介词讲义完整版

介词

一，介词的分类

1.简单介词，是指单个的介词

如：in, on, at, on, to, with等

2.合成介词，是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词

如：into, onto, without, inside

3.短语介词，是指一个或两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合，在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短语

如：instead of 代替because of因为

according to按照in front of 在...的前面

二，表示时间的介词

1.at表示具体的时间点

如：at eight o’clock

联想：at构成的固定短语：

at first首先at least至少

at present目前at noon在中午

at the age of在...岁时at the moment在目前，现在

at the same time同时at school 在上学

at the end of在。。。末

如：In some western countries shops are closed___________ weekends.

2.in用于年，月，季节，上午，下午，晚上等。

in March在三月in spring在春天

in 2008在2008年in the morning/afternoon/evening

注意：in表示在某一季节或某一月份时，一般不加冠词，但季节和月份的意义一旦具体化，就要加定冠词the。

如：The weather is a little in May.

An earthquake happened in Sichuan in the May of 2008.

In summer children are happy because they can swim.

联想：in构成的固定短语：

hand in上交in fact事实上

in surprise吃惊地in search of寻找

in public当众in the end最后，终于

in no time立刻，马上in a minute立刻，马上

in front of在...前面in a word一句话，总而言之

in good health身体健康的do well in在...方面干的不错

be interested in对...感兴趣in common共同的

show great interest in对。。。感兴趣

in the last/past several years在过去的几年里

3.表示具体的某一天或某一天的早晨，晚上等，用on。

如：In the morning I often get up at six o’clock but________Sunday morning, I get up at seven.

A traffic accident happened near our school _________ the night of May 2nd, 2014.

联想：on构成的固定短语：

on board乘坐（车，飞机）on duty值班，值日

on earth到底on fire着火

on foot 步行on hire雇佣

on holiday度假on time按时

be on show展览on the right在右边

on the other hand另一方面 a book on history一本关于历史的书

on one’s way to在某人去...的路上

4.表示时间的since, for, by, during, until

(1)since（自从）后跟具体的过去时间，for后接一段时间。for和since短语所在的句子应用现在完成时，谓语动词要用延续性动词。

如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2000.

We have lived in the city for about five years.

(2)by+时间点，意为“到...为止”，如果by后面跟的是将来的时间点，用一般将来时或将来完成时，如果by后面跟一个过去的时间点，用过去完成时。

如：I will finish eating by nine o’clock.

By the end of last week, we had finished learning Unit5.

(3)during+时间段，与延续性动词连用，表示某期间的动作。

如：She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for London Olympic Games.

(4)until+时间点，意为“道...为止”，句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词，构成句型not...until直到...才

如：We stayed there until the sunset.

We didn’t go home until the sunset.

(5)表示时间前后的before, after

before在...之前，after在...之后

如：We must hand in our homework before class.

After half past eleven we can relax ourselves.

注意：before作为介词，还可以表示“面临，面对”

如：What should you do before so many difficulties?

I had nothing to say before her.

三．表示方位，地点，行为对象等的介词

1.表示方位的介词in, to, on

in表示包含关系，意为“在。。。范围内”，on表示相邻关系，接壤；to表示相隔关系。

如：China is________ the east of Asia.

Japan is ________ the east of China.

Russia is ________ the north of China.

2.表示“上下”等方位的介词over, under, above, below, on

(1)over在。。。正上方，其反义词为under