英美法律制度期末复习 In the reign of Henry II

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The Reformation

Reformation Reversed
• Thus at the end of 1538, a proclamation was issued forbidding free discussion of the Sacrament and forbidding clerical marriage, on pain of death. • In 1539 Parliament passed the Six Articles reaffirming Catholic practices such as transubstantiation, clerical celibacy and the importance of confession to a priest and prescribed penalties if anyone denied them.
The Reformation of Henry Ⅷ
• Meanwhile, Henry was married to Anne in January 1533. • The Pope responded to the marriage by excommunicating both Henry and Cranmer from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry was to be excommunicated again in December 1538.
Theological Radicalism
• The impact of Luther's thinking was of a different order. The main plank of his thinking, justification by faith alone rather than by good works, threatened the whole basis of the Catholic penitential system with its endowed masses and prayers for the dead as well as its doctrine of purgatory.

自考“英语国家概况”新考纲题目整理（2）

第三章 Shaping of the Nation（练习题⼀） 1. Under William's rule， the—— were at the bottom of the feudal system.A. baronsB. freemenC. villainsD. lawyers 2. William replaced the Witan， the council of the Anglo-Saxon king， with——A. the Grand CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the House of CorranonsD. Parliament 3. William II was known as William—— because of his red complexion.A. RufusB. the ConquerorC. the ConfessorD. the Unready 4. Henry II was the first king of the ——dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet 5. In Henry II ' s reign， a—— law was gradually established in place of the customs of the manor.A. localB. privateC. civilD. common 6. The Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of—— in 1164 to increase the jurisdiction of the civil courts.A. LabourersB. ClarendonC. OxfordD. Cambridge 7. The Great Charter was signed in and had—— clauses.A.1251， 63B.1251， 73C.1215， 63D.1215， 73 8. In 1265—— summoned the Great Council， which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. HenryB.the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort 9. The Hundred Years' war started in—— and was ended in ， in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of—— ，A .1337 ， 1453， FlandersB .1337 ， 1453， CalaisC.1346， 1453， ArgencourtD.1346， 1453， Brest 10. In 1351， the English government issued a Statute of—— ， which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages .A. OxfordB. ClarendonC. LabourersD. Magna Carta II Fill in the blanks 1. Under William， the—— system in England was completely established. 2. william replaced the—— ， the council of the Anglo-Saxon kings， with the—— of his new tenants-in-chief. 3. The property record in William's time is known as—— ， which was compiled in 4. ——was the first king of the House of Plantagenet. 5. In Henry II ' s day， the country was divided into—— circuits， and the—— system replaced old—— ordeals by fire and water and old trials by battle. 6. ——' s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer' s time after he was murdered. 7. In 1215， the baron's charter， known as—— or—— was approved， which contained—— clauses. 8. In the Hundred Years' war， the French heroine —— led the French to drive the English out of their country. By 1453， was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English. 9. —— was the deadly bubonic plague， which reduced England's population from four million to—— million by the end of the 14th century. 10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of—— farmers. Answers：1.C2.A3.A4.D5.D6.B7.C8.D9.B 10.C II1. feudal2. Witan， Grand Council 3 . Domesday Book， 1086 4. Henry II5. six， jury， English， Norman6. Thomas Becket 7. Mangna Carta， the Great Charter， 63 8. Joan of Arc， Calais 9. Black Death， two 10. yeomen III 1.Domesday Book It is a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of King William the First in 1086. The book was in fact a property record. It was the result of a general survey of England. It recorded the extent， value， state of cultivation， and ownership of the land. It was one of the important measures adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in England. Today， it is kept in the Public Records Office in London. 2.lollards：罗拉德派 they were poor priests and traveling preachers who were john wyclif's followers.they played an important role in the mental preparations for the peasant uprising of 1381.they preaching the equality of men before god. 3.Joan of arc：圣⼥贞德 she was a national heroine of France during the hundred year's war，she successfully led the france to drive the English out of France. 4.The Black Death It is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague， an epidemic disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348-1349. It came without warning， and without any cue. In England， it killed almost half of the total population， causing far-reaching economic consequences. 1.What was feudalism like in England under the rule of William the Conqueror？ Under the rule of William the Conqueror， the feudal system in England was completely established. According to this system， the king owned all the land personally. William gave his barons large estates in return for military services and a proportion of the land's produce. These estates were scattered all over the king. Then， the barons parceled out land to the lesser nobles， knights and freemen， also in return for goods and services. At the bottom of the feudal scale were the serfs. One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of allegiance not only to their immediate lord， but also to the king. 2. What were the contents and the significance of the Great charter？ Contents： no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council； no freeman should be arrested，imprisoned， or deprived of his property except by the law of the land； the Church should possess all its rights， together with freedom of elections； London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges， and there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. It was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons， a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the power of the king. 3. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being？ Henry III's many measures was brought matters between he and barons to a head. And the barons force the king to swear and accept the Provisions of Oxford. Simon de Montfort summoned in 1265 the Great Council to meet at Westminster， together with two knights from each country and two burgesses from each town， a metting which has been seen as that the earliest parliament. 4. What do you know about Wat Tyler's Uprising？ The uprising broke out in Kent and Essex in 1381 and was led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw. Tyler led the mared villagers to occupy London. The king was forced to accept their demands. Most of the rebels dispersed and went home，while Tyler and other leader stayed on for more rights. Tyler was killed at a meeting with the king， who suppressed the Uprising brutally. Although the Uprising failed， it had great importance in English history. It directed against the rich clergy， the lawyers and the landowners. It effectively blew the serfdom， and a new class of yeomen farmers emerged，paving the way for the development of capitalism. 第三章 Shaping of the Nation（练习题⼆）选择题 1. The Domesday Book was completed in________.A. 1085B. 1086C.1087D.1088 答案： B 2. When William died in Normandy in 1087 he left Normandy to ________，and England to______.A. William Rufus； RobertB. Robert ；HenryC. Robert； William RufusD. Henry； Robert 答案： C 3. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of______， keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land. A. the Archbishop of Canterbury B the barons C the church D the king 答案：D 4. The barons forced the king of Henry 3 and his son Prince Edward to swear to accept the _____.A . Provisions of Oxford.B Provisions of YorkC Provisions of WestminsterD provisions of Canterbury 答案： A 5 . Magna Carta was signed in _______ at a conference at ______.A. 1066； RunnymedeB. 1215； WindsorC. 1215； OxfordD. 1215； Runnymede 答案： D 6. According to Magna Carta no tax should be made without the approval of______. A. the Witan B the king C the Grand Council D the Commons 答案：C 7 In 1265 Simon summoned the Great Council to meet together with two knights from each county and two ______ from each town. A burgesses B. bishops C. clergymen D. yeomen 答案： A 8 The Hundred Year's War lasted from _______to________.A. 1337；1450B. 1337；1453C. 1330； 1453D. 1337；1455 答案： B 9 'Domesday Book' was compiled during the rule of ______.A William IB William IIC Henry IID King Stephen 答案：A 10 The Black Death swept through England in the summer of _____without warning.A 1374B 1348C 1349D 1350 答案：B 11 After the Hundred Year's War， power in England was in the hands of a number of rich and ambitious_________.A bishopsB MerchantsC noblesD royal family members 答案： C 12 The causes of the Hundred Years War were partly ______and Partly _______. A. political； military B political； economic C territorial； religious D territorial； economic 答案：D 13 The Hundred Years' War could be devided into _______outstanding stages.A twoB threeC fourD five 答案：B 14 Under William's rule， the______ were at the bottom of the feudal system. 'A. baronsB. freemenC. villeinsD. lawyers 答案：C 15 William replaced the Witan， the council of the Anglo-Saxon king， with ______A. the Grand CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the House of CorranonsD. Parliament 答案：A 16 William II was known as William ______ because of his red complexion.A. RufusB. the ConquerorC. the ConfessorD. the Unready 答案：A 17 Henry II was the first king of the ______dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet 答案：D 18 In Henry II ' s reign， a _______ law was gradually established in place of the customs of the manor.A. localB. privateC. civilD. common 答案：D 19 The Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of ____in 1164 to increase the jurisdiction of the civil courts.A. LabourersB. ClarendonC. OxfordD. Cambridge 答案：B 20 The Great Charter was signed in ______ and had______ clauses.A.1251， 63B.1251， 73C.1215， 63D.1215， 73 答案：C 21 In 1265 _____summoned the Great Council， which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. HenryB.the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort 答案：D 22 The Hundred Years' war started in_____ and was ended in______， in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of _____，A .1337 ， 1453， FlandersB .1337 ， 1453， Calais C.1346， 1453， Argencourt D.1346， 1453， Brest 答案：B。

英美概况范围填空题

•Boston Tea Party•The causes of the Independence War•The Articles of Confederation•The making of the US Constitution•The New Deal•Two characteristics of the U.S. Constitution•The Bill of Rights•The first English settlement in North America•The cause of the American Civil War•What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II•Nixon's well-known contributions during his presidency•The consequences of the Norman Conquest•England feudalism under the rule of William the Conqueror•The contents of the Great Charter•The significance of the Great Charter•The results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain•Henry VIII’s Religious Reformation•The Glorious Revolution•The Roman Invasion•The Petition of Right•William the Conqueror•Domesday Book ( day of judgment)•The Magna Carta•The Wars of the Roses•Oliver Cromwell•Why did the Restoration take place in England•The Industrial Revolution1. The United States of America is the third country in the world in population.2. The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world in area..3. In _1959_, Alaska and Hawaii became the forty-ninth and fiftieth states.4._Teaxs is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.5. Of all the 50 states in the USA, the smallest one is _Rhode Island_.6. The lakes --- Eire, Huron, Michigan, _Ontario_ and Superior --- are the largest group of freshwater lakes in North America.7._The Mississippi River is the longest river in the United States.8. The Mississippi, which is sometimes called the Father of Waters or the Old Man River, has played a vital role in the history of the United States.9._Rocky Mountains, the backbone of the North American continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.10. The first Americans were the __Indians_.11. Christopher Columbus was a (an) _Italian navigator.12.Christopher Columbus discovered the North America in the year of 1492.13.The first English colony in North America was founded at _the beginning of the 17th century.14.The first English colony in the Americas was found at Jamestown_, Virginia in 1607.15. The Puritans were those who wanted to purify the church of _England_.16. In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower.17. The first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in _1619_.18. Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13__ colonies along the east coast of North America.19.The Lexington Shots were fired on April 19, _1775__ .20. Thomas Jefferson was the man who drafted the Declaration of Independence.21. Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence and on July 4, 1776 the Congress adopted the declaration.22. In September, 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed. Britain recognized the independence of the United States.23. In order to set up a more permanent and legitimate union of the states, a document was accepted by all the states in 1781. It was called Bill of Rights_.24. According to the Article of Confederation__, Congress had no right to raise taxes.25.In 1787, 55 delegates from all the states, except Rhode Island , met at Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation.26. The first president of the United States was George Washington_.27. George Washington was elected the first U.S. president and John Adam was his vice president.28. The U.S. government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the executive and the judicial.29. The three branches of the government are in balance, through the system of Checks-and-balance.30.The President of the United States is head of the executive branch and the White House is his official residence.31.The U.S. senate has _100__ members who are called senators.32. The last war between the United States and Britain was fought between _1812__ and 1814.33. In 1861, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation, the Confederacy States of America. Later the Civil War broke out on _Fort Sumter____.34.The Union army defeated the Confederate army at _Gettysburg_ , Pennsylvania and it was the turning point of the Civil War.35. The Civil War was won by the Union. But Lincoln was shot dead by John Wilkes Booth on __April 14, 1865__.36. The telephone was invented in 1876 by _Bell_.37. Model T was a kind of cheap automobile produced by Henry Ford_.38. Henry Ford and his Model T helped the United States to move on the way to becoming a nation on wheels.39.The United States entered the First World War in April _1917___ .40. In 1917, the October Revolution took place in _Russia and a new type of political system was established there.41. At the beginning of the Great Depression, the first blow to the stock market came on October 24, 1929, called the Black Thursday.42. In his inaugural speech, Franklin Roosevelt_ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”43. During the WWII, _Axis Powers_ were mainly made up by Germany, Italy and Japan.44.The Second World War finally ended in _1945___.45.“Containment”was first raised by George Kennan in his telegram to the State Department in Feb. 1946.46.In 1946, George Kennan sent a long telegram to the State Department and suggested the cold war policy towards the Soviet Union.47.In 1947, George Marshall, Secretary of State, announced the Marshall Plan to provide economic aid to Western Europe.48.Senator McCarthy launched an anti-Communist hysteria in the early 1950s.49.In February 1972, President Nixon visited China and the two countries issued Liaison offices .50.China and the United States established their diplomatic relations in January _1917_1. The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. The Republic of Ireland is sometimes also called _Eire_.3. The two large islands that make up the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland.4. England, Scotland and Wales make up the island of Great Britain.5. The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from _the European Continent_.6. The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Strait of Dover_, which is only 33 kilometers across.7 English Channel_ helped protect Britain from invasion and gave the people a feeling of security.8. The total area of Britain is about 244,019 square kilometers_ and her total population is about 57 million.9. _The Pennines_ is a mountain chain knows as the Backbone of Northern England.10. The largest lake in the British Isles is _Lough Neagh__.11. The highest peak of Britain is __Ben Nevis__. It is about 1300 meters high, located in the Highlands of Scotland.12.The highest peak in the British Isles, Ben Nevis, is located in the _Grampian Mountains__.13. The Pennines are England’s main mountain system, often called the __backbone_ of England.14. Natural gas was discovered in _1969 in North Sea in Britain.15.The longest river in Britain is _the Severn River_; and the most important river is the Thames_.16. Largest lake of Britain is _Lake Neagh or Lough Neagh_; it is located in Northern Ireland.17. Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland.18. Loch Lomond_ in Scotland is the largest lake on the island of Great Britain.19. The ancestors of the English are Angol-Saxons_, land the Scots, welsh and Irish are the descendants of Celts_.20.The two largest islands of the British Isles are Great Britain_ and Ireland_.21.The most important historical monument left to us by the ancient Iberians was Stonehenge_.22. British recorded history begins with _the Romans.23. The first Roman invasion of Britain happened in _55_ B.C. led by Julius Caesar.24. The successful Roman invasion of Britain happened in A.D. 43, headed by the Roman Emperor Claudius_.25. Britain was under the Roman occupation for nearly _400_ years.26. Beginning from the mid-5th century, some Germanic tribes came to Britain. The three most powerful tribes were _Angle_, Saxon_ and Jute__.27. The Anglo-Saxon tribes established seven principal kingdoms. These kingdoms together have been known as the Heptarchy_.28.In the year 579, England began to be Christianized. It was mainly due to the work of Saint Augustine_, a priest sent to England by the Pope in Rome.29. In the 9th century, the Danes gained control of the north and east of England. This occupied area was known as _the Danelaw_.30. The Anglo-Saxons, led by their king Alfred the Great, managed to hold off the invading Danes.31. Bede was said to be the author of Ecclesiastical History of the English People. The book was written in Latin but was translated into English by Alfred the Great.32. King Edward was knows as King Edward the Confessor because of his piety.33. The last English king with the Danish origin of blood was Edward_. After his death, the Norman Conquest began.34. The Norman Conquest, a very important event in the English history, broke out in the year 1066. The conqueror was William_.35.At the time of the Norman Conquest, Anglo-Saxon England was headed by King Harold. He was killed in the battle near Hastings_ on October 14, 1066.36. William I replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxon kings, with the Grand Council_.37.Under William’s rule, the fedual_ system was completely established.38.In the reign of the Norman kings, three languages were used in England: Latin_, _French_ and Old English_.39.Under Henry II’s rule, the Pope?, the Archbishop of Canterbury, was murdered.40. The Great Charter was signed by King John in the year 1215.41.The Hundred Years’War with France actually lasted for more than a hundred years from 1377 to 1453.42. When the Hundred Years War eventually ended in 1453, Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.43. The Wars of the Roses were fought between the House of __York__ and the House of _Lancaster.44. The end of the Wars of the Roses in 1485 marked the beginning of the Tudor Dynasty. _Henry Ⅶ_ was the founder of this new dynasty.45. The Protestant Reformation in England was led by King HenryⅧ_, and the direct cause was his divorce case with Catherine of Aragon.46.__Elizabeth came into the throne at the age of 25 and reined the country for 45 years while remaining single.47. The most famous of the Catholic conspiracies against King James I was the _Gunpowder_ Plot of 160548. In 1653, Oliver Cromwell became _Lord Protector_ of the Commonwealth of England.49. The Restoration of the House of Stuart happened in the year 1660_. The king who restored was Charles II50. The Glorious Revolution in the year 1688 made William and Mary jointly reign England.。

The Middle Ages(quiz)

Middle Ages (A Quiz)1. Which people began their invasion and conquest of southwestern Britain around 450?a)the Normansb)the Geatsc)the Celtsd)the Anglo-Saxonse)the Danes2. Words from which language began to enter English vocabulary around the time of theNorman Conquest in 1066?a)Frenchb)Norwegianc)Spanishd)Hungariane)Danish3. Which hero made his earliest appearance in Celtic literature before becoming a staple subjectin French, English, and German literatures?a)Beowulfb)Arthurc)Caedmond)Augustine of Canterburye)Alfred4. Toward the close of which century did English replace French as the language of conductingbusiness in Parliament and in court of law?a)tenthb)eleventhc)twelfthd)thirteenthe)fourteenth5. Which king began a war to enforce his claims to the throne of France in 1336?a)Henry IIb)Henry IIIc)Henry Vd)Louis XIVe)Edward III6. Who would be called the English Homer and father of English poetry?a)Bedeb)Sir Thomas Maloryc)Geoffrey Chaucerd)Caedmone)John Gower7. What was vellum?a)parchment made of animal skinb)the service owed to a lord by his peasants ("villeins")c)unrhymed iambic pentameterd)an unbreakable oath of fealtye) a prized ink used in the illumination of prestigious manuscripts8. Only a small proportion of medieval books survive, large numbers having been destroyed in:a)the Anglo-Saxon Conquest beginning in the 1450s.b)the Norman Conquest of 1066.c)the Peasant Uprising of 1381.d)the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 1530s.e)the wave of contempt for manuscripts that followed the beginning of printing in 1476.9. What is the first extended written specimen of Old English?a)Boethius's Consolidation of Philosophyb)Saint Jerome's translation of the Biblec)Malory's Morte Darthurd)Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English Peoplee) a code of laws promulgated by King Ethelbert10. Who was the first English Christian king?a)Alfredb)Richard IIIc)Richard IId)Henry IIe)Ethelbert11. In Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry, what is the fate of those who fail to observe the sacred duty ofblood vengeance?a)banishment to Asiab)everlasting shamec)conversion to Christianityd)mild melancholiae)being buried alive12. Christian writers like the Beowulf poet looked back on their pagan ancestors with:a)nostalgia and ill-concealed envy.b)bewilderment and visceral loathing.c)admiration and elegiac sympathy.d)bigotry and shallow triumphalism.e)the deepest reluctance.13. The use of "whale-road" for sea and "life-house" for body are examples of what literarytechnique, popular in Old English poetry?a)symbolismb)similec)metonymyd)kenninge)appositive expression14. Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of Old English poetry?a)Romantic love is a guiding principle of moral conduct.b)Its formal and dignified use of speech was distant from everyday use of language.c)Irony is a mode of perception, as much as it was a figure of speech.d)Christian and pagan ideals are sometimes mixed.e)Its idiom remained remarkably uniform for nearly three centuries.15. Which of the following best describes litote, a favorite rhetorical device in Old English poetry?a)embellishment at the service of Christian doctrineb)repetition of parallel syntactic structuresc)ironic understatementd)stress on every third diphthonge) a compound of two words in place of a single word16. How did Henry II, the first of England's Plantagenet kings, acquire vast provinces in southernFrance?a)the Battle of Hastingsb)Saint Patrick's missionc)the Fourth Lateran Councild)the execution of William Sawtree)his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine17. Which of the following languages did not coexist in Anglo-Norman England?a)Latinb)Dutchc)Frenchd)Celtice)English18. Which twelfth-century poet or poets were indebted to Breton storytellers for their narratives?a)Geoffrey Chaucerb)Marie de Francec)Chrétien de Troyesd) a and c onlye) b and c only19. To what did the word the roman, from which the genre of "romance" emerged, initially apply?a) a work derived from a Latin text of the Roman Empireb) a story about love and adventurec) a Roman officiald) a work written in the French vernaculare) a series of short stories20. Popular English adaptations of romances appealed primarily toa)the royal family and upper orders of the nobilityb)the lower orders of the nobilityc)agricultural laborersd)the clergye)the Welsh21. What is the climax of Geoffrey of Monmouth's The History of the Kings of Britain?a)the reign of King Arthurb)the coronation of Henry IIc)King John's seal of the Magna Cartad)the marriage of Henry II to Eleanor of Aquitainee)the defeat of the French by Henry V22. Ancrene Riwle is a manual of instruction fora)courtiers entering the service of Richard IIb)translators of French romancesc)women who have chosen to live as religious reclusesd)knights preparing for their first tournamente)witch-hunters and exorcists23. The styles of The Owl and the Nightingale and Ancrene Riwle show what about the poetryand prose written around the year 1200?a)They were written for sophisticated and well-educated readers.b)Writing continued to benefit only readers fluent in Latin and French.c)Their readers' primary language was English.d) a and c onlye) a and b only24. In addition to Geoffrey Chaucer and William Langland, the "flowering" of Middle Englishliterature is evident in the works of which of the following writers?a)Geoffrey of Monmouthb)the Gawain poetc)the Beowulf poetd)Chrétien de Troyese)Marie de France25. Why did the rebels of 1381 target the church, beheading the archbishop of Canterbury?a)Their leaders were Lollards, advocating radical religious reform.b)The common people were still essentially pagan.c)They believed that writing, a skill largely confined to the clergy, was a form of black magic.d)The church was among the greatest of oppressive landowners.e) a and c only26. Which influential medieval text purported to reveal the secrets of the afterlife?a)Dante's Divine Comedyb)Boccaccio's Decameronc)The Dream of the Roodd)Chaucer's Legend of Good Womene)Gower's Confessio Amantis27. Who is the author of Piers Plowman?a)Sir Thomas Maloryb)Margery Kempec)Geoffrey Chaucerd)William Langlande)Geoffrey of Monmouth28. What event resulted from the premature death of Henry V?a)the Battle of Agincourtb)the Battle of Hastingsc)the Norman Conquestd)the Black Deathe)the War of the Roses29. Which literary form, developed in the fifteenth century, personified vices and virtues?a) the short storyb) the heroic epicc) the morality playd) the romancee) the limerick30. Which of the following statements about Julian of Norwich is true?a) She sought unsuccessfully to restore classical paganism.b) She was a virgin martyr.c) She is the first known woman writer in the English vernacular.d) She made pilgrimages to Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago.e) She probably never met Margery Kempe.31. Which of the following authors is considered a devotee to chivalry, as it is personified in SirLancelot?a) Julian of Norwichb) Margery Kempec) William Langlandd) Sir Thomas Malorye) Geoffrey Chaucer。

common law& civil law

2. The other information
Other names Anglo-American, English Juries Provided at trial level
Source of law
Case law, legislation
Policy-making role
Courts share in balancing power
Countries
Australia, UK, Ireland, Hong Kong, USA (except Louisiana), Canada, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Norway
3.what are England, Wales, Northern Ireland,
Scotland law system?
England, Wales, Northern Ireland use the common law system, while Scotland, which is based on a different legal tradition, uses a hybrid (a composite of mixed origin ) system combining elements form the common law and the civil law system.
Common Law & Civil Court
By Group 3
Laws in the UK
• Common law Sources of England & • Statute Law Welsh Law • European Union Law • Civil law Two branches of law • Criminal law …

英美法律制度1

• Near the end of the 10th century, during the reign of Ethelred, fresh waves of fierce Danish fighters from the continent attacked the south. • In 1013 the Danish king, Sweyen, became master of England, and Ethelred fled to Normandy in France, the home of his wife Emma. • Soon afterwards Sweyen died, and the English sent for their ―lawful king‖. So Ethelred came back.
• Egbert, the king of Wessex, styled himself ―King of the English‖ in 829. • Christianity: all England was united under one well-organized church. The head of the Church was the Archbishop of Canterbury.
• In Sept., Duke William landed on the Sussex coast. • The Battle of Hastings on Oct. 14 Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. • On Christmas Day 1066 Duke William known in history as William the Conqueror was crowned in Westminster Abby.

英美概论考试练习题

- 1 -《英美概况》习题集英国部分Part I GeographyI. Multiple Choice1. The total area of the U.K. is _____.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18018. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England9.11. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. SevernB. ClydeC. Bann12. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____.A. 1964B. 1946C. 169420. Britain is basically an importer of _____.A. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. bothA and B23. The center of the Britain financial system is _____.A. Bank of EnglandB. Bank of BritainC. Bank of U.K.27. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith37. The second largest city in England is _____.A. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. Manchester40. By the Act of Union in _____, the name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was adopted.43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. EnglandII. Fill in the Blanks1. The U.K. is situated in _____ Europe.2. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and _____ _____.3. The U.K. consists of England, _____, _____ and Northern Ireland.4. The largest part of U.K. is _____.5. The capital of England and of Great Britain is _____.8. The highest mountain in Britain is _____ _____.9. The “Backbone of England” refers to the _____.16. The Bank of England was founded in _____.17. The population of the U.K. is more than _____million.18. Britain is basically an exporter of _____.27. The British national anthem is _____ _____ _____ _____.28. The U.K. lies to the _____ of France.29. Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the _____ End.33. The capital city of Wales is _____.Part II HistoryI. Multiple Choice1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes5. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turnof the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103516. Charles I was beheaded in _____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165321. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in naturea _____.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval25. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster45. Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria58. The Victorian Age was over the _____ began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age60. The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal documentIII. Explain the Following Terms1. The Norman Conquest2. The Glorious RevolutionIV. Answer the Following Questions1. What, in your opinion, are the main causes for the slow growth of Britain’s economy since the Second World War?3. What importance did King Alfred hold in British history?Part III CultureI. Multiple Choice3. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught48. _____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London.A. WhitehallB. St. Paul’s CathedralC. Westminster Abbey49. _____ is the monarch’s present London home.A. Westminster PalaceB. Buckingham PalaceC. Whitehall PalacePart V Political SystemI. Multiple Choice1. The British Monarchy is _____.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.A. 17thB. 16thC. 15th6. The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ years.A. fourB. sixC. five11. The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown15. The president (or head) of the House of Lordsin Britain is _____.A. Lord ChancellorB. SpeakerC. Prime minister17. It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. Speaker21. The following persons except _____ have no right to vote.A. certified lunatics (mentally illed person)B. criminalsC. government employeesD. peers who have seats in the LordsIII. Explain the Following Terms1. The Cabinet2. The SpeakerIV. Answer the Following Questions1. Can you say something about the English Monarchy?2. Which are the major parties in Britain? What are the characteristics of them?美国部分Part II. Multiple Choice3. In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A. Rocky MountainB. Coast RangeC. Cascades MountainsIV. Answer the Following Questions1. Give a brief presentation of the U.S. economy. Part II HistoryI. Multiple Choice1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado6. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 171411. The Constitutional Convention was held in1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A. abolishing the Sedition ActB. reducing taxesC. purchasing Louisiana from France17. The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S. won the war.A. 1812, 1814B. 1813, 1815C. 1814, 181632. In 1918 President _____ issued the “Fourteen Points”.A. Woodrow WilsonB. William H. TaftC. Theodore RooseveltD. Warren G. Harding36. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____.A. blacksB. IndiansC. progressive people III. Define the Following Terms1. The Boston “Tea Party”2. The Westward MovementIV. Answer the Following Questions1. Please say something about the American War of Independence, including its cause, process andsignificance.Part III CultureI. Multiple Choice1. The popular kind of family in America is _____ family.A. nucleusB. looseC. largeD. blend17. American Independence Day fall on _____.A. the 4th of JulyB. October 31stC. March 20th18. Halloween is a _____.A. summer festivalB. night-time festivalC. sweethearts’ holidayD. pilgrims holiday IV. Answer the Following Questions1. What day in the US is the birthday of the nation?2. Who was Martin Luther King?4. What does Easter Sunday celebrate?Part V Political SystemI. Multiple Choice1. The Judicial Branch is headed by _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. President2. The general election in America is held every _____ years.A. 5B. 4C. 6D. 3A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC. PresidentD. Congress6. The political system of the US is based on the following except _____.A. federalismB. the constitutional monarchyC. the separation of powersD. respect for the constitutionE. the rule of law7. The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executiveIV. Answer the Following Questions1. What is the role of the US congress?。

英美法律制度期末复习.doc

1. (有效赠与满足的三个条件)three requirements for an effective gifts:(1) delivery :Delivery is obvious in most cases, but some objects cannot be relinquished physically(2) donative intent: Donative intent (the intent to make a gift) is determined from the language of the donor and the surrounding circumstan ces.(3)acceptance by the donee: The final requirement of a valid gift is acceptance by the donee.2. (反向取得的四个条件)adverse possession:(1) Possession must be actual and exclusive, than is ,the possessor must take sole physical occupancy of the property.(2) The possession must be open ,visible and notorious, not secret and clandestine.The possessor must occupy the land for all the world to see.(3) Possession must be continuous and peaceable for the required period of time.(4) Possession must be hostile and adverse3. Battery (非法接触)andAssault(威吓)的异同:(1) Smilarity: Both have intention to make contact (2) Difference: contact : 1 .The first of intentionally inflicted injury is battery.Battery is the intentional, unconsented, harmful or offensive touching of another.2. Assault occurs when the defendants's acts intentionally cause the victim's reasonable apprehension of immediate harmful or offensive contact. The contact must be seen as imminent. Intention:ln case of the assault there is no physical harm to victim , it is just threat from criminal to victim. While in case of battery ,there must be some physical contact between criminal and victim.4. Conversion(侵占)的概念和特征：概念：Conversion is a special type of trespass.lt isan intentional interference with plaintiff's possession or owners hip of property that is so substantial that D should be required to pay the property's full value. It involves a major interference, more serious interference with the possesssor's rights.特征：(1) Conversion is anIntentional tort(2) Distinguishe d from trespass to chattels5. 地役权(1) An easement is the right of s person to make limited use of another persons' real property without taking anything from the property.(2) An easement, for example,can be the right to walkAcross another's property. Incontrast, profit is the rightto go on to land in possession of another and take away some part of the land itself or some product of the land6. (过失侵权的成立要素)elements of negligence:(1) the duty of care andIts breach (2) the injury(3) causation三.案例1 .火车爆炸案(可预见性foreseeability)1 ssues:1.How is the duty of due care that is owed determined?2. To whom does a party owe the duty of due care?Holding and Rule(Cardozo 一"Zone of Danger" rule)1. A duty that is owed must be determined from the risk that can reasonably be foreseenunder the circumstances.2. A defendant owes a duty of care only to those who are in the reasonably foreseeable zoneof danger.a. "there was nothing in the situation to suggest to the most cautious mind that the parcelwrapped in newspaper would spread wreckage through the station. If the guard had thrown it down knowingly and willfully, he would not have threatened the plaintiff's safety, so far asappearances could warn him."b. Without any perception that one's actions could harm someone, there could be no dutytowards that person, and therefore no negligence for which to impose liability.一个正常的小心谨慎的人所感知的危险的范围决定应承担责任的范围(the orbit Of the danger aSdiSQosed tO the eye Of reasonablevigilance would be the orbit of the duty)2 土地测量误差'Issues: 1.1s tacking of possess!on by subsequent occupants permitted if the land is occup ied under a mistake of fact?2.May a party prevail on aclaim of adverse possessionif physical use of theproperty was limited to summer occupancy?Holding and Rule1. Yes. Tacking of possessionby subsequent occupants ispermitted if the land is occupied under a mistake of fact provided the occupants are in privity.2. Yes. A party may prevail ona claim of adverse possessionif physical use of the property was limited to summer o ecu pa ncy.I ssue: 1. Is a claim of adverse possession defeated because the house was only used as asummer property?2. Can a person who has recorded title to a tract of land adjacent to his, but thinking that hehas correct title to the land which he possesses, tack his adverse possession onto theprevious periods of occu pancy which went before his?Holding: 1.No. T D establish continuity of possession, a person must only occupy the property for periods of time which are consistent with the nature of the property.2. \fes. Where there are several successive bona fide purchases and recordings of a deed toa tract of land adjacent to the tract of land occupied, and the cumulative possessions arelonger than the statute of limitations for actions to recover property, there is sufficient privity to permit tacking and thus establish adverse possession. Reasoning: 1. The court reasoned that the rule of continuity was not one requiring absolute mat he matical continuity, but rather if the land is occupied during the period of the year when it is capable of use, that is sufficient.2. The requirement of "privity" is intended to keep chains of unrelated squatters from voiding the title of the original owner, and clearly those are not the facts in this case. Each possessor was a bona fide purchaser from the previous one. Furthermore, where a person claims more than his deed describes, the question of privity is not defeated, so it should be the same for where the deeddescribes an adjacent parcel of land.I ssues1.1s tacking of possession by subsequent occupants permitted if the land is occupied under amistake of fact?2.May a party prevail on a claim of adverse possession if physical use of the property waslimited to summer occupancy?1 .Under WA property law, may a person who receives record title to tract A under themistaken belief that he has title to tract B (immediately adjacent to tract A) and who subsequently occupies tract B, for the purpose of establishing title to tract B by adverse possession, use the periods of possession of tract B by his immediate predecessors who also had record title to tract A?Holding and Rule1 .Yes. Tacking of possession by subsequent occupants is permitted if the land is occupiedunder a mistake of fact provided the occupants are in privity.2. Yes. A party may prevail on a claim of adverse possession if physical use of the propertywas limited to summer occupancy.3. Yes. When several successive purchasers received record title to tract A, under themistaken belief that they were acquiring tract B, immediately adjacent, and where possession of tract B is transferred and occupied in a continuous manner for more than 10 years bysuccessive occupants, there is sufficient privity of estate to permit tacking and thus establish adverse possession as a matter of law.。

2022年自考专业(英语)英美文学选读考试真题及答案4

2022年自考专业(英语)英美文学选读考试真题及答案一、单项选择题 Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answer the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1、The Renaissance marks a transition from the_______ to the modern world.A.medievalB.romanticC.Anglo-SaxonD.Victorian2、Which of the following plays is NOT among William Shakespeare's four great tragedies?A.Hamlet.B.Twelfth Night.C.Othello.D.King Lear3、After the restoration of _______. Milton was imprisoned for a short time and then retired to private life.A.Charles IB.Charles IC.James ID.James 14、 It was not until the reign of_______that the Renaissance rally began o show its effect in England.A.Henry VIIB.Henry VIIC.Charles ID.Charles II5、In Paradise Lost, the real hero created by Milton is_______.A.GodB.AdamC.EveD.Satan6、The island of Lilliput can be found in_______.A.Robinson CrusoeB.Gulliver's TravelsC.The Adventures of Tom SawyerD.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn7、 The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movementthroughout Western Europe in the_______ century.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20th8、Henry Fielding is the author of the great 18th century English novel_______.A.Tom JonesB.PamelaC.Moll FendersD.The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy9、The publication of The Lyrical Ballads, written by _______ marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century.A.William Wordsworth and Robert BurnsB.William Blake and ColeridgeC.Wordsworth and Percy Bysshe ShellyD.Wordsworth and Coleridge10、 Generally, William Shakespeare's dramatic career can be divided into periods.A.3B.4C.5D.611、"his a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife." The quoted part is taken from_______.A.Pride and PrejudiceB.Wuthering HeightsC.Jane EyreD.Sense and Sensibility12、William Wordsworth is regarded as a 查看答案。

(4)Geoffrey Chaucer

The Tabard Inn, around 1850
The Canterbury
Here in the reign of Henry II one of the most terrible events in the English history happened.
Murder steps
Geoffrey Chaucer
(1343-1400)
Poets’ Corner One of the best known parts of
:
Westminster Abbey, Poets' Corner can be found in the South Transept. It was not originally designated as the burial place of writers, playwrights and poets; the first poet to be buried here, Geoffrey Chaucer, was laid to rest in Westminster Abbey because he had been Clerk of Works to the palace of Westminster, not because he had written the Canterbury Tales.
on
the
altar's
A sword's crushing blow extinguished the life of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, on a cold December evening as he struggled on the steps of his altar. The brutal event sent a tremor through Medieval Europe. Public opinion of the time and subsequent history have laid the blame for the murder at the feet of Becket's former close personal friend, King Henry II.

4._The_English_Renaissance

4. The English Renaissance1. The Origination of RenaissanceThe renaissance makes a transition from the medieval to the modern word. Generally，it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It fist started in Italy，with the flowering of painting，sculpture and literature. The Renaissance，which means re-birth or revival，is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events，such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture，the new discoveries in geography and astrology，the religious reformation and the economic expansion. The Renaissance，therefore，in essence，is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe，to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie，and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.2. Humanism（1）Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.（2）It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors of Greek and Roman Civilization based on the conception that man is measure of all things.（3）Renaissance humanists found in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question explore and enjoy.（4）By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.（5）Humanism began to take hold in England when the Dutch Scholar Desiderius Erasmus came to teach the classical learning, first at Oxford and then at Cambridge.（6）Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists. Thomas More’s Utopia (1478-1535)3. The Renaissance in EnglandThe Renaissance was slow in reaching England not only because of England’s separation from the Continent but also because of its domestic unrest.（1）Till the region of Henry that the Renaissance came to England. With Henry VIII’s encouragement, the Oxford and Cambridge reformers, scholars and humanists introduced classical literature to England. The bible was revitalized, and the literature, already much read in 15 century, became more popular.（2）The main writer of this period are Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, Ben Jonson, PhilipSidney, Christophe Marlowe, Francis Bacon and John Donne.（3）Characteristic:The English Renaissance had no sharp break with the past. Attitudes and feelings which had been Characteristic of the 14 and 15 centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and Reformation.4. The Religious reformation of Protestantism（1）It was Martin Luther, a German Protestant, who initiated the Reformation, he believed that every true Christian was his Own priest and was entitled tointerpret the Bible for himself.（2）Reformers from northern Europe vitalized the protestant movement, which was seen as a means to recover the purity of the early Church from the Corruption andsuperstition of the Middle Ages.（3）Henry 8 cut ties with Rome, Common English people welcomed and supported Henry’s decision of breaking away from Rome, and declared himself through theParliament as the supreme head of the Church of England. One of the majorresults was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church andservices were held in English instead of Latin, so that people could understand.（4）In the reign of Edward VI, the reform of the church’s doctrine and teaching was carried out.（5）After Mary ascended the throne, there was a violent swing to Catholicism.（6）By the middle of Elizabeth’s region, Protestantism had been firmly established.（7）Essence of it:The religious reformation was actually a reflection of the class struggle waged by the new rising bourgeoisie against the feudal class and its ideology.5. The literature in the Renaissance1) The background of history and culture.William Caxton，he was the first person who introduced printing into England. Thus，for the first time in history it was possible for a book or and idea to reach the whole nation in a speedy way. With the introduction of printing, an age of translation came into being. With classical culture and the Italian humanistic ideas coming into England, the English Renaissance began flourishing.2) The effect of Italian literature to EnglandThe first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.Petrarch was regarded as the fountainhead of literature by the English writers. For it was Petrarch and his successors who established the language of love and sharply distinguished the love poetry of the Renaissance from its counterparts in the ancient world.Thomas Wyatt and Earl of Surrey began engraving the forms and graces of Italianpoetry upon the native stock. While the former introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England, the latter brought in bland verse, i.e. the unrhymed iambic pentameter line.Sidney followed with the sestina and terza rima and with various experiments in classic meters. And Marlowe gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “mighty lines.”3) The poetry in Elizabethan period.a. Sonnet: Shakespeare; Edmund Spenserb. Pastoral Convention: Edmund Spenser’s The Shepherd’s Calendarc. Popular lyric：Ben Jonson (To Celia)He is also regarded as a Cavalier poet for his masques were written for court entertainments, as the scripts for music, sometimes interspersed with beautiful little songs like the famous To Celia.. He became the literary king of his time.Cavalier Poet: 保皇派诗人/宫廷诗人Of or relating to a group of 17th-century English poets associated with the court of Charles I. CavalierCavalier Reaction towards Asceticism belonging to Puritanism. Robert Herrick claimed himself as one of the “Sons of Ben Jonson”4) Elizabethan dramThe Elizabethan drama, in its totality, is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe (pioneer), William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson. Robert Green: George Green, the Pinner of WakefieldInterludes and morality plays thriving in the medieval period continued to be popular down to Shakespeare’s time. But the development of the drama into a sophisticated art form required another influence - the Greek and Roman classics. Lively, vivid native English material was put into the regular form of the Latin comedies of Plautus and Terence. Tragedies were in the style of Seneca. The fusion of classical form with English content brought about the possibility of a mature and artistic drama.They wrote plays with such universal qualities of greatness. By imitating the romances of Italy and Spain, embracing the mysteries of German legend, and combining the fictions of poetic fancy with the facts of daily life, they made a vivid depiction of the sharp conflicts between feudalism and the rising bourgeoisie in a transitional period.5) Renaissance Prose/EssayFrancis Bacon（1561-1626）,the first important English essayist, is best known for his essays which greatly influenced the development of this literary form. He was also the founder of modern science in England. His writings paved the way for the use of scientific method. Thus, he is undoubtedly one of the representatives of the English Renaissance.Essays (58)Of StudiesOf Marriage and Single LifeAdvancement of Learning (1605)New Instrument (1620)6) Renaissance NovelsJohn Lyly’s Eupheus, it gave rise to the term euphuism夸饰文体,6. The main writers1) Translation of Italian and French and some other works: Don Quixote by Cervantes(1547-1616), Chapman’s Homer (Iliad, Odyssey)2) Philip Sidney and Walter Raleigha. Philip SidneyApology for Poetry (essay): He defended for poetry and believed that poetry had asuperiority over philosophy and history.Astrophel and Stella (collection of love sonnets)b. Walter Raleigh (1552-1618)Discovery of GuianaHistory of the World3) Edmund Spenser(1552-1599)a. LifeBorn in London. In 1598 a fierce Irish rebellion forced Spenser to abandon Kilcolman Castle. Spenser never recovered from the shock of this frightful experience. He returned to England heartbroken, and in the following year he died in an inn at Westminster. According to Ben Jonson he died”for want of bread.”He was buried beside his master Chaucer in Westminster Abbey.b. WorksThe Faerie Queene, a great poem of its age.According to Spenser’s own explanation, his principal intention is to present through a”historical poem”the example of a perfect gentleman:”to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous and gentle discipline.”The Faerie Queene is written in a special verse form that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet (an alexandrine), with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc. This form has since been called the Spenserian Stanza.The Shepherd’s Calendar, a pastoral poem in twelve books.c. Main qualities of Spenser’s poetry● a perfect melody● a rare sense of beauty● a splendid imagination● a lofty moral purity and seriousness● a dedicated idealism●strange forms of speech and obsolete words He is known as” the poets’ poet”.4）Christopher Marlowea. LifeHe was the son of a shoemaker. Tamburlaine is written before he left Cambridge，he was killed in a quarrel.b. Works（1）Tamburlaine （2）Dr. Faustus（3）The Jew of Malta （4）EdwardⅡ（5）Hero and Leander（6）The passionate Shephered to his love（7）Translate Ovid’ moresc. ContributionHe adopted blank verse and made it the principal medium of English drama. Hecreated the renaissance hero for English drama and paved way for the plays of thegreatest English dramatist Shakespeare.d.作品选读（1）Tamburlaine is about an ambitious and pitiless conqueror in the 14 century who rose from a shepherd to a overpowering king. It displayed a high-aspiring mindthat was self-created and carried by love and dream. By depicting a great herowith high ambition and sheer brutal force in conquering one enemy afteranother Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of the man of the Renaissance forinfinite power and authority.（2）Dr. Faustus: based on German legend of magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil. Thedominant moral is human not religious. It celebrates the human passion forknowledge，power and happiness，revels man’s frustration in realizing thehigh aspiration in a hostile moral order and the confinement to time is thecruelest fact of man’s condition.(3) The Passionate Shepherd to His Love5 ) Shakespeare(1) He wrote altogether 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and 2 long poems. He married AnneHathaway, Strafford-on-Avon(2) He acted and wrote for the Lord of Chamberlain’s Men, the King’s Men(3) V enus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece, the two long narrative poems.(4) a. The first period5 Historical plays:Henry VI, part I, II, III.Richard IIITitus AndronicusFour comedies:The Comedy of ErrorsThe Two Gentlemen of VeronaThe Taming of the ShrewLover’s Labor’s Lostb. The second period5 Historical playsRichard II, Henry V, King JohnHenry IV, part I, II.6 comediesA Midsummer Night’s DreamThe Merchant of VeniceMuch Ado About NothingAs You Like ItTwelfth NightThe Merry Wives of Windsor2 TragediesRomeo and JulietJulius Caesarc. The third periodGreatest Tragedies and dark comediesHamlet; Othello; King Lear; MacbethAntony and Cleopatra;Troilus and CressidaCoriolanusComedies: All’s Well That Ends WellMeasure for Measured. The last Period (principal romantic tragedies)Pericles; Cymbeline; The Winter’s Tales;The TempestLast history play: Henry VIII, The Two Noble Kinsmen(5) 154 sonnets(6) Historical play: Henry IV (I, II) most read, convey national unity and under a mightyand just sovereign is a necessity.(7) In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love andyouth.(8) The Merchant of VeniceAntonio and Bassanio (friends)Portia, heroine, wit and loyaltyShylock, insatiable desire of the Jew(9) The Greatest TragediesHamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbetha. Hamlet faces dilemma between action and mind.b. Othello’s inner w eaknessc. The old king Lear, unwilling to give up his power, suffer from treachery andinfidelity.d. Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessantcrimes.e. Hamlet; Claudius, his uncle(10) Four Great Comedies: The Merchant of Venice; Twelfth Night; A Mid SummerNight’s Dream; As You Like It(11) Shall Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day6) Ben Jonson (1572-1637)a. LifeSon of a brick-layer, Jonson received a good education, became a remarkable Greekand Latin scholar, then began to write for the London stage, an rose to be one of theleading dramatists of the day.b. Works(1) Roman Tragedies: Sejanus; Catiline(2) Comedies: Every Man in His Humour; The Alchemist; Bartholomew Fair;Volpone, or the Fox(3)Songs/ Poems: Song of Celia/ To Celia (Drink to me only with thine eyes)c. Song to Celia本·琼森（1572-1637），英国文艺复兴时期重要的剧作家和诗人。

英美概况复习资料

1. The continental United States lies in the central North American with ____ toits east and ____ to its west.A. the pacific ocean, the Atlantic oceanB. the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific OceanC. the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of MexicoD. the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean2. Among the Great Lakes, _____ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan3. The Appalachians run from ____ to ____.A. the north, the southB. the east, the westC. the northwest, the southeastD. the northeast, the southwest4. The biggest city in the U.S. is ____.A. Los AngelesB. New YorkC. ChicagoD. San Francisco5. The ____ River meets the Atlantic Ocean at New York City.A. PotomacB. HudsonC. ColumbiaD. Colorado6. Hawaii became the fiftieth state of the United States in ____.A. 1948B. 1950C. 1956D. 19597. ____ is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Eire8. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United Sates is ___.A. the HispanicsB. the Asian-AmericansC. the IndiansD. the blacks9. The Grand Canyon is located in the state of ____.A. ColoradoB. CaliforniaC. ArizonaD. New Mexcio10. ____ are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United Sates.A. the BlacksB. The HispanicsC. the Asian-AmericansD. the Indians11. The ____ River has been called the American Ruhr.A. MississippiB. OhioC. MissouriD. Colorado12. The Mississippi River flows to ____.A. the Atlantic OceanB. the Gulf of CaliforniaC. the Gulf of MexicoD. the Pacific Ocean13. The U.S. produces nearly ___ of the corn in the world.• A. 25% B. 35% C. 40% D. 50%14. ____ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.• A. The Midwest B. the Great Plains• C. New England D. the South15．The Snow belt areas in the united States refer to North.16. The chief industry in the Rocky Mountains is ____• A. the tourist trade B. mining• C. textile industry D. iron and steel17. The United States is the ____ most populous country in the world.• A. third B. fourth C. fifth D. sixth18. New York is located in ___.A. the MidwestB. the Middle Atlantic regionC. New EnglandD. the great Plains19. The United States is the ____ largest country in the world.• A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth20. ___ is the home of the space center in the U.S.• A. Houston B. Dallas• C. New Orleans D. Miami•••21. The Midwest states lies in the ___ part of the U.S.• A. western B. southern C. northern D. northwestern•22. The smallest state in the U.S. is ____.• A. Washington B. Rhode island• C. Hawaii D. Maryland••23. In the U.S., the largest city along the Pacific Coast is _____. • A. Los Angeles B. San Francisco• C. Seattle D. Portland•24. The first industrial area in the United Sates is _____.• A. New England• B. the Middle Atlantic• C. the Midwest D. the South••25. _____ is the largest city of the Great Plains of the U.S.• A. Colorado B. Los Angeles• C. Salt Lake City D. Denver•26. The largest state on the mainland of the United States is _____. • A. California B. Texas• C. Alaska D. Arizona••27. The largest and busiest port on the great Lakes is ___.• A. New York B. Chicago• C. Detroit D. St. Louis•28. The sunbelt areas in the united States refer to _____.• A. the East and the North• B. the North and the West• C. the west and the South• D. the east and the South••29. The newest state in the United States is _____.• A. New Mexico B. Alaska• C. California D. Hawaii••30. The state of ____ is the leading state in oil and natural gas deposits in the U.S.• A. California B. New Mexico• C. Florida D. Texas31. The Rustbelt areas refers to Northeastern USA32. Please list five metropolitans which located on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. (Boston-Washington corridor )Boston, Massachusetts, new York city, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, D.C.33. __Florida______is the southern-most city( exclusive of Hawaii).34. The highest summits in the US. is Mt. Mckinley35. The national flag of the United States is known as ____.A. the star-spangled BannarB. Uncle SamC. Got DogD. Union Jack36. The Niagara Falls is located on thee US and the Canadian boundary between Lake _________ and Lake ________.A. Superior, HuronB. Michigan, HuronC. Huron, EireD. Eire, Ontario37．Which of the king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II38．Westminster Palace is the ___________.A.seat of British House of ParliamentB.seat of English ChurchC.residence of king and queenD.Residence of Prime Minster39．No. 10 Downing Street is ________.A.Office of British NavyB.Official residence of Prime MinsterC.Seat of English parliamentD.Official residence of King40．The American Civil War lasted from _______ to _______.A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186741．In the U.S., the senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 842．The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .ToriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists 43．Among the Great Lakes, ______ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan44．_____ was Britain’s first colony in America.A .PlymouthB .JamestownC .PhiladelphiaD .New York45．______ was a king that was so enthusiastic about agricultural changes that he got the nickname “Farmer George”.A .George IB .George IIC .George IIID .George IV46．During the American Civil War, the army of the North was known as _____.A. the Continental ArmyB. the Confederate ArmyC. the U.S. armyD. the Union Army47．The Marsh Plan offered economic aid to ______.A. European countriesB. Western European countriesC. Eastern European countriesD. European countries except the Soviet UnionMock Test.1. The official name of the United Kingdom is______.A .the United Kingdom of Great BritainB .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandC .the United Kingdom of Britain and Northern IrelandD .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. It was under______ that the feudal system in England was completely established.A .HaroldB .WilliamC .HenryD .Edward3 .The largest and most important museum in Britain is______.A .the British MuseumB .the Victoria and Albert MuseumC .the Imperial War MuseumD .the National Gallery4. Which of the following is not a political division on the island of Great Britain?A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .Northern IrelandD .Wales5. The highest peak in Britain is______.A .Ben NevisB .ScafellC .SnowdoniaD .Cross Fell6. The first known settlers of Britain were______.A .the IberaiansB .the Bearker FolkC .the CeltsD .the Romans7. The Wars of the Roses lasted from ______ to______.A.1455, 1465B.1455, 1475C.1455, 1485D.1455, 14958. The religious change from Catholicism toward Protestant theology in England was called “______”.A .RenaissanceB .ReformationC .RevolutionD .Evolution9. A British Parliament has a maximum duration of______ years.A .3B .4C .5D .610. In criminal trials, the______ decides the issue of guilt or innocence.A .judgeB .lawyerC .juryD .audience11. The first English colony in America was founded in______.A .1593B .1607C .1618D .162012. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel inthe______ and the North Sea in the______.A .south, westB .south, eastC .north, westD .north, east13. The first successful Roman conquest in Britain was led by______.A .Julius CaesarB .ClaudiusC .AgricolaD .Constantine14.______ served as the new cultural centers in England during the reign of the Norman kings.A .The schoolsB .The monasteriesC .The royal courtD .The big towns15. The House of Lancaster was symbolized by the______ rose, while that of York was symbolized by the______ rose.A .white, blackB .white, redC .red, whiteD .black, red16. In Britain, the ultimate authority for law-making resides in______.A .the House of LordsB .the Hose of CommonsC .the QueenD .the Prince of Wales17. Which of the following statements is not true about the contributions made by the Anglo-Saxons to English state?A .They divided the country into shires.B .They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system.C .They created the manorial system and the Witan.D .They established the complete feudal system in England.18. The narrowest part of the English Channel is the Straits of Dover, which is only______ km across.A .25B .35C .43D .5019. Which of the following statements is not true about William’s policy towardthe church in England?A .He kept the church completely in his control and tried to suppress its power.B .He appointed the Italian-born Lanfranc to be Archbishop of Canterbury.C .He encouraged the church to have a closer relationship with Rome.D .He took care to maintain the independence of the church.20. The Magna Carta had altogether______ clauses.A .50B .53C .58D .6321. The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .ToriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained______growth rate and______ inflation rate.A .the highest, the highestB .the lowest, the lowestC .the highest, the lowestD .the lowest, the highest23. The House of Lord is presided over by the______.A .Archbishop of CanterburyB .Lord ChancellorC .QueenD .Archbishop of York24. The capital of Scotland is______.A .BelfastB .CardiffC .EdinburghD .Dublin25. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?A .About 200 yearsB .About 300 yearsC .About 400 yearsD .About 500 years26. Which of the following statements is not among the causes of the hundredyears’ war between England and France?A .The French king wanted to take back the territory occupied by England.B .Both English and French kings wanted to control the Flemish clothmanufacturing towns.C .England wanted to stop France from giving aid to the Scots.D .The English refused to recognize Edward as their king.27. Mrs. Thatcher was British Prime Minister from______.A .1980, 1990B .1982, 1988C .1979, 1990 D.1979, 198428. The present Sovereign of Britain is______.A .PhilipB .Elizabeth IC .Elizabeth IID .Charles29. Britain’s most popular pastime is______.A .reading newspaperB .watching TVC .playing footballD .horse racing30. The destruction of the______ in 1588 showed England’s superiority as a naval power under Elizabeth I’s reign.A .French FleetB .Spanish ArmadaC .Danish VikingsD .Portuguese Navy31. The replacement of James II by William and Mary has been known as______.A .the Glorious RevolutionB .the RestorationC .the ReformationD .the Renaissance32. The decade of 1980s is remembered in Britain as the era of______.A .centralizationB .nationalizationC .privatizationD .industrialization33. The Church of Scotland is a______ church.A .MethodistB .BaptistC .PresbyterianD .Catholic34. The longest river in Britain is______.A .the Severn RiverB .the Thames RiverC .the Mersey RiverD .the Clyde River35.______ were the people who laid foundation of the English state.A .The CeltB .The RomansC .The JutesD .The Anglo-Saxons36. Mrs. Thatcher’s Medium-term Financial Strategy was characterized by______.A .prices controlB .incomes controlC .state interventionismD .privatization37. The British Prime Minister is appointed by______.A .the QueenB .the SpeakerC .the House of CommonsD .the House of Lords38.______ is the highest judiciary officer in Britain.A .The Lord ChancellorB .The Home SecretaryC .The Attorney GeneralD .The Prime Minister39. The well-known Lake District in Britain is located in______.A .north ScotlandB .north-west EnglandC .north WalesD .Northern Ireland40. Which of the following statements is not among the achievements of King Alfred?A .He defeated the Danes and conquered Denmark.B .He translated Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People into English.C .He founded a strong fleet and became known as “ the father of the British navy”.D .He established a number of schools.41. Henry VIII was above all responsible for the______ reform in England.A .militaryB .economicC .socialD .religious42. The______ presides over the House of Commons and enforces the rules of order.A .Prime MinisterB .SpeakerC .Lord ChancellorD .Queen43.______ is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the United Kingdom.A .The High CourtB .The Supreme Court of JudicatureC .The House of LordD .The Court of Appeal44. Around which time period did the Celts start to arrive in Britain?______A .3000 B.C.B .2000 B.C.C .700 B.C.D .500 B.C.45. The death of King______ marked the perishing of Anglo-Saxon England.A .AlfredB .EdwardC .HaroldD .William46. England has been a Protestant country since the reign of______.A .Henry VIIIB .Edward VIC .Mary Tudor D.Elizabeth I47.______ was Britain’s first colony in America.A .PlymouthB .JamestownC .PhiladelphiaD .New York48. In 1838, the London Working Men’s Association put forward a charter of political demands, which was called a “______”.A .Great CharterB .Greater CharterC .People’s CharterD .new Poor Law49. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?______A .microprocessorsB .computersC .biotechnologyD .motor vehicle50. The head of State in Britain is______.A .the king or queenB .Prime MinisterC .ParliamentD .Prince of Wales51. In Great Britain, the______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A .Church of EnglandB .Church of ScotlandC .Church of IrelandD .Church of Wales52. Among the four political divisions of Britain, ______ is the most denselypopulated.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .WalesD .Northern Ireland53. “The Danelaw” refers to the______ part of England which was occupied by the Danes in King Alfred’s time.A .south and eastB .north and eastC .south and westD .north and west54. The hundred years’ war between England and France was declared by______.A .Henry IIIB .Edward IC .Edward IIID .Henry V55.______ was a king that was so enthusiastic about agricultural changes that hegot the nickname “Farmer George”.A .George IB .George IIC .George IIID .George IV56. The end of Britain’s empire was hastened by______.A .World War IB .the Great DepressionC .World War IID .the Korean War57. The Prime Minister in Britain is chairman of the______.A .shadow cabinetB .cabinetC .ParliamentD .Opposition58. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from______.A .the 11th and 12th centuriesB .the 12th and 13th centuriesC .the 14th and 15th centuriesD .the 18th and 19th centuries59. Which of the following statements is not true about St.Augustine?A .He was sent by Pope Gregory I to England.B .He was the first Archbiship of Canterbury.C .He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility.D .One of his greatest achievements was to have converted large numbers of common people in Britain.60. The Black Death spread through Europe in the______ century.A .13thB .14thC .15thD .16th61. There were______ Tudor monarchs who ruled England and Wales and the first one was______.A .4, Henry VB .5, Henry VIIC .6, Henry VIID .7, Henry VIII62. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a______ conspiracy.A .ScottishB .CatholicC .PuritanD .Spanish63. The British Labor Party got its name in_______.A .1893B .1899C .1900D .190664 .The members of______ in Britain have also been known as dissenters ornonconformists.A .the Anglican ChurchesB .the Church of EnglandC .the Roman Catholic ChurchD .the Free Churches65. Which of the following people are not descendants of the Celts ?A .EnglishB .ScotsC .WelshD .Irish66. Which of the following statements is not true about Canute?A .He became King of England in 1016.B .He made England part of a Scandinavian empire.C .He divided power between Danes and Saxons.D .He formulated a legal system in England.67. James I was son of______.A .Mary TudorB .Mary StuartC .Elizabeth ID .Edward VI68. Greater London is divided into 32______ and the City of London.A .districtsB .countiesC .boroughsD .regions69. The largest church of the Free Churches in Britain is______.A .the Baptist ChurchB .the Presbyterian ChurchC .the Methodist ChurchD .the United Reformed Church70. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derive from the gods in______.A .DruidismB .ChristianityC .the Teutonic religionD .Roman Catholicism71. As a transitional period, Renaissance covered the years between______and______.A .1150, 1450B .1250, 1550C .1350, 1650D .1450, 175072.______ is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A .The RenaissanceB .The English ReformationC .The English Civil WarD .the Glorious Revolution73. Which of the following countries was not a member of the “Allies” during World War I?A .BritainB .FranceC .RussiaD .Germany74 .Among the following industrial cities,______ is not based on coalfields.A .LondonB .GlasgowC .EdinburghD .Manchester75. To Scots, the most important festival is______.A .Christmas DayB .New Year’s EveC .EasterD .Whit Sundays that begin with M’, Mc or Mac are______ names.A .EnglishB .WelshC .ScottishD .Irish77. The first Christian church in Britain was established in______.A .LondonB .YorkC .CanterburyD .Bath78. The Magna Carta was signed by King John in______.A .1213B .1214C .1215D .121679. The Petition of Right was also regarded as the______.A .Magna CartaB .General PardonC .Grand RemonstranceD .second Magna Carta80. The British East India Company was established in______.A .1500B .1600C .1700D .180081. The Midlands refers to the area of______.A .central EnglandB .central Lowlands of ScotlandC .North-East EnglandD .North Wales82. By tradition, the Prime Minister of Britain is also First Lord of______.A .the TreasuryB .the Home OfficeC .the Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeD .the Ministry of Defense83. Easter is a Christian festival that celebrates______.A .the birth of ChristB .the resurrection of ChristC .the coming of the Holy Spirit to Christ’s apostlesD .the death of Christ84. The most important river in Britain is______.A .the Severn RiverB .the Thames RiverC .the Mersey RiverD .the Clyde River85. Margaret Thatcher was leader of the______ Party.A .ConservativeB .LaborC .LiberalD .Democratic86. In December 1653, Oliver Cromwell was made______ of the Commonwealth of England.A .KingB .GeneralC .Lord ProtectorD .Lord Chancellor87. There are now______ Roman Catholic provinces in Great Britain.A .5B .7C .9D .1088. Football has its traditional home in______.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .FranceD .Italy89.______ is the most typically English of sports.A .FootballB .RugbyC .CricketD .Horse racing90. King______ was known of his piety as “the Confessor”.A .AlfredB .CanuteC .EdwardD .William91. Henry VIII’ s religious reform began as a struggle for______.A .powerB .a divorceC .equalityD .peace92. In Britain the last stage for a bill to become law as Acts of parliament is called______.A .First and Second ReadingsB .Royal AssentC .Third ReadingD .Committee stage93. The______ are Anglo-Saxons.A .EnglishB .ScotsC .WelshD .Irish94. Which of the following statements is not true about the jury system in the reign of Henry II?A .It was replacing old English ordeals by fire and water and old Norman trials by battle.B .A jury was composed of twelve men.C .The jurors’ function was not only to act as witnesses, but to hear evidences and give verdict.D .It was originated from primitive trials in which witnesses were called forward to swear to the innocence of the accused.95. It was______ that united the Houses of Lancaster and York.A .Edward VB .Richard IIIC .Henry TudorD .John Beaufont96. During the First Civil War of England, the supporters of Parliament werecalled______.A .CavaliersB .RoundheadsC .RoyalistsD .Crusaders97. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from______.A .ManchesterB .LiverpoolC .LondonD .Edinburgh98. England got its name “Angle” land from______.A .the CeltsB .the RomansC .the Germanic conquerorsD .the Danes99. Which city used to be the Roman capital in Britain?A .LondonB .YorkC .BathD .Edinburgh100. Which of the following statements is not true about Henry VII?A .He was said to have murdered Edward V and his brother.B .During his reign he refilled the royal treasury through loans, subsidies, property levies and fines.C .He was able to build up England’s navy and foreign trade.D .He forbade the nobles to keep excessive power.101. The Church of England is not free to change its form of worship without the consent of______.A .ParliamentB .the archbishop of CanterburyC .the archbishop of YorkD .the Queen102. The home of golf is______.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .FranceD .the U.S.A103. Which of the following statements is not true about Elizabeth I?A .Her religious reform was a compromise of views.B .She tried and executed her cousin Mary.C .She was succeeded by her son James VI.D .She enabled England to become a great trading and colonizing country.104. The game “Rugby” got its name from a______.A .townB .countryC .schoolD .person105. Which of the following statements is not true about William the Conqueror?A .He was Duke of Normandy.B .His cavalry was then the finest fighting horsemen in Europe.C .He was Norman.D .He was crowned as King of England at Canterbury.106. Winston Churchill became Prime Minister of Britain in______.A .1930B .1935C .1940D .1945107. The Open University in Britain was founded in______.A .1958B .1969C .1970D .1975108. The Supreme Court of the U.S. consists of one Chief Justice and ____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 10109. During the American Civil War, the army of the North was known as _____.A. the Continental ArmyB. the Confederate ArmyC. the U.S. armyD. the Union Army110．______ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.A. The MidwestB. the Great PlainsC. New EnglandD. The south111. In the U.S., the Senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3B. 4C. 6D. 8112. The Marsh Plan offered economic aid to ______.A. European countriesB. Western European countriesC. Eastern European countriesD. European countries except the Soviet Union1.The statement “A person cannot step into the same river twice.” was said by_____.A. PythagorasB. PlatoC. HeraclitusD. Democtitus2.________ said, “One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing.”A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales3.________ founded the science of logic.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales4.The Republic was written by ___________.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales5.“Question-and-answer” technique was created by _________.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales6.“The Renaissance” was between _________.A. 1500-1700 A.D.B. 1400-1700 A.D.C. 1300-1600 A.D. D. 1400-1600 A.D.7._________ said, “I think; therefore, I am”.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley8.__________ was called the farther of modern Rationalism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley9.________ was called the modern father of Empiricism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley10._________ combined elements of both Rationalism and Empiricism into onenew comprehensive system.A. Immanuel KantB. George HegelC. John RockD. George Berkeley11.________ were mainly interested in love, Nature and art.A. The National RomanticsB. The Universal RomanticsC. The Classical RomanticsD. The contemporary Romantics.12.The British Isles is made up of ________>A.Three large islands and hundreds of small onesB.Two large islands and hundreds of small onesC.Three large islands and dozens of small onesD.Two large islands and dozens of small ones13.The tower of London, located in the center of London, was built by _______.A. King HaroldB. William the ConquerorC. Robin HoodD. Oliver Cromwell14.Between 1337 and 1453 the ______ took place in Britain.A. Wars of RosesB. Black deathC. Hundred Years’ warD. peasants uprising15.In English individualistic culture, one should not bother Englishmen without agood reason and making appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb __________.A. as welcome as a stormB. an Englishmen’ s house is his castleC. don’t wear out your welcomeD. outstay one’s welcome16.Which of the king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II17.Westminster Palace is the ___________.E.seat of British House of ParliamentF.seat of English ChurchG.residence of king and queenH.Residence of Prime MinsterI.18.No. 10 Downing Street is ________.E.Office of British NavyF.Official residence of Prime MinsterG.Seat of English parliamentH.Official residence of King19.The oldest university in Britain is ________.A. Cambridge UniversityB. St. Andrews UniversityC. OxfordD. Edinburgh University20.British English is spoken in _______.A. Great BritainB. AustraliaC. New ZealandD. A,B and C21．The goal of Roosevelt’s New Deal was _________.A. to save the American economic and political systemB. to change the American economic systemC. to weaken monopoly interests in AmericaD. to nationalize banks and financial institutions in America.22．The American Civil War lasted from _______ to _______.A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186723. The American population movement between the end of the civil war and 1880 had much to do with _______.A. the westward movementB. the urbanizationC. the industrializationD. the development of hi-tech industries25. In the U.S., the senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 826. The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.。

英美概况习题13

DO NOT WRITE ON PAPER1. Christianity was first brought to England by______.A. the RomansB. the CeltsC. the Anglo-SaxonsD. the Danes2. The names such as Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday came from______.A. ChristianityB. Teutonic religionC. DruidismD.Catho1icism3. At about 700 BC，______began to arrive in England from eastern and central Europe，now France，Belgium and southern Germany.A. the CeltsB. the Beaker FolkC. the RomansD. the Anglo-Saxons4. ______made a treaty with the Danes allowing them to keep the northern and eastern parts of England，which later became known as the Danelaw.A. King EthelredB. King AlfredC. King EdwardD. King Harold5. Many hundreds of rebels were put to death by______ as he passed triumphantly with an army of 40，000 men through Kent and Essex.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King JohnD. King Edward III6. For electoral purposes Britain is divided into ______ constituencies，each of which has ______ representative(s) in Parliament.A.651，oneB.561，twoC.651，twoD.561，one7. The Wars of the Roses broke out shortly after ______.A. the Black DeathB. the Watt Tyler’s UprisingC. the Hundred Years’ WarD. the Glorious Revolution8. It was during the reign of __ that the name Great Britain came into being in 1707.A.E1izabeth IB. Henry VIIIC. Charles ID. AnneII. True or False.1. The British educational system does not have a national curriculum.2. The author of Pride and Prejudice also wrote Jane Eyre.1。

英美文学选读-英国-文艺复兴时期-练习题汇总（选择大题）

英美文学选读-英国-文艺复兴时期-练习题汇总（选择大题）I．Multiple ChoiceOld and Medieval Period1. ____ Beowulf ___, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A. The Canterbury TalesB. ExodusC. D. The Legend of Good Women3. The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely __ B．Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales____________.A．William Langland’ s Piers PlowmanC．John Gower’s Confession Amantis D．Sir Gawain and the Green Knight2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales1. ____A. B. George Gordon ByronC. Edmund SpenserD. Robert Browning1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell storiesof B. knightly __. knightly _ adventures or other heroicdeeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A .Christian C. Greek D. primitiveThe Neoclassical Period1.With classical culture and the（）humanistic ideascoming into England, the English Renaissance beganflourishing.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD.Greek2. During the reign of ________, England started its ReligiousReformation and broke away from Rome.A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Edward VID.Queen Elizabeth3. The Protestant movement, which was seen as a means to recoverthe purity of the early church from the corruption andsuperstition of the Middle Ages, was initiated by _______.A. Francis BaconB. Martin LutherC. Thomas MoreD.William Shakespeare4. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a seriesof historical events EXCEPT_________.A．the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureB．the vast expansion of British colonies in North America C．the new discoveries in geography and astrologyD．the religious reformation and the economic expansion5. In Renaissance, the European humanist thinkers and scholarsmade attempts to do the following EXCEPT ______.A. getting rid of those old feudalist ideasB. getting control of the parliament and governmentC. introducing new ideas that expressed the interests of therising bourgeoisieD. recovering the purity of the early church, from the corruptionof the Roman Catholic Church6.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance humanism?A. Cultivation of the art of this world and this life.B. Tolerance of human foibles.C. Search for the genuine flavor of ancient culture.D. Glorification of religious faith.7. The Renaissance marks a transition from ______ to the modernworld.A. the old EnglishB. the medievalC. the feudalistD. the capitalist8. The English Renaissance period was an age of ______ .A. poetry and dramaB. drama and novelC. novel and poetryD. romance and poetry9.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is（）.A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism10．__ Humanism ____ is the essence of the Renaissance.A．Poetry B．Drama C． D．Reason11. About the Renaissance humanists which of the followingA. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They thought people were largely subordinated to the rulingclass without any freedom and independence.C. They couldn’t see the human values in their works.D. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importanceof the present life.12. One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is_____.A. the flourishing of the dramaB. the popularity of the realistic novelC. the domination of the classical poetryD. the close-down of all the theatres13. Marlowe’s grea test achievement lies in that he perfectedthe __ blank verse ________and made it the principalmedium of English drama.A. B. free verse C. sonnet D. alliteration14. Marlowe gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “_mightylines _____”.A. lyrical linesB. soft linesC. mighty linesD.religious lines15._______ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England,while _______ brought in blank verse, i.e. the unrhymed iambic pentameter line.A. Wyatt...SurreyB. Wyatt...SidneyC. Surrey...SidneyD. Sidney...Spenser16. It was ________ who first introduced the Petrarchan sonnetinto England.A. CaxtonB. WyattC. SurreyD.Marlowe17. The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by______.A. SurreyB. WyattC. SidneyD. Shakespeare18. In English poetry, a four-line stanza is called ______.A. heroic coupletB. quatrainC. Spenserian stanzaD. terza rima19. Christoph er Marlow’s “The Passiona te Shepherd to HisLove” is a (n) .A. pastoral lyricB. elegyC. eulogyD. epic20.The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England areChristopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and ____________.A．John Milton B．John Bunyan C．Ben JonsonD．Edmund Spenser21. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England areall the following EXCEPT ______.A. Francis BaconB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Ben Jonson22. “Metaphysical Poetry” refers to the works of the 17th -century writers who wrote under the influence of _____.A. John DonneB. Alexander PopeC. Christopher MarloweD. John Milton23.Which of the following is NOT typical of metaphysical poetrybest represented by John Donne’s works?A. Common speech.B. Conceit.C. Argument.D. Refined language.24. All the following poets except ________ belong to the metaphysical school.A. DonneB. HerbertC. MarvellD. Milton25. Spenser’s mas terpiece is The Faierie Queene ______, whichis a great poem of the age.A. The Shepheardes CalenderB.C. The Rape of LucreceD. The Canterbury Tales26.Edmund Spenser’s masterpiece is _____.A. The Shephea red’s CalenderB. The Faerie QueenC. EpithalamionD. The CanterburyTales27.___ Francis Bacon _ is the first important English essayistand the founder of modern science in England.A.Francis BaconB.Edmund SpenserC.William CarxtonD.Sidney28. Francis Bacon is not only the first important essayist butalso the founder of modern ______ in England.A. poetryB. novelC. proseD. science29. ______, the first important English essayist, was also thefounder of modern science in England and one of the representatives of the English Renaissance.A．Christopher Marlowe B．Thomas More C．Francis Bacon D．William Shakespeare30. _____, the first important English essayist, is best knownfor his essays which greatly influenced the development of thisliterary form.A. Charles LambB. Ben JonsonC. Francis BaconD. John Lyly31．Francis Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and ______________.A．complicity B．complexity C．powerfulnessD．mildnessWilliam Shakespeare1. Shakespeare is known to have used _________ different words.His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of theold ones also create striking effects on the reader.A. 16,000B. 1600C.20,000D. 20002. As a Renaissance humanist, Shakespeare ( )A. is against religious persecution and racial discrimination,against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold and money.B. holds that literature should be a combination of beauty,kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. C. gives faithful reflection of the social realities of his time through his works.D. all of the above.3．Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are__ Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth______.A．Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, Hamlet B．Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, The Merchant of Venice C．Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethD．Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Othello, Hamlet 4. Shakespeare’s four great tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, ______and ______.（）A. King Lear...Romeo and JulietB. King Lear…MacbethC. King John...Julius CaesarD.King John…The Merchan t of Venice5.Shakespeare’s tragedies include all the following except （）.A. Hamlet and King LearB. Antony and Cleopatra and MacbethC. Julius Caesar and OthelloD. The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night’s Dream6. In Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies, which of the followingis the typical characteristic the heroes share in common? ( )A. They have a strong lust for power and finally go into incessant crimes.B. They are perfect heroes without any weakness.C. They face the injustice of human life but are never caught in a difficult situation.D. They have a fate which is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.7. As to the great tragedy Hamlet, which of the following is not true? （一）12(浙0301)A. The timeless appeal of this mighty drama lies in its combination of intrigue, emotional conflict and searching philosophic melancholy.B. The bare outline of the play is based on a widespread legend in northern Europe.C. The whole story of the play is created by Shakespeare himself.D. In it, Shakespeare condemns the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption at the royal court.8. ______, the melancholic scholar, prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind.A. OthelloB. MacbethC. HamletD. Antonio9. In Hamlet, the hero’s trouble mainly lies in ( )A. his pride in refusing to acknowledge his mother’s secondmarriageB. his hesitation in carrying out his plan of revengeC. his suspicion that his father was murdered by his uncleD. his ambition to gain quick access to the throne10. ____ Soliloquy ____ is a natural means of writing inrevealing the prince’s inner conflict and psychologicalpredicament in Shakespeare's Hamlet.A．Dialogue B．C．Dramatic monologue D．Satire11.“To be, or not to be - th at is the question;/Whether’ tisnobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows ofoutrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea oftroubles ,/And by opposing end then?” These lines are takenfrom _____.A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD.Hamlet12．“T o be, or not to be—that is the question”is a line takenfrom___________.A．Hamlet B．Othello C．King Lear D．Themerchant of venice13.“To be, or not to be —that is the question；／whether’tis nobler in the mind to suffer，／the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,／Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,／And by opposing end them?” The quoted lines are taken from______.A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD.Hamlet14. _. Macbeth’s ____ lust for power stirs up his ambition andleads him to incessant crimes.A. Othello’sB. Hamlet’sC. Shylock’s D15. _ Othello’s ____ inner weakness is made use of by theoutside evil force.A. Hamlet’sB. Othello’sC. King Lear’sD. Macbeth’s16. About Shakespeare’s romantic comedies, which of thefollowing is true?A. He takes an optimistic attitude toward love and truth.B. The romantic elements are not brought into full play at all.C. He presents the patriotic spirit when engaging intellectualexcitement and emotion.D. There is a wonderful balance of characters.17. About Shakespeare’s romantic comedies, which of the following is not true?A. He takes an optimistic attitude toward love and truth.B. The romantic elements are brought into full play.C. He praises the patriotic spirit when engaging intellectualexcitement and emotion.D. His youthful Renaissance spirit of jollity is fully reflected.18.The most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____.A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. As You Like ItD. Twelfth Night19.It is generally believed that the most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____.A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. As You Like ItC. The Merchant of VeniceD. Twelfth Night20.Here are two lines taken from The Merchant of Venice: “Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew/Thou mak’st thy knife keen.” What kind of figurative device is used in the above lines?（）A. Simile.B. Metonymy.C. Pun.D. Synecdoche.21.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that, If she were by to hear you m ake the offer.”The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A.dramatic ironyB.personificationC.allegoryD.symbolism22.In Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed from Shylock, because ______.A. his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryB. his enterprise went bankruptC. Bassanio was able to pay his own debtD. his ships had all been lost23.The Tempest is a typical example ofShakespeare’s__________view of li fe towards human life and society in his late years.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. satiricalD. none of the above24. As the best of Shakespeare's final romances, ______ is atypical example of his pessimistic view towards human life andsociety in his late years.A. The TempestB. The Winter's TaleC. CymbelineD. The Rape of Lucrece25. Shakespeare’ s ______, an elaborate and fantastic story,is known as the best of his final romances.A. The Winter’s T aleB. The TempestC. The Taming of the ShrewD. Love’ s Labour’ s Lost26. Shakespeare’s ______ are mainly written under theprinciple that national unity under a mighty and just sovereignis a necessity.A. comediesB. tragediesC. history playsD. dark comedies27. Which of the following is William Shakespeare’s historyplay?A. MacbethB. Henry IVC. Romeo and JulietD. King Lear。

THE PARLIAMENT

THE PARLIAMENTSince 11th century ,the king’s power grew greater and greater. During the reign of king John, he often added extra taxes and interfered in the feudal power of the court ,which arouse the resistance of the bishops,the barons and the townsmen. Then they jointed against the king, and forced John signed The Great Charter, which set that the king was not to exact extra payments from feudal vassals without their consent , the king had no right to modify the law and so on . The main purpose was to limit the power of the king. But the king had no tendency to carry out the Charter , on the contrary, he continued to conflict with the barons until Henry succeeded. In the reign of Henry III,he summoned to the Great Council to get the consent for taxation, not only his chief vassals including the clergy, but tow knights from each shire. The membership of Parliament was thus extended. However , like his father, ignoring the Charter , Henry continued to against them. The barons rose up in opposition. Under the leadership of Simon de Montfort,they forced him to accept their own council of adviser. In 1264 Montfort defeated the royal army and took the king prisoner. Then he summoned parliament. Besides the usual lords and churchmen ,it included knights from each country and representatives(2citizens)from each borough. It was the first time that representatives of both the countries and towns were called to attend parliament. The parliament of 1265 which is known as the “All Estates Parliament”,is generally considered the “ beginning of parliament”. Later Edward succeeded, he was engaged in a long war ,which left him in constant need of money. In 1295 he summoned the “all estates parliament” which included more than 400 members. This came to be looked upon as a model for all succeeding ones,and it has been known in history as the “model parliament”.The representatives both from shires and towns were newcomers,humble in position ,and the same interests. Therefore they became known as the “commons”in parliament. They were the representatives of the middle class,or those next below the nobility and higher clergy. But the “all estates parliament” and “model parliament”were feudal representative institution ,it showed that the king became the alliance of exploiting class. Later the common people entered the parliament and the bicameral formed. Until James I succeeded ,the reign of the Stuarts began. The kings who believed the divine right of kings twice dissolved parliament. The dispute between the king and parliament became more and more fierce. Charle refused to accept the conditions that strictly limited the power of the king. The riots developed in many area,at last leading to the revolution in Britain. Finally through “the glorious revolution”, the Whig and Tory united to defeated James II, overthrowing the monarchy. In 1689 parliament achieved a decisive victory expressed in law by the Bill of rights , limiting the power of the crown and safeguarded the powers of parliament. The king and parliament were no longer rivals. They worked together ,as they they had in Henry VII time,but now parliament was the stronger power. The highest authority of the parliament finally fixed in the form of statutory law.。

EnglishLiterature英国文学期末考试卷

英国文学考试复习题：Part I.1. Geoffrey Chaucer is the founder of English ________.A. PoetryB. DramaC. NovelD. Prose2. Percy Bysshe Shelley was a famous __________ poet.A. NaturalistB. RealistC. RomanticistD. Classicist3. Beowulf is the national ________ of Britain.A. balladB. epicC. romanceD. sonnet4. Wuthering Heights is ______________ 's masterpiece.A. Jane AustenB. Emily Bronte C Anne Bronte B George Eliot5. The English Renaissance began in the_____.A. 14th centuryB. 15th centuryC. 16th centuryD. 17th century6. The English Renaissance began during the reign of_____.A. Elizabeth IB. James IC. Henry VIIID. Charles II7. A stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter, rhyming ababbcbcc ic called_____.A. Shakespearean SonnetB. Petrarchan SonnetC. Spenserian StanzaD. Blank V erse8. Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus is a play based on a(n)_____legend.A. GermanB. EnglishC. IrishD. Italian9_____is not Shakespeare’s work.A. HamletB. King LearC. OthelloD. The Faerie Queene10. The Four Greatest Tragedies of Shakespeare’s do not include:A. Romeo and JulietB. HamletC. MacbethD. Othello11._____is not a Metaphysical poet.A. John DonneB. MarloweC. HerbertD. Marvell12._____is not written by John MiltonA. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Beowulf13. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s_____.A. songB. tragedyC. sonnetD. comedy14. English Renaissance Period was an age of_____.A. ballads and songsB. prose and novelsC. essays and journalsD. poetry and drama15. Ode to the Grecian Urn is written by _________ .A. John KeatsB. Walter ScottC. ByronD. Shelley16.Tess of the D’Urbervilles is written by ___________ .A. Charles DickensB. George EliotC. Thomas HardyD. William Thackeray17. Walter Scott has been universally regarded as the founder and great master of _____________.A. the historical novelB. The realistic novelC. the scientific novelD. The gothic novel18. In which poem did Shelley write the following lines: The trumpet of a prophecy! O wind, / If winter comes, can spring be far behind?A. OzymandiasB. A Song: Men of EnglandC. Ode to the West WindD. Queen Mab19. What works of the following were NOT written by Byron?A. Don JuanB. Childe Harold PilgrimageC. CainD. Waverley20. Which of the following poems was written by William Wordsworth?A. The Faerie QueenB. Venus and AdonisC. The PreludeD. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner21. Which of the following poets does not belong to the Lake Poets?A. WordsworthB. SoutheyC. ColeridgeD. Keats22. Which of the following novels, written by Charles Dickens, shows the life experience of the author's youth?A. Great ExpectationB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. Edwin Drood23. Which of the following plays is not the greatest tragedies of Shakespeare?A. King LearB. Twelfth NightC. MacbethD. Othello24. From the following, choose the poem written by William Blake.A. A Red, Red RoseB. The TigerC. Get Up and Bar the DoorD. I Wander Lonely as a Cloud25. The writer of Utopia is _________ .A. Francis BaconB. Thomas WyattC. Thomas MoreD. Philip Sidney26 Along with the fast economic development in the 18th century in England, the British _____ also grew very rapidly.A. bourgeoisB. proletariansC. aristocratic classD. royal family27. The Enlightenment Movement did not advocate_____.A. rationality, reason, order and rulesB. return to the ancient classical worksC. inner feelings of individualsD. universal education28._____is not written by Alexander Pope.A. An Essay on CriticismB. The EssaysC. An Essay on ManD. The Dunciad29. An Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in_____.A. heroic coupletsB. English sonnetC. bland verseD. Italian sonnet30._____by Pope is a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism, exerting great influence upon his contemporary writers in advocating the classical rules and popularizing the neoclassicist tradition in England.A. An Essay on ManB. The DunciadC. The EssaysD. An Essay on Criticism31. In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the_____.A. aristocratic classB. enterprising landlordC .rising bourgeoisie D. hard-working people32. The tone of Jonathan Swift’s novel Gulliver’s Travel is_____.A. sadB. sarcasticC. praisingD. detached33._____has been regarded as “Father of English Novel.”A. Daniel DefoeB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD. Samuel Richardson34. The _____ Period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history, producing the literary giants such as Charles Dickens.A. RenaissanceB. NeoclassicalC. RomanticD. Victorian35. The School for Scandal was written by_____.A. Thomas GrayB. Samuel JohnsonC. Richard B. SheridanD. Daniel Defoe36. _____ is not Thomas Hardy’s work.A. The Mill on the FlossB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Jude the ObscureD. The Mayor of Casterbridge37. “My Last Duchess” is _____.A. a dramatic monologueB. a short lyricC. a novelD. an essay38. Tennyson’s “Ulysses” gets its inspiration from the following works or writers except_____.A. Homer’s OdesseyB. Joyce’s UlyssesC. DanteD. Greek Mythology39. In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend _____ appeared. And it flourished in the 1840s and in the early 1950s.A. romanticismB. naturalismC. realismD. critical realism40. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from_____.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Childe Ha rold’s PilgrimageC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. The Canterbury Tales41.The rhyming scheme adopted in the English epic Beowulf is _________.A) consonant B) assonant C) heroic couplet D) Alliteration42.The theme of Beowulf is manifested in the spirit of ___________.A) Heroism B) Romanticism C) Fatalism D) Determinism42. Beowulf is the national ________ of Britain.A. balladB. epicC. romanceD. sonnet43. The English Renaissance began during the reign of_____.A. Elizabeth IB. James IC. Henry VIIID. Charles II44. A stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter, rhyming ababbcbcc is called_____.A. Shakespearean SonnetB. Petrarchan SonnetC. Spenserian StanzaD. Blank V erse45. Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus is a play based on a(n)_____legend.A. GermanB. EnglishC. IrishD. Italian46._____is not Shakespeare’s work.A. HamletB. King LearC. OthelloD. T he Faerie Queene47. The Four Greatest Tragedies of Shakespeare’s do not include:A. Romeo and JulietB. HamletC. MacbethD. Othello48._____is not a Metaphysical poet.A. John DonneB. MarloweC. HerbertD. Marvell49._____is not written by John MiltonA. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Beowulf50. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s_____.A. songB. tragedyC. sonnetD. comedy51. Which of the following poems was written by William Wordsworth?A. The Faerie QueenB. Venus and AdonisC. The PreludeD. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner52. Which of the following poets does not belong to the Lake Poets?A. WordsworthB. SoutheyC. ColeridgeD. Keats53. Which of the following novels, written by Charles Dickens, shows the life experience of the author's youth?A. Great ExpectationB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. The Tale of Two Cities54. Except being a victory of England over ______, the rout of the fleet “Armada”(Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoie over the declining old feudalism.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Germany55. From the following, choose the poem written by William Blake.A. A Red, Red RoseB. The TigerC. Get Up and Bar the DoorD. I Wander Lonely as a Cloud56. The writer of Utopia is _________ .A. Francis BaconB. Thomas WyattC. Thomas MoreD. Philip Sidney57 Along with the fast economic development in the 18th century in England, the British _____ also grew very rapidly.A. bourgeoisB. proletariansC. aristocratic classD. royal family58. The Enlightenment Movement did not advocate_____.A. rationality, reason, order and rulesB. return to the ancient classical worksC. inner feelings of individualsD. universal education59. English Renaissance was not an age of prose, but Francis Bacon wrote his famous prose work ___________ ..A. An Essay on CriticismB. The EssaysC. An Essay on ManD. The Dunciad60. An Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in_____.A. heroic coupletsB. English sonnetC. bland verseD. Italian sonnetPart II:1. The lyric poem:2. Elegy:3. Ballad:4. Romances:5."Stream of Consciousness":6. Blank verse:7. Sonnet:8. Byronic Hero:9. Alliteration:10. Heroic Couplet:11. Chivalry12. Farce13.Spenserian stanza14. Soliloquy15.Conceit16. Epic:17. Minstrel:18. miracle play19. Stanza20. SatirePart V.I. Write a 200-word essay about Charles Dickens’ no vel, Oliver Twist: 30%1. Who is the hero of the novel? How well does he live his life?2. Why does Dickens end his novel with the final happiness of Oliver Twist?3. Who are responsible for his misfortune?4. Do you think Oliver Twist lives in modern city today?5. Why did Dickens often take children as main characters to describe the society? II. Write a 200-word essay about Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice: 30% 1. Discuss the importance of social class in the novel, especially as it impacts the relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy.2. Analyze how Austen depicts Mr. Bennet. Is he a positive or negative figure?3. Pride and Prejudice is a novel about women who feel they have to marry to be happy. Taking Charlotte Lucas as an example, do you think the author is making a social criticism of her era’s view of marriage?4. Giving special attention to Wickham, Charlotte Lucas, and Elizabeth, compare and contrast male and female attitudes toward marriage in the novel.5. Discuss the relationship between Mrs. Bennet and her children, especially Elizabeth and LydiaIII. Write a 200-word essay about Daniel Defoe’ novel, Robinson Crusoe: 30%1. What are the personal characters of Robinson Crusoe?2. How does Robinson Crusoe set up a new society on the island?3. What example does he set for the later colonists?4. What are the language features in Robinson Crusoe?(Analyzing plot, characterization, theme and language)。

puritan

Puritans
清教徒Βιβλιοθήκη 1、The origin of puritans 2、The understanding of puritans 3、About Thanksgiving Day
The origin of puritans
Europe began its religious Reformation （宗教改革）in the 16th century
• In 1941, the United States congress by President Roosevelt(罗斯福） approved a bill that announced the fourth Thursday in November is Thanksgiving Day in the throughout the country.
When Edward VI came to power, further reformation was carried out. When Mary I (daughter of Henry VIII), who was strongly Catholic, and became the queen, she was determined to reestablish the Catholic faith in England.
约翰· 班扬《天路历程》约翰.弥尔顿
《失乐园》、《复乐园》和《力士参孙》
关于清教徒的电影
1.在1923年拍摄的电影《The Courtship of Myles Standish》中, 再现当年英国清教徒大批移民美洲的艰难旅程。 2.《红字》，根据同名小说改编的电影。反映了当时美国清教徒的生活状态和价值观。

Theater

Oct 20The early Dark Ages were a very busy time for theatre1. True2. FalseEveryman is a play about Martin Luther1. True2. FalseHroswitha was1. The first Priest to sign a trope2. A Nun who wrote plays3. Inventor of the Printing Press4. A Roman GeneralPassion Plays in the middle ages often include graphic sex1. True2. FalseThe Black Death Plague came to Europe in1. Rome2. Marseille3. Wittenberg4. ConstantinopleA TROPE is1. A short playlet2. Living impersonators3. Part of a Pageant Wagon4. Hroswitha’s play about AbrahamA ALLEGORICAL play might include these characters1. Winkin ,Blinkin& Nod2. Death, Lust & Envy3. Matthew, Mark & John4. God, The Devil & JesusMedieval actors traveled with mansions 1 2 0% 0%1. True2. FalseMedieval Drama was primarily secular 1 2 0% 0%1. True2. FalseThe rise of Humanism is a result of1. The Libraries of Constantinople2. Martin Luther3. The Printing Press4. All of the aboveOct 25What play/movie was a big part of the inspiration for Next to Normal1. M. Butterfly2. The Normal Heart3. 94. One Flew over the Cuckoo's NestAccording to the authors of Next to Normal more men than women receive Electro Convulsive Therapy1. True2. FalseDavid Henry Hwang’s new play is titled1. August Osage County2. Chinglish3. Venus in Fur4. Yellow FaceOver half of the dialogue of Chinglish is in Mandarin1. True2. FalseThe play, the Freedom Theatre is presenting is1. Spring Awakening2. While Waiting3. Forgiveness4. The Little Drummer GirlWhere is “While Waiting” performing this week?1. The Guthrie Theatre2. Fisher Theatre3. Columbia University4. Denver CenterOct 27During the Renaissance, three broad categories of theatre came to dominate Europe. Which of the following does not belong?a) Popularb) Fine artc) Humanistd) LiturgicalDuring the Renaissance many people thought ancient Greek plays were entirely sung. This led to what new type of theatre?a) Commedia dell’arteb) Musical comedyc) Ritual tragedyd) Operae) None of the aboveCalderon is one of Spain’s most popular playwrights. His play, _____, is regarded by some as the Hamlet of the Golden Age of Spanish drama.a) FuenteOvejunab) Life is a Dreamc) Dog in a Mangerd) Don QuixoteWhich of the following Elizabethan playwrights wrote an infamous play based on the life of Faust?a) Christopher Marlowb) William Shakespearec) John Websterd) Ben Jonsone) Thomas Kyd_____ is the leading man in the commedia dell’arte.a) Harlequinb) Pantalonec) Scapinod) Ruffianae) InnamorataCommedia dell’arte, though popular throughout all of Europe, has its roots in _____.a) Englandb) Francec) Germanyd) Italye) SpainDuring the Renaissance the Italians invented what type of scene painting?1.Trompe loi2. Perspective3. Oil4. latexDuring the Renaissance some scholars idolized the Romans and Greeks; they rejected the traditional curriculum of theology and instead studied the classical subjects. These scholars were called?a) The Students of Humanitiesb) The Reformation Student Movementc) The Eastern Orthodox Churchd) Humanistse) Autos sacramentalesDuring the Renaissance the theatre turned to Aristotle for laws regarding dramatic structure. Scholars came up with three unbreakable rules, which they called the Unities—a form of “classical correctness.” Which of the following is NOT one of the unities?a) The unity of placeb) The unity of actionc) The unity of tragedyd) The unity of timeIn Shakespeare’s day acting companies were often accused of being vagabonds.a) Trueb) FalseWhich playwright killed an actor but got out of jail by pleadi ng “benefit of clergy?”a) William Shakespeareb) Christopher Marlowec) Ben Jonsond) Thomas Kyde) William PrynneNov 1A common nickname for the Puritans was _____.a) Pinheadsb) Square headsc) Roundheadsd) Hardheadse) KnuckleheadsThis Romantic playwright was also journalist, a painter, a statesman, a poet, a philosopher, a scientist, and the manager of the Duke of Weimar’s playhouse.a) Johann Wolfgang von Goetheb) Shakespearec) Voltaired) Denis Diderote) Friedrich von SchillerThe Enlightenment led to what two new types of theatre?a) New comedy and Old tragedyb) Melodramas and Freedom Skitsc) Anti-comedies and Love storiesd) Barber comedies and wig playse) Domestic tragedies and sentimental comediesHe said that the universal rights of man were as he wrote, “Life, liberty and the pursuit of property.”a) Sir Isaac Newtonb) Thomas Hobbesc) John Locked) Francis Bacone) None of the aboveFrancis Bacon felt there were certain false ap pearances, which he called “idols of knowledge,” and that these were a hindrance to reason. Which of these “idols” is our desire to believe in ideas that are supported merely by pretty rhetoric rather than by logical, empirical reasoning?a) Idols of the tribeb) Idols of the cavec) Idols of the marketplaced) Idols of the theatree) Idols of actingHow did the French playwright Beaumarchais help the United States?a) He taught American playwrights how to write playsb) He lent money to help finance the American Revolutionc) He joined the Boston Tea Partyd) He introduced theatre the United Statese) He was a general in the American Army and fought with WashingtonWhich Enlightenment playwright wrote Nathan the Wise?a) Lessingb) Voltairec) Shakespeared) Denis Diderote) BeaumarchaisNov.3Nathan the wise is the story of the queen of Athens who accuses her son of rape1. True2. FalseThis Enlightenment playwright wrote such plays as The Barber of Seville and its sequel the Marriage of Figaro1. Lessing2. Voltaire3. Shakespeare4. Denis Diderot5. BeaumarchaisEurope around 1800 and characterized by axxxxx interest in nature, as well asan emphasis on the individual’s expression of emotion and imagination. Pascal,the French physicist, mathematician, and philosopher, who said, “The heart has its reasons that reason does not know,” best expressed this:1. Aristotelian Scholasticism2. Naturalism3. Romanticism4. Dadaism5. ExpressionismThe Enlightenment was also called…1. The false Enlightenment2. The time of real thought3. The age of reason4. The synthesis5. Aristotelian ScholasticismThe author of Candide was recognized internationally as a novelist, poet,playwrights, and essayist. Who is he?1. Beaumarchais2. Goethe3. Lessing4. Swift5. VoltaireFrancis Bacon ______ a strong supporter of Aritotelian Scholasticism1. was2. was notDuring the Reign of Terror, _____ was executed by guillotine1. Louis XVI2. Charles I3. Ferdinand II4. Henry VIII5. James IINov. 8The modern theatre has added the elements of ________ and ________ to Aristotle's six elements of the drama1. time, action2. thought, plot3. history, space4. film, televisionThe "action" of the play may be defined to include:1. Physical actions2. Spiritual gestures3. Psychological actions4. All of these choicesSituation structure is characteristic of:1. none of these choices2. melodrama3. absurdist plays4. Epic TheatreFrench psychologist Jean Piaget says we imitate those things that arouse ________ in us.1. ambivalent emotions2. dreams and wishes3. none of these choices4. fear and loathingThe search for the American character is a central theme in the work of:1. Anna Deveare Smith2. Guillermo Gomez- Pena3. Karen Finley4. Robert WilsonThe modern idea of a play's time refers to the length of the performance.1. True2. FalseSamuel Beckett's Rockaby is an example of monodrama.1. True2. FalseThe three basic ways in which plays are organized include climactic, episodic and situational.1. True2. FalseSolo texts and performance art often address issues that would be too melodramatic for the commercial theatre.1. True2. FalseNov. 10Peter Weiss employs the convention of the play-within-the-play to suggest that our world is a(n)a.madhouse.b.funhouse.c.outhouse.d.theatre.The dialogue that begins Shakespeare's Hamlet provides us with information abouta. all of these choices.b. place.c. time.d. action.The convention that the amount of time a play takes is the amount of time the actions of the play would have taken is calleda. The Unity of Action.b. The Unity of Time.c. The Unity of Place.d. all of these choices.Playwrights use simultaneous plots to have one plot comment on the other.1. True2. FalseAccording to the author, in Macbeth, the point of attack happens when:1. the ghost of Banquo appears at a banquet.2. Macbeth encounters three witches.3. Macbeth is made Thane of Cawdor, after defeating an enemy in battle4. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth murder Duncan.A formal prologue, such as the one that begins The Trojan Women is associated with:1. classical exposition.2. none of these choices.3. absurdist exposition.4. modern expositionMetaphor and simile are used to compare similar things.1. True2. FalseAristotle believed that the elements of the play should be concurrent with the time it takes to perform.1. True2. FalseNov 15Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard ends with the sound of:1. carriages pulling away.2. the sound of Firs crying3. a harp string breaking.4. the strokes of an axLanguage is gestic when:1. it employs emphatic movement of the hands2. none of these choices3. it is accompanied by gesticulation4. it conveys the attitude adopted by the speaker.AtoninArtaud is most responsible for the creation of:1. none of these choices.2. Theatre of the Cruelty.3. Epic Theatre.4. Theatre of the AbsurdThe central action in Shephard's Buried Child is the quest for:1. roots and identity2. forgiveness and absolution.3. language and meaning4. hope and redemption.Language in the theatre differs from ordinary speech in that it is:1. stilted and poetic2. arcane and verbose.3. selected and controlled.4. metered and metaphoric.In the plays of Stanislavski, what people do is often more important than what they say.1. True2. FalseThe Three Sisters was written by Anton Chekhov.1. True2. FalseA sign has a direct physical relationship to its referent.1. True2. FalseNov 29A costume designer featured in the video1. Peggy Eisenhauer2. Jess Goldstein3. David Korins4. Derek McLane5. Carrie Robbins6. Howard ShermanA scenic designer featured in the video1. Peggy Eisenhauer2. Jess Goldstein3. David Korins4. Derek McLane5. Carrie Robbins6. Howard ShermanA lighting designer featured in the video1. Peggy Eisenhauer2. Jess Goldstein3. David Korins4. Derek McLane5. Carrie Robbins6. Howard ShermanThe first step in designing1. Research2. Read the script3. Visual images4. renderingsNormally the first designer to meet with the director1. Costume2. Lighting3. Scenic4. SoundWhat play did Susan Hilferty use as an example of a play she might design many times in her career1. Hamlet2. Into the Woods3. HeddaGabler4. Midsummers NightDreamAccording to David Gallo which design discipline has been most effected by technology1. Scenery2. Costume3. Lighting4. SoundDec 1The following are all character traits that a costume can show except1. occupation2. age3. wealth4. talentIn a costume shop the person who makes the patterns is called1. stitcher2. draper3. costume designer4. directorA costume designer makes decisions about the costumes for the play based on the director's1. concept2. height3. talent4. personal styleThe term CONCEPT is defined as:1.the central idea that focuses the director's interpretation of the play2. the birth of a show3. another term for script4. playwright's themeA costume designer can use _____________ to show an imbalance in a character's personality.1. symetrical lines2. asymetrical linesA costume designer can use the following colors to identify a person as royalty.1. yellow2. purple or red3. black4. pinkA costume can help show facts about the world of the play, except for:1. year2. location3. season4. length of the play Dec 6。

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In the reign of Henry II (1154-1189) the king carried out a series of events that brought about radical changes in system of royal courts and a law common to all of England. The movement started with an implementation of the royal claim to ownership of all the land in England在亨利二世登基的时候(1154-1189国王进行了一系列的事件,彻底改变了系统中的王室法庭和律师共同所有的英格兰。

运动实现了皇家对所有权的要求所有的土地在英格兰Types and numbers of the writs — Register of WritsCouncil determined the types of writs that could be issued◆Functions of writsRemoval of the administration of justice from communal (local) and seignorial courts toward central administration of justice;Chief source were land cases.类型和编号的令状,请即登记的身上理事会的类型,确定可令状发行◆令状的功能切除的司法(局部)从公共和seignorial向中央司法法院;主要来源是土地的病例。

Keeping the division of advocacy and counseling has always been a tradition in England. Barristers: Barristers have the sole right to appear in the higher courts—Crown courts, High Court, Court of Appeal, and House of Lords. Barristers do not deal directly with lay clients, but only with solicitors.Solicitors: Solicitors perform the counselling function and may appear in lesser courts. 保持宣传和咨询的划分一直是一个传统在英格兰。

律师:律师有独家权利courts-Crown出现在高等法院、高等法院、上诉法庭、的上议院。

律师不直接处理,但只有躺客户律师。

律师:律师执行咨询功能,可能会出现在较小的法院。

ELEMENTS OF NEGLIGENCE1. The Duty of Care and its BreachCentral to the tort of negligence is the concept of a duty of care. This concept arises from the notion that if we are to live in society with other people, some actions can be tolerated and some can not; some actions are right and some are wrong; and some actions are reasonable and some are not. The basic principle underlying the duty of care is that people are free to act as they please so long as their actions do not infringe on the interests of others.Eg: Donoghue v StevensonOn the evening of Sunday 26 August 1928 May Donoghue, née M’Alister and a friend took their seats in the Wellmeadow Café in the town's Wellmeadow Place. They were approached by the café owner, Francis Minchella, and Donoghue's friend ordered and paid for a pear and ice and an ice-cream drink. The owner brought the order and poured part of a bottle of ginger beer into a tumbler containing ice cream. onoghue drank some of the contents and her friend lifted the bottle to pour the remainder of the ginger beer into the tumbler. It was claimed that the remains of a snail in a state of decomposition plopped out of the bottle into the tumbler. Donoghue later complained of stomach pain and her doctor diagnosed her as having gastroenteritis. She also claimed to have suffered emotional distress as a result of the incident.On 9th April 1929, Donoghue brought an action against David Stevenson, an aerated water manufacturer in Paisley, in which she claimed £500 as damages for injuries sustained by her through drinking ginger beer which had been manufactured by the defendant.星期天晚上8月26日1928年5月,'Alister nee完成和一个朋友坐在咖啡馆在Wellmeadow 镇上Wellmeadow的地方。

他们走近,弗朗西斯Minchella咖啡馆的主人,多纳的朋友订购支付一个梨和冰和一个冰激凌喝。

业主带来了秩序,把一部分一瓶姜汁啤酒到所有含冰淇淋。

多纳喝了一些内容和她的朋友举起瓶子倒剩下的姜汁啤酒进玻璃杯。

据报道,一只蜗牛的遗体在一个州的分解麦迪扑通一声把玻璃杯瓶子里。

多纳后来抱怨腹痛和她的医生诊断她有胃肠炎。

她还声称受到情感上的压力由于此次事件。

在1929年4月,多纳9th提起了诉讼,对阵大卫?史蒂文森在佩斯汽水制造商,她声称￡500年作为损害赔偿她通过喝水,受伤人员的姜汁啤酒所制造的被告。

2．reasonable person standard(正常人的标准)3 Hand's risk calculusThree requirements for an effective gift1 delivery2 donative intent3 acceptance1. MISLAID PROPERTYProperty that has been voluntarily placed somewhere by the owner and then inadvertently forgotten is mislaid property. Suppose you go to the theater and leave your glasses at the concession stand. The glasses are mislaid property, and the theater owner is entrusted with the duty of reasonable care for the goods. When mislaid property is found, the finder does not obtain title to the goods. Instead, the owner of the place where the property was mislaid becomes the caretaker of the property, because it is highly, likely that the true owner will return.1。

错失财产财产,放在已经自愿由业主的地方,然后无意中忘记是错失的财产。

假如你去剧院,离开你的眼镜在小卖部。

眼镜错失的财产,剧院老板委托承担合理关心这批货。

错失财产被发现,这个发现者不能获得对货物的所有权。

相反,业主的地方变得乙方财产错失的财产,因为它是高效、可能的真正拥有者就会回来。

2. LOST PROPERTYProperty that is involuntarily left is lost property, A finder of lost property can claim title to the property against the whole world, except the true owner. If the true owner demands that the lost property be returned, the finder must return it. If a third party attempts to take possession of lost property from a the third party cannot assert a better title than the finder.When a finder knows who the true owner of the property is and fails to return the property to that person, the finder is guilty of a tort known as conversion. Finally, many states require the finder to make a reasonably diligent search to locate the true owner of lost property.、2。