生命科学概论论文

生命科学概论论文

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日期:2012-11-1

题目：生命科学发展在人类社会发展过

程中的作用

摘要：自从有了人类，就有了生命科学。可以说是人类的发展给生命科学的诞生创造了机会，但是同时，生命科学的不断发展又在人类社会的发展和进步中起到了弥足轻重的作用。早期对于生物的观察既是生命科学的开始，也是对生命现象研究的开端。达尔文在观察和试验中发现的“物竞天择，适者生存”的自然法则，为我们解释了人类以及生物界的进化理论和方式；施来登和施旺在分别研究植物和动物体结构的基础上，提出的“一切生物都是由细胞和细胞产物所构成的”重要学说，使生物学的研究进入到了细胞学的水平，对人类的研究起到重大作用；现代生物学中的克隆技术、干细胞培养技术，更是生命科学高速发展的体现，也是生命科学技术对人类贡献的体现。进入新世纪以来，生命科学与技术不断地给人类生活带来巨大的变化。目前，人类已经可以通过转基因技术得到更加高效的药物、高产抗逆的作物品种以及其他工业生产过程中所需的工程菌种等；人类可以通过核移植技术实现动物的无性生殖即动物克隆；干细胞技术为人类器官移植等医疗领域开辟了广阔的应用前景；现代生命科学在医药卫生、粮食与食品安全、生态安全、新能源、资源与环境保护等各领域都将发挥越来越重要的作用.于是,大力发展生物技术及其产业已成为世界各国经济发展的战略重点，所以对于生命科学的研究依然任重道远。

Abstract: Since having the mankind, have life science. Can say is human to the development of life science has created opportunities, but at the same time, the continuous development of the life sciences and in the human social development and progress plays a rare role. In early days for biological observation is the life sciences begin, but also on the phenomena of life the beginning of the study. Darwin in observation and experiment is found in the " survival of the fittest in natural selection, survival of the fittest " laws of nature, as we explain human and biological evolution theory and the way; Schleden and Schwann in study of plant and animal body structure foundation, proposed " all creatures are composed of cells and cell products. " important theory, make biology

research into cytological level, for human studies play an important role in modern biology; cloning, stem cell culture technology, is the rapid development of life science embodiment, also is the life science and technology on the human contribution to reflect. Since entering new century, life science and technology unceasingly to human life brought about tremendous changes. At present, the human has been through transgenic technology has more efficient drugs, stress resistance and high yield varieties of crops and other industrial production process required engineering strain; humans can by nuclear transplantation of animal cloning technology to realize that animal cloning; stem cell technology for human organ transplant medical field opens up a broad application prospect; modern Life Science in medicine and health, food security, ecological security, new energy, resources and environmental protection and other fields will play more and more important role. So, energetically developing biotechnology and its industry has become the economic development of countries in the world focus on strategy, so for the life science research is still a long way to go.

关键词：生命科学科学技术革命人类社会

Keywords: Life Science ; Revolution of science and technology ; Human society

正文:

一、生命科学的产生和发展

自从有了人类，就有了生命科学。早期的度生物的观察即使生命科学的开始，也是对生命现象研究的开端。后来人们对生物学的兴趣从简单观察转向了实际应用，例如对动植物的驯化和饲养，但是这些观察和应用的目的都是为了满足人类自身对食物和住所的实际需求，而并非有意识的探索。由此可见，生命科学是在人类的生活实践中自发产生的。其中早期最为引人瞩目的生物学研究者希腊哲学家亚里士多德（公元前384—322年），他对生物体进行了大量的观察，深刻地揭示了许多自然现象。他研究了多种水生生物的生命史和自然史以及鸡的胚胎