介词讲义完整版

介词一，介词的分类1.简单介词，是指单个的介词如：in, on, at, on, to, with等2.合成介词，是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词如：into, onto, without, inside3.短语介词，是指一个或两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合，在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短语如：instead of 代替because of因为according to按照in front of 在...的前面二，表示时间的介词1.at表示具体的时间点如：at eight o’clock联想：at构成的固定短语：at first首先at least至少at present目前at noon在中午at the age of在...岁时at the moment在目前，现在at the same time同时at school 在上学at the end of在。

末如：In some western countries shops are closed___________ weekends.2.in用于年，月，季节，上午，下午，晚上等。

in March在三月in spring在春天in 2008在2008年in the morning/afternoon/evening注意：in表示在某一季节或某一月份时，一般不加冠词，但季节和月份的意义一旦具体化，就要加定冠词the。

如：The weather is a little in May.An earthquake happened in Sichuan in the May of 2008.In summer children are happy because they can swim.联想：in构成的固定短语：hand in上交in fact事实上in surprise吃惊地in search of寻找in public当众in the end最后，终于in no time立刻，马上in a minute立刻，马上in front of在...前面in a word一句话，总而言之in good health身体健康的do well in在...方面干的不错be interested in对...感兴趣in common共同的show great interest in对。

感兴趣in the last/past several years在过去的几年里3.表示具体的某一天或某一天的早晨，晚上等，用on。

如：In the morning I often get up at six o’clock but________Sunday morning, I get up at seven.A traffic accident happened near our school _________ the night of May 2nd, 2014.联想：on构成的固定短语：on board乘坐（车，飞机）on duty值班，值日on earth到底on fire着火on foot 步行on hire雇佣on holiday度假on time按时be on show展览on the right在右边on the other hand另一方面 a book on history一本关于历史的书on one’s way to在某人去...的路上4.表示时间的since, for, by, during, until(1)since（自从）后跟具体的过去时间，for后接一段时间。

for和since短语所在的句子应用现在完成时，谓语动词要用延续性动词。

如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2000.We have lived in the city for about five years.(2)by+时间点，意为“到...为止”，如果by后面跟的是将来的时间点，用一般将来时或将来完成时，如果by后面跟一个过去的时间点，用过去完成时。

如：I will finish eating by nine o’clock.By the end of last week, we had finished learning Unit5.(3)during+时间段，与延续性动词连用，表示某期间的动作。

如：She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for London Olympic Games.(4)until+时间点，意为“道...为止”，句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词，构成句型not...until直到...才如：We stayed there until the sunset.We didn’t go home until the sunset.(5)表示时间前后的before, afterbefore在...之前，after在...之后如：We must hand in our homework before class.After half past eleven we can relax ourselves.注意：before作为介词，还可以表示“面临，面对”如：What should you do before so many difficulties?I had nothing to say before her.三．表示方位，地点，行为对象等的介词1.表示方位的介词in, to, onin表示包含关系，意为“在。

范围内”，on表示相邻关系，接壤；to表示相隔关系。

如：China is________ the east of Asia.Japan is ________ the east of China.Russia is ________ the north of China.2.表示“上下”等方位的介词over, under, above, below, on(1)over在。

正上方，其反义词为under如：There is a football under the desk.I looked up and saw a plane flying over my head.(2)above表示“在。

上方”，非垂直关系, 其反义词为below如：The plane is flying above the clouds.(3)on在。

之上，指两者表面接触。

其反义词也为under3.表示“前后”的介词和短语介词（1）in front of 在。

前面，指在范围之外的前面，和before意义接近。

如：There are some bikes in front of the teaching building.(2)behind是in front of 的反义词，意为“在。

后面”(3)in the front of表示在范围之内的前面，其反义词组是at the back of4.by, beside在。

旁边；between在两者之间, among在三者及以上之间（1）by和beside意义相近如：Do you know the man who is standing by the window?Lucy sits beside me. She is my deskmate.(2)between指两者之间，也表示三者或多者中的每两者之间；among指三个或三个以上的事物或人之间。

注意：between表示两者之间，只要构成双方关系，就可以用between如：There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to move between them. 教室里有这么多张课桌，几乎没有空间从它们中间穿过。

5.across, through穿过across从表面穿过，through穿越，穿透，透过，指从物体内部穿过。

如：(1)When you go________ the road, you must be careful.(2)Which river runs________ Shanghai?(3) --I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in________ the window.--It’s dangerous to do that.A. inB. throughC. overD. to6.表示里外的in, inside, into, onto, out of, outside(1)in在。

之内如：My keys are in my pocket.注意：外来物“在树上”，用in，树上结出的东西“在树上”，用on如：There are some birds________ the tree.Autumn comes and some red apples________ the apple trees come into people’s eyes.(2)inside在。

里面，到。

里面。

反义词为outside如：Listen！Someone is talking in a low voice inside the door.Don’t stay outside.(3)into到。

内。

强调空间或状态的转换。

反义词为out of如：Why not go into the house and have a look?He looked out of the window and saw some people coming back from work.注意: out of 还有“脱离，失去”等意义。

如: He has been out of work for long.Fish can’t live long out of water.7.表示“靠近”的near, next to, aroundnear在。

附近next to在。

旁边around在。

周围如：There is a park near our neighborhood.I didn’t remember to phone until near the end of the week.The mouse is next to my computer.That patient is next to death.The flowers and applause(掌声) are always around the winners.注意：around 还表示“大约”，同义词：about如：It was around/about twelve o’clock in the evening.8.表示运动方向的for, to, towards(1)for常接在leave，start等动词之后，表示运动的方向或目的地。