关节以外远骨骼(良性) 如:骨肉瘤
Comprehensive Therapy of Bone Tumor
Oncology Department,Tongji Hospital xiong huihua
Contents
General review Stages and principles of therapy Osteosarcoma Bone metastasis
良WH性O骨肿瘤的分类
成骨性肿瘤
骨瘤 骨样骨瘤和骨母细胞瘤
心型骨肉瘤
中间性
侵袭性骨母细胞瘤
瘤
成软骨性肿瘤
软骨瘤 内生软骨瘤
骨肉瘤 骨膜(近皮质)软骨瘤
骨软骨瘤 孤立性骨软骨瘤 多发性遗传性骨软骨瘤
软骨母细胞瘤 软骨黏液样纤维瘤
骨巨细胞瘤(破骨细胞瘤) 骨髓肿瘤
恶性淋巴瘤
恶性
骨肉瘤 中心型骨肉瘤 普通性中心型骨肉瘤 毛细血管扩张性中
原发良性骨肿瘤
骨软骨瘤 (38.5%)
骨巨细胞瘤 (18.4%)
软骨瘤
(14.6%)
骨样骨瘤 (10 %)
骨母细胞瘤
Primary malignant bone tumor
account for 2% of all malignant tumors Incidence rate in male patients is higher Osteosarcoma is the most popular
Histological classification
of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions
成骨性肿瘤 (Osteogenic tumor) (1)Benign
骨瘤(Stoma ) 骨样骨瘤和骨母细胞瘤(Asteroid Stoma and Osteoblastoma) (2)Malignant
脊索瘤仅在骶骨或脊椎、颅底骨 Ewing肉瘤好发于骨干, 内生软骨瘤多位于手足的短管状骨; 骨的血,管, 瘤多脊椎骨的椎体,
Clinical manifestation
Pain Swelling Motor dysfunction
Pain
Benign tumors generally painless or mild. Pain is an early symptom of malignant tumor, worsen gradually. If pain at rest worsens, malignant lesions should be considered. Night pain is an important feature of bone tumor.
肿胀
根据肿瘤的性质、部位不同, 骨肿瘤的肿胀程度不同。
损伤
损伤可诱发骨肿瘤症状的出现 或加重骨肿瘤症状。
局部检查
1 骨肿瘤边界、质地、活动度和光滑程度
2 疼痛、压痛和肿胀程度 3 表面皮肤发红发热、浅表静脉怒张、动脉
搏动
Systemic symptoms
No systemic symptoms in early stage of disease. Poor appetite, fatigue, progressive weight loss, anemia, fever in late stage of disease.
Stage
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (7th ed., 2010)
Primary Tumor (T) Tx Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor T1 Tumor 8cm or less in greatest dimension T2 Tumor more than 8cm in greatest dimension T3 Discontinuous tumor in the primary bone site Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Nx Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Regional lymph node metastasis
X-ray
Display the tumor location help to distinguish it benign or malignant, primary or metastatic determine treatment options and prognosis.
有些肿瘤产生类骨或肿 瘤骨称为反应骨。
Stage
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)
(7th ed., 2010) Histopathologic Grade (G) Gx Grade cannot be assessed G1 Well differentiated – Low Grade G2 Moderately differentiated- Low Grade G3 Poorly differentiated- High Grade G4 Undifferentiated- High Grade
Stage
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (7th ed., 2010)
Distant Metastasis (M) Mx Distant metastasis cannot be assessed M0 No distant metastasis M1 Distant metastasis M1a Lung M1b Other distant sites
骨肿瘤的诊断必须依靠
临床、X线片、病理三结合
生化检查
血常规 血钙 血磷 碱性磷酸酶 酸性磷酸酶 总蛋白浓度
活组织检查
穿针活检 切开活检
实验室检查
1 HB下降 2 血沉加快 3 碱性磷酸酶增高 4 酸性磷酸酶 5 血清总蛋白增加
血沉和碱性磷酸酶可作为 观察骨肿瘤疗效的动态指标
病理学检查
1 常规组织学切片 2 免疫组织化学
Chondroma Osteochondroma Chondroblastoma Chondromyxoid fibroma (2)Malignant Chondrosarcoma Chondrosarcoma next to bone cortex Mesenchimal Chondrosarcoma
Contents
General review Stages and principles of therapy Osteosarcoma Bone metastasis
定义
骨肿瘤:组成骨骼的各种细胞成分异常而无限 地生长,形成新生物
瘤样病变:骨肿瘤样病变是指影像学上表现与 骨肿瘤非常相似的一些非肿瘤性的病变。 主要有骨纤维异常增殖症,畸形性骨炎, 骨囊肿,动脉瘤样骨囊肿等;
肿瘤样病变的组织不具有肿瘤细胞形态的特点,但其生 态和行为都具有肿瘤的破坏性,一般较局限,易根治。
Incidence
Classifications
Benign: osteoid osteoma(骨样骨瘤),osteochondroma (骨软骨 瘤), osteoblastoma(骨母细胞瘤), giant cell tumor (骨巨细胞瘤) Tumor-like lesions: eosinophilic granuloma(嗜酸性肉芽肿), simple bone cyst (单纯骨囊肿) Malignant: Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcom malignant lymphoma, myeloma,chordoma Bone metastasis
骨内高分化骨肉瘤 圆形细胞骨肉瘤 表面骨肉瘤 骨旁骨肉瘤 骨膜骨肉瘤 高度恶性骨膜骨肉
软骨肉瘤 近皮质(骨膜)软
间叶性软骨肉瘤 去分化软骨肉瘤 透明细胞软骨肉瘤
恶性软骨母细胞瘤
尤文氏瘤 骨髓瘤
良性
脉管肿瘤
血管瘤 淋巴管瘤 血管球瘤
其他结缔组织肿瘤
良性纤维组织细胞瘤
织细胞瘤 脂肪瘤
其他肿瘤
神经鞘瘤 神经纤维瘤 瘤
未分类肿瘤 瘤样病变
孤立性骨囊肿 干骺端纤维样皮质缺损 (非骨化性纤维瘤) 骨化性肌炎 巨细胞(修复性)肉芽肿
间性
血管内皮瘤 血管外皮瘤 韧带样纤维瘤(硬纤维瘤)
动脉瘤样骨囊肿 嗜酸性肉芽肿
甲状旁腺功能亢进性棕色瘤
恶性
血管肉瘤 恶性血管外皮瘤
纤维肉瘤 恶性纤维组 脂肪肉瘤 平滑肌肉瘤 未分化肉瘤
脊索瘤 长骨造釉细胞
IVB AnyT N1
M0 G1,2 Low grade M0 G1,2 Low grade M0 G3,4 High grade M0 G3,4 High grade M0 Any G M1a Any G AnyM Any G
AnyT AnyN M1b Any G
Principles of treatment
Principles of treatment
Histological classification
of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions
Desmoplastic fibroma成纤维性纤维瘤 Lipoma Fibrosarcoma Liposarcoma Malignant mesenchymoma恶性间叶瘤 Undifferentiated sarcoma 其他肿瘤 Chordoma脊索瘤 Adamantinoma of lone bone长管骨“牙釉质瘤” Nearilemnoma神经鞘瘤 Neurofibroma
Histological classification
of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions
Ciant Cell Tumor of bone Ewing‘s sarcoma Reticulosarcoma of bone骨网织细胞肉瘤 Limphosarcoma of bone Myeloma Hemangioma血管瘤 hoangioma淋巴管瘤 Glomangioma血管球瘤 Hemangioendothelioma血管内皮瘤 Hemangiopericytoma血管外皮瘤 Angiosarcoma血管肉瘤
在X线片上表现为高密 度区。
有些骨肿瘤 破骨或使骨 吸收, 在X线片上 表现为低密 度区
骨 膨 胀 性 改 变
葱皮样改变
骨肿瘤刺激骨膜是阶段性,使骨 膜阶段性形成板层状新骨,
在X片上表现为葱皮样改变。
Contents
General review Stages and principles of therapy Osteosarcoma Bone metastasis