化工专业英语练习题 参考答案

练习一参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)A process is any operation or series of operations that causes a physical or chemical change in asubstance or a mixture of substances .The material that enters a process is referred to as input or feed the process,and that which leaves is called output or product.2)As a chemical engineer,you might be called on to design individual process units (such as reactors,distillation columns,heat exchangers),supervise the operation of a process,or modify a process design to accommodate a change in the feed or in the desired product characteristics.As a rule,to any of these things you must know the amounts,compositions,and conditions of the materials that enter and leave each process unit,and if you are working with an existing units,you must be able to measure enough of these quantities to verify that the process is doing what it was designed to do.3)Founded in 1839from a small production firm for pharmaceutical products,B.Braun has grown steadilyinto a multinational company dealing with medical products,medical technology,pharmaceutical and biotechnology.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1）包括的一系列操作，如混合、蒸发、过滤，无论产物是什么，这些操作都基本同，从而导致了单元操作的概念。

2）复杂的工厂可划分为基本的操作单元一样，过程工业中涉及的化学反应也可划分为一定的单元过程（如聚合、酯化、和硝化），它们具有共同的特性。

3）缺乏经验的新手对涉及到的一些错综复杂的问题可能知之甚少，如混合不完全、径向温度梯度的增加、传热面积对产热速比值的降低等。

4）化学工程师必须与化学家紧密合作，以完全了解过程中涉及的化学知识，并要弄清化学家是否得到了过程设计、操作及优化所需的化学动力学数据及物性数据。

练习二参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)New-product R&D is directed toward developing new products that may or may not fit within the company’s current markets.These are usually high-risk,high-return projects.Estimates vary,but usually the success rate of new-product RD is about 5%or less.The projects that do hit can big,however.2)Figure 7shows the base case,a complete design (main unit operations,heat exchanger network,andcontrol loops)for part of a petrochemicals process.The system involves reaction and separation.The reaction is catalytic and conversion is variable over periods of several months due to catalyst deactivation.During D o c u C o m P D F T r i a l w w w .p d f w i z a r d .c o mtimes od low catalyst activity,conversion falls off and consequently the composition of the distillation feed stream changes.The distillation column has its own control system (not shown),which is used to ensure that the composition of the bottom product is kept constant.The top product composition (recycle)is variable to accommodate the effect of catalyst deactivation.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1）略3)单元操作已发展成为满足商品大规模生产的需要，其概念认为：任何化学生产过程可分解为一系列同等的操作，如粉碎、干燥、焙烧、结晶、过滤、蒸发、蒸馏、电解等。

3）上述这些实例给我们一个主要的启示：虽然化学家制备并开发了具有特性性质的新的化学物质，但是要将这些化学物质加工并转化为可实用的合适形态，还需要工程师和技术人员投入大量的工作。

练习三参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1）Chemical engineer has to deal with industrial processes in which raw materials are changed or separatedinto useful products.Chemical engineers must develop,design,and engineer both the complete processand the equipment used;choose the proper raw materials,operate the plants efficiently,safely,and economically;and see to it that products meet the requirements set by customers 2）If the values of all the variables in a process (e.g.all temperatures,pressures,volumes,flow rates,etc.)do not change with time,except possibly for minor fluctuations about constant mean values,the process is said to be operating at steady state.If any of the process variables change with time,transient orunsteady-state operation is said to exist.By their nature,batch and semi batch process are unsteady-state operations,whereas continuous processes may be either steady state or transient ..2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1)略2)中试工厂是用于研究过程操作中某些关键问题或进行基础研究的一整套设备。

它是研究手段而不是研究目的。

中式工厂的规模，可从实验室小型实验设备直至比工业装置的外形略小一点的装置。

建立并进行中试操作的目的很多：检验所设想过程的可行性；提供设计数据；确定新过程在经济上的可行性；确定最佳的施工材料；检验控制系统的可操作性；确定工厂的维护范围；生产足够量的产品以供市场评价；获取动力学数据；为先进技术提供试验基地；提供解决放大问题的数据；为以有过程或产品提供技术支持；评定过程的危险程度；确定操作费用；优化现有工艺；进行基础过程研究。

D o c uC o m PD F T r i a l w w w .p d f w i z a r d .c o m1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1）A typical diagram of a fluid catalytic cracker is shown in Fig.15.The unit is characterized by two hugevessels,one to read the feed with hot catalyst and the other to regenerate the spent catalyst by burning off carbon with air.The activity of newer molecular-sieve catalysts is to great that the contact time between feed and catalyst is reduced drastically.If not,the oil will overcrack to give unwanted gases and coke.3)Synthetic organic chemicals can be defined as derivative products of naturally occurring materials(petroleum,natural gas and coal),which have undergone at least one chemical reaction,such as oxidation,hydrogenation,halogenation,sulfonation,or alkylation.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1）间歇反应器用于小于小规模生产，用于试验尚未完全开发成功的新过程，还用于生产昂贵的产品，以及那些难于实现连续化操作的过程。