高中英语定语从句详解

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高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ、概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。

先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。

(3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。

关系词得作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。

常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语)可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose,The student who answered the question was John、Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适得关系词。

Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。

(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语)2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now?3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语)4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about?5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语)7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、= Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。

高中英语所有定语从句考点总结

高中英语所有定语从句考点总结

高中英语所有定语从句考点总结定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词:在从句中做 主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。

He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略) 2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。

完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中英语的重点知识,也是高考常考点。

本文将主要讲解关系代词引导的定语从句,并解释关系副词引导的定语从句,包括判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容,并提供例题讲解。

定语从句在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。

通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who。

whom。

whose。

that。

which等。

它们代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

例如,当先行词是人时,可以使用who或whom作为关系代词。

如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(他就是你想见的人吗?)关系代词在从句中作主语。

而当先行词是物时,可以使用which或that作为关系代词。

如:The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.(你拿的包快散了。

)关系代词在从句中作宾语。

除了who。

whom。

whose。

that。

which,还有关系副词when。

where。

why等。

关系副词引导的定语从句也可以修饰一个名词或代词。

例如:I still remember the day when we met.(我仍然记得我们相遇的那一天。

)关系副词when在从句中作时间状语,修饰先行词day。

总之,掌握定语从句的用法和关系词的选择是英语研究的重要内容。

通过不断的练和实践,相信大家可以掌握这一技能。

关系副词可以代替时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

例如,关系副词when。

where。

why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。

比如,有时候我们必须屈服,这是任何人都会遇到的情况(There are ns when [on which] one must yield)。

高中英语语法定语从句总结

高中英语语法定语从句总结

定语从句总结先行词为人时:关系代词从句中缺主语时,who;that;不能省略从句缺宾语,who; that ;whom,可省略;(介词后只能跟whom)从句缺定语指代’s ,whose先行词为物时:关系代词从句缺主语时,which;that;不能省略从句缺宾语时,which;that;可省略;(介词后只能跟which)从句缺定语指代’s,whose先行词为时间:从句缺时间状语时,关系副词when(也可prep+which)从句缺主语宾语时,which;that先行词为地点:从句缺地点状语时,关系副词where(也可prep+which)从句缺主语宾语时,which;that先行词为reason:从句缺缘由状语时,why / for which从句缺主语宾语时,which;that非限制性定语从句(带,的定语从句)1.As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.2.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.(which 指代前面这个事)3. He keeps a diary, which everybody knows.(which 指代know的宾语)(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,which不行。

(2)as常带有“正如”的意思As we know , smoking is harmful to one's health. As is know n, smoking is harmful to one's health. It is known that smoking is harmful. (主语从句) (3)the same… as;such…as 中的as 是固定结构,I have got into the same trouble as he (has).特殊说明:1常考名词的定语从句:case,point,stage,situation;定语从句中主语宾语齐全用where;定语从句中缺主语宾语用which或that2 way做先行词,定语从句中的关系词用that; in which;不填3 用逗号隔开,起补充说明作用的非限制限制性定语从句,无论先行词是什么,都不用that4 众所周知:As is known(to all),…It is known (to all)that5 正如As was reported, (It was reported that)As was announced,As was expected,As we planned,As can be seen,只能用that, 不能用which引导定语从句的状况a)不定代词,如:anything,nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时Finally, the thief handed everythingthat he had stolen to the police.b) the only, the very, the just修饰先行词时He is the very man that helped thegirl out of the water.c)先行词为序数词(the first, the last)数词、形容词最高级时The first English book that heHad read was "Gone with the wind"d)先行词既有人,又有物时He talked about the teachers andschools that he visited.e)关系代词在从句中做表语He is not the man that he used to be.。

英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结

英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结

英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用。

在高中英语学习中,掌握定语从句的使用方法和规则对于提高语言表达能力和理解能力非常关键。

本文将对高中英语定语从句的知识点进行归纳总结。

一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一个句子,它修饰一个名词或代词,用来给出更多的信息,进一步描述或限定该名词或代词的特定内容。

定语从句可以用来修饰人、事、物、地点等。

它在句子中的作用是为主句提供更多的信息,使句子更具体、更有表达力。

二、定语从句的引导词1.关系代词:定语从句中常用的关系代词有:- 人:who,whom,whose- 物:which,that,whose- 人或物:as,where,when2.关系副词:定语从句中常用的关系副词有:- 地点:where- 时间:when- 原因:why三、定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系代词/副词 + 主句。

其中,关系代词或副词在定语从句中担任主语、宾语、表语或定语的作用。

四、定语从句的几个常见类型1.限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行进一步的限定,它的信息是先行词不可或缺的一部分。

限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词that,也可使用which或who。

例子:The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。

2.非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行附加说明,它的信息只是对先行词的附加补充,可以省略而不影响句子的整体意思。

非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词which,也可使用who。

例子:The weather, which was sunny and warm, made our picnic very enjoyable.天气晴朗温暖,使得我们的野餐非常愉快。

高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解

高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解

定语从句一定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后.2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who,whom,whose, as等;关系副词有when,where,why等The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.注意:弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键.二关系代词引导的定语从句1。

who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way。

昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

That is the teacher who teaches us physics。

那就是教我们物理的老师。

2。

whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。

Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see。

李明正是我想要见的男孩。

The professor (whom)you are waiting for has come。

你正在等的教授已经来了。

The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor。

老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。

3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys。

足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。

高中英语定语从句详解绝对经典课件

高中英语定语从句详解绝对经典课件

A. which
B. who
C. when
由Which 引导的定语从句,在句中做主语\ 宾语
14. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which
Байду номын сангаас
B. that
C. what
15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____
( 宾语 )
1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别. ① who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker. 分解
The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
可省略
This is a truck which / that is made in
China.
作主语
I like the book (which / that) you bought
yesterday.
作宾语
3. 只能用that的情况
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
found.
A. which
B. who C. what
that
12、The room in ___ there are many books is
mine. 介词提前时只能用 which
A. that
B. who C. which
13、This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday.

高中英语语法复习——定语从句(共45张ppt)

高中英语语法复习——定语从句(共45张ppt)

2、先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或 者代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常 置于它所修饰的成分之后。
eg: The boy who is playing basketball is my younger brother.
3、关系词:引导定语从句的关联词就叫关系 词。
A. 把从句和主句中被修饰的先行词连接在 一起.
2. I think the day will finally come______ air pollution can be put under control. A. that B. which C. when D. as
3. This is the store______ we visited the famous shop assistant. A. where B. there C. that D. which
结构分析: 系词所指代的先行词在句中作 know的宾语。
4. I don’t like the way _____ you speak to her. A. / B. that C. in which D. all A, B and C
特别注意!(5)
在实践中会遇到很多形似定语从句的句子,要 注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别, 能够正确区分使用它们.
couldn’t be found.
A. that
B.where C. in which D. in that
The places couldn’t be found.可知关 系词所指代的先行词在句中作主语。
结构分析:
3. This is the reason ______ he has always been eager to know for these years. A. which B. why C. for which D. because He has always been eager to know the reason for these years.可知关

高中英语语法讲解定语从句课件(共53张PPT)

高中英语语法讲解定语从句课件(共53张PPT)

关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl her we saw
yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
1.that 与which
1.This is the best TV _______ that is made in China. that he 2.The first museum _______ visited in China was the History Museum.
先行词被形容词最高级 或序数词修饰时,引导 定语从句多用that 。
引导定语从句用that .
1.that 与which 1.Who that _______ you have ever
know can do it better ?
Who做先行词时, 引导定语从句用 that
1.that 与which
1.Her bag, in ________ which she put all her money, has been stolen. which she 2.This is the ring on ________ spent 1000 dollars. 3.Xiao Wang , with ________ I went whom to the concert, enjoy it very mue is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him 2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as

高中英语语法-定语从句详解(共111张PPT)

高中英语语法-定语从句详解(共111张PPT)

her The girl we saw
yesterday is Mary.
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
her The girl we saw
yesterday is Mary.
Join the following sentences:
哪个关联词
句子结构分析 各种从句的区别 关联词的选用
句子成分&结构
句子结构分析
抓主干
1. I like popular music. 2. The girl laughed in her room. 3. The plane crashed and killed all 200
people aboard. 4. He was adopted when he was 13. 5. We offered him our congratulations. 6. I can’t stand staying at home all day
• Have you seen the film Titanic, _____ leading actor is world famous?
A. its
B. it’s
C. whose
D. which
which
• China is an ancient country of civilization which has a history of more than 5, 000 years.
our school.
1. Women often go shopping.
2. I have worked hard on my English for quite a few years.

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法定语从句是英语中常见的一种从句。

它用来对主句中的名词或代词进行修饰和限定,使语言更加精确和具体。

本文将对高中英语中关于定语从句的用法进行归纳总结。

一、定语从句的概念定语从句是一个以关系词引导的从句,修饰或限定前面的名词或代词,起到进一步解释、补充信息的作用。

关系词包括:who、whom、which、whose、that等。

二、定语从句的引导词1. 关系代词who指代人,whom在从句中做宾语,which指代物,可以指代整个主句或从句中的一个成分,that既可以指人也可以指物。

2. 关系副词where表示地点,when表示时间,why表示原因。

三、定语从句的位置1. 当修饰主句中的主语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之后。

例句:The boy who is playing football is my brother.(正在踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。

)2. 当修饰主句中的宾语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之后。

例句:I bought a book which was written by J.K. Rowling.(我买了一本J.K.罗琳写的书。

)3. 当修饰主句中的宾语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之前。

例句:I saw the girl whom I met yesterday.(我看到了昨天遇到的那个女孩。

)四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句用来对名词进行修饰和限定,如果去掉不影响主句的完整性。

被从句修饰的名词不能省略。

例句:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(昨天我买的那本书非常有趣。

)2. 非限制性定语从句用来对名词进行陈述和补充说明,去掉会影响句子的意思和完整性。

被从句修饰的名词可以省略。

例句:Tom, who is a doctor, works in a hospital.(汤姆是个医生,在一家医院工作。

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法及常见引导词

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法及常见引导词

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法及常见引导词定语从句是高中英语语法中的一个重要部分,它能够用来修饰名词或代词。

本文将对定语从句的用法及常见引导词进行系统的归纳和总结。

一、定语从句的概念和作用定语从句由一个句子引导另一个句子,它的作用是为主句中的名词或代词提供限定信息,进一步描述或解释主句中的内容。

定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。

二、定语从句的引导词1. 关系代词:关系代词用于引导定语从句,并在从句中充当主语、宾语或介词宾语。

常见的关系代词有:who、whom、whose、which、that等。

例如:The boy who is standing over there is my brother.(那个站在那边的男孩是我弟弟。

)2. 关系副词:关系副词用于引导定语从句,修饰地点、时间或原因等。

常见的关系副词有:where、when、why等。

例如:This is the place where we met last time.(这是上次我们见面的地方。

)三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行限定,如果去掉它,主句的意思就不完整,从句不能省略。

例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。

)2. 非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行补充或说明,如果去掉它,主句的意思仍然完整,从句用逗号隔开。

例如:Tom, who is my best friend, will come to my birthday party.(汤姆,我的好朋友,会来参加我的生日派对。

)四、定语从句的位置定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后,可以放在句首、句中或句末。

例如:The woman who is talking to the teacher is my mother.(正在和那个老师谈话的女人是我妈妈。

高中英语定语从句讲解

高中英语定语从句讲解
3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US.
第十七页,共43页。
4.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。
I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书,这是昨天买的。
第十四页,共43页。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形 式
不用逗号“ ,”与主句 隔开
用逗号“ ,”与主句隔开
是先行词不可缺少的定 意 语,如删除,主句则失 义 去意义或意思表达不完

只是对先行词的补充说明, 如删除,主句仍能表达完整 的意思。
译 译成先行词的定语: 法 “……的 ”
This is my pair of glasses, ___w_i_t_h_o_uwt hich I cannot see clearly.
第二十五页,共43页。
Part Ⅴ
as与which 引导定语 从句的区别
第二十六页,共43页。
as和which的区别
as和which都可以代指前面的先行词或整个句子,在 从句中作主语,或用作及物动词的宾语,如,
6. This is the park _w_h_e_r_e/_in__w_h_ic_h_you took photos last Sunday.
7. That was the reason__w_h_y_/f_or__w_h_ichhe looked old.
第七页,共43页。
PartⅡ
通常只能使用that或 which的场合
3.I live in the house ____w_h_o_se__windows face south. 4.He is such a person_____a_s __we like very much.

高中英语语法:定语从句深层讲解(含四部分)

高中英语语法:定语从句深层讲解(含四部分)

定语从句讲解一、详细的定语从句讲解定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。

状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。

名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

(一)限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。

而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导(二)非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

高中英语定语从句详解

高中英语定语从句详解

高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ. 概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。

(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用的关系代词(在从句中作主语,宾语, whose 可做定语)that、which、who、whom、whose、as;常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、where定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法:●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。

(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)2. You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语)●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,如:1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语)2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语)●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人. whom: 宾格,在从句中作宾语; 只可指人. whose: 属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的引导词和结构

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的引导词和结构

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的引导词和结构定语从句是英语语法中的重要部分,用来修饰名词或代词。

在高中英语学习中,了解定语从句的引导词和结构对于理解和运用定语从句至关重要。

本文将对高中英语知识点进行归纳,详细介绍定语从句的引导词和结构。

一、引导词1. 关系代词关系代词在定语从句中引导从句并充当关系词,它们有:that, which, who, whom, whose。

【例句】- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.- The dog which is running in the park is mine.- The girl who is standing over there is my sister.- The man whom you met yesterday is my teacher.- The boy whose father is a doctor is very smart.2. 关系副词关系副词在定语从句中引导从句并充当关系词,它们有:where, when, why。

【例句】- This is the school where I study.- I still remember the day when we first met.- Can you explain the reason why he was late?二、结构1. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句一般用逗号隔开,从句中所包含的信息对于整个句子来说不是必需的。

【例句】- Mary, who is my best friend, is a talented pianist.2. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰的名词或代词进行了限制,去掉从句整个句子的意思就不完整。

【例句】- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.三、注意事项1. 避免使用无关的引导词在定语从句中,需要注意选择合适的引导词。

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的结构与用法

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的结构与用法

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的结构与用法定语从句是英语中非常重要的一种句子成分,用来修饰名词或代词,并且对于语法的正确使用以及理解句子的意思都起到了至关重要的作用。

下面是有关定语从句的结构与用法的归纳。

一、定语从句的结构:1.关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose例如:The book that is on the table is mine. (关系代词that引导的定语从句) The dog which is barking is irritating. (关系代词which引导的定语从句)2.关系副词引导的定语从句:关系副词有:where, when, why例如:I visited the school where my mother works. (关系副词where引导的定语从句)He still remembers the day when he met his best friend. (关系副词when 引导的定语从句)二、定语从句的用法:1.修饰名词的定语从句:定语从句可以用来修饰名词,进一步说明名词的性质、特征或者限定范围。

例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.2.指代前面提到的特定事物或者人:定语从句可以用来指代前面提到的特定事物或者人,避免重复使用名词。

例如:I met the man who helped me yesterday.This is the city where I grew up.3.表示原因、目的、方式等:定语从句可以用来表示原因、目的、方式等,进一步说明句子的意思。

例如:He didn't go to work today because he missed the bus.I brought my laptop so that I could work on the project.4.引导非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是对名词进行限定,而非限制性定语从句不会改变句子的主要意思,只是起到进一步补充说明的作用,并且用逗号将它与主句分开。

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高中英语定语从句详解定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构;它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。

而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。

在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体,或是构成一个名词短语;或是构成一个代词短语。

但从结构上说,关系词与从句是一个整体。

排除句子的其他各部分,这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下:1)three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中:signs是:被修饰的名词;that是:关系词;that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句2)those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中:those是:被修饰的名词;who是:关系词;who drink a lot是:定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下:被修饰的名词/ 代词+ 关系词+ 句子(其中,"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)要点提示:1)"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。

也就是说,关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。

例如:They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations (先行词)where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。

(本句中的关系词where = 先行词(in)situations 。

如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situationspeople normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出,"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系)。

又例如:Rude people are those (先行词)whose (关系词)behavior shows little respectfor the rules(先行词)that(关系词) the majority follows .不讲礼貌的人是指那些,他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。

由此我们还可以看出,"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。

这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。

否则,"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。

这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。

)2)"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义,以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。

这个意思就是说,假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义",那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。

"先行词" 在从句中的语法功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。

比如说,同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词",如果它在从句中作主语,"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式,如果它在从句中作定语,"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。

另外,有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词,而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语,在从句中充当状语,在这种情况下,我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。

例如:Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。

In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。

There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .有许多声音有意义但不是词。

Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。

(一) 关系词从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出,关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。

我们甚至可以说,掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句,也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。

因此,我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。

定语从句中的关系词只有两类:关系代词和关系副词;没有连词。

也就是说,定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。

1)关系代词:who , whom , whose , which , that 等。

who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词,并且在从句中作主语;在现代英语里,也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。

例如:I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。

The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .whom 用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词,并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。

在现代英语里,如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语,它与who可以通用;但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语,那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。

当然,如果在口语或非正式文体中,介词没有提前,也就没有这点要求了。

例如:Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ?刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁?Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .昨天在购物中心,我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。

They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。

(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ,在从句中作介词on的宾语,而且介词on提到关系代词的前面,所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,此处只能用whom 。

)Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? (错误)(句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ,在从句中作介词to的宾语,但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用who句子就错了。

此处只能用whom 。

)whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词,在从句中作定语,往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。

Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。

例如:Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗?Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。

which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词,在从句中作主语、宾语。

例如:Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。

I've got a novel which you may like to read .我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。

That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。

that 既用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词,也用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词;在从句中既可以作主语,也可以作谓语动词的宾语,但是不能作介词的宾语。

在一定范围内,that = who / whom / which 。

例如:Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。

Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。

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