被动语态(完整版)
初中被动语态ppt课件完整版
错误示例
He has finished his homework yesterday.
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错误分析
助动词“has”与过去时间状语 “yesterday”不符，应使用一
般过去时的被动语态“was finished”。
纠正方法
注意助动词与谓语动词的搭配， 以及助动词与主语在数和时态上 的一致性。同时，根据句子意思
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改写句：The classroom was
cleaned by somebody yesterday.
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06
总结回顾与拓展延伸
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关键知识点总结回顾
被动语态的基本构成
be动词+动词的过去分词
被动语态的时态变化
根据句子中的时间状语或上下文判断 时态，选择相应的be动词形式
选择题专项训练
答案
C
解析
根据last year可知句子为一般过去时，主语The book与谓语动词write为被动关系，故用一般过去时 的被动语态was written，故选C。
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选择题专项训练
选择题二
题目：The flowers _______ often.
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初中被动语态ppt课件完整 版Biblioteka 2024/1/261
目录
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• 被动语态基本概念与构成 • 被动语态时态变化规则 • 特殊类型句子中被动语态应用 • 典型错误分析与纠正方法 • 练习题精选与详解 • 总结回顾与拓展延伸
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被动语态基本概念与 构成
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被动语态完整版
语态(VOICE)语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态：主动语态(Active V oice)和被动语态（Passive V oice）。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
如：The people supported him. He was supported by the people.一、被动语态的形式(Forms of Passive Voice)被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成。
助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
[注] 被动语态与不同时态结合的变化形式一概表现在助动词be上。
一般现在时：English is widely spoken all over the world.一般过去时：The bridge was built in 1973.一般将来时：The baby will be taken to hospital soon.过去将来时：He said he would be criticized for what he did.现在完成时：The book has been translated into many languages.过去完成时：By 1960, 100 schools had been set up.现在进行时：The building is being built.过去进行时：When I went to the city, a high building was being built.将来完成时：This class will have been taught by Mr. Brown for two years by next summer.过去将来完成时：The headmaster said the article would have been translated by six o’clock.[注] 一般说来，及物动词可用于被动语态，因为及物动词有宾语，把宾语变成主语，句子即可改为被动结构。
被动语态完整版
动语态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态: 表示主语是动作的执行者。
e.g.Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态: 表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
e.g.English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
e.g. He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的。
People use electricity to run machines.→Electricity is used to run machines by people.2.一般过去时的被动语态：e.g. We planted many trees on the hill yesterday.→ Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.3.一般将来时的被动语态：e.g. We will hold a sports meeting next week.→A sports meeting will be held by us next week.4.过去将来时的被动语态：e.g. Monster said she would punish the naughty boy this evening.→Monster said the naughty boy would be punished by her this evening.5.现在进行时的被动语态：e.g. He is painting the house now.→The house is being painted by him now.6.过去进行时的被动语态：e.g. She was making a car when I came to the kitchen.→A car was being made by her when I came to the kitchen.7.现在完成时的被动语态：e.g. The lifesaver has saved more than twenty lives.→More than twenty lives has been saved by lifesaver.8.过去完成时的被动语态：e.g. They had translated the book into English by the end of last term.→The book had been translated into English by them by the end of last term.9.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
被动语态ppt课件完整版
一般现在时、过去时、将来时
一般现在时被动语态
am/is/are + 动词过去分词，表示经 常性或习惯性的动作，或与现在事实 相联系的情况。
一般将来时被动语态
will be + 动词过去分词，表示将来某 一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
一般过去时被动语态
was/were + 动词过去分词，表示过 去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 。
议上讨论。）
动词形式变化规则
现在进行时
am/is/are being+过去分词。例如：The house is being repaired. （房子正在修理中。）
过去进行时
was/were being+过去分词。例如：He was being operated on when we arrived.（我们到达时他正在接受手术。）
情态动词后接完成式时，有时也可以表示虚拟语气，表示与 过去事实相反的假设或愿望。在这种情况下，句子通常使用 倒装语序，即把情态动词放在主语之前。
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误用与避免方法探讨
常见误用类型分析
主谓不一致
在被动语态中，主语通常是动作的承受者，谓语应与主语保持一致。然而，有时会出现主 谓不一致的错误，如“The book was wrote by him.”（正确形式应为“The book was written by him.”）
如果不定式前面的名词是对句子的主语的特点进行的说明的时候，使用不定式的主 动语态表示被动含义。
在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重 点在人。
动名词作主语或宾语补足语时
动名词作主语时，谓语动词为单数，在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动 名词，动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻 辑主语。
（完整版）被动语态讲解及练习（附答案）
（完整版）被动语态讲解及练习（附答案）被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here．4）was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7）shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
(完整版)被动语态大全
(完整版)被动语态大全一、选择题1．Good news! The film Titanic has returned to big screen in 3D fifteen years after it ________. A．has shown B．was shown C．shows D．will be shown 2．— Mom, can I eat a hamburger? —- Sure, if the dishes __________.A．washed B．are washed C．will wash D．will be washed 3．In Switzerland, things like glass and plastic ______ into different groups and then recycled. A．separate B．separated C．are separated D．is separated 4．—Excuse me, Mum. When can we have dinner?—Not until it ___________in half an hour.A．is prepared B．has been preparedC．will be prepared D．was prepared5．Penicillin(青霉素)was first _______ by Fleming early in the twentieth century. A．invented B．discovered C．created D．produced 6．—Aunt Li, who is the pretty girl in red in the picture?—It’s my daughter. The picture________10 years ago.A．took B．is taken C．has taken D．was taken7．The last team of medical workers ________ a warm welcome when returning to Nanjing from Wuhan this April.A．was giving B．was given C．has given D．gave8．— How is the case going on?—I’ve no idea. It at the meeting right away.A．discussed B．will discuss C．is discussed D．will be discussed 9．—Do you have any problems if you _________ this job?—Well, I'm thinking about the working day.A．offer B．are offered C．will offer D．will be offered 10．The school hall ________ next week to celebrate this year's Science & Technology Festival. A．is decorated B．will decorate C．is decorating D．will be decorated 11．Don't touch that machine ________ you ________.A．if; are allowed B．unless; are allowedC．if; allow D．unless; are allowed to12．—People should still keep a social distance these days.—Yes. A large number of masks ________ in the following months.A．needed B．are needed C．were needed D．will be needed 13．— Amy, do you know what will happen in Dongtai?— The high-speed railway from Yancheng to Nantong ________ soon.A．will be completed B．will complete C．was completed D．completed 14．—Excuse me, sir. When can we drive on the highway? —Not until it ________next week. A．is built B．builds C．will build D．will be built 15．Take it easy! This big experiment _______ several parts for you.A．was divided to B．divided into C．is divided into D．is divided 16．— Soccer first started in England in the 12th century, didn't it?— Yes, but now it ________all over the world.A．plays B．is played C．is playing D．has played17．A display of music and fireworks ______at the 3rd Yangzhou International Lighting Festival on July 20, 2018.A．was held B．were held C．has held D．will be held 18．—My father works in Pukou . He spends much time driving home every day.—Don’t worry about that. It’ll be easier when the bridge ________.A．repairs B．will repair C．is repaired D．will be repaired 19．—I’m afraid I can’t finish the task in such a short time.—Don’t wo rry. Can you finish it, if you ________ two more days?A．will give B．will be given C．give D．are given 20．—Have you heard of the pop song Little Apple?—Yes. It________every evening when aged people do square dancing downstairs.A．plays B．is played C．was played D．played21．With the development of 5G technology, more self-driving cars ________ in the near future. A．use B．are used C．will use D．will be used 22．The 2024 Summer Olympics _________ in Paris, France.A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 23．Experienced doctors and nurses ________ in Hubei Province at the beginning of this year. A．need B．were needed C．are needed D．needed 24．Have you heard that the big event Olympics in Tokyo________until next year?A．is put off B．was putted off C．would be put off D．will be put off 25．It’s known that Chinese by more and more people in the world now.A．speak B．was spoken C．spoke D．is spoken 26．After the Chinese spacecraft’s landing on Mars ________ on May 16, 2021, we felt even prouder of our country.A．announces B．announced C．were announced D．was announced 27．—Over the past 70 years, China’s high-speed railway ________ fast.—That’s true. The project of Yancheng-Nantong High-speed Railway that goes through Rugao ________ by the end of this year.A．has developed; will be completed B．is developing; will completeC．has developed; will complete D．is developing; will be completed 28．—Henry, did you drive back to your hometown during the May Day holiday?— No. I was ________ to take the train because the traffic is often the busiest on the highway. A．praised B．taught C．prevented D．advised29．We're sure that the environment in our city ______ greatly through our work in the near future.A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved30．The 2022 Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing.A．hold B．are holding C．will hold D．will be held 31．—My father works in Shanghai. It takes him much time to go home every month.—Don’t worry. It’ll be easier and quicker after Taizhou High-Speed Rail Station _______. A．builds B．is built C．will build D．will be built 32．— When shall we hand in our book review on The Kite Runner?— As soon as it ________.A．completes B．is completed C．will complete D．will be completed 33．Yancheng SRT Line 1 ________ last year, now it makes people’s life easier and faster. A．finished B．was finished C．is finished D．finishes 34．When waste from daily life ________, people won’t mix some resources with wet waste. A．separated B．is separated C．separates D．will be separated 35．Last year, five Chinese teachers ________ to a school in the UK to teach the British students in Chinese styles for four weeks.A．were sent B．sent C．have sent D．have been sent 36．—Aunt Li, who is the lovely boy in red in the picture?—It’s my son. The picture ________ 10 years ago.A．took B．is taken C．has taken D．was taken 37．The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in Beijing on February 2, 2022.A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．are hold38．A new railway station ________ in my town next year.A．builds B．built C．is built D．will be built 39．—Are you going to Sam’s birthday party the day after tomorrow?—I’m not sure. I will go with you if I ______.A．will invite B．invite C．will be invited D．am invited40．It is reported that a total of 71,000 5G base stations ________ in Jiangsu Province in 2020. A．build B．built C．were built D．have built【参考答案】一、选择题1．B【详解】句意：好消息！电影“泰坦尼克号”在上映15年后以3D形式重返大银幕。
(完整版)被动语态构成及用法详解
被动语态用法详解TENSE主动语态被动语态一般现在时be+V。
\V。
s am\is\are+V( p。
p)一般将来时will\be going to\be （about)to+V.will be +V （p.p）现在进行时am\is\are+V。
ing am\is\are+be ing+V(p。
p）一般过去时①was\were②V.ed was\were+V(p .p）现在完成时have\has+V.p.p have\has+bee n+V（p.p)过去完成时had+V。
p.p had+been+V （p。
p)过去进行时was\were+V。
ing was\were+bei ng+V（p。
p)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词被动语态牢记一点,be加动词过去分词。
分析句中主和谓，承受者作主语即被动。
短语动词不可忘介、副词。
另有不及物动词，只有主动无被动.还要注意其时态,与主动语态全相同.不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear， die（死亡），disappear （消失）， end (vi. 结束）， fail， happen， last， lie, remain， sit, spread， stand break out, come true, fall asleep， keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my house。
比较： rise, fall， happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
（错）The price has been risen.(对）The price has risen。
（错)The accident was happened last week.(对)The accident happened last week。
(完整版)一般现在时的被动语态
(完整版)一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态1. 什么是一般现在时的被动语态？一般现在时的被动语态是英语中描述现在时态下被动动作和状态的语法结构。
在一般现在时的被动语态中，主语是动作的接受者，而不是动作的执行者。
被动语态可以用来强调动作的承受者或者不强调动作的执行者。
2. 构成一般现在时的被动语态的方式一般现在时的被动语态的构成方式如下：* 陈述句：be动词（am/is/are）+ 过去分词* 否定句：be动词（am/is/are）+ not + 过去分词* 疑问句：be动词（am/is/are）+ 主语 + 过去分词2.1 例句以下是一些例句，用于演示一般现在时的被动语态的构成方式：* The book is read by students.（被学生们阅读。
）* The food is cooked by the chef.（被厨师烹饪。
）* The report is written by Jane.（被简写的报道。
）2.2 第三人称单数的被动语态在一般现在时的被动语态中，如果主语是第三人称单数，则需要使用动词的第三人称单数形式，并加上be动词（is/are）。
例如：* The letter is sent by him.（被他寄出。
）* The car is driven by John.（被约翰开车。
）2.3 直陈疑问句和否定句的变化直陈疑问句和否定句在一般现在时的被动语态中的变化如下：* 直陈疑问句：把be动词（am/is/are）提前到句子开头。
* Are the books read by students?（书是被学生读的吗？）* Is the food cooked by the chef?（食物是被厨师烹饪的吗？）* 否定句：在be动词后加上not。
* The book is not read by students.（书不是被学生读的。
）* The food is not cooked by the chef.（食物不是被厨师烹饪的。
完整版)各种时态的被动语态
完整版)各种时态的被动语态1.删除无关段落。
2.改写：各种时态的被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词的形式会随时态、人称和数的变化而变化。
具体结构如下：一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去进行时：主语+was/were+being+过去分词现在完成时：主语+has/have+been+过去分词过去完成时：主语+had+been+过去分词过去将来时：主语+should/would+be+过去分词含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词。
3.改写：这个教室每天都会被打扫。
4.改写：我们的学校是在1998年建造的。
5.改写：运动会将在明天举行。
6.改写：这辆汽车正在被修理。
7.改写：那时候那台机器正在被涂漆。
8.改写：这家银行已经建成了。
9.改写：在我来这里之前，我已经被邀请去日本访问了。
10.改写：XXX告诉我她将会被派往美国。
11.改写：这辆自行车不能放在这里。
I XXX invited so far。
so I'm not sure。
The government in our country will now record tourists' bad r。
It is XXX。
Special passive voice forms:1.When a sense verb (XXX) or a causative verb(make/let/have) is followed by an infinitive without "to" in an active sentence。
the "to" should be added in a passive sentence。
(完整版)被动语态表格
被动语态1.Why ：2.What and When ：“被”“由”3.How ：八大时态和神情动词的被动语态4.How :1. 译“被”“由”， 2 时态人称和数5.结构： Be 动词的相应时态 + 过去分词 done常用被动语态构成例句1一般现在时2一般过去时3现在进行时4过去进行时5现在完成时6过去完成时7一般将来时8过去将来时9神情动词主动语态变被动语态am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donehave/has been donehad been doneshall/will be done begoing to be doneshould/would be donewas/were going tobe doneCan/may/must+be+doneEnglish is spoken by many country.English was spoken by many country.English is being spoken bymany country.English was being spoken bymany country.English has been spoken bymany country.English had been spoken bymany country.English will be spoken by manycountry.English would be spoken by manycountry.English can be spoken by manycountry.Many people speak English.1.将主句中的宾语变被动语态主语，若是是代词将代词宾格变主格，变被动语态中宾语用 by 引导，若是主语时代词由主格变宾格。
语态形式。
(完整版)被动语态构成及用法详解
被动语态用法详解TENSE 主动语态被动语态一般现在时be+V.\V.sam\is\are+V(p.p)一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+V. will be +V(p.p) 现在进行时am\is\are+V.ingam\is\are+being+V(p.p)一般过去时①was\were②V.edwas\were+V(p.p)现在完成时have\has+V.p.p have\has+bee n+V(p.p)过去完成时had+V.p.phad+been+V(p.p)被动语态牢记一点，be加动词过去分词。
分析句中主和谓，承受者作主语即被动。
短语动词不可忘介、副词。
另有不及物动词，只有主动无被动。
还要注意其时态，与主动语态全相同。
不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
（错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has risen.（错）The accident was happened last week.（对）The accident happened last week.（错）The price has raised.（对）The price has been raised.（错）Please seat.（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。
(完整版)英语语法之被动语态
被动语态一、什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种,即：主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。
”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的.”二、动语态的运用(1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如：Paper is made from wood。
（纸是由木材生产出来的。
）The house is quite old。
It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
)He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了.）Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。
）(2）需要强调动作的对象时。
例如:Calculator can't be used in the maths exam。
（计算器不能用于数学考试.）Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
）He was awarded first prize in that contest。
（他在比赛中获得了第一。
）（3）为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
例如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month。
（新实验室必须在下个月底前完工.）三、各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态.被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词(p．p）”。
被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。
其具体变化为：1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now。
被动语态精讲完整版课件
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混淆主动和被动意义导致误解
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主被动意义不清
在使用被动语态时，需要明确动作的执行者和承受者。如 果混淆了主被动意义，就会导致句子意思不清或产生误解 。
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02 03
忽略by短语
by短语在被动语态中用于指明动作的执行者。如果在使用 被动语态时忽略了by短语，就会使得句子意思不完整或产 生歧义。
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确定主语和动作执行者
确定句子中的主语和动作执行者，即动作的承受 者和执行者。
调整句子结构
根据需要调整句子结构，使句子更加通顺和自然 。
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02 被动语态在各时 态中运用
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一般现在时被动语态
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02
03
构成
am/is/are + 动词的过去 分词
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完成句子练习，巩固知识点掌握
我的钱包被偷了。（将主动语态的宾语“我的钱包”变为主语，加上助动词“被 ”和主动语态的主语“有人”构成被动语态，注意“有人”在被动语态中通常省 略。）
一封信昨天被我收到了。（将主动语态的宾语“一封信”变为主语，加上助动词 “被”和主动语态的主语“我”以及时间状语“昨天”构成被动语态。）
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完成句子练习，巩固知识点掌握
请将以下句子改写成 被动语态
有人偷了我的钱包。
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他们已经完成了这个 项目。
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完成句子练习，巩固知识点掌握
我昨天收到了一封信。
答案及解析
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这个项目已经被他们完成了。（将主动语态的宾语“这个项目”变为主语，加上助 动词“被”和主动语态的主语“他们”构成被动语态。）
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被动语态(完整版)一、单项选择被动语态1．The old man was weak after the accident; so he ______ carefully by us.A．must be take care of B．must take care ofC．must look after D．must be looked after【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查含情态动词的被动语态。
句意：事故发生后，老人很虚弱；所以他必须由我们仔细照顾。
固定词组：take care of/ looked after“照顾”；句子主语he和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以这里是含情态动词的被动语态，“情态动词+be +过去分词”。
故选D。
2．Many artifacts ________ for the first time in the National Museum at present.A．were exhibited B．were being exhibitedC．are being exhibited D．are exhibited【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态与语态。
句意：许多史前古器物目前正在国家博物馆首次展出。
根据时间状语“at present”可知，句子描述现在正在进行的动作，主语artifacts与谓语exhibit之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
故选C。
3．—Are we about to have dinner?—Yes，it ________ in the dining room.A．serves B．is servingC．is being served D．has been serving【答案】C【解析】考查时态。
因serve与it(dinner)是动宾关系，要用被动语态；由问句中的are about to(即将) have dinner和答语Yes可知，已“在”供应dinner了，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
故选C。
4．Quantities of soil ________ in the area, resulting in the increasing number of natural disasters. A．is washed away B．have washed awayC．have washed away D．have been washed away【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。
句意：在这个地区大量的土壤被冲走了，结果导致自然灾害数量增加。
句中soil和wash away是被动关系，此处指土壤已经被冲走并对现在造成影响，故要用现在完成时，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。
5．Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos ______ then.A．will take B．will be taken C．have taken D．have been taken【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。
句意：请在星期一穿上你最好的衣服，因为那时你们班将拍照。
根据语境可知，动作发生在将来，并且是被动，故用一般将来时态的被动语态。
故选B。
6．When I got to his house, I found that the walls _____ .A．are being painted B．are paintingC．were being painted D．were painting【答案】C【解析】考查过去进行时态的被动语态。
句意：当我到达他家的时候，我发现墙正在被粉刷。
根据句意可知用过去进行时态的被动语态，故选C。
7．––Are the repairs finished yet?––Yes, they ______ when I came back home.A．would be completed B．would completeC．had completed D．had been completed【答案】D【解析】考查被动语态。
上句：修理被完成了吗？下句：是的，当我回到家的时候它们已经被完成。
根据句意可知句子用过去完成时态的被动语态，故选D。
8．It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that ________ for the death of so many innocent people.A．are blamed B．was to blame C．was blamed D．were to blame【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致以及be to blame的用法。
句意：是自然灾害，而不是人为错误，应对这么多无辜人类的死亡负责。
be to blame for…表示“应受责备，应对……负责”时，固定短语，因此排除A、C项；这里强调主语the natural disaster，是一个强调句，谓语动词应与主语保持一致，即与the natural disaster保持一致，因此用was to blame，故选B项。
9．Peter is helping set tables in the hall, where John’s birth day party ________.A．is holding B．has heldC．is held D．will be held【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。
句意：皮特正在帮着在大厅里放桌子，约翰的生日晚会将在这里举行。
根据前面语境正在放桌子，可知现在party还没举行，马上将要举行，“生日晚会”与“举行”之间是被动关系，故选D。
10．8 students and 2 teachers at Santa Fe High School by a 17-year-student armed with a shotgun and a pistol. This is one of the many gun-related tragedies that have happened in the last 2 years.A．killed B．were killedC．have killed D．have been killed【答案】B【解析】考查被动语态。
句意：在圣塔菲高中，一名17岁的学生手持猎枪和一把手枪，在圣塔菲高中杀害了8名学生和2名教师。
8 students and 2 teachers是句子主语，复数形式，和kill之间是被动关系，再根据in the last 2 years.可知这是最近两年发生的与枪有关的事故之一，可知这是在讲过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为B。
11．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.A．are trapping B．have been trappedC．were trapping D．had been trapped【答案】D【解析】考查语态和时态。
句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。
“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。
由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。
综上，D选项正确。
点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。
12．It's great that all the visitors who on the island were saved.A．trapped B．have been trappedC．had trapped D．had been trapped【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态和被动语态。
句意：所有被困在岛上的游客都得救了，这真是太棒了。
由were saved可知此事发生在过去，且被困应在被救之前，应用过去完成时；同时，visitors和trap构成被动关系，应使用过去完成时的被动语态。
故D选项正确。
13．To my ________， he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prizein the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well. A．astonishment；astonishingB．astonished；astonishingC．astonishment；astonishedD．astonish；astonishment【答案】C【解析】考查astonish相关短语的用法。
使我惊讶的是,他对这个消息并不感到惊讶.to one's astonishment“使某人感到惊讶的是”；be astonished at sth.“对某事感到惊讶”。
故选C.14．一When shall we start the restoration of the historic buildings?一Not until our plan________ by the committee．A．will be approved B．approvesC．is to approve D．has been approved【答案】D【解析】这题考查时态语态，our plan和approve是被动关系，用被动，选择A或D。
A项是一般将来时，not until引导的是时间状语从句，不能用将来时，可以用一般现在时或现在完成时，选D。
15．The film “Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real person, named Oskar Schindler A．inspired B．promptedC．rised D．insured【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查过去分词。
A. inspired鼓舞；B. prompted引起，提示；C. rised上升；D. insured确保。